thyro-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin thyro-.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin thyro- (in thyroides thyroid adj.). Compare thyreo- comb. form.Compare French thyro- . Ancient Greek θυρο- is used as a combining form only in the sense ‘door’ ( < θύρα door n.).

Used as a combining form of thyroid adj. and n., in reference to the thyroid cartilage or the thyroid gland.

1. In reference to the thyroid cartilage.

thyro-arytenoid adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrəʊarᵻˈtiːnɔɪd/

/ˌθʌɪrəʊəˈrɪtənɔɪd/

/ˌθʌɪrəʊəˈrɪtn̩ɔɪd/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊəˈrɪtnˌɔɪd/

/ˌθaɪroʊˌɛrəˈtiˌnɔɪd/

(rarely thyreo-arytenoid) pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx; thyro-arytenoid ligaments or thyro-arytenoid folds, the vocal cords; thyro-arytenoid muscles, a pair of muscles which relax the vocal cords; also as noun = t. muscle. [After post-classical Latin thyroarytaenoides (1645 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of throat

stylopharyngeus1684

cricoarytenoid1827

thyro-arytenoid1855

cricothyroid1857

sternohyoid1873

thyro-cricoid1901

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat

cricoid1657

cricoidal1698

arytenoid1728

cricothyroid1740

cricoarytenoid1754

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

epiglottidean1840

thyro-epiglottic1844

thyro-arytenoid1855

thyroidean1860

thyropharyngean1860

arytenoidal1872

thyropalatine1872

epiglottic1887

thyrolingual1896

thyro-epiglottidean1901

post-cricoid1907

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 281 Thyroarytænoides is a pair of Muscles that proceed from the Cartilage called Scutiformis, and extending themselves forward to the Sides of the Arytænoides..serve to..close the opening of the Larynx.]

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. iv. 301 The..vocal cords..are two bands..attached in front to..the depression between the wings of the thyroid cartilage, and behind to the arytenoid cartilages; from this connexion they are called thyro-arytenoid ligaments.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 818 The laryngeal muscles chiefly involved have been the internal thyro-arytenoids.

thyrochondrotomy n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)kɒnˈdrɒtəmi/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌkɑnˈdrɑdəmi/

surgical incision of the thyroid cartilage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth

adenotomy1777

tonsillotomy1876

thyrotomy1880

thyroidectomy1889

thyroidotomy1890

parotidectomy1893

adenoidectomy1899

parathyroidectomy1899

tonsillectomy1899

thymectomy1905

thyrochondrotomy1911

adenotonsillectomy1916

thyroparathyroidectomy1920

T. & A.1942

1911 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 6) Thyrochondrotomy.

thyro-cricoid adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈkrʌɪkɔɪd/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈkraɪˌkɔɪd/

/ˌθaɪroʊˈkraɪˌkɔɪd/

pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and cricoid cartilages; also as n. = thyro-cricoid muscle. [After post-classical Latin thyrocricoides (1632 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of throat

stylopharyngeus1684

cricoarytenoid1827

thyro-arytenoid1855

cricothyroid1857

sternohyoid1873

thyro-cricoid1901

1901 Benham in Proc. Zool. Soc. 2 Apr. 286 This longitudinal muscle is topographically a ‘thyro-cricoid’.

thyro-cricotomy n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)krʌɪˈkɒtəmi/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˌkraɪˈkɑdəmi/

/ˌθaɪroʊˌkraɪˈkɑdəmi/

see quot. 1899.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on the throat

laryngotomy1661

bronchotomy1706

tracheotomy1726

pharyngotomy1730

oesophagotomy1811

staphylotomy1853

laryngotracheotomy1879

oesophagostomy1882

uvulatomy1887

laryngectomy1888

pharyngectomy1888

uvulotomy1889

oesophagectomy1892

thyro-cricotomy1899

tracheolaryngotomy1909

tracheostomy1945

1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Thyro-cricotomy, tracheotomy performed through the crico-thyroid membrane alone.

thyro-epiglottic adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrəʊɛpᵻˈɡlɒtɪk/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌɛpəˈɡlɑdɪk/

(also thyreo-epiglottic) connecting the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis. [Compare scientific Latin thyreoepiglotticus (1753 or earlier), thyroepiglotticus (1772 or earlier), French thyro-épiglottique (1750 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat

cricoid1657

cricoidal1698

arytenoid1728

cricothyroid1740

cricoarytenoid1754

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

epiglottidean1840

thyro-epiglottic1844

thyro-arytenoid1855

thyroidean1860

thyropharyngean1860

arytenoidal1872

thyropalatine1872

epiglottic1887

thyrolingual1896

thyro-epiglottidean1901

post-cricoid1907

1844 R. Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 4) Thyreo-epiglottic, Sabatier and Santorini have given this name to the outer portion of the thyro-arytenoid muscle; because it passes from the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the epiglottis.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Thyro-epiglottic ligament... Thyro-epiglottic muscle.

thyro-epiglottidean adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrəʊɛpᵻɡlɒˈtɪdɪən/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌɛpəɡlɑˈtɪdiən/

[After scientific Latin thyro-epiglottidaeus (1724 or earlier), thyreo-epiglottidaeus (1751 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat

cricoid1657

cricoidal1698

arytenoid1728

cricothyroid1740

cricoarytenoid1754

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

epiglottidean1840

thyro-epiglottic1844

thyro-arytenoid1855

thyroidean1860

thyropharyngean1860

arytenoidal1872

thyropalatine1872

epiglottic1887

thyrolingual1896

thyro-epiglottidean1901

post-cricoid1907

1901 Benham in Proc. Zool. Soc. 2 Apr. 286 The thyro-epiglottidean muscle..is also a conspicuous constituent in the ventral region of the larynx.

thyro-hyal adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪəl/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈhaɪəl/

/ˌθaɪroʊˈhaɪəl/

= thyro-hyoid adj. and n.; usually as n., applied to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone in mammals, or to each of the long horns of the same bone in birds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > bones > [noun] > hyoid or palatine

thyro-hyal1854

urohyal1888

transpalatine1891

the world > animals > birds > bones > [adjective] > of hyoid

thyro-hyoid1831

urohyal1835

thyro-hyal1854

the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > parts of > other parts

paxwaxa1325

testis1681

leaf1819

Harderian gland1822

fair-hair1825

ovarian follicle1834

Graafian follicle1841

thyro-hyal1854

Gartner's canal1874

admaxillary1896

baculum1939

the world > animals > mammals > [adjective] > of parts of > thyro-hyal

thyro-hyoid1831

thyro-hyal1854

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 209 The basihyal has..coalesced with the thyrohyals to form a broad cartilaginous plate.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 134 The thyro-hyal muscle.

thyro-hyoid adj. and n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪɔɪd/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈhaɪˌɔɪd/

/ˌθaɪroʊˈhaɪˌɔɪd/

(a) adj. pertaining to or connecting the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone; (b) n. = thyro-hyoid muscle. [After scientific Latin thyreohyoides (1708 or earlier), thyro-hyoides (1746 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > bones > [adjective] > of hyoid

thyro-hyoid1831

urohyal1835

thyro-hyal1854

the world > animals > mammals > [adjective] > of parts of > thyro-hyal

thyro-hyoid1831

thyro-hyal1854

1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 82 The digastric and thyro-hyoid muscles.

thyro-hyoidean adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrəʊhʌɪˈɔɪdɪən/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌhaɪˈɔɪdiən/

[After scientific Latin thyro-hyoideus (1763 or earlier), thyreo-hyoideus (1784 or earlier).]

thyropalatine adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈpalətʌɪn/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈpæləˌtaɪn/

/ˌθaɪroʊˈpæləˌtaɪn/

(also thyreopalatine) connecting the thyroid cartilage and the palate: applied to part of the palato-pharyngeus muscle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat

cricoid1657

cricoidal1698

arytenoid1728

cricothyroid1740

cricoarytenoid1754

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

epiglottidean1840

thyro-epiglottic1844

thyro-arytenoid1855

thyroidean1860

thyropharyngean1860

arytenoidal1872

thyropalatine1872

epiglottic1887

thyrolingual1896

thyro-epiglottidean1901

post-cricoid1907

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > palate

palatical1654

palatine1656

palatial1707

palatal1786

palatic1823

pharyngopalatine1843

palatoglossal1850

palatopharyngeal1850

prepalatal1853

thyropalatine1872

palato-alveolar1884

transpalatine1891

uranic1898

1872 J. S. Cohen Dis. Throat 134 The thyreo-palatine portion of the muscle.

1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Thyro-palatine.

thyropharyngean adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪən/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊfəˈrɪndʒiən/

(also thyreopharyngean) connecting the thyroid cartilage and the pharynx (see quot. 1844). [After scientific Latin thyropharyngeus (1704 or earlier), thyreopharyngeus (1734 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [adjective] > pharynx

pharyngeal1754

pharyngal1756

pharyngic1822

pharyngopalatine1843

retropharyngeal1843

pharyngolaryngeal1848

postpharyngeal1860

thyropharyngean1860

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat

cricoid1657

cricoidal1698

arytenoid1728

cricothyroid1740

cricoarytenoid1754

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

epiglottidean1840

thyro-epiglottic1844

thyro-arytenoid1855

thyroidean1860

thyropharyngean1860

arytenoidal1872

thyropalatine1872

epiglottic1887

thyrolingual1896

thyro-epiglottidean1901

post-cricoid1907

1844 R. Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 4) Thyro-pharyngeus, Thyreo-pharyngeus, the portion of the constrictor pharyngis inferior, which is attached to the thyroid cartilage.]

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Thyreopharyngeus,..applied to the middle portion of the constrictor pharyngis inferior muscle: thyreopharyngean.

thyrotomy n.

Brit.

/θʌɪˈrɒtəmi/

U.S.

/θaɪˈrɑdəmi/

(also thyreotomy) incision or division of the thyroid cartilage. [Compare French thyrotomie (1833 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth

adenotomy1777

tonsillotomy1876

thyrotomy1880

thyroidectomy1889

thyroidotomy1890

parotidectomy1893

adenoidectomy1899

parathyroidectomy1899

tonsillectomy1899

thymectomy1905

thyrochondrotomy1911

adenotonsillectomy1916

thyroparathyroidectomy1920

T. & A.1942

1880 M. Mackenzie Man. Dis. Throat & Nose I. 331 Thyrotomy should never be undertaken until removal by the endolaryngeal method has been first attempted.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Thyreotomy... Thyrotomy, section of the thyroid cartilage.

1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Thyreotomy, division of the thyroid cartilage for exploratory purposes.

2. In reference to the thyroid gland. (Often thyreo-.)

thyro-antitoxin n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrəʊantɪˈtɒksɪn/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌæn(t)əˈtɑks(ə)n/

/ˌθaɪroʊˌæn(t)iˈtɑks(ə)n/

/ˌθaɪroʊˈæn(t)əˌtɑks(ə)n/

/ˌθaɪroʊˈæn(t)iˌtɑks(ə)n/

an antitoxin developed in thyroid poisoning; trade-name of a thyroid preparation used as a therapeutic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for thyroid conditions

thyro-antitoxin1895

thiouracil1905

propylthiouracil1914

methylthiouracil1944

methimazole1951

thiamazole1971

1895 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Dec. 1/3 Dr. Fränkel, of Vienna,..has named it provisionally thyreo-antitoxin. [He] states..that it will be possible to administer it clinically without the risk of ptomaine poisoning.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 57 Fränkel has succeeded in separating a basic product from the thyroid (thyreo-antitoxin).

1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyro-antitoxin.

thyrocalcitonin n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)kalsᵻˈtəʊnɪn/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌkælsəˈtoʊnən/

a polypeptide hormone secreted by the thyroid gland which reduces the levels of calcium in the blood; also called calcitonin.

ΚΠ

1963 P. F. Hirsch et al. in Endocrinology LXXIII. 252/2 Whether or not the thyroid hypocalcemic agent that we have demonstrated is the same as..calcitonin..it is of considerable pharmacological interest. As a tentative name for the substance we propose ‘thyrocalcitonin’.

1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xiii. 311 The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland produce quite a different hormone, called calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin.

thyrocele n.

Brit.

/ˈθʌɪrə(ʊ)siːl/

U.S.

/ˈθaɪrəˌsil/

a tumour of the thyroid gland; goitre. [After scientific Latin thyrocele (1812 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > goitre

wen1530

strume1559

struma1565

Bavarian poke1621

goitre1625

bronchocele1657

throat rupture1662

strumosity1674

Derby neck1769

Derbyshire neck1802

tracheocele1828

Graves's disease1868

thyrocele1886

strumitis1889

1886 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. III. 350/1 Goitre..Thyreocele (P. Frank).

thyrocolloid n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɔɪd/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈkɑˌlɔɪd/

the colloid matter of the thyroid gland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > other secretions > [noun]

colloid1849

thyrocolloid1909

autacoid1914

1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyrocele, Thyrocolloid.

thyrogenic adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈdʒɛnɪk/

= thyrogenous adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

thyroidean1860

thyrogenic1887

thyrogenous1909

1887 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. V. 143 Thyrogenic.

thyrogenous adj.

Brit.

/θʌɪˈrɒdʒᵻnəs/

U.S.

/θaɪˈrɑdʒənəs/

see quot. 1909.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

thyroidean1860

thyrogenic1887

thyrogenous1909

1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyrogenous,..originating in the thyroid gland.

thyroglobulin n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒbjᵿlɪn/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈɡlɑbjələn/

(also thyreoˈglobulin) the essential albuminous principle of the thyroid gland, an iodized principle, which forms, together with another albuminous substance belonging to the nucleo-proteins, the colloid substance of the gland.

ΚΠ

1908 T. C. Allbutt Syst. Med. IV. i. 325 Other bodies..have been separated from the gland,..among these may be mentioned Oswald's iodine-free thyreo-globulin.

1911 J. A. Mandel tr. O. Hammarsten Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6) 356 It seems proven that the specifically active substance is..a protein substance: Notkin's thyreoproteid, Oswald's thyreoglobulin.

thyroglossal adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒsl/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈɡlɔs(ə)l/

/ˌθaɪrəˈɡlɑs(ə)l/

in thyroˈglossal duct, a duct of the embryo extending from the thyroid to the base of the tongue.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > mouth or epiglottis

prestomium1870

prostomium1870

furcula1887

thyroglossal duct1909

1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyroglossal duct.

thyro-iodine n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrəʊˈʌɪədiːn/

/ˌθʌɪrəʊˈʌɪədʌɪn/

/ˌθʌɪrəʊˈʌɪədᵻn/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˈaɪəˌdaɪn/

a substance containing iodine, obtained by decomposition of thyroglobulin, which has been thought to be the active principle of the gland: now more usually called iodoˈthyrin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > hormone > [noun] > other hormones

thyro-iodine1896

parathormone1925

parathyroid hormone1925

oestrin1926

oestrogen1927

relaxin1930

theelin1930

prolan1931

galactin1932

inhibin1932

prolactin1932

oestriol1933

oestrone1933

oestradiol1934

adrenocorticotrophin1943

pancreozymin1943

ADH1945

adrenocorticotropin1945

cortisone1949

mineralocorticoid1950

electrocortin1953

aldosterone1954

angiotensin1958

melatonin1958

calcitonin1961

zeranol1971

amylin1988

adiponectin1999

adipokine2001

1896 Daily News 30 Apr. 8/7 Professor Baumann and Dr. Roos..find that the active principle [of the thyroid gland] is a substance named ‘Thyro-iodin’.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 469 The sheep's thyroid is relatively rich in thyro-iodine.

1903 Cushing Text-bk. Pharmacol. 715 Iodothyrin was at first named thyroiodin, but this was liable to be confused with thyreoidin, a term used to indicate the simple extract of the gland.

thyrolingual adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈlɪŋɡw(ə)l/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈlɪŋɡwəl/

= thyroglossal adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat

cricoid1657

cricoidal1698

arytenoid1728

cricothyroid1740

cricoarytenoid1754

thyroidal1827

thyroid1828

epiglottidean1840

thyro-epiglottic1844

thyro-arytenoid1855

thyroidean1860

thyropharyngean1860

arytenoidal1872

thyropalatine1872

epiglottic1887

thyrolingual1896

thyro-epiglottidean1901

post-cricoid1907

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > tongue

lingual1650

thyrolingual1896

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 206 The thyro~lingual duct.

thyrolytic adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈlɪtɪk/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈlɪdɪk/

destructive of thyroid tissue.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > goitre > destructive to thyroid

thyrolytic1889

1889 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sc. App. 539 Thyrolytic.

thyroparathyroidectomize v.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)parəθʌɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmʌɪz/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌpɛrəˌθaɪrɔɪˈdɛktəˌmaɪz/

transitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > perform operation on specific part or condition [verb (transitive)] > operations on glands of throat or neck

thymectomize1909

parathyroidectomize1922

thyroidectomize1932

thyroparathyroidectomize1956

1956 Nature 21 Jan. 138/1 Six animals were adrenalectomized..: the remaining six were thyroparathyroidectomized.

1976 H. Campion et al. in B. E. C. Nordin Calcium, Phosphate & Magnesium Metabolism xii. 466 Thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats had their serum phosphate levels manipulated by dietary means.

thyroparathyroidectomized adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)parəθʌɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmʌɪzd/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌpɛrəˌθaɪrɔɪˈdɛktəˌmaɪzd/

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > patient > [adjective] > having undergone specific operations or treatments

transfused1652

necropsied1919

sympathectomized1928

thyroparathyroidectomized1932

lobotomized1943

leucotomized1951

vegetablized1974

1932 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 100 262 (heading) Heterotopic bone formation in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs.

thyroparathyroidectomy n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)parəθʌɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmi/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌpɛrəˌθaɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmi/

excision of both the thyroid and the parathyroids.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth

adenotomy1777

tonsillotomy1876

thyrotomy1880

thyroidectomy1889

thyroidotomy1890

parotidectomy1893

adenoidectomy1899

parathyroidectomy1899

tonsillectomy1899

thymectomy1905

thyrochondrotomy1911

adenotonsillectomy1916

thyroparathyroidectomy1920

T. & A.1942

1920 Nature 9 Dec. 488/2 The effect of thyroid-feeding and of thyroparathyroidectomy upon the pituitrin content of the posterior lobe of the pituitary.

1956 Nature 21 Jan. 138/1 The effect of thyro-parathyroidectomy on the blood changes induced by injected cortisone..has been studied.

thyroproteid n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈprəʊtɪɪd/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈproʊdiəd/

= thyroprotein n.

ΚΠ

† thyroˈprotein n. Obsolete the specific protein of the thyroid gland.

ΚΠ

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 57 Notkin isolated a substance from the thyroid (thyreo-protein).

1911 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 6) (at cited word) It is probably one of the functions of the thyroid to produce a ferment which neutralizes the toxic effect of an accumulation of thyroprotein in the body.

thyrotherapy n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈθɛrəpi/

/ˌθaɪroʊˈθɛrəpi/

treatment of disease by a preparation of the thyroid glands of sheep.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > treatment with specific substances > organotherapy

organotherapy1896

opotherapy1897

organotherapeutics1899

thyrotherapy1907

1907 Med. Record 5 Oct. 584 He regretted that thyrotherapy had been neglected in the treatment of skin diseases.

thyrotoxic adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪk/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈtɑksɪk/

see quot. 1909².

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > goitre > other thyroid gland disorders

myxoedematous1886

myxoedemic1896

thyrotoxic1904

1904 Nature 18 Feb. 375 Thyrotoxic.

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Thyreotoxic.

1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyrotoxic,..marked by toxic activity of the thyroid gland.

thyrotoxicosis n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)tɒksᵻˈkəʊsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪroʊˌtɑksəˈkoʊsəs/

a disorder in which there is an excessive amount of thyroid hormones in the blood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > hormonal disorders

hyperthyroidism1900

hypothyroidism1905

hyperpituitarism1909

hypopituitarism1909

hypoparathyroidism1910

thyrotoxicosis1911

hyperparathyroidism1917

hypogonadism1918

Cushing's disease1934

Cushing's syndrome1934

panhypopituitarism1941

pseudohypoparathyroidism1942

Sheehan's syndrome1950

Stein–Leventhal syndrome1950

pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism1952

aldosteronism1954

hyperaldosteronism1955

Albright's dystrophy1957

Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy1962

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > excess of other substances

hyperinosis1845

uricaemia1866

acetonaemia1874

hyperalbuminosis1876

chloraemia1890

acidaemia1891

hypercholesteraemia1894

hyperglycaemia1894

hyperlipaemia1894

hyperuricaemia1894

lymphocytosis1896

urataemia1897

acidosis1900

basophilia1905

mononucleosis1907

hypercapnia1908

thrombocytosis1909

thyrotoxicosis1911

monocytosis1914

hypercholesterolaemia1916

hyperparathyroidism1917

ketonaemia1917

lymphocytoma1920

hyperchloraemia1921

alkalaemia1922

hyperproteinaemia1922

reticulosis1922

hyperbilirubinaemia1923

hyperinsulinaemia1924

hypercalcaemia1925

hyperphosphataemia1926

reticulocytosis1926

hypernatraemia1932

hyperpotassaemia1932

thrombocythaemia1932

hypermagnesaemia1933

hyperglobulinaemia1936

granulocytosis1937

myeloblastosis1937

hypergammaglobulinaemia1947

hyperkalaemia1949

macroglobulinaemia1949

aldosteronism1954

Waldenström1961

mono1964

tyrosinaemia1965

methylmalonic acidaemia1969

1911 T. L. Stedman Pract. Med. Dict. 887/1 Thyrotoxicosis, exophthalmic goiter.

1912 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 Aug. 328/1 A patient 23 years of age having an adenoma has a definite fixed chance of developing thyrotoxicosis during her thirty-seventh year.

1977 Lancet 27 Aug. 438/2 Simpson hypothesised an autoimmune basis for myasthenia gravis on account of its association with disorders thought to have an autoimmune ætiology—such as..thyrotoxicosis.

thyrotoxin n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈtɑks(ə)n/

see quot. 1911.

ΚΠ

1911 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 6) Thyrotoxin, a cytotoxin specific for thyroid tissue.

thyrotropic adj.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈtrɑpɪk/

/ˌθaɪrəˈtroʊpɪk/

(also thyroˈtrophic, †thyreoˈtropic, †thyreoˈtrophic) applied to a hormone secreted by the pituitary which regulates the activity of the thyroid gland.

ΚΠ

1930 Crew & Wiesner in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Apr. 777/1 (heading) On the existence of a fourth hormone, thyreotropic in nature, of the anterior pituitary.

1957 New Biol. 23 117 The pituitary gland exerts some control over the thyroid gland, as it secretes a ‘thyrotropic’ hormone.

1965 J. Lee & F. Knowles Animal Hormones ii. 21 Adrenocorticotrophic hormone..and thyrotrophic hormone..are also secreted by the adenohypophysis.

thyrotropin n.

Brit.

/ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪn/

U.S.

/ˌθaɪrəˈtroʊpən/

(also thyroˈtrophin) thyrotropic hormone; thyrotrop(h)in-releasing factor, thyrotrop(h)in-releasing hormone, a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates the release of thyrotropin from the pituitary.

ΚΠ

1944 Hackh's Chem. Dict. (ed. 3) 856/2 Thyrotrophin.

1952 New Biol. 13 65 Activity of the thyroid is maintained by the stimulus of a hormone, thyrotropin.

1959 K. Shibusawa et al. in Endocrinologica Japonica 6 31 We found a thyroid stimulating neurohumor in the hypothalamus... It was provisionally designated by us as TRF (Thyrotropin Releasing Factor).

1968 A. V. Schally et al. in Rec. Progr. Hormone Res. XXIV. 449 (table) Present name... Thyrotropin-releasing factor. TRF... Proposed name... Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. TRH.

1976 Nature 8 Apr. 480/2 The α subunit of HCG..is nearly identical to the α subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)..and luteinising hormone.

1980 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Mar. 895/1 Two patients..had impaired responses of serum thyroid stimulating hormone to thyrotrophin releasing hormone.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	thyro-
释义	thyro-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin thyro-. Etymology: < post-classical Latin thyro- (in thyroides thyroid adj.). Compare thyreo- comb. form.Compare French thyro- . Ancient Greek θυρο- is used as a combining form only in the sense ‘door’ ( < θύρα door n.). Used as a combining form of thyroid adj. and n., in reference to the thyroid cartilage or the thyroid gland. 1. In reference to the thyroid cartilage. thyro-arytenoid adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrəʊarᵻˈtiːnɔɪd/ , /ˌθʌɪrəʊəˈrɪtənɔɪd/ , /ˌθʌɪrəʊəˈrɪtn̩ɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊəˈrɪtnˌɔɪd/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˌɛrəˈtiˌnɔɪd/ (rarely thyreo-arytenoid) pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx; thyro-arytenoid ligaments or thyro-arytenoid folds, the vocal cords; thyro-arytenoid muscles, a pair of muscles which relax the vocal cords; also as noun = t. muscle. [After post-classical Latin thyroarytaenoides (1645 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of throat stylopharyngeus1684 cricoarytenoid1827 thyro-arytenoid1855 cricothyroid1857 sternohyoid1873 thyro-cricoid1901 the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat cricoid1657 cricoidal1698 arytenoid1728 cricothyroid1740 cricoarytenoid1754 thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 epiglottidean1840 thyro-epiglottic1844 thyro-arytenoid1855 thyroidean1860 thyropharyngean1860 arytenoidal1872 thyropalatine1872 epiglottic1887 thyrolingual1896 thyro-epiglottidean1901 post-cricoid1907 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 281 Thyroarytænoides is a pair of Muscles that proceed from the Cartilage called Scutiformis, and extending themselves forward to the Sides of the Arytænoides..serve to..close the opening of the Larynx.] 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. iv. 301 The..vocal cords..are two bands..attached in front to..the depression between the wings of the thyroid cartilage, and behind to the arytenoid cartilages; from this connexion they are called thyro-arytenoid ligaments. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 818 The laryngeal muscles chiefly involved have been the internal thyro-arytenoids. thyrochondrotomy n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)kɒnˈdrɒtəmi/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌkɑnˈdrɑdəmi/ surgical incision of the thyroid cartilage. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth adenotomy1777 tonsillotomy1876 thyrotomy1880 thyroidectomy1889 thyroidotomy1890 parotidectomy1893 adenoidectomy1899 parathyroidectomy1899 tonsillectomy1899 thymectomy1905 thyrochondrotomy1911 adenotonsillectomy1916 thyroparathyroidectomy1920 T. & A.1942 1911 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 6) Thyrochondrotomy. thyro-cricoid adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈkrʌɪkɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈkraɪˌkɔɪd/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˈkraɪˌkɔɪd/ pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and cricoid cartilages; also as n. = thyro-cricoid muscle. [After post-classical Latin thyrocricoides (1632 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of throat stylopharyngeus1684 cricoarytenoid1827 thyro-arytenoid1855 cricothyroid1857 sternohyoid1873 thyro-cricoid1901 1901 Benham in Proc. Zool. Soc. 2 Apr. 286 This longitudinal muscle is topographically a ‘thyro-cricoid’. thyro-cricotomy n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)krʌɪˈkɒtəmi/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˌkraɪˈkɑdəmi/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˌkraɪˈkɑdəmi/ see quot. 1899. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on the throat laryngotomy1661 bronchotomy1706 tracheotomy1726 pharyngotomy1730 oesophagotomy1811 staphylotomy1853 laryngotracheotomy1879 oesophagostomy1882 uvulatomy1887 laryngectomy1888 pharyngectomy1888 uvulotomy1889 oesophagectomy1892 thyro-cricotomy1899 tracheolaryngotomy1909 tracheostomy1945 1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Thyro-cricotomy, tracheotomy performed through the crico-thyroid membrane alone. thyro-epiglottic adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrəʊɛpᵻˈɡlɒtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌɛpəˈɡlɑdɪk/ (also thyreo-epiglottic) connecting the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis. [Compare scientific Latin thyreoepiglotticus (1753 or earlier), thyroepiglotticus (1772 or earlier), French thyro-épiglottique (1750 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat cricoid1657 cricoidal1698 arytenoid1728 cricothyroid1740 cricoarytenoid1754 thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 epiglottidean1840 thyro-epiglottic1844 thyro-arytenoid1855 thyroidean1860 thyropharyngean1860 arytenoidal1872 thyropalatine1872 epiglottic1887 thyrolingual1896 thyro-epiglottidean1901 post-cricoid1907 1844 R. Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 4) Thyreo-epiglottic, Sabatier and Santorini have given this name to the outer portion of the thyro-arytenoid muscle; because it passes from the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the epiglottis. 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Thyro-epiglottic ligament... Thyro-epiglottic muscle. thyro-epiglottidean adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrəʊɛpᵻɡlɒˈtɪdɪən/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌɛpəɡlɑˈtɪdiən/ [After scientific Latin thyro-epiglottidaeus (1724 or earlier), thyreo-epiglottidaeus (1751 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat cricoid1657 cricoidal1698 arytenoid1728 cricothyroid1740 cricoarytenoid1754 thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 epiglottidean1840 thyro-epiglottic1844 thyro-arytenoid1855 thyroidean1860 thyropharyngean1860 arytenoidal1872 thyropalatine1872 epiglottic1887 thyrolingual1896 thyro-epiglottidean1901 post-cricoid1907 1901 Benham in Proc. Zool. Soc. 2 Apr. 286 The thyro-epiglottidean muscle..is also a conspicuous constituent in the ventral region of the larynx. thyro-hyal adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪəl/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈhaɪəl/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˈhaɪəl/ = thyro-hyoid adj. and n.; usually as n., applied to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone in mammals, or to each of the long horns of the same bone in birds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > bones > [noun] > hyoid or palatine thyro-hyal1854 urohyal1888 transpalatine1891 the world > animals > birds > bones > [adjective] > of hyoid thyro-hyoid1831 urohyal1835 thyro-hyal1854 the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > parts of > other parts paxwaxa1325 testis1681 leaf1819 Harderian gland1822 fair-hair1825 ovarian follicle1834 Graafian follicle1841 thyro-hyal1854 Gartner's canal1874 admaxillary1896 baculum1939 the world > animals > mammals > [adjective] > of parts of > thyro-hyal thyro-hyoid1831 thyro-hyal1854 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 209 The basihyal has..coalesced with the thyrohyals to form a broad cartilaginous plate. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 134 The thyro-hyal muscle. thyro-hyoid adj. and n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈhaɪˌɔɪd/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˈhaɪˌɔɪd/ (a) adj. pertaining to or connecting the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone; (b) n. = thyro-hyoid muscle. [After scientific Latin thyreohyoides (1708 or earlier), thyro-hyoides (1746 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > bones > [adjective] > of hyoid thyro-hyoid1831 urohyal1835 thyro-hyal1854 the world > animals > mammals > [adjective] > of parts of > thyro-hyal thyro-hyoid1831 thyro-hyal1854 1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 82 The digastric and thyro-hyoid muscles. thyro-hyoidean adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrəʊhʌɪˈɔɪdɪən/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌhaɪˈɔɪdiən/ [After scientific Latin thyro-hyoideus (1763 or earlier), thyreo-hyoideus (1784 or earlier).] thyropalatine adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈpalətʌɪn/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈpæləˌtaɪn/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˈpæləˌtaɪn/ (also thyreopalatine) connecting the thyroid cartilage and the palate: applied to part of the palato-pharyngeus muscle. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat cricoid1657 cricoidal1698 arytenoid1728 cricothyroid1740 cricoarytenoid1754 thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 epiglottidean1840 thyro-epiglottic1844 thyro-arytenoid1855 thyroidean1860 thyropharyngean1860 arytenoidal1872 thyropalatine1872 epiglottic1887 thyrolingual1896 thyro-epiglottidean1901 post-cricoid1907 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > palate palatical1654 palatine1656 palatial1707 palatal1786 palatic1823 pharyngopalatine1843 palatoglossal1850 palatopharyngeal1850 prepalatal1853 thyropalatine1872 palato-alveolar1884 transpalatine1891 uranic1898 1872 J. S. Cohen Dis. Throat 134 The thyreo-palatine portion of the muscle. 1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Thyro-palatine. thyropharyngean adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪən/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊfəˈrɪndʒiən/ (also thyreopharyngean) connecting the thyroid cartilage and the pharynx (see quot. 1844). [After scientific Latin thyropharyngeus (1704 or earlier), thyreopharyngeus (1734 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [adjective] > pharynx pharyngeal1754 pharyngal1756 pharyngic1822 pharyngopalatine1843 retropharyngeal1843 pharyngolaryngeal1848 postpharyngeal1860 thyropharyngean1860 the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat cricoid1657 cricoidal1698 arytenoid1728 cricothyroid1740 cricoarytenoid1754 thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 epiglottidean1840 thyro-epiglottic1844 thyro-arytenoid1855 thyroidean1860 thyropharyngean1860 arytenoidal1872 thyropalatine1872 epiglottic1887 thyrolingual1896 thyro-epiglottidean1901 post-cricoid1907 1844 R. Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 4) Thyro-pharyngeus, Thyreo-pharyngeus, the portion of the constrictor pharyngis inferior, which is attached to the thyroid cartilage.] 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Thyreopharyngeus,..applied to the middle portion of the constrictor pharyngis inferior muscle: thyreopharyngean. thyrotomy n. Brit. /θʌɪˈrɒtəmi/ , U.S. /θaɪˈrɑdəmi/ (also thyreotomy) incision or division of the thyroid cartilage. [Compare French thyrotomie (1833 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth adenotomy1777 tonsillotomy1876 thyrotomy1880 thyroidectomy1889 thyroidotomy1890 parotidectomy1893 adenoidectomy1899 parathyroidectomy1899 tonsillectomy1899 thymectomy1905 thyrochondrotomy1911 adenotonsillectomy1916 thyroparathyroidectomy1920 T. & A.1942 1880 M. Mackenzie Man. Dis. Throat & Nose I. 331 Thyrotomy should never be undertaken until removal by the endolaryngeal method has been first attempted. 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II Thyreotomy... Thyrotomy, section of the thyroid cartilage. 1899 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Thyreotomy, division of the thyroid cartilage for exploratory purposes. 2. In reference to the thyroid gland. (Often thyreo-.) thyro-antitoxin n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrəʊantɪˈtɒksɪn/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌæn(t)əˈtɑks(ə)n/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˌæn(t)iˈtɑks(ə)n/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˈæn(t)əˌtɑks(ə)n/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˈæn(t)iˌtɑks(ə)n/ an antitoxin developed in thyroid poisoning; trade-name of a thyroid preparation used as a therapeutic. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for thyroid conditions thyro-antitoxin1895 thiouracil1905 propylthiouracil1914 methylthiouracil1944 methimazole1951 thiamazole1971 1895 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Dec. 1/3 Dr. Fränkel, of Vienna,..has named it provisionally thyreo-antitoxin. [He] states..that it will be possible to administer it clinically without the risk of ptomaine poisoning. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 57 Fränkel has succeeded in separating a basic product from the thyroid (thyreo-antitoxin). 1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyro-antitoxin. thyrocalcitonin n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)kalsᵻˈtəʊnɪn/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌkælsəˈtoʊnən/ a polypeptide hormone secreted by the thyroid gland which reduces the levels of calcium in the blood; also called calcitonin. ΚΠ 1963 P. F. Hirsch et al. in Endocrinology LXXIII. 252/2 Whether or not the thyroid hypocalcemic agent that we have demonstrated is the same as..calcitonin..it is of considerable pharmacological interest. As a tentative name for the substance we propose ‘thyrocalcitonin’. 1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xiii. 311 The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland produce quite a different hormone, called calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin. thyrocele n. Brit. /ˈθʌɪrə(ʊ)siːl/ , U.S. /ˈθaɪrəˌsil/ a tumour of the thyroid gland; goitre. [After scientific Latin thyrocele (1812 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > goitre wen1530 strume1559 struma1565 Bavarian poke1621 goitre1625 bronchocele1657 throat rupture1662 strumosity1674 Derby neck1769 Derbyshire neck1802 tracheocele1828 Graves's disease1868 thyrocele1886 strumitis1889 1886 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. III. 350/1 Goitre..Thyreocele (P. Frank). thyrocolloid n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈkɑˌlɔɪd/ the colloid matter of the thyroid gland. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > other secretions > [noun] colloid1849 thyrocolloid1909 autacoid1914 1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyrocele, Thyrocolloid. thyrogenic adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈdʒɛnɪk/ = thyrogenous adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 thyroidean1860 thyrogenic1887 thyrogenous1909 1887 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. V. 143 Thyrogenic. thyrogenous adj. Brit. /θʌɪˈrɒdʒᵻnəs/ , U.S. /θaɪˈrɑdʒənəs/ see quot. 1909. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 thyroidean1860 thyrogenic1887 thyrogenous1909 1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyrogenous,..originating in the thyroid gland. thyroglobulin n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒbjᵿlɪn/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈɡlɑbjələn/ (also thyreoˈglobulin) the essential albuminous principle of the thyroid gland, an iodized principle, which forms, together with another albuminous substance belonging to the nucleo-proteins, the colloid substance of the gland. ΚΠ 1908 T. C. Allbutt Syst. Med. IV. i. 325 Other bodies..have been separated from the gland,..among these may be mentioned Oswald's iodine-free thyreo-globulin. 1911 J. A. Mandel tr. O. Hammarsten Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6) 356 It seems proven that the specifically active substance is..a protein substance: Notkin's thyreoproteid, Oswald's thyreoglobulin. thyroglossal adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒsl/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈɡlɔs(ə)l/ , /ˌθaɪrəˈɡlɑs(ə)l/ in thyroˈglossal duct, a duct of the embryo extending from the thyroid to the base of the tongue. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > mouth or epiglottis prestomium1870 prostomium1870 furcula1887 thyroglossal duct1909 1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyroglossal duct. thyro-iodine n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrəʊˈʌɪədiːn/ , /ˌθʌɪrəʊˈʌɪədʌɪn/ , /ˌθʌɪrəʊˈʌɪədᵻn/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˈaɪəˌdaɪn/ a substance containing iodine, obtained by decomposition of thyroglobulin, which has been thought to be the active principle of the gland: now more usually called iodoˈthyrin. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > hormone > [noun] > other hormones thyro-iodine1896 parathormone1925 parathyroid hormone1925 oestrin1926 oestrogen1927 relaxin1930 theelin1930 prolan1931 galactin1932 inhibin1932 prolactin1932 oestriol1933 oestrone1933 oestradiol1934 adrenocorticotrophin1943 pancreozymin1943 ADH1945 adrenocorticotropin1945 cortisone1949 mineralocorticoid1950 electrocortin1953 aldosterone1954 angiotensin1958 melatonin1958 calcitonin1961 zeranol1971 amylin1988 adiponectin1999 adipokine2001 1896 Daily News 30 Apr. 8/7 Professor Baumann and Dr. Roos..find that the active principle [of the thyroid gland] is a substance named ‘Thyro-iodin’. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 469 The sheep's thyroid is relatively rich in thyro-iodine. 1903 Cushing Text-bk. Pharmacol. 715 Iodothyrin was at first named thyroiodin, but this was liable to be confused with thyreoidin, a term used to indicate the simple extract of the gland. thyrolingual adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈlɪŋɡw(ə)l/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈlɪŋɡwəl/ = thyroglossal adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat cricoid1657 cricoidal1698 arytenoid1728 cricothyroid1740 cricoarytenoid1754 thyroidal1827 thyroid1828 epiglottidean1840 thyro-epiglottic1844 thyro-arytenoid1855 thyroidean1860 thyropharyngean1860 arytenoidal1872 thyropalatine1872 epiglottic1887 thyrolingual1896 thyro-epiglottidean1901 post-cricoid1907 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > tongue lingual1650 thyrolingual1896 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 206 The thyro~lingual duct. thyrolytic adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈlɪtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈlɪdɪk/ destructive of thyroid tissue. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > goitre > destructive to thyroid thyrolytic1889 1889 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sc. App. 539 Thyrolytic. thyroparathyroidectomize v. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)parəθʌɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmʌɪz/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌpɛrəˌθaɪrɔɪˈdɛktəˌmaɪz/ transitive. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > perform operation on specific part or condition [verb (transitive)] > operations on glands of throat or neck thymectomize1909 parathyroidectomize1922 thyroidectomize1932 thyroparathyroidectomize1956 1956 Nature 21 Jan. 138/1 Six animals were adrenalectomized..: the remaining six were thyroparathyroidectomized. 1976 H. Campion et al. in B. E. C. Nordin Calcium, Phosphate & Magnesium Metabolism xii. 466 Thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats had their serum phosphate levels manipulated by dietary means. thyroparathyroidectomized adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)parəθʌɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmʌɪzd/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌpɛrəˌθaɪrɔɪˈdɛktəˌmaɪzd/ ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > patient > [adjective] > having undergone specific operations or treatments transfused1652 necropsied1919 sympathectomized1928 thyroparathyroidectomized1932 lobotomized1943 leucotomized1951 vegetablized1974 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 100 262 (heading) Heterotopic bone formation in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs. thyroparathyroidectomy n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)parəθʌɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmi/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌpɛrəˌθaɪrɔɪˈdɛktəmi/ excision of both the thyroid and the parathyroids. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on glands of the throat or mouth adenotomy1777 tonsillotomy1876 thyrotomy1880 thyroidectomy1889 thyroidotomy1890 parotidectomy1893 adenoidectomy1899 parathyroidectomy1899 tonsillectomy1899 thymectomy1905 thyrochondrotomy1911 adenotonsillectomy1916 thyroparathyroidectomy1920 T. & A.1942 1920 Nature 9 Dec. 488/2 The effect of thyroid-feeding and of thyroparathyroidectomy upon the pituitrin content of the posterior lobe of the pituitary. 1956 Nature 21 Jan. 138/1 The effect of thyro-parathyroidectomy on the blood changes induced by injected cortisone..has been studied. thyroproteid n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈprəʊtɪɪd/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈproʊdiəd/ = thyroprotein n. ΚΠ 1911 J. A. Mandel tr. O. Hammarsten Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6) 356 It seems proven that the specifically active substance is..a protein substance: Notkin's thyreoproteid, Oswald's thyreoglobulin. † thyroˈprotein n. Obsolete the specific protein of the thyroid gland. ΚΠ 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 57 Notkin isolated a substance from the thyroid (thyreo-protein). 1911 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 6) (at cited word) It is probably one of the functions of the thyroid to produce a ferment which neutralizes the toxic effect of an accumulation of thyroprotein in the body. thyrotherapy n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈθɛrəpi/ , /ˌθaɪroʊˈθɛrəpi/ treatment of disease by a preparation of the thyroid glands of sheep. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > treatment with specific substances > organotherapy organotherapy1896 opotherapy1897 organotherapeutics1899 thyrotherapy1907 1907 Med. Record 5 Oct. 584 He regretted that thyrotherapy had been neglected in the treatment of skin diseases. thyrotoxic adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪk/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈtɑksɪk/ see quot. 1909². ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > goitre > other thyroid gland disorders myxoedematous1886 myxoedemic1896 thyrotoxic1904 1904 Nature 18 Feb. 375 Thyrotoxic. 1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Thyreotoxic. 1909 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 5) Thyrotoxic,..marked by toxic activity of the thyroid gland. thyrotoxicosis n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)tɒksᵻˈkəʊsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪroʊˌtɑksəˈkoʊsəs/ a disorder in which there is an excessive amount of thyroid hormones in the blood. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > hormonal disorders hyperthyroidism1900 hypothyroidism1905 hyperpituitarism1909 hypopituitarism1909 hypoparathyroidism1910 thyrotoxicosis1911 hyperparathyroidism1917 hypogonadism1918 Cushing's disease1934 Cushing's syndrome1934 panhypopituitarism1941 pseudohypoparathyroidism1942 Sheehan's syndrome1950 Stein–Leventhal syndrome1950 pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism1952 aldosteronism1954 hyperaldosteronism1955 Albright's dystrophy1957 Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy1962 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > excess of other substances hyperinosis1845 uricaemia1866 acetonaemia1874 hyperalbuminosis1876 chloraemia1890 acidaemia1891 hypercholesteraemia1894 hyperglycaemia1894 hyperlipaemia1894 hyperuricaemia1894 lymphocytosis1896 urataemia1897 acidosis1900 basophilia1905 mononucleosis1907 hypercapnia1908 thrombocytosis1909 thyrotoxicosis1911 monocytosis1914 hypercholesterolaemia1916 hyperparathyroidism1917 ketonaemia1917 lymphocytoma1920 hyperchloraemia1921 alkalaemia1922 hyperproteinaemia1922 reticulosis1922 hyperbilirubinaemia1923 hyperinsulinaemia1924 hypercalcaemia1925 hyperphosphataemia1926 reticulocytosis1926 hypernatraemia1932 hyperpotassaemia1932 thrombocythaemia1932 hypermagnesaemia1933 hyperglobulinaemia1936 granulocytosis1937 myeloblastosis1937 hypergammaglobulinaemia1947 hyperkalaemia1949 macroglobulinaemia1949 aldosteronism1954 Waldenström1961 mono1964 tyrosinaemia1965 methylmalonic acidaemia1969 1911 T. L. Stedman Pract. Med. Dict. 887/1 Thyrotoxicosis, exophthalmic goiter. 1912 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 Aug. 328/1 A patient 23 years of age having an adenoma has a definite fixed chance of developing thyrotoxicosis during her thirty-seventh year. 1977 Lancet 27 Aug. 438/2 Simpson hypothesised an autoimmune basis for myasthenia gravis on account of its association with disorders thought to have an autoimmune ætiology—such as..thyrotoxicosis. thyrotoxin n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtɒksɪn/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈtɑks(ə)n/ see quot. 1911. ΚΠ 1911 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 6) Thyrotoxin, a cytotoxin specific for thyroid tissue. thyrotropic adj. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/ , /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈtrɑpɪk/ , /ˌθaɪrəˈtroʊpɪk/ (also thyroˈtrophic, †thyreoˈtropic, †thyreoˈtrophic) applied to a hormone secreted by the pituitary which regulates the activity of the thyroid gland. ΚΠ 1930 Crew & Wiesner in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Apr. 777/1 (heading) On the existence of a fourth hormone, thyreotropic in nature, of the anterior pituitary. 1957 New Biol. 23 117 The pituitary gland exerts some control over the thyroid gland, as it secretes a ‘thyrotropic’ hormone. 1965 J. Lee & F. Knowles Animal Hormones ii. 21 Adrenocorticotrophic hormone..and thyrotrophic hormone..are also secreted by the adenohypophysis. thyrotropin n. Brit. /ˌθʌɪrə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪn/ , U.S. /ˌθaɪrəˈtroʊpən/ (also thyroˈtrophin) thyrotropic hormone; thyrotrop(h)in-releasing factor, thyrotrop(h)in-releasing hormone, a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates the release of thyrotropin from the pituitary. ΚΠ 1944 Hackh's Chem. Dict. (ed. 3) 856/2 Thyrotrophin. 1952 New Biol. 13 65 Activity of the thyroid is maintained by the stimulus of a hormone, thyrotropin. 1959 K. Shibusawa et al. in Endocrinologica Japonica 6 31 We found a thyroid stimulating neurohumor in the hypothalamus... It was provisionally designated by us as TRF (Thyrotropin Releasing Factor). 1968 A. V. Schally et al. in Rec. Progr. Hormone Res. XXIV. 449 (table) Present name... Thyrotropin-releasing factor. TRF... Proposed name... Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. TRH. 1976 Nature 8 Apr. 480/2 The α subunit of HCG..is nearly identical to the α subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)..and luteinising hormone. 1980 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Mar. 895/1 Two patients..had impaired responses of serum thyroid stimulating hormone to thyrotrophin releasing hormone. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1831
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