timorousadj.

/ˈtɪmərəs/

Forms: α. Middle English–1500s tymerous(e, (Middle English tumerous), 1500s–1700s timerous, (1500s timerouse). (β. 1500s temerous.) γ. Middle English–1500s timorouse, 1500s tymorous, 1500s–1700s timourous, (1500s timourouse, 1600s timrous, 1600s–1700s tim'rous), 1500s– timorous.

Etymology: = Old French temeros, -ous (14th cent. in Godefroy), later timoureus, timoreux, Old Spanish temeroso, Portuguese temeroso, Italian timoroso, medieval Latin timōrōsus (11th cent. in Du Cange, and probably in late Latin), < Latin timōr-em fear. The existence of the forms timerous , temerous brought this word into formal confusion with temerous adj. rash; whence temerity , properly noun of quality < temerous adj., was also used as derivative of timorous in sense ‘timidity’: see timerity n.

1. Full of or affected by fear (either for the time or habitually); fearful.

a. Feeling fear; frightened, apprehensive, afraid. (Sometimes const. of, or with infinitive or clause.) Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > [adjective]

arghc885

unboldc897

bletheOE

feyOE

frightfula1325

fearedc1330

fearfulc1374

ferdfula1382

palea1393

ferdya1400

ghastful1422

tremblingc1430

timorousc1450

cremeuse1477

craintive1490

cocklea1500

sheepish?1518

awfula1522

meticulousc1540

timidc1550

sheepa1556

tremebundc1560

timorsomec1600

tremulous1611

pigeon-hearteda1625

affrightful1631

formidolous1656

pavid1656

timidous1658

unsupported1694

tender-nosed1700

scary1773

pippin-hearted1809

kitten-hearted1831

funky1835

misventurous1849

milksoppish1852

tender-footed1854

fearsome1863

scare1885

milksoppy1886

milksopping1888

cotton wool1909

c1450 Mankind 805 in Macro Plays 30 He ys so tymerouse; me semyth hys vytall spryt doth expyre.

c1530 Crt. Love 1 With timerous [1561 temerous] herte, and trembling hand of drede.

a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 185 The King's doings..may seem..to have proceeded from a tymerous fearful conscience to offend God.

1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. v. 120 Who cannot be More wretched made by infelicitie, Vnlesse she here had an immortall breath Or liuing thus, liu'd timerous of death.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 37 You have not sinn'd, nor need be timorous.

1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 277 Our Friends are for the most part timerous.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 75. ⁋15 He is now more timorous lest his freedom should be thought rudeness.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxxii. 358 He..was rather timorous of venturing on Joe.

b. Subject to fear; of a fearing disposition; easily frightened; timid. †In early use sometimes in good sense: Modest, reverential.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [adjective]

simplec1300

measurablec1330

methec1390

murec1390

smallc1405

soleinc1450

timorous1474

modest1561

unbragging1570

unboldened1591

unpresuming1607

bragless1609

unambitious1621

boastless1632

unpompous1656

verecundous1656

sober1659

tender-foreheaded1659

unpragmatical1673

unpretending1681

unpresumptuous1704

unimportant1727

unaspiringa1729

inambitious1729

unassuming1730

unostentatiousa1739

unboastful1744

pretensionless1748

unarrogating1748

uncontending1748

unopinionated1775

unboasting1802

underbearing1802

mousy1812

un-ultra1817

unarrogant1831

low-flying1835

unconceited1838

unpretentious1838

uninflated1861

unvain1863

unbumptious1865

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. ii. 32 A Quene ought to be well manerd & amonge alle she ought to be tumerous and shamefast.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. ii. 91 Maysters and maronners on the see..yf they be tumerous and ferdfull they shold make a ferde them that ben in theyr shippis.

?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) ii. x. 189 The grace wherby we may be made humble & tymerous to God.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiii. sig. H.ii^v This faulte of pusillanimitie and timerouse mynd.

1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1358/1 O temerous & weake sely shepe, thynke yt sufficient for thee, onely to walke after me, which am thy shepehearde.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ii. lv. 81 Their own timerous conceits & imaginations.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 3 Animals of the hare kind..are inoffensive and timorous.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 636 Conjunctures such as have often inspired timorous and delicate women with heroic courage.

c. Indicating or proceeding from fear; characterized by timidity. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > [adjective] > indicating or proceeding from fear

fearful1535

timorous1581

timid1634

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 477 b Tymerous feare of men hath straightened it.

1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. S4 The linke of wofull wretchednes maketh his death timerous and fearfull by his leaud life.

1648 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple (ed. 2) 109 The timerous light of starres.

1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 93 There is the timorous objection: the Ship may founder by springing a Leak.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xxvi. 48 I shall proceed with doubtful and timorous steps.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. iii. 66 His troops murmured at this timorous policy.

†2. Causing fear or dread; dreadful, terrible. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adjective]

eislichc888

eyesfulOE

awfulc1175

smarta1200

ferlya1225

sternc1275

grisea1300

uglya1300

dreadfula1325

fell?c1335

stout1338

perilousc1380

terriblec1400

ghastfulc1449

timorous1455

epouventable1477

bedreadc1485

dreadablec1490

dreadc1540

buggisha1555

dreaded1556

monster-like1561

dire1567

scareful1567

terrifying1577

scary1582

direful1583

affrighting1592

dismal1594

affrightful1603

diral1606

tirable1607

frighting1619

scaring1641

affrighteninga1651

formidolous1656

terrific1667

terrifical1677

atrocious1733

terrorful1789

orful1845

lurid1850

terrorsome1890

turble1893

timorsome1894

like the wrath of God1936

1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 281/1 In as rigorous and timorouse manere as the Chirche wol suffre it.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. vii. sig. o.ii^v They set theyr ordinaunce agaynst the towne..timorous for to se.

1608 R. Johnson Seauen Champions 45 I grant thee..by the law of arms to choose thy death, els hadst thou suffered a timorous torment.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 262 Wee came to the most scurrile and timorous Discent of the whole passage.

3. dialect. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1691 J. Ray N. Country Words Timorous, by the Vulgar is here used for furious or passionate.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Timorous, difficult to please, fretful; also, nice, particular in dress.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	timorous
释义	timorousadj. /ˈtɪmərəs/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s tymerous(e, (Middle English tumerous), 1500s–1700s timerous, (1500s timerouse). (β. 1500s temerous.) γ. Middle English–1500s timorouse, 1500s tymorous, 1500s–1700s timourous, (1500s timourouse, 1600s timrous, 1600s–1700s tim'rous), 1500s– timorous. Etymology: = Old French temeros, -ous (14th cent. in Godefroy), later timoureus, timoreux, Old Spanish temeroso, Portuguese temeroso, Italian timoroso, medieval Latin timōrōsus (11th cent. in Du Cange, and probably in late Latin), < Latin timōr-em fear. The existence of the forms timerous , temerous brought this word into formal confusion with temerous adj. rash; whence temerity , properly noun of quality < temerous adj., was also used as derivative of timorous in sense ‘timidity’: see timerity n. 1. Full of or affected by fear (either for the time or habitually); fearful. a. Feeling fear; frightened, apprehensive, afraid. (Sometimes const. of, or with infinitive or clause.) Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > [adjective] arghc885 unboldc897 bletheOE feyOE frightfula1325 fearedc1330 fearfulc1374 ferdfula1382 palea1393 ferdya1400 ghastful1422 tremblingc1430 timorousc1450 cremeuse1477 craintive1490 cocklea1500 sheepish?1518 awfula1522 meticulousc1540 timidc1550 sheepa1556 tremebundc1560 timorsomec1600 tremulous1611 pigeon-hearteda1625 affrightful1631 formidolous1656 pavid1656 timidous1658 unsupported1694 tender-nosed1700 scary1773 pippin-hearted1809 kitten-hearted1831 funky1835 misventurous1849 milksoppish1852 tender-footed1854 fearsome1863 scare1885 milksoppy1886 milksopping1888 cotton wool1909 c1450 Mankind 805 in Macro Plays 30 He ys so tymerouse; me semyth hys vytall spryt doth expyre. c1530 Crt. Love 1 With timerous [1561 temerous] herte, and trembling hand of drede. a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 185 The King's doings..may seem..to have proceeded from a tymerous fearful conscience to offend God. 1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. v. 120 Who cannot be More wretched made by infelicitie, Vnlesse she here had an immortall breath Or liuing thus, liu'd timerous of death. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1633) 37 You have not sinn'd, nor need be timorous. 1706 tr. J. B. Morvan de Bellegarde Refl. upon Ridicule 277 Our Friends are for the most part timerous. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 75. ⁋15 He is now more timorous lest his freedom should be thought rudeness. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxxii. 358 He..was rather timorous of venturing on Joe. b. Subject to fear; of a fearing disposition; easily frightened; timid. †In early use sometimes in good sense: Modest, reverential. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [adjective] simplec1300 measurablec1330 methec1390 murec1390 smallc1405 soleinc1450 timorous1474 modest1561 unbragging1570 unboldened1591 unpresuming1607 bragless1609 unambitious1621 boastless1632 unpompous1656 verecundous1656 sober1659 tender-foreheaded1659 unpragmatical1673 unpretending1681 unpresumptuous1704 unimportant1727 unaspiringa1729 inambitious1729 unassuming1730 unostentatiousa1739 unboastful1744 pretensionless1748 unarrogating1748 uncontending1748 unopinionated1775 unboasting1802 underbearing1802 mousy1812 un-ultra1817 unarrogant1831 low-flying1835 unconceited1838 unpretentious1838 uninflated1861 unvain1863 unbumptious1865 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. ii. 32 A Quene ought to be well manerd & amonge alle she ought to be tumerous and shamefast. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. ii. 91 Maysters and maronners on the see..yf they be tumerous and ferdfull they shold make a ferde them that ben in theyr shippis. ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) ii. x. 189 The grace wherby we may be made humble & tymerous to God. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiii. sig. H.ii^v This faulte of pusillanimitie and timerouse mynd. 1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1358/1 O temerous & weake sely shepe, thynke yt sufficient for thee, onely to walke after me, which am thy shepehearde. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ii. lv. 81 Their own timerous conceits & imaginations. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 3 Animals of the hare kind..are inoffensive and timorous. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 636 Conjunctures such as have often inspired timorous and delicate women with heroic courage. c. Indicating or proceeding from fear; characterized by timidity. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > [adjective] > indicating or proceeding from fear fearful1535 timorous1581 timid1634 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 477 b Tymerous feare of men hath straightened it. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. S4 The linke of wofull wretchednes maketh his death timerous and fearfull by his leaud life. 1648 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple (ed. 2) 109 The timerous light of starres. 1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 93 There is the timorous objection: the Ship may founder by springing a Leak. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xxvi. 48 I shall proceed with doubtful and timorous steps. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. iii. 66 His troops murmured at this timorous policy. †2. Causing fear or dread; dreadful, terrible. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adjective] eislichc888 eyesfulOE awfulc1175 smarta1200 ferlya1225 sternc1275 grisea1300 uglya1300 dreadfula1325 fell?c1335 stout1338 perilousc1380 terriblec1400 ghastfulc1449 timorous1455 epouventable1477 bedreadc1485 dreadablec1490 dreadc1540 buggisha1555 dreaded1556 monster-like1561 dire1567 scareful1567 terrifying1577 scary1582 direful1583 affrighting1592 dismal1594 affrightful1603 diral1606 tirable1607 frighting1619 scaring1641 affrighteninga1651 formidolous1656 terrific1667 terrifical1677 atrocious1733 terrorful1789 orful1845 lurid1850 terrorsome1890 turble1893 timorsome1894 like the wrath of God1936 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 281/1 In as rigorous and timorouse manere as the Chirche wol suffre it. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. vii. sig. o.ii^v They set theyr ordinaunce agaynst the towne..timorous for to se. 1608 R. Johnson Seauen Champions 45 I grant thee..by the law of arms to choose thy death, els hadst thou suffered a timorous torment. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 262 Wee came to the most scurrile and timorous Discent of the whole passage. 3. dialect. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1691 J. Ray N. Country Words Timorous, by the Vulgar is here used for furious or passionate. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Timorous, difficult to please, fretful; also, nice, particular in dress. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1450
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