thugn.adj.

Brit.

/θʌɡ/, U.S.

/θəɡ/

Forms: 1800s– thug; in sense A. 1 also 1800s theg (irregular), 1800s t'hug, 1800s– thag. In sense A. 1 usually with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi ṭhag.

Etymology: < Hindi ṭhag, denoting a member of the society of Thugs in India (see sense A.), specific use of ṭhag robber, deceiver < Sanskrit sthaga cunning, dishonest < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek στέγειν to cover (see thack n.). With the semantic development compare Prakrit ṭhagiya (adjective) cheated. N.E.D. (1912), in reference to sense A. 1, gives the pronunciation as (þɒg, properly t^hɒg) /θʌɡ/, properly /thʌɡ/.

A. n.

1. Usually with capital initial. A member of a society or cult of robbers and murderers in India known for strangling their victims; = Phansigar n. Cf. thuggee n. 2. Now historical.Thugs were known for winning the confidence of travellers, whom they would then murder, especially by strangulation, in a sudden surprise attack, before taking their belongings. They were suppressed under British rule in the 1830s and considered eliminated by the late 19th century. In an influential tradition in the 19th century, they were considered to be devotees of the goddess Kali, killing their victims in a ritually prescribed manner. However, many modern historians have questioned this, as well other aspects of historical accounts of Thugs and their practices.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > man-killer or homicide > [noun] > murderer or assassin > types of

assassin1340

Old Man of the Mountain1579

fedai1723

thug1810

nasty man1863

Jack the Ripper1888

ripper1909

trunk murderer1925

sex killer1935

mass-murderer1943

serial murderer1947

psycho-killer1949

serial killer1967

spree killer1983

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > who attacks and robs

swadder1567

thug1810

Phansigar1813

nooser1816

1810 in Hist. & Pract. Thugs (1837) xxi. 329 It having come to the knowledge of Government, that several Sepoys..have been robbed and murdered by a description of persons denominated ‘Thugs’, who infested the districts of the Dooab and other parts of the Upper Provinces.

1816 J. Shakespear in Asiatick Researches (1820) 13 287 The term ‘Theg’ is usually applied, in the western provinces, to persons who rob and murder travellers on the highways, either by poison, or the application of the cord or knife.

1839 P. M. Taylor Confessions of Thug I. iv. 79 I of course alarmed him..with accounts of the thieves and Thugs on the road.

1906 J. Moses Pathol. Aspects of Relig. ii. 37 The Thug believed he was ‘called’ to be a slayer of men, and piously obeyed his ‘call’.

2018 Indian Express (Nexis) 8 Nov. It was largely the efforts of William Sleeman that led to an institutionalised suppression of the Thugs.

a. A violent or aggressive person, esp. a criminal; a hoodlum.In recent use the term may be considered offensive (esp. in U.S. use when used by a white person in reference to a black person; cf. sense A. 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > ruffianly conduct > ruffian > [noun]

routerc1300

tyrant1377

ruffy?a1513

ruffiana1525

kempy1525

cut-throat1535

slasher1559

cutter1569

hackster1574

hacker1576

cuttle1600

ruffiano1611

bully rook1673

thug1838

Apache1902

ned1910

rough-up1911

goonda1926

hoon1938

messer1942

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force > person

cut-throat1535

club-fist1575

violator1583

club-lawyera1670

thug1838

outrager1840

messer1942

1838 ‘P. Pry’ Oddities London Life II. 198 Johnny Flannagan, the model of a Tipperary ‘Thug’, with a hedgehog-sort of Brutus, came forward.

1883 G. W. Cable in Cent. Mag. June 230/1 A few ‘thugs’ terrorized the city with..beating, stabbing, and shooting.

1895 J. Burns in Westm. Gaz. 17 Jan. 2/1 They even engage ‘knockers-out’, who..belabour and disable voters as they are entering the booths... They are called ‘election Thugs’.

1903 J. R. Buchanan Story of Labor Agitator iv. 146 The dogging of his footsteps by the hired thugs of the railway company.

1967 S. Faessler in Atlantic Monthly Apr. 103/2 The old man ducked for cover.., but not my father. Unarmed he stood up to the thugs, and was cracked over the head for it.

2020 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 7 Sept. 11 (headline) Thug jailed for punching police officer and spitting at another.

b. slang (chiefly U.S.) (originally and chiefly in African-American usage, often in the context of hip-hop or rap music). A member of a street gang or person from a poor urban background who uses crime or violence to try to better his or her situation; a tough, hardened, ruthless person.

ΚΠ

1983 ‘Grandmaster & Melle Mel’ & S. Robinson White Lines (Don't don't do It) (transcribed from song) Gangsters, thugs, and smugglers are thoroughly respected.

1995 ‘2Pac’ Young Niggaz in Me against the World (transcribed from song) This go out to the young thugs, the have-nots.

2015 ‘Sparky Sweets’ Thug Notes 236 He always showin' out to prove he tougher than any otha thug on da block.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or characteristic of a thug (in various senses); that is or resembles a thug.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > characteristic of hooligans or ruffians

ruffian1553

ruffian-like1555

ruffianous1555

ruffianly1561

ruffianish1593

pretty-boy1785

thuggish1848

thug1878

hooliganesque1899

hooliganic1902

thuggy1904

thug-like1941

yobbish1966

thugged out1996

1837 E. Thornton Illustr. Hist. & Pract. Thugs iv. 63 The petition is so entirely accordant with Thug feeling, that no doubt can be entertained as to the sincerity with which it is offered.

1878 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 18 July 5/2 The room [is] chiefly filled by representatives of the ‘thug’ element of New Orleans.

1897 Daily News 22 Sept. 6/4 When the Prince of Wales was in India, a Thug criminal showed him how victims were strangled.

1962 E. Wilson Jrnl. in Sixties: Last Jrnl. (1993) 111 If he should be sent back to Haiti, the present thug regime would murder him.

2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Aug. ii. 23/1 Bhangra was considered too thug, too ghetto, within the Indian community.

Derivatives

ˈthugdom n. the world or domain of thugs; thugs collectively; (also) the state or condition of being a thug.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > [noun]

murderingeOE

murderOE

banec1175

morth gamec1275

morth spellc1275

slaughterc1325

murdermenta1400

murderdom1514

massacre1589

remove1592

assassinate1596

assassinment1602

assassination1610

assassinacy1611

assassinaya1641

removal1655

murderation1715

murdrum1767

thugdom1839

aliicide1868

hatchet job1925

liquidation1925

rubout1927

murder one1966

neutralization1971

1839 T. De Quincey 2nd Paper on Murder in Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 668/2 At length came the toast of the day—Thugdom in all its branches.

1909 N.Y. Star 30 Jan. 13/1 Have the days of thugdom returned to the metropolitan newspaper business?

2017 ‘Charlamagne tha God’ Black Privilege 73 I hadn't graduated into pure thugdom yet, but I wasn't pursuing my potential either.

ˈthuggess n. rare a female thug.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > man-killer or homicide > [noun] > murderer or assassin > types of > woman

thuggess1857

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > who attacks and robs > female

thuggess1857

1857 Househ. Words 14 Nov. 458/1 The victim, another Thuggess, was supposed to be sleeping, when the operation was performed.

2015 @Bill_Bragga 29 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 9 Sept. 2020) Once a thug always a thug, same goes for thuggess lol

ˈthug-like adj. resembling or characteristic of a thug.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > characteristic of hooligans or ruffians

ruffian1553

ruffian-like1555

ruffianous1555

ruffianly1561

ruffianish1593

pretty-boy1785

thuggish1848

thug1878

hooliganesque1899

hooliganic1902

thuggy1904

thug-like1941

yobbish1966

thugged out1996

1840 Age 11 Oct. 324/2 It is a Thug-like organization—cemented by religion—sanguinary in its objects—and powerful in its means!

1941 ‘R. Barr’ in O. Penzler Black Lizard Big Bk. Pulps (2007) 886/2 A thug-like porter was mopping the floor.

2016 Sudbury (Ont.) Daily Star (Nexis) 3 Sept. c10 Little is thuglike about his demeanour. He could pass more for a mild-mannered accountant than a scheming international cocaine trafficker.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

thugv.

Brit.

/θʌɡ/, U.S.

/θəɡ/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: thug n.

Etymology: < thug n. Compare slightly earlier thugging n.

1. transitive and intransitive. Of a Thug (thug n. 1): to rob and murder (a person) by strangling; to practise thuggee (thuggee n. 1) on (a person). Also more generally: to rob (a person) violently; to strangle. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > murder or assassinate [verb (transitive)] > thug

thug1836

1836 W. H. Sleeman Ramaseeana 143 I have Thugged for twenty years.

1837 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 369 If a single civilian or military man had been thugged, thuggee would have been abolished long ago.

1863 J. Birmingham Anglicania 143 Men are thugged and garotted in the streets of London.

1904 A. Castle & E. Castle Rose of World (1905) ix. 199 You know what a mess poor Runkle is making of things out there; I shouldn't like him to be thugged!

2010 H. Schwarz Constructing Criminal Tribe in Colonial India i. 18 His own increasingly strong suggestion..that thugs existed, that they thugged in the nineteenth century.

a. transitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To act or behave like a thug towards (a person or thing); to intimidate, bully, or coerce (a person).Now frequently slang (esp. in African-American use), with reference to thug n. 2b.

ΚΠ

1855 Patriot (St. John, Newfoundland) 23 July If there is one thing stupider than another in this world, it is to suppose that men can be Thugged into virtue.

1897 ‘M. Twain’ Following Equator xxxii. 302 The Union Company had discharged a captain for getting a boat into danger... For thugging a captain costs the company nothing.

1916 Harper's Weekly 25 Mar. 303 It [sc. this story] will explain..the manner in which the Madero government was thugged..by our ambassador in Mexico.

2013 @KimmieDoll 11 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Sept. 2020) I just got thugged into buying some girl scout cookies that I'm not gonna eat.

b. intransitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To act or behave like a thug; to intimidate, bully, or coerce someone.Now frequently slang (esp. in African-American use), with reference to thug n. 2b.

ΚΠ

1937 Sun (Baltimore) 6 May 7/2 When I was thugging in Harlan county,..Merle Middleton was the chief of the gang.

1965 W. Soyinka Road 22 Chief:..Are you..one of the boys? Samson: I won't thug for you if that is what you mean.

1995 ‘TRU’ Eyes of a Killa (transcribed from song) I'm not 2Pac but uh, I'll still be thugging.

Phrases

Originally and chiefly U.S. to thug it out: to persevere using thuggery; to slug it out; (slang, esp. in African-American use) to withstand difficult conditions or adverse circumstances, to tough it out (cf. thug n. 2b).

ΚΠ

1986 N.Y. Mag 24 Feb. 14 Even if he [sc. Marcos] wins the election, he's lost... If he tries to thug it out, we'll get the anarchy Aquino could deliver.

1998 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 26 Sept. c1 To the bitter, boring, end, these two teams thugged it out.

2020 @_QBerry_ 26 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 28 Sept.) I've been in some type of pain all week but been thugging it out.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	thug
释义	thugn.adj. Brit. /θʌɡ/, U.S. /θəɡ/ Forms: 1800s– thug; in sense A. 1 also 1800s theg (irregular), 1800s t'hug, 1800s– thag. In sense A. 1 usually with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi ṭhag. Etymology: < Hindi ṭhag, denoting a member of the society of Thugs in India (see sense A.), specific use of ṭhag robber, deceiver < Sanskrit sthaga cunning, dishonest < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek στέγειν to cover (see thack n.). With the semantic development compare Prakrit ṭhagiya (adjective) cheated. N.E.D. (1912), in reference to sense A. 1, gives the pronunciation as (þɒg, properly t^hɒg) /θʌɡ/, properly /thʌɡ/. A. n. 1. Usually with capital initial. A member of a society or cult of robbers and murderers in India known for strangling their victims; = Phansigar n. Cf. thuggee n. 2. Now historical.Thugs were known for winning the confidence of travellers, whom they would then murder, especially by strangulation, in a sudden surprise attack, before taking their belongings. They were suppressed under British rule in the 1830s and considered eliminated by the late 19th century. In an influential tradition in the 19th century, they were considered to be devotees of the goddess Kali, killing their victims in a ritually prescribed manner. However, many modern historians have questioned this, as well other aspects of historical accounts of Thugs and their practices. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > man-killer or homicide > [noun] > murderer or assassin > types of assassin1340 Old Man of the Mountain1579 fedai1723 thug1810 nasty man1863 Jack the Ripper1888 ripper1909 trunk murderer1925 sex killer1935 mass-murderer1943 serial murderer1947 psycho-killer1949 serial killer1967 spree killer1983 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > who attacks and robs swadder1567 thug1810 Phansigar1813 nooser1816 1810 in Hist. & Pract. Thugs (1837) xxi. 329 It having come to the knowledge of Government, that several Sepoys..have been robbed and murdered by a description of persons denominated ‘Thugs’, who infested the districts of the Dooab and other parts of the Upper Provinces. 1816 J. Shakespear in Asiatick Researches (1820) 13 287 The term ‘Theg’ is usually applied, in the western provinces, to persons who rob and murder travellers on the highways, either by poison, or the application of the cord or knife. 1839 P. M. Taylor Confessions of Thug I. iv. 79 I of course alarmed him..with accounts of the thieves and Thugs on the road. 1906 J. Moses Pathol. Aspects of Relig. ii. 37 The Thug believed he was ‘called’ to be a slayer of men, and piously obeyed his ‘call’. 2018 Indian Express (Nexis) 8 Nov. It was largely the efforts of William Sleeman that led to an institutionalised suppression of the Thugs. 2. a. A violent or aggressive person, esp. a criminal; a hoodlum.In recent use the term may be considered offensive (esp. in U.S. use when used by a white person in reference to a black person; cf. sense A. 2b). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > ruffianly conduct > ruffian > [noun] routerc1300 tyrant1377 ruffy?a1513 ruffiana1525 kempy1525 cut-throat1535 slasher1559 cutter1569 hackster1574 hacker1576 cuttle1600 ruffiano1611 bully rook1673 thug1838 Apache1902 ned1910 rough-up1911 goonda1926 hoon1938 messer1942 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force > person cut-throat1535 club-fist1575 violator1583 club-lawyera1670 thug1838 outrager1840 messer1942 1838 ‘P. Pry’ Oddities London Life II. 198 Johnny Flannagan, the model of a Tipperary ‘Thug’, with a hedgehog-sort of Brutus, came forward. 1883 G. W. Cable in Cent. Mag. June 230/1 A few ‘thugs’ terrorized the city with..beating, stabbing, and shooting. 1895 J. Burns in Westm. Gaz. 17 Jan. 2/1 They even engage ‘knockers-out’, who..belabour and disable voters as they are entering the booths... They are called ‘election Thugs’. 1903 J. R. Buchanan Story of Labor Agitator iv. 146 The dogging of his footsteps by the hired thugs of the railway company. 1967 S. Faessler in Atlantic Monthly Apr. 103/2 The old man ducked for cover.., but not my father. Unarmed he stood up to the thugs, and was cracked over the head for it. 2020 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 7 Sept. 11 (headline) Thug jailed for punching police officer and spitting at another. b. slang (chiefly U.S.) (originally and chiefly in African-American usage, often in the context of hip-hop or rap music). A member of a street gang or person from a poor urban background who uses crime or violence to try to better his or her situation; a tough, hardened, ruthless person. ΚΠ 1983 ‘Grandmaster & Melle Mel’ & S. Robinson White Lines (Don't don't do It) (transcribed from song) Gangsters, thugs, and smugglers are thoroughly respected. 1995 ‘2Pac’ Young Niggaz in Me against the World (transcribed from song) This go out to the young thugs, the have-nots. 2015 ‘Sparky Sweets’ Thug Notes 236 He always showin' out to prove he tougher than any otha thug on da block. B. adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a thug (in various senses); that is or resembles a thug. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > characteristic of hooligans or ruffians ruffian1553 ruffian-like1555 ruffianous1555 ruffianly1561 ruffianish1593 pretty-boy1785 thuggish1848 thug1878 hooliganesque1899 hooliganic1902 thuggy1904 thug-like1941 yobbish1966 thugged out1996 1837 E. Thornton Illustr. Hist. & Pract. Thugs iv. 63 The petition is so entirely accordant with Thug feeling, that no doubt can be entertained as to the sincerity with which it is offered. 1878 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 18 July 5/2 The room [is] chiefly filled by representatives of the ‘thug’ element of New Orleans. 1897 Daily News 22 Sept. 6/4 When the Prince of Wales was in India, a Thug criminal showed him how victims were strangled. 1962 E. Wilson Jrnl. in Sixties: Last Jrnl. (1993) 111 If he should be sent back to Haiti, the present thug regime would murder him. 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Aug. ii. 23/1 Bhangra was considered too thug, too ghetto, within the Indian community. Derivatives ˈthugdom n. the world or domain of thugs; thugs collectively; (also) the state or condition of being a thug. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > [noun] murderingeOE murderOE banec1175 morth gamec1275 morth spellc1275 slaughterc1325 murdermenta1400 murderdom1514 massacre1589 remove1592 assassinate1596 assassinment1602 assassination1610 assassinacy1611 assassinaya1641 removal1655 murderation1715 murdrum1767 thugdom1839 aliicide1868 hatchet job1925 liquidation1925 rubout1927 murder one1966 neutralization1971 1839 T. De Quincey 2nd Paper on Murder in Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 668/2 At length came the toast of the day—Thugdom in all its branches. 1909 N.Y. Star 30 Jan. 13/1 Have the days of thugdom returned to the metropolitan newspaper business? 2017 ‘Charlamagne tha God’ Black Privilege 73 I hadn't graduated into pure thugdom yet, but I wasn't pursuing my potential either. ˈthuggess n. rare a female thug. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > man-killer or homicide > [noun] > murderer or assassin > types of > woman thuggess1857 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > who attacks and robs > female thuggess1857 1857 Househ. Words 14 Nov. 458/1 The victim, another Thuggess, was supposed to be sleeping, when the operation was performed. 2015 @Bill_Bragga 29 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 9 Sept. 2020) Once a thug always a thug, same goes for thuggess lol ˈthug-like adj. resembling or characteristic of a thug. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > characteristic of hooligans or ruffians ruffian1553 ruffian-like1555 ruffianous1555 ruffianly1561 ruffianish1593 pretty-boy1785 thuggish1848 thug1878 hooliganesque1899 hooliganic1902 thuggy1904 thug-like1941 yobbish1966 thugged out1996 1840 Age 11 Oct. 324/2 It is a Thug-like organization—cemented by religion—sanguinary in its objects—and powerful in its means! 1941 ‘R. Barr’ in O. Penzler Black Lizard Big Bk. Pulps (2007) 886/2 A thug-like porter was mopping the floor. 2016 Sudbury (Ont.) Daily Star (Nexis) 3 Sept. c10 Little is thuglike about his demeanour. He could pass more for a mild-mannered accountant than a scheming international cocaine trafficker. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). thugv. Brit. /θʌɡ/, U.S. /θəɡ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: thug n. Etymology: < thug n. Compare slightly earlier thugging n. 1. transitive and intransitive. Of a Thug (thug n. 1): to rob and murder (a person) by strangling; to practise thuggee (thuggee n. 1) on (a person). Also more generally: to rob (a person) violently; to strangle. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > murder or assassinate [verb (transitive)] > thug thug1836 1836 W. H. Sleeman Ramaseeana 143 I have Thugged for twenty years. 1837 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 369 If a single civilian or military man had been thugged, thuggee would have been abolished long ago. 1863 J. Birmingham Anglicania 143 Men are thugged and garotted in the streets of London. 1904 A. Castle & E. Castle Rose of World (1905) ix. 199 You know what a mess poor Runkle is making of things out there; I shouldn't like him to be thugged! 2010 H. Schwarz Constructing Criminal Tribe in Colonial India i. 18 His own increasingly strong suggestion..that thugs existed, that they thugged in the nineteenth century. 2. a. transitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To act or behave like a thug towards (a person or thing); to intimidate, bully, or coerce (a person).Now frequently slang (esp. in African-American use), with reference to thug n. 2b. ΚΠ 1855 Patriot (St. John, Newfoundland) 23 July If there is one thing stupider than another in this world, it is to suppose that men can be Thugged into virtue. 1897 ‘M. Twain’ Following Equator xxxii. 302 The Union Company had discharged a captain for getting a boat into danger... For thugging a captain costs the company nothing. 1916 Harper's Weekly 25 Mar. 303 It [sc. this story] will explain..the manner in which the Madero government was thugged..by our ambassador in Mexico. 2013 @KimmieDoll 11 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Sept. 2020) I just got thugged into buying some girl scout cookies that I'm not gonna eat. b. intransitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To act or behave like a thug; to intimidate, bully, or coerce someone.Now frequently slang (esp. in African-American use), with reference to thug n. 2b. ΚΠ 1937 Sun (Baltimore) 6 May 7/2 When I was thugging in Harlan county,..Merle Middleton was the chief of the gang. 1965 W. Soyinka Road 22 Chief:..Are you..one of the boys? Samson: I won't thug for you if that is what you mean. 1995 ‘TRU’ Eyes of a Killa (transcribed from song) I'm not 2Pac but uh, I'll still be thugging. Phrases Originally and chiefly U.S. to thug it out: to persevere using thuggery; to slug it out; (slang, esp. in African-American use) to withstand difficult conditions or adverse circumstances, to tough it out (cf. thug n. 2b). ΚΠ 1986 N.Y. Mag 24 Feb. 14 Even if he [sc. Marcos] wins the election, he's lost... If he tries to thug it out, we'll get the anarchy Aquino could deliver. 1998 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 26 Sept. c1 To the bitter, boring, end, these two teams thugged it out. 2020 @_QBerry_ 26 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 28 Sept.) I've been in some type of pain all week but been thugging it out. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1810v.1836
随便看	repentances repentant repentantly repentants repented repenter repenters repentest repentful repentine repenting repenting stool repentingly repentinous repentive repentless repents repeople repeopled repeoples repeopling reperceive repercuss repercussed repercusser