throughoutprep.adv.adj.

Brit.

/θruːˈaʊt/,

/θrʊˈaʊt/, U.S.

/θruˈaʊt/

Forms:

α. see through prep. and adv. and out adv., int., and prep.

β. see thorough prep. and adv. and out adv., int., and prep.

γ. Middle English ȝoruȝt, Middle English þorit, Middle English thoroght, Middle English þorought, Middle English þoroughte, Middle English þorouȝt, Middle English thorowght, Middle English thorowȝt, Middle English þorowth, Middle English þorowþ, Middle English þorught, Middle English þoruȝt, Middle English thoruth, Middle English þoruth, Middle English þoruþ, Middle English þoruþe, Middle English þorwtȝ, Middle English þorwth, Middle English thourugt, Middle English þureþhut, Middle English þuruht, Middle English þurut, Middle English þuruth, Middle English þuruð, Middle English yorit, Middle English–1500s thorowte, Middle English–1500s thorowth, Middle English–1500s thorught, Middle English–1600s thorought, 1500s thorout, 1500s thorughte; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form of the first element Middle English thairgh-.

δ. Middle English throute, Middle English þrowte, 1500s 1700s throwt, 1500s–1600s throut; Scottish pre-1700 throut, pre-1700 throwt.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: through prep., out adv.

Etymology: < through prep. + out adv.Compare German durchaus (adverb) through and out the other side, right through (14th cent.), all over, thoroughly, completely, entirely (15th cent.). Some γ. forms may alternatively show forms of thorough prep. and adv., which shows considerable semantic overlap and from which the present word is difficult to distinguish in Middle English; see discussion at that entry. Likewise, some Middle English and Older Scots δ. forms may perhaps alternatively belong at through prep. and adv. (compare Forms β(b) at that entry).

A. prep.

†1. Through and out the other side of; completely or right through. Frequently with verbs of cutting, piercing, etc. Obsolete.Occasionally without implication of passage out the other side, and used simply as a synonym for through.Formerly sometimes in postmodifying position, a use which could be regarded as adverbial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > through

throughOE

thoroughOE

throughoutOE

athwart1713

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [preposition] > through > completely

throughoutOE

thorough and thoroughc1300

through and througha1325

utouthc1480

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1066 Harold Engla cyningc..for þa on Monandæg þurh ut Eoferwic.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 160 He..ihitte his aȝene fader. þurh-ut [c1300 Otho þorh-vt] þere broste.

c1300 St. Lucy (Harl.) 151 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 570 Þo heo was þurfout þe þrote ismyte þe bet heo spac ynouȝ.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4558 As liȝtliche as hit had ibeo wax, ran þe strok þanne. of ys ax Chayne & tre þorȝoute.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1036 Þis flummes four..thoru out all oþer contres rinnes.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 56 Throuch-oute the thikest of the pres he ȝeid.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. i. 121 The cald dreid..Thirland throwout hard banis.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lviii. f. lxxiii^v/1 His spere went clene thrughout hys body, and so he fell downe deed.

1561 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Hercules Furens v. sig. M6 The dedlye sworde throughout my brest to stryke I will applye.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas i. in Wks. (1898) I. 153 Throughout the streets her hurling chariots roll.

1658 E. Ashmole Way to Bliss ii. ii. 94 A right Chirurgeon..would touch his Tool with a kinde of Loadstone..to make it pierce throughout the Body without all Sense and Feeling.

†2. On account of, because of; (also) by means of; = through prep. 12, 13. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > by the instrumentality of [preposition]

ofeOE

throughOE

throughouta1250

moyenant?1473

moyening1512

via1930

a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 271 Ich hit rewli fordide þurh-hut mine sunnes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 16317 Sai me nu qui þou ert als prisun tan, Thoruut þis biscop and his men?

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1046 If that ye falle in ony distresse thorowoute wyllfull foly, than ys there none other helpe but by me and my bloode.

?1492 tr. Reuelacions St. Elysabeth of Hungarye (de Worde) sig. qij/1 And God, seyeng hyr euer waxe more meke thorught the gyftes that she receyueth, he took more hede to gyue hyr moo gyftes of grace.

a. Through the whole of (a place, thing, or group); in or to all or many parts of; everywhere in. Cf. through prep. 4a. †throughout all thing: in every respect; = through all thing at through prep. and adv. Phrases 1 (obsolete).Formerly sometimes in postmodifying position, a use which could be regarded as adverbial; cf. through prep. 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > [preposition] > throughout (of spatial extension)

alongeOE

throughoutc1275

abroadc1425

the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > here or there [preposition] > throughout

throughOE

throughoutc1275

across1935

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14741 Þa iwende seint Austin vorð..þurh-ut Englelond [c1300 Otho þorh al Eanglelond].

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8589 Þoru out al þat lond it dude sorwe inou.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1500 Wel y-armed þorw-out al þyng euerechone þey ware.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 4359 Thurgh out þe world, ferre and nere.

a1450 (a1325) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (London Univ.) l. 6901 Throute [c1325 Calig. Þoru al engelond þis word sone drou].

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D4^v In euery parish throughout the Realme.

1599 G. Chapman Humerous Dayes Myrth sig. A2 Yet hath the morning sprinckled throwt the clowdes, But halfe her tincture.

1617 B. Rich Irish Hubbub 24 The cup being newly replenished..thus it goes round throughout the whole company.

1631 J. Vicars Eng. Hallelu-jah sig. D4^v Aboue the spacious, specious Heauens high, Yea, all the World throughout thy praises flie.

1728 R. Glover Poem on Sir I. Newton in H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. sig. a4^v Healthful vapours rise Plenteous throughout the atmosphere diffus'd.

1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church ii. 31 The Jews throughout the empire.

1838 B. Disraeli Let. 27 Apr. (1987) III. 54 You have more wit in your little finger than circulates throughout his gross body.

1878 E. S. Elwell Boy Colonists 42 The Waitaki..is bordered on each side throughout its course by steep banks.

1907 Billboard 25 Feb. 86/4 He will present..his water circus at parks thruout the country.

1975 Nature 28 Aug. 723/1 Cells of different sizes..are randomly distributed throughout the tissue.

2012 K. Young Sport, Violence & Society vi. 123 Soccer hooliganism remains an issue of real significance throughout Europe.

b. During the whole of (a period of time, event, situation, etc.); through the course of (a book or document); from the beginning to the end of. Cf. through prep. 8.Formerly sometimes in postmodifying position, a use which could be regarded as adverbial; cf. through prep. 8a(b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > duration [preposition] > throughout or during the whole time

throughoutc1275

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1832 (MED) Þurð-out [c1300 Otho þorþ-vt] al þat ulke ȝer heo duden al þus þer.

a1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Vitell.) (1966) l. 211 Nis þer day þoruh-out [a1400 Egerton þrouȝt-out] þan ȝer, Þat þe chepinge is iliche plener.

c1400 Prickynge of Love (Harl.) (1983) 167 (MED) Seculer men..shul fasten and forberen flessh þourȝe-ouȝt þe lentoun.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 2 (MED) Augustus is þat month in heruest whech is þe hattest month and moost ripening of frutes þorw-oute all þe ȝere.

c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 195 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 82 And so thorow-out the hole story.

1563 A. Neville tr. Seneca Lamentable Trag. Œdipus iii. sig. D.i Not one daye there is almost, the whole yeare throughout: Wherin some Royall Gyfts are not, vnto my Howses brought.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 42 Ne're throughout the yeere to Church thou go'st.

1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xxviii 'Tis false spell'd throughout this Book.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 78. ⁋8 Hippocrates..visited me throughout my whole Illness.

1799 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 307 Throughout my command in the Levant seas.

1829 J. Lawrence Horse Varieties & Uses xxix. 187 Some I have known,..who in warm weather, will walk their nags the day throughout.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. vii. 78 Harold and Swegen.., by their invasion of Denmark, gave him full occupation throughout the year.

1938 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 411/1 The term casein is used in both senses throughout this article.

1971 Financial Times 19 Oct. 12/4 Working throughout their studies at almost full-time jobs, [etc.].

2015 New Yorker 1 June 80/2 He looks miserable throughout the film.

B. adv.

†a. In a way that penetrates or goes through; right through, quite through. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in the direction of thickness > through thickness

throughoutOE

wherethorough?c1225

wherethrough1297

thorougha1387

thoroughlya1500

throughly1541

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > through > right through

throughoutOE

throughOE

through and throughc1225

thorough and thoroughc1300

out-througha1325

thoroughlya1500

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 264 Swa þæt þæt spere him eode þurh ut.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 158 Þe deoflen schulen pleiȝen wið him midhare schearpe eawles..& wið helle sweordes snesen þurchut [c1230 Corpus Cambr. þurh ut, a1250 Nero þuruhut].

c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) l. 120 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 81 On of heom..smot him þoru-out with a swerd and alle his gottes to-rende: For he smot him In atþe Rugge and atþe wombe out.

?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 93 Wel aȝt þi hert þroȝ-ute cleue, Þin eiine blodi teris wepe.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. l. 2522 (MED) Pirrus þo..With cruel swerde..Ran hym þoruȝ-oute, as any lyoun wood.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1131 One of the barres of iron kutte the brawne of hys hondys thorowoute to the bone.

a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3115 Fele men lyeth..With bryght brondys throw-owte borne.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lv. 186 The shelde was perced through out.

1663 E. Gayton Relig. of Physician 3 Her heart was joy'd, but yet was pierc'd throughout.

1694 W. Dingley Poems Several Occasions 35 The Temple quite throughout is rent in twain.

b. So as to reach the end (esp. of a book, speech, etc.); all the way to the end. Sometimes spec.: †to the end of a journey without stopping (obsolete). Cf. through adv. 4a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full > from beginning to end

througha1225

overc1400

throughoutc1450

thoroughc1475

throughly1531

straight1756

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4737 Þus thre daies in þat thede thurgh-out þai lengid.

1550 tr. A. Corvinus Postill sig. g.viii^v How often times is it spoken of in the gospell of S. Iohn? Ouerlooke the same euangelist through out, from the beginning to the ende.

1656 Duchess of Newcastle Natures Pictures C ij I never read a Romancy Book throughout in all my life.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 24 The Merchants..rest here in their journy to the Indies, whereas before they went throughout, without landing here.

1773 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 51/2 The motion, was over-ruled, the bill was read throughout without farther interruption, and the Speaker left the chair.

1830 E. Bulwer-Lytton Paul Clifford II. vi. 171 The Squire..replied by a long eulogium on Paul, and Mauleverer, after hearing it throughout with the blandest smile imaginable, told the Squire, [etc.].

1997 J. R. Mulryne & M. Shewring Shakespeare's Globe Rebuilt 11 Orrell not only contributed to the book but read it throughout, and saved us from a number of errors.

a. Through the whole of a place, thing, or group; in or to all or many parts; everywhere.Quot. c1429 might instead be regarded as showing sense B. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb]

throughoutlyc1175

throughouta1225

out-througha1325

universally?c1425

the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > [adverb] > everywhere > in every part or all through

throughouta1225

overallc1225

all overc1440

throughoutly1478

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 27 He mahte iseon ane berninde glede þet hine al for-bernað þurut to cole.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 2199 (MED) Þe rounde table—Þat was þurth Merlines hest Of kniȝtes þat men wist best In þis warld þurthout.

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) 1261 This virgine fulle of splendour and thorghout lumynouse.

1544 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 210 A furde gowne lyned with foxe thorow-oute.

1556 Trewe Mirrour ii. sig. B.vii Our churche..hath been also vniuersall thorowe out all Chrystendome, not here or there but thorowe oute.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. ii. 94 Tell Athens, in the sequence of degree, From high to low throughout, that [etc.] .

1688 J. Dryden in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 6 His Youth and Age..All of a piece throughout, and all Divine.

1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 403 A smooth..body,..of a fine, clear, deep red throughout.

1772 H. Peckham Tour of Holland 116 The refectory..is paved with black and white marble, and painted throughout in a very masterly manner.

1836 Amer. Monthly Mag. Jan. 25 The owner of the clearing was sitting in front, dressed throughout in leather, and playing lustily on the fiddle.

1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) v. xxxi. 562 The plains of Central Europe..are clothed with a vegetation which has one common character throughout.

1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 10/1 (advt.) Flannel Shirts... Double stitched thruout.

1977 Bon Appétit May 56/3 Large garlic and anise flavored salami-like sausage that has cubes of fat throughout.

2014 Connacht Tribune 19 Sept. (T2 section) 32/2 The property is presented in showhouse condition throughout.

b. During the whole of a period of time, event, situation, etc.; at every moment or point; all through.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > always or in every case

alwayeOE

aldayOE

everOE

by night and (by) daylOE

ayc1175

algatea1200

alwaysc1225

everylikec1225

stillc1297

evermorea1300

algatesa1325

alikec1330

early and latec1330

at all assaysc1360

universallya1398

likec1400

continuallyc1460

tidely1482

ay-whenc1485

from time to (formerly unto) timea1500

at all seasons1526

at once1563

at every turn1565

throughout1567

still still1592

still1594

still and anona1616

still an enda1616

every stitch-while1620

everlastingly1628

constantly1651

everywhen1655

eternally1670

allus1739

any day (of the week)1759

everly1808

allers1833

every time1854

toujours1902

all (the way) down the line1975

the world > action or operation > continuing > [adverb] > in a continuous manner or without stopping > at every moment

throughout1567

momently1595

momentally1612

momentanelya1631

momentaneously1753

momentarilya1763

1567 E. Hake tr. Thomas à Kempis Imitation of Christ iii. xxi. f. 82 Whether it be tollerable or intollerable, endeuor thou to take it paciently throughout.

1600 J. Norden Vicissitudo Rerum sig. B She was, and is, and shall remaine throughout, But not alike, shee flourish'd, gins to fade.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. viii. 260 We find some days wet throughout.

1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women II. ix. 102 Act on these principles throughout.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at Sempre) Sempre piano, soft throughout.

1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. ix. 169 Do not treat me as if I had not been your friend and adviser throughout.

1885 Manch. Examiner 22 Sept. 5/6 To-day has been beautifully fine throughout.

1920 Collier's 24 July 31/1 The Duchess cried forlornly throughout.

1977 B. Aldiss in B. Ash Visual Encycl. Sci. Fiction 116/2 The sort of story which can seize you by your curiosity and keep tickling it throughout.

2003 Financial Times 15 Mar. 11/4 While there may be resignations at the junior ministerial level, most cabinet ministers will remain loyal throughout.

†3. Completely, thoroughly, in all respects. Obsolete.Often overlapping with, and in later use merged in, sense B. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > entirely, altogether, or completely

righteOE

allingOE

outlyOE

allOE

throughoutlyc1175

allingsa1225

throughouta1225

thoroughc1225

albedenec1300

outc1300

quitelyc1330

all-whollya1375

most widelya1382

all wholea1393

all-thinga1398

algate?a1400

algatesc1405

thoroughly1442

mainly1550

outrighta1560

outrightly1642

solely1710

teetotally1832

bodaciously1833

teetotaciously1833

orl1864

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 73 Ȝif ðu wilt..bien ðurhut god mann.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 880 Þeȝ sume men bo þurȝut [a1300 Jesus Oxf. þurhut] gode An þurȝut clene on hore mode.

c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) 262 If he hadde of his owe flesch thurfout seignurye.

a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) vii. l. 151 Cherubyn..holden hem to gyþer ouer all fleeyng, & to hem seluen ben þoru oute ypletted [L.V. a1450 New Coll. Oxf. faste plettid]: & as a wheele with in a wheele: ben ytorned.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) vii. xxiii. sig. oiiij^v Ther was no man..sholde hele hym thorou oute of his wounde.

1533 T. More tr. Cyril of Alexandria in Answere Poysened Bk. i. xviii. f. lxxviii^v Yf a man vnto molten wex put other wex, it can not be but that he shall thorow out mengle the tone wyth the tother.

1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste ii. iii. f. 57 One offered me..my choise of twoo yonge maides, the one throughout myne equall, in substance, and in birthe, the other farre surpasseth me in worshippe, and in gooddes.

†C. adj.

1. Complete, thorough; spec. (of a person) that is fully the kind of person indicated by the noun; thoroughgoing, out-and-out. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > utter or absolute > of a person or his character

utterc1420

complete1526

entirea1533

throughout1532

in grain?1577

consummate1603

essential1604

perfecta1616

thorough1625

thorough-paceda1628

thoroughbred1701

throughgoing1830

through and through1831

thorough-souled1842

ingrained1851

ingrain1865

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxli^v Al the bodily goodes..comen ofte to throwe out shrewes.

a1555 J. Bradford Hurte of hering Masse (?1561) sig. C.iii^v It is a thorough out breache of this commaundemente.

a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) vii. 214 Should there not be in those redeeming actions by Christ a contrary integritie, and perfection, a throughout holines, as I may call it?

1670 T. Brooks London's Lamentations i. 150 I cannot charge such throughout Saints..with that horrid prophanation of the Sabbath.

1682 R. Blome Cosmogr. & Geogr. Pref. to Rdr. sig. a2 The Intelligent Reader, who desireth..a throughout Prospect of the Utility of Cosmography and Geography, may consult the Work it self.

2. Permanent, lasting. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [adjective]

stablea1300

durablec1386

during1398

durant1455

permanent?a1475

standingc1480

perseverablea1500

indelible1532

of long standinga1568

permansible1568

long-established1589

dureful1595

subsistent1603

subsisting1613

staple1621

constant1645

long-standing1655

throughout1701

untemporary1784

pukka1801

rock-ribbed1903

hardwired1971

1701 T. Beverley Praise of Glory 4 The uninterrupted, and throughout Efficiency of grace.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	throughout
释义	throughoutprep.adv.adj. Brit. /θruːˈaʊt/, /θrʊˈaʊt/, U.S. /θruˈaʊt/ Forms: α. see through prep. and adv. and out adv., int., and prep. β. see thorough prep. and adv. and out adv., int., and prep. γ. Middle English ȝoruȝt, Middle English þorit, Middle English thoroght, Middle English þorought, Middle English þoroughte, Middle English þorouȝt, Middle English thorowght, Middle English thorowȝt, Middle English þorowth, Middle English þorowþ, Middle English þorught, Middle English þoruȝt, Middle English thoruth, Middle English þoruth, Middle English þoruþ, Middle English þoruþe, Middle English þorwtȝ, Middle English þorwth, Middle English thourugt, Middle English þureþhut, Middle English þuruht, Middle English þurut, Middle English þuruth, Middle English þuruð, Middle English yorit, Middle English–1500s thorowte, Middle English–1500s thorowth, Middle English–1500s thorught, Middle English–1600s thorought, 1500s thorout, 1500s thorughte; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form of the first element Middle English thairgh-. δ. Middle English throute, Middle English þrowte, 1500s 1700s throwt, 1500s–1600s throut; Scottish pre-1700 throut, pre-1700 throwt. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: through prep., out adv. Etymology: < through prep. + out adv.Compare German durchaus (adverb) through and out the other side, right through (14th cent.), all over, thoroughly, completely, entirely (15th cent.). Some γ. forms may alternatively show forms of thorough prep. and adv., which shows considerable semantic overlap and from which the present word is difficult to distinguish in Middle English; see discussion at that entry. Likewise, some Middle English and Older Scots δ. forms may perhaps alternatively belong at through prep. and adv. (compare Forms β(b) at that entry). A. prep. †1. Through and out the other side of; completely or right through. Frequently with verbs of cutting, piercing, etc. Obsolete.Occasionally without implication of passage out the other side, and used simply as a synonym for through.Formerly sometimes in postmodifying position, a use which could be regarded as adverbial. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > through throughOE thoroughOE throughoutOE athwart1713 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [preposition] > through > completely throughoutOE thorough and thoroughc1300 through and througha1325 utouthc1480 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1066 Harold Engla cyningc..for þa on Monandæg þurh ut Eoferwic. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 160 He..ihitte his aȝene fader. þurh-ut [c1300 Otho þorh-vt] þere broste. c1300 St. Lucy (Harl.) 151 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 570 Þo heo was þurfout þe þrote ismyte þe bet heo spac ynouȝ. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4558 As liȝtliche as hit had ibeo wax, ran þe strok þanne. of ys ax Chayne & tre þorȝoute. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1036 Þis flummes four..thoru out all oþer contres rinnes. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 56 Throuch-oute the thikest of the pres he ȝeid. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. i. 121 The cald dreid..Thirland throwout hard banis. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lviii. f. lxxiii^v/1 His spere went clene thrughout hys body, and so he fell downe deed. 1561 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Hercules Furens v. sig. M6 The dedlye sworde throughout my brest to stryke I will applye. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas i. in Wks. (1898) I. 153 Throughout the streets her hurling chariots roll. 1658 E. Ashmole Way to Bliss ii. ii. 94 A right Chirurgeon..would touch his Tool with a kinde of Loadstone..to make it pierce throughout the Body without all Sense and Feeling. †2. On account of, because of; (also) by means of; = through prep. 12, 13. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > by the instrumentality of [preposition] ofeOE throughOE throughouta1250 moyenant?1473 moyening1512 via1930 a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 271 Ich hit rewli fordide þurh-hut mine sunnes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 16317 Sai me nu qui þou ert als prisun tan, Thoruut þis biscop and his men? a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1046 If that ye falle in ony distresse thorowoute wyllfull foly, than ys there none other helpe but by me and my bloode. ?1492 tr. Reuelacions St. Elysabeth of Hungarye (de Worde) sig. qij/1 And God, seyeng hyr euer waxe more meke thorught the gyftes that she receyueth, he took more hede to gyue hyr moo gyftes of grace. 3. a. Through the whole of (a place, thing, or group); in or to all or many parts of; everywhere in. Cf. through prep. 4a. †throughout all thing: in every respect; = through all thing at through prep. and adv. Phrases 1 (obsolete).Formerly sometimes in postmodifying position, a use which could be regarded as adverbial; cf. through prep. 4b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > [preposition] > throughout (of spatial extension) alongeOE throughoutc1275 abroadc1425 the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > here or there [preposition] > throughout throughOE throughoutc1275 across1935 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14741 Þa iwende seint Austin vorð..þurh-ut Englelond [c1300 Otho þorh al Eanglelond]. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8589 Þoru out al þat lond it dude sorwe inou. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1500 Wel y-armed þorw-out al þyng euerechone þey ware. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 4359 Thurgh out þe world, ferre and nere. a1450 (a1325) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (London Univ.) l. 6901 Throute [c1325 Calig. Þoru al engelond þis word sone drou]. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D4^v In euery parish throughout the Realme. 1599 G. Chapman Humerous Dayes Myrth sig. A2 Yet hath the morning sprinckled throwt the clowdes, But halfe her tincture. 1617 B. Rich Irish Hubbub 24 The cup being newly replenished..thus it goes round throughout the whole company. 1631 J. Vicars Eng. Hallelu-jah sig. D4^v Aboue the spacious, specious Heauens high, Yea, all the World throughout thy praises flie. 1728 R. Glover Poem on Sir I. Newton in H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. sig. a4^v Healthful vapours rise Plenteous throughout the atmosphere diffus'd. 1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church ii. 31 The Jews throughout the empire. 1838 B. Disraeli Let. 27 Apr. (1987) III. 54 You have more wit in your little finger than circulates throughout his gross body. 1878 E. S. Elwell Boy Colonists 42 The Waitaki..is bordered on each side throughout its course by steep banks. 1907 Billboard 25 Feb. 86/4 He will present..his water circus at parks thruout the country. 1975 Nature 28 Aug. 723/1 Cells of different sizes..are randomly distributed throughout the tissue. 2012 K. Young Sport, Violence & Society vi. 123 Soccer hooliganism remains an issue of real significance throughout Europe. b. During the whole of (a period of time, event, situation, etc.); through the course of (a book or document); from the beginning to the end of. Cf. through prep. 8.Formerly sometimes in postmodifying position, a use which could be regarded as adverbial; cf. through prep. 8a(b). ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > duration [preposition] > throughout or during the whole time throughoutc1275 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1832 (MED) Þurð-out [c1300 Otho þorþ-vt] al þat ulke ȝer heo duden al þus þer. a1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Vitell.) (1966) l. 211 Nis þer day þoruh-out [a1400 Egerton þrouȝt-out] þan ȝer, Þat þe chepinge is iliche plener. c1400 Prickynge of Love (Harl.) (1983) 167 (MED) Seculer men..shul fasten and forberen flessh þourȝe-ouȝt þe lentoun. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 2 (MED) Augustus is þat month in heruest whech is þe hattest month and moost ripening of frutes þorw-oute all þe ȝere. c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 195 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 82 And so thorow-out the hole story. 1563 A. Neville tr. Seneca Lamentable Trag. Œdipus iii. sig. D.i Not one daye there is almost, the whole yeare throughout: Wherin some Royall Gyfts are not, vnto my Howses brought. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 42 Ne're throughout the yeere to Church thou go'st. View more context for this quotation 1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xxviii 'Tis false spell'd throughout this Book. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 78. ⁋8 Hippocrates..visited me throughout my whole Illness. 1799 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 307 Throughout my command in the Levant seas. 1829 J. Lawrence Horse Varieties & Uses xxix. 187 Some I have known,..who in warm weather, will walk their nags the day throughout. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. vii. 78 Harold and Swegen.., by their invasion of Denmark, gave him full occupation throughout the year. 1938 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. II. 411/1 The term casein is used in both senses throughout this article. 1971 Financial Times 19 Oct. 12/4 Working throughout their studies at almost full-time jobs, [etc.]. 2015 New Yorker 1 June 80/2 He looks miserable throughout the film. B. adv. 1. †a. In a way that penetrates or goes through; right through, quite through. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in the direction of thickness > through thickness throughoutOE wherethorough?c1225 wherethrough1297 thorougha1387 thoroughlya1500 throughly1541 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > through > right through throughoutOE throughOE through and throughc1225 thorough and thoroughc1300 out-througha1325 thoroughlya1500 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 264 Swa þæt þæt spere him eode þurh ut. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 158 Þe deoflen schulen pleiȝen wið him midhare schearpe eawles..& wið helle sweordes snesen þurchut [c1230 Corpus Cambr. þurh ut, a1250 Nero þuruhut]. c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) l. 120 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 81 On of heom..smot him þoru-out with a swerd and alle his gottes to-rende: For he smot him In atþe Rugge and atþe wombe out. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 93 Wel aȝt þi hert þroȝ-ute cleue, Þin eiine blodi teris wepe. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. l. 2522 (MED) Pirrus þo..With cruel swerde..Ran hym þoruȝ-oute, as any lyoun wood. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1131 One of the barres of iron kutte the brawne of hys hondys thorowoute to the bone. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3115 Fele men lyeth..With bryght brondys throw-owte borne. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lv. 186 The shelde was perced through out. 1663 E. Gayton Relig. of Physician 3 Her heart was joy'd, but yet was pierc'd throughout. 1694 W. Dingley Poems Several Occasions 35 The Temple quite throughout is rent in twain. b. So as to reach the end (esp. of a book, speech, etc.); all the way to the end. Sometimes spec.: †to the end of a journey without stopping (obsolete). Cf. through adv. 4a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full > from beginning to end througha1225 overc1400 throughoutc1450 thoroughc1475 throughly1531 straight1756 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4737 Þus thre daies in þat thede thurgh-out þai lengid. 1550 tr. A. Corvinus Postill sig. g.viii^v How often times is it spoken of in the gospell of S. Iohn? Ouerlooke the same euangelist through out, from the beginning to the ende. 1656 Duchess of Newcastle Natures Pictures C ij I never read a Romancy Book throughout in all my life. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 24 The Merchants..rest here in their journy to the Indies, whereas before they went throughout, without landing here. 1773 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 51/2 The motion, was over-ruled, the bill was read throughout without farther interruption, and the Speaker left the chair. 1830 E. Bulwer-Lytton Paul Clifford II. vi. 171 The Squire..replied by a long eulogium on Paul, and Mauleverer, after hearing it throughout with the blandest smile imaginable, told the Squire, [etc.]. 1997 J. R. Mulryne & M. Shewring Shakespeare's Globe Rebuilt 11 Orrell not only contributed to the book but read it throughout, and saved us from a number of errors. 2. a. Through the whole of a place, thing, or group; in or to all or many parts; everywhere.Quot. c1429 might instead be regarded as showing sense B. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb] throughoutlyc1175 throughouta1225 out-througha1325 universally?c1425 the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > [adverb] > everywhere > in every part or all through throughouta1225 overallc1225 all overc1440 throughoutly1478 a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 27 He mahte iseon ane berninde glede þet hine al for-bernað þurut to cole. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 2199 (MED) Þe rounde table—Þat was þurth Merlines hest Of kniȝtes þat men wist best In þis warld þurthout. c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) 1261 This virgine fulle of splendour and thorghout lumynouse. 1544 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 210 A furde gowne lyned with foxe thorow-oute. 1556 Trewe Mirrour ii. sig. B.vii Our churche..hath been also vniuersall thorowe out all Chrystendome, not here or there but thorowe oute. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. ii. 94 Tell Athens, in the sequence of degree, From high to low throughout, that [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1688 J. Dryden in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 6 His Youth and Age..All of a piece throughout, and all Divine. 1748 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. I. 403 A smooth..body,..of a fine, clear, deep red throughout. 1772 H. Peckham Tour of Holland 116 The refectory..is paved with black and white marble, and painted throughout in a very masterly manner. 1836 Amer. Monthly Mag. Jan. 25 The owner of the clearing was sitting in front, dressed throughout in leather, and playing lustily on the fiddle. 1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) v. xxxi. 562 The plains of Central Europe..are clothed with a vegetation which has one common character throughout. 1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 10/1 (advt.) Flannel Shirts... Double stitched thruout. 1977 Bon Appétit May 56/3 Large garlic and anise flavored salami-like sausage that has cubes of fat throughout. 2014 Connacht Tribune 19 Sept. (T2 section) 32/2 The property is presented in showhouse condition throughout. b. During the whole of a period of time, event, situation, etc.; at every moment or point; all through. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > always or in every case alwayeOE aldayOE everOE by night and (by) daylOE ayc1175 algatea1200 alwaysc1225 everylikec1225 stillc1297 evermorea1300 algatesa1325 alikec1330 early and latec1330 at all assaysc1360 universallya1398 likec1400 continuallyc1460 tidely1482 ay-whenc1485 from time to (formerly unto) timea1500 at all seasons1526 at once1563 at every turn1565 throughout1567 still still1592 still1594 still and anona1616 still an enda1616 every stitch-while1620 everlastingly1628 constantly1651 everywhen1655 eternally1670 allus1739 any day (of the week)1759 everly1808 allers1833 every time1854 toujours1902 all (the way) down the line1975 the world > action or operation > continuing > [adverb] > in a continuous manner or without stopping > at every moment throughout1567 momently1595 momentally1612 momentanelya1631 momentaneously1753 momentarilya1763 1567 E. Hake tr. Thomas à Kempis Imitation of Christ iii. xxi. f. 82 Whether it be tollerable or intollerable, endeuor thou to take it paciently throughout. 1600 J. Norden Vicissitudo Rerum sig. B She was, and is, and shall remaine throughout, But not alike, shee flourish'd, gins to fade. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. viii. 260 We find some days wet throughout. 1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women II. ix. 102 Act on these principles throughout. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at Sempre) Sempre piano, soft throughout. 1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. ix. 169 Do not treat me as if I had not been your friend and adviser throughout. 1885 Manch. Examiner 22 Sept. 5/6 To-day has been beautifully fine throughout. 1920 Collier's 24 July 31/1 The Duchess cried forlornly throughout. 1977 B. Aldiss in B. Ash Visual Encycl. Sci. Fiction 116/2 The sort of story which can seize you by your curiosity and keep tickling it throughout. 2003 Financial Times 15 Mar. 11/4 While there may be resignations at the junior ministerial level, most cabinet ministers will remain loyal throughout. †3. Completely, thoroughly, in all respects. Obsolete.Often overlapping with, and in later use merged in, sense B. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > entirely, altogether, or completely righteOE allingOE outlyOE allOE throughoutlyc1175 allingsa1225 throughouta1225 thoroughc1225 albedenec1300 outc1300 quitelyc1330 all-whollya1375 most widelya1382 all wholea1393 all-thinga1398 algate?a1400 algatesc1405 thoroughly1442 mainly1550 outrighta1560 outrightly1642 solely1710 teetotally1832 bodaciously1833 teetotaciously1833 orl1864 a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 73 Ȝif ðu wilt..bien ðurhut god mann. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 880 Þeȝ sume men bo þurȝut [a1300 Jesus Oxf. þurhut] gode An þurȝut clene on hore mode. c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) 262 If he hadde of his owe flesch thurfout seignurye. a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) vii. l. 151 Cherubyn..holden hem to gyþer ouer all fleeyng, & to hem seluen ben þoru oute ypletted [L.V. a1450 New Coll. Oxf. faste plettid]: & as a wheele with in a wheele: ben ytorned. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) vii. xxiii. sig. oiiij^v Ther was no man..sholde hele hym thorou oute of his wounde. 1533 T. More tr. Cyril of Alexandria in Answere Poysened Bk. i. xviii. f. lxxviii^v Yf a man vnto molten wex put other wex, it can not be but that he shall thorow out mengle the tone wyth the tother. 1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste ii. iii. f. 57 One offered me..my choise of twoo yonge maides, the one throughout myne equall, in substance, and in birthe, the other farre surpasseth me in worshippe, and in gooddes. †C. adj. 1. Complete, thorough; spec. (of a person) that is fully the kind of person indicated by the noun; thoroughgoing, out-and-out. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > utter or absolute > of a person or his character utterc1420 complete1526 entirea1533 throughout1532 in grain?1577 consummate1603 essential1604 perfecta1616 thorough1625 thorough-paceda1628 thoroughbred1701 throughgoing1830 through and through1831 thorough-souled1842 ingrained1851 ingrain1865 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxli^v Al the bodily goodes..comen ofte to throwe out shrewes. a1555 J. Bradford Hurte of hering Masse (?1561) sig. C.iii^v It is a thorough out breache of this commaundemente. a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1629) vii. 214 Should there not be in those redeeming actions by Christ a contrary integritie, and perfection, a throughout holines, as I may call it? 1670 T. Brooks London's Lamentations i. 150 I cannot charge such throughout Saints..with that horrid prophanation of the Sabbath. 1682 R. Blome Cosmogr. & Geogr. Pref. to Rdr. sig. a2 The Intelligent Reader, who desireth..a throughout Prospect of the Utility of Cosmography and Geography, may consult the Work it self. 2. Permanent, lasting. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [adjective] stablea1300 durablec1386 during1398 durant1455 permanent?a1475 standingc1480 perseverablea1500 indelible1532 of long standinga1568 permansible1568 long-established1589 dureful1595 subsistent1603 subsisting1613 staple1621 constant1645 long-standing1655 throughout1701 untemporary1784 pukka1801 rock-ribbed1903 hardwired1971 1701 T. Beverley Praise of Glory 4 The uninterrupted, and throughout Efficiency of grace. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < prep.adv.adj.OE
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