through-stonen.¹

Brit.

/ˈθruːstəʊn/, U.S.

/ˈθruˌstoʊn/, Scottish English

/ˈθruston/

Forms: see through n.¹ and stone n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: through n.¹, stone n.

Etymology: < through n.¹ + stone n.

Scottish and English regional (northern) after Middle English.

A large slab of stone laid over a tomb or grave; a horizontal gravestone; (also) a funeral monument consisting of a horizontal slab supported on columns; a table tomb; = through n.¹ 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > stone covering grave

stone1303

gravestone1387

through-stonea1400

througha1425

burial-stone?a1500

trough1501

ledgerc1510

tombstone?1520

lair-stone1538

humeta1647

plank1660

ledger-stone1851

flatstone1855

grave-cover1875

hogback1889

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16762 + 94 Throgh stones in sunder brast, And ded bodyes gon rise.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 493 Thurwhestone, of a grave [1499 Pynson throwe or throwstone, a1500 King's Cambr. thwrwe ston, a1500 BL Add. 37789 throwe or thorw ston], sarcofagus.

1509 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 5 I will have a thorgh ston of marbill to be laid uppon my grave.

1540 in J. W. Clay North Country Wills (1908) I. 167 Y^t myne execoutoures shall bye a threwgh stone and laye upon my mother in Seynt Andrewes Church.

1593 Rites of Durham (Surtees 1903) 60 An other gentleman..was buryed in the said Garth..with a faire throwgh stone aboue hym.

1607 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 474 For ane throcht stane to wmquhill maister Johnne Cowper his buriall.

1635 N. Campbell Treat. upon Death sig. C2 These graves whereupon yee trode in your entrie, this Church-yard, these through stones, that dead bell, that beir.

1703 W. Nicolson Misc. Accts. Diocese Carlile (1877) 106 A couple of fair Freestone Monuments or Through-Stones.

1766 Answers for Magistrates & Town-council of Queensferry to Petition A. Macaulay 20 The kirk-session did relieve the town-council of the burden of reparation of the church..out of funds arising from grave and through stones.

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor x, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 243 The muckle through-stane that stands on sax legs yonder.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Thruff-stone, a flat tomb stone.

1894 S. R. Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 55 [He] set a big thruch stane ower his first wife.

1912 E. Atkinson Greyfriars Bobby i. 6 Thickets of old slabs and through-stones, girt all about by time-stained monuments and vaults.

1937 Gallovidian Ann. 93 Great tomb-slabs resting on supports, the old ‘throch-stanes’.

1992 A. Lownie Edinb. Lit. Guide 46 The Covenant was signed in 1638 on the through-stane or horizontal gravestone on the south side of the church.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

through-stonen.²

Brit.

/ˈθruːstəʊn/, U.S.

/ˈθruˌstoʊn/

Forms:

α. 1700s– through-stone.

β. 1800s– thorough-stone Brit. /ˈθʌrəstəʊn/, U.S. /ˈθərəˌstoʊn/, /ˈθəroʊˌstoʊn/ (now rare).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: through- prefix, stone n., thorough- prefix.

Etymology: In α. forms < through- prefix + stone n. In β. forms < thorough- prefix + stone n. Compare earlier through n.³ 1a.

A stone or brick extending through the breadth of a wall (now esp. a drystone wall) to bind or strengthen it, and often projecting on either side; a bondstone. Cf. through n.³ 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick

hirne-stonec1000

parpen1252

coin1350

coin-stone1350

angler1365

parpal1369

corner-stonea1382

cunye1387

tuss1412

quoin1532

table stone1554

quoining1562

copestone1567

ground-stone1567

lock bandc1582

quinyie1588

perpender1611

whelmer1618

parpen stone1633

capstone1665

headera1684

through1683

quoin-stone1688

stretcher1693

closer1700

bed-stone1723

coping-brick1725

girder1726

footstone1728

heading brick1731

bossage1736

lewis-hole1740

shoulder1744

headstone1745

pawl1753

tail-bond1776

coping-stone1778

slocking-stone1778

throughband1794

through-stone1797

stretching-bond1805

core1823

keystone1823

tail-binder1828

stretching-stone1833

header brick1841

coign1843

pawl-stone1844

bay-stone1845

bonder1845

pillar-stone1854

bond-piece1862

stretcher-brick1867

toothing-stone1875

bond-stone1879

pierpoint1891

jumper1904

tush1905

padstone1944

α.

1797 J. Bailey & G. Culley Gen. View Agric. Northumberland vi. 58 About half way up, a row of through-stones are put, at the rate of 9 or 10 in a rood of 7 yards.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 112 Long stones should..be selected for the purpose of being placed occasionally across the wall, in order to bind it well together. These are termed throughs, or through stones.

1893 C. Hodges in Reliquary Jan. 9 The side walls..are built of large stones, as wide as the walls are thick, i.e. they are all through stones.

1910 F. T. Baggallay in A. B. Pite et al. Building Constr. I. ix. 247 Through stones are liable to conduct wet through the wall.

1967 W. G. Hoskins Fieldwork Local Hist. viii. 133 This wall is of the most primitive and massive construction, with no through stones.

2005 Independent 25 Apr. 10/3 The centre [of the dry-stone wall] is filled with rubble and at a height of two feet a layer of through stones is laid across the entire width.

β. 1813 Derby Mercury 22 Apr. One half of such Stones to be thorough Stones, for Walls of the respective thickness of Two feet.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 538 In each course of ashlar facing..thorough-stones should occasionally be introduced.1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 98/1 Thorough-stones or bond-stones.1903 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 33 197 The interior walls are bonded by thorough stones where possible.1951 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 10 34/2 Known to architects and masons, as perpent-stones, parping-ashlars, perpeyns, bonders, bond-stones, or thorough-stones.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	through-stone
释义	through-stonen.¹ Brit. /ˈθruːstəʊn/, U.S. /ˈθruˌstoʊn/, Scottish English /ˈθruston/ Forms: see through n.¹ and stone n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: through n.¹, stone n. Etymology: < through n.¹ + stone n. Scottish and English regional (northern) after Middle English. A large slab of stone laid over a tomb or grave; a horizontal gravestone; (also) a funeral monument consisting of a horizontal slab supported on columns; a table tomb; = through n.¹ 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > stone covering grave stone1303 gravestone1387 through-stonea1400 througha1425 burial-stone?a1500 trough1501 ledgerc1510 tombstone?1520 lair-stone1538 humeta1647 plank1660 ledger-stone1851 flatstone1855 grave-cover1875 hogback1889 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16762 + 94 Throgh stones in sunder brast, And ded bodyes gon rise. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 493 Thurwhestone, of a grave [1499 Pynson throwe or throwstone, a1500 King's Cambr. thwrwe ston, a1500 BL Add. 37789 throwe or thorw ston], sarcofagus. 1509 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 5 I will have a thorgh ston of marbill to be laid uppon my grave. 1540 in J. W. Clay North Country Wills (1908) I. 167 Y^t myne execoutoures shall bye a threwgh stone and laye upon my mother in Seynt Andrewes Church. 1593 Rites of Durham (Surtees 1903) 60 An other gentleman..was buryed in the said Garth..with a faire throwgh stone aboue hym. 1607 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 474 For ane throcht stane to wmquhill maister Johnne Cowper his buriall. 1635 N. Campbell Treat. upon Death sig. C2 These graves whereupon yee trode in your entrie, this Church-yard, these through stones, that dead bell, that beir. 1703 W. Nicolson Misc. Accts. Diocese Carlile (1877) 106 A couple of fair Freestone Monuments or Through-Stones. 1766 Answers for Magistrates & Town-council of Queensferry to Petition A. Macaulay 20 The kirk-session did relieve the town-council of the burden of reparation of the church..out of funds arising from grave and through stones. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor x, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 243 The muckle through-stane that stands on sax legs yonder. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Thruff-stone, a flat tomb stone. 1894 S. R. Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 55 [He] set a big thruch stane ower his first wife. 1912 E. Atkinson Greyfriars Bobby i. 6 Thickets of old slabs and through-stones, girt all about by time-stained monuments and vaults. 1937 Gallovidian Ann. 93 Great tomb-slabs resting on supports, the old ‘throch-stanes’. 1992 A. Lownie Edinb. Lit. Guide 46 The Covenant was signed in 1638 on the through-stane or horizontal gravestone on the south side of the church. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). through-stonen.² Brit. /ˈθruːstəʊn/, U.S. /ˈθruˌstoʊn/ Forms: α. 1700s– through-stone. β. 1800s– thorough-stone Brit. /ˈθʌrəstəʊn/, U.S. /ˈθərəˌstoʊn/, /ˈθəroʊˌstoʊn/ (now rare). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: through- prefix, stone n., thorough- prefix. Etymology: In α. forms < through- prefix + stone n. In β. forms < thorough- prefix + stone n. Compare earlier through n.³ 1a. A stone or brick extending through the breadth of a wall (now esp. a drystone wall) to bind or strengthen it, and often projecting on either side; a bondstone. Cf. through n.³ 1a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick hirne-stonec1000 parpen1252 coin1350 coin-stone1350 angler1365 parpal1369 corner-stonea1382 cunye1387 tuss1412 quoin1532 table stone1554 quoining1562 copestone1567 ground-stone1567 lock bandc1582 quinyie1588 perpender1611 whelmer1618 parpen stone1633 capstone1665 headera1684 through1683 quoin-stone1688 stretcher1693 closer1700 bed-stone1723 coping-brick1725 girder1726 footstone1728 heading brick1731 bossage1736 lewis-hole1740 shoulder1744 headstone1745 pawl1753 tail-bond1776 coping-stone1778 slocking-stone1778 throughband1794 through-stone1797 stretching-bond1805 core1823 keystone1823 tail-binder1828 stretching-stone1833 header brick1841 coign1843 pawl-stone1844 bay-stone1845 bonder1845 pillar-stone1854 bond-piece1862 stretcher-brick1867 toothing-stone1875 bond-stone1879 pierpoint1891 jumper1904 tush1905 padstone1944 α. 1797 J. Bailey & G. Culley Gen. View Agric. Northumberland vi. 58 About half way up, a row of through-stones are put, at the rate of 9 or 10 in a rood of 7 yards. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 112 Long stones should..be selected for the purpose of being placed occasionally across the wall, in order to bind it well together. These are termed throughs, or through stones. 1893 C. Hodges in Reliquary Jan. 9 The side walls..are built of large stones, as wide as the walls are thick, i.e. they are all through stones. 1910 F. T. Baggallay in A. B. Pite et al. Building Constr. I. ix. 247 Through stones are liable to conduct wet through the wall. 1967 W. G. Hoskins Fieldwork Local Hist. viii. 133 This wall is of the most primitive and massive construction, with no through stones. 2005 Independent 25 Apr. 10/3 The centre [of the dry-stone wall] is filled with rubble and at a height of two feet a layer of through stones is laid across the entire width. β. 1813 Derby Mercury 22 Apr. One half of such Stones to be thorough Stones, for Walls of the respective thickness of Two feet.1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 538 In each course of ashlar facing..thorough-stones should occasionally be introduced.1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 98/1 Thorough-stones or bond-stones.1903 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 33 197 The interior walls are bonded by thorough stones where possible.1951 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 10 34/2 Known to architects and masons, as perpent-stones, parping-ashlars, perpeyns, bonders, bond-stones, or thorough-stones. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1400n.²1797
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through-stonen.1

through-stonen.2

through-stonen.¹

through-stonen.²