thyselfpron.

Brit.

/ðʌɪˈsɛlf/, U.S.

/ˌðaɪˈsɛlf/

Forms: (Word division in Old and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.)

α. Old English þe selfa (weak declension), Old English ðe seolf (Northumbrian), Old English þe seolfa (weak declension), Old English þe silf, Old English ðe silf, Old English þe siluum (dative masculine), Old English ðe solf (Northumbrian), Old English þe sylfa (weak declension), Old English ðe sylfa (weak declension), Old English–early Middle English ðe self, Old English–early Middle English ðe sylf, Old English–Middle English þe self, Old English–Middle English þe sylf, early Middle English teself (south-west midlands, chiefly after d, t), early Middle English te self (south-west midlands, chiefly after d, t), early Middle English ðeself, early Middle English te sellf ( Ormulum, after t), early Middle English þe sellf ( Ormulum), early Middle English te sellfenn ( Ormulum, inflected form, after t), early Middle English þe sellfenn ( Ormulum, inflected form), early Middle English te seluen (south-west midlands, inflected form, after s), early Middle English ðeseluen (inflected form), early Middle English ðe seluen (inflected form), early Middle English þe-selwen (inflected form), early Middle English þe selwen (inflected form), early Middle English te seolf (south-west midlands, after d, t), early Middle English þe seolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þe seolfen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe seolue (south-western and south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English te seoluen (south-west midlands, inflected form, after t), early Middle English þe seoluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe solf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þe solue (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe sulf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þe sulfen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe suluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English ðe suluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe sylfuum (dative masculine), early Middle English þe sylue (inflected form), Middle English þeself, Middle English þe-self, Middle English þe selfe (inflected form), Middle English þeselue (inflected form), Middle English þe-selue (inflected form), Middle English þe selue (inflected form), Middle English þeseluen (inflected form), Middle English þe seluen (inflected form), Middle English þe zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), late Middle English the sylue, 1500s 1700s thee self, 1800s– theeself (regional), 1800s– theezelf (English regional (south-western)). OE Genesis A (1931) 1916 Leorna þe seolfa and geþancmeta þine mode on hwilce healfe þu wille hwyrft don.OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfgeat (Hatton) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 7 Ðu ne miht naht eaðe oðerne mann lufian, gif ðu þe sylfne ne lufast, ne oðrum men styran, gif ðu þe sylfum ne styrst.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) 4469 Forr ȝiff þu skaþesst aniȝ mann, Þu skaþesst firrst te sellfenn.a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 29 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 161 Ne beo þe loure þene þe solf ne þin mei ne þin maȝe.c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 537 Reue, areow þe seoluen.a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 Þu of þisse erme liue to ðe suluen us fecche.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 934 Of ðe self sal ðin erward ten.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 100 ‘Vader’..þe beþengþ of oþerhalf þe zelue, þine noblesse, þine uayrhede, þine richesse.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1669 Wilt þou þe selue & ous a slo þorw such a fol outtrage?a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18278 Ill has þou don þe-self to spede.?c1430 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 281 Þou puttest oþer folk biforn þin eien, þou puttest þe self bihinde þi bake..I take þe fro þi bak & putte þe bi-for þin owene eien.c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 276 But it techyth þe to kun knowe þe-self whanne þou art synfull & whanne þou art ryȝtfull.a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 7762 For to make the sylue strong, Thow shalt thy counsayl take off me.1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. v. sig. K.ii^v/1 Shew thee self such an one to thy parents, as thou wouldest wish to haue thy children shewe them selues to thee.1705 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 7) iv. ix. 160 I prithee good Wife hold thee self [1645 thy self] content.1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan II. 158 Take and read it for theeself.1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxix. 252 Brout thee! Why didn't'ee punch his head, or lay theeself doon and kick, and squeal out for the pollis?1898 ‘M. Gray’ Ribstone Pippins 116 Thankee kindly, and the zaäme to theezelf, Moses.1937 Eng. Rev. Mar. 364 The house was roaring. ‘Go it, Surrey,’ the lads were shouting. ‘Mind theeself.’1974 W. Foley Child in Forest i. v. 70 Thee bisn't 'alf gonna cop it off your mam for makin' sic a gawbee o' theeself in chapel.

β. early Middle English þi-seolf (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English þi seolf (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English þi-seolue (south-western, inflected form), early Middle English þi seolue (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þi seoluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þi-sulf (south-western), early Middle English þi sulf (south-western), early Middle English þisulf (south-western), early Middle English ði sulf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þisulue (south-western, inflected form), early Middle English þi sulue (south-western, inflected form), Middle English þeiself, Middle English thiself, Middle English thi-self, Middle English thi self, Middle English thiselff, Middle English thi selff, Middle English thisilf, Middle English thi-silf, Middle English thi silf, Middle English thi-silff, Middle English thysilf, Middle English thysilff, Middle English thy silff, Middle English thysylf, Middle English thy sylf, Middle English thy-sylff, Middle English thy sylff, Middle English thysylue, Middle English þi-seelf, Middle English þiself, Middle English þi-self, Middle English þi self, Middle English þi selff, Middle English þiselue (inflected form), Middle English þi-selue (inflected form), Middle English þi selue (inflected form), Middle English þiseluen (inflected form), Middle English þi-seluen, Middle English þi seluen, Middle English þi seluon (in a late copy), Middle English þi selve (inflected form), Middle English þisilf, Middle English þi-silf, Middle English þi silf, Middle English þi silff, Middle English þi-sylf, Middle English þi-zelf (south-eastern), Middle English þi-zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), Middle English þi zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), Middle English þyself, Middle English þy-self, Middle English þy self, Middle English þyselff, Middle English þy selue, Middle English þy selue (inflected form), Middle English þy-seluen (inflected form), Middle English þy seluen (inflected form), Middle English þysilf, Middle English þy silf, Middle English þy-zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), Middle English yiself (northern), Middle English yi self (northern), Middle English yi seluen (northern, inflected form), Middle English–1500s thyselff, Middle English–1600s thy selff, Middle English–1700s thy-self, Middle English–1700s thy self, Middle English– thyself, late Middle English thiselfe, late Middle English thi-selfe, late Middle English thi selfen (inflected form), late Middle English thiselffe, late Middle English thi selffe, late Middle English thi-seluen, late Middle English thi seluun, late Middle English thiselve, late Middle English thiselven (inflected form), late Middle English thisilfe, late Middle English thyselffe, late Middle English thyselue, late Middle English thyseluen, late Middle English thy seluen, late Middle English thyselve, late Middle English thyselven, late Middle English thy selven, late Middle English thy silfe, late Middle English thy sylfe, late Middle English thy syluen, late Middle English ti-self (after s), late Middle English þiselfe, late Middle English þi-selfe, late Middle English þi selfe, late Middle English þiselffe, late Middle English þi-selffe, late Middle English þi selffe, late Middle English þi selph, late Middle English þiselue, late Middle English þiseluen, late Middle English þiselve, late Middle English þiselwen, late Middle English þi silfe, late Middle English þyselfe, late Middle English þy-selfe, late Middle English þy seluyn, late Middle English þyseolue (west midlands), late Middle English 1600s thy selve, late Middle English–1500s thi selfe, late Middle English–1500s thy-selfe, late Middle English–1600s thy selfe, late Middle English–1600s thy selffe, late Middle English–1600s thy selue, late Middle English–1700s thyselfe; English regional 1800s– thaself, 1800s– thiself, 1900s– tha'self, 2000s– tha self; Scottish pre-1700 thaiself, pre-1700 thai self, pre-1700 thiself, pre-1700 thi-self, pre-1700 thi self, pre-1700 thi-selfe, pre-1700 thi selfe, pre-1700 thiselff, pre-1700 thi selff, pre-1700 thi selffe, pre-1700 thi-selwyne, pre-1700 thy self, pre-1700 thyselfe, pre-1700 thy-selfe, pre-1700 thy selfe, pre-1700 thyselff, pre-1700 thy selff, pre-1700 thy selfin, pre-1700 thy selvin, pre-1700 thy selvyn, pre-1700 1700s– thyself. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 151 Nulli þe na mare uuel þen þi seolf waldest.a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 123 Þenc hwat tu hauest of ði sulf: þu ert of two dolen, of licame & of soule.c1300 St. James Great (Laud) l. 339 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 44 Next me þou scholdest in Ioye beo..Ȝif þou woldest beon a martyr and þi-seolf [a1325 Corpus Cambr. þisulue] martri for mi loue.c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 900 O maiden..þou hast þiseluen yschent.c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 298 Þyself schal won wyth me ryȝt here.a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) l. 1717 Þe red dragoun so foul of syȝt Bytokenyþ þyseolue and þy myȝt.a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 12688 The nyhtyngale..Whos song ys euere, ‘Occy, occy,’ Wych ys to seyne..‘Go sle thy sylff.’a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 64 But..þou hadde ben warnyd by me þare-of, þy seluyn hadde takyn deed þurgh þe hete of fleschly kennynge with here.1557 F. Seager Schoole of Vertue in Babees Bk. (2002) iii. (heading) Howe to behaue thi selfe in seruynge the table.a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 309 Thow sall not mak to thaiself ony gravin image.a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd ii. iii. 9 in Wks. (1640) III Thou shoul'dst ha' given her, a Madge-Owle! and then Tho'hadst made a present o' thy selfe, Owle-spiegle!1655 J. Spencer Script. Mistaken 91 They ad the word any; thou shalt not make to thy selfe any grauen Image; which is not in the hebrew, but thus, thou shalt not make to thy selue an Idol.1707 E. Taylor Meditation: My Beloved is Mine in Poems (1960) 227 But oh! the Odds in th' purchase price down laid: Thyselfe's thy Price, myselfe my mony go'th.1788 R. Potter tr. Sophocles Tragedies 550 My dearest sister; for thy father dare, Dare for thy brother in this work engage; Redeem me from my ills, redeem thy self.1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 87 Thou must be bold, Henry; and bear thyself not as if thou wert going to the gallow-lee.a1904 H. Latham in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 661/2 [West Yorkshire] Ah say, tha wants to frame thiself or it's going to be spice-cake an' slow walking.1935 R. A. Knox Barchester Pilgrimage vi. 242 Or has lethargy overtaken thee, and dost thou lie in the hollows of Olympus, obnubilating thyself as of old with the fog of thy own eloquence?1995 K. Atkinson Behind Scenes at Museum (1996) vi. 180 Nell..suddenly turns to me and says (in a foreign language, I notice) ‘Aye, frame thyself, girl!’2002 W. Woodruff Road to Nab End (2003) 334 ‘Tha must sit thiself down, lad,’ they said, ‘and have a bite; tha looks clemmed’.

γ. late Middle English thyn self, late Middle English thynselfe, late Middle English thyn-selfe, late Middle English þinself, late Middle English þynself, late Middle English þyn self, late Middle English þyn seluyn, 1500s thyne self, 1600s 1800s– thine self, 1800s– thineself. c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1882) iv. l. 590 Deuyne not in resoun ay so depe Ne preciously but help þynself [a1413 Pierpont Morgan þiself] a-non.c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1868) l. 1174 Ffarewel þou wist þyn seluyn [c1405 Ellesmere thy seluen; c1405 Hengwrt thy self] verayly That þou & I ben dampned to presoun.a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 377 Ȝif þou..as a traytour flee..þinself þou most make of my lond fleme.c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 198 If thou wilte be clensede, accuse thynselfe in peyne, and prayse the ryghtwysnesse of god.a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1980) ii. 239 Þu schal ben þin owyn domysman, þin sete schal ben þin herte, and set þinself gilty aforn þinself domysman.a1500 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Ashm.) 1754 Kepe yu yis secrete vnto thyn-selfe in store.1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados ii. x. 178 Gif thou has in mynd decretit eik And weile likis thyne selfe [a1522 Cambr. thi self], and thine to eik Vnto the rewyne of Troy.a1662 R. Hubberthorn Coll. Wks. (1663) 80 And for lewdnesse, thou may own the guilt of that thine self.1867 J. L. Pfluger in S. E. D. Smith Soldier's Friend 283 Thou wilt thineself no doubt deny The soldiers' wants to supply.1933 A. Cannon Invisible Influence 153 The Great Lhama now turned to me and said, ‘Fear not any man; fear not thineself.’2001 R. Simmons Shock Therapy 45 Ahhh but, conquer thineself Veris, not the world.

δ. English regional 1600s thy-sell (Yorkshire), 1700s thyzel (Devon), 1800s tha zell (Devon), 1800s thee sell (Northumberland), 1800s thesel' (Northumberland), 1800s– te sel (Cumberland), 1800s– tesell (Westmorland), 1800s– tey sel (Cumberland), 1800s– thasel (northern), 1800s– theesel (northern), 1800s– theesel' (northern), 1800s– theesell (west midlands), 1800s– thisel (chiefly northern), 1800s– thysel (northern), 1800s– thyzul (Somerset), 1900s– thesel (Yorkshire), 1900s– theysel (Lancashire), 2000s– thysel'; Scottish pre-1700 thi sell, pre-1700 1700s thy sell, 1700s thysel', 1700s–1800s thysel, 1800s tysel' (after d), 1800s– theesel, 1800s– theesel', 1900s– deesell (Shetland and Orkney); Irish English (Wexford) 1700s–1800s theezil. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 149 That taill full meit thow has tauld be thi sell.a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis l. 1830 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 58 The ymage þat stude abone þe well..It Is þi sell.1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 17 Feill thow than sin, and abstane thy sell, Or thy rewaird salbe in hell.1609 A. Gardyne Garden Grave & Godlie Flowres sig. C4^v Reprobats vprises to rebell, And..does intend, To wrest thy Word, thou dictat hes thy sell [rhyme tell].1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S. No. 76) 348 Wad ta saw thy-sell, thou great Gammerstang! For sham, Woman!1728 A. Ramsay Poems II. 155 Thou needs nae mair, but paint thy sell.1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 110 Come w' ous gosp Learry, theezil and Melchere.1799 R. Burns Holy Willie's Prayer 2 Wha, as it pleases best thysel'.1838 T. Carlyle Jrnl. 30 Mar. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: Life in London (1884) I. v. 114 Dinna gang to dad tysel' a' abroad.1867 W. F. Rock Jim an' Nell 16 Bit step wayin tha zell.1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Te sel,..Tey sel,..thyself. This form is nearly obsolete.1931 Shetland Times 21 Mar. 7/5 An' foo wid du express deesell?1952 Stenwick Ann. 98 ‘Plaze theesel,’ replied Audrey coldly. ‘I hopp thoo enchoy id.’2005 G. McCaughrean White Darkness 164 Bite to eat, lass..Make thysel' useful and fix us a bite to eat, eh?

ε. English regional 1800s– theesen, 1800s– thee sen, 1800s– thiseln (Yorkshire), 1800s– thisen (northern), 1800s– thissen (Yorkshire), 1800s– thysen, 1900s– thasen, 1900s– thesen (Yorkshire), 1900s– thi' sen, 1900s– thyseln (Yorkshire), 2000s– tha sen, 2000s– thi'seln' (Yorkshire). 1830 R. Sharp Diary 30 Aug. (1997) 274 For Sham of theesen thou great ugly Beggar.1843 J. Ward Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent 231 Oi s'pose Siah wur abâit th' same age as thiseln, Rafy, wur he no'?1890 A. C. Bickley Midst Surrey Hills II. xv. 232 Whatever did 'un with thysen?1913 D. H. Lawrence Let. 1 Feb. (1962) I. 183 I should think you've forgotten the Yorkshire proverb, ‘An' if tha does owt for nowt, do it for thysen’.1991 P. Whelan Bright & Bold Design ii. iii. 93 Be thi' sen. Be no other but thi' sen.1998 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) (Relax section) 2 As thee knowst thee sen, there's nowt wrong with reyt fowk and they're t'salt o t'earth rahnd 'ere.2009 Times (Nexis) 28 May (T2 section) 7 Stop being mardy and get over tha sen.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: thee pron., self pron.

Etymology: Originally (in Old English) < thee pron. + self pron. (in two distinct constructions: see below). Subsequently (in Middle English) remodelled after the possessive forms thy adj. and thine adj., partly as a result of reanalysis of forms with reduced vowel in the first syllable, and partly by analogy with (similarly reanalysed) herself pron. Compare myself pron.Old English þē self , etc. (see α. forms) originally represents an inflected form (accusative and dative) of þū self ( < thou pron. + self pron.); the latter survives into Middle English in emphatic use. Compare the following:eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xvi. 66 Ðu seolfa const þeaw & gewunan þære Romaniscan cirican in þære þu afeded wære.lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. v. 249 Nu þu self nast hwæt þu self eart.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4899 Bi-þenc þu a þine quides þe þu self quiddest wið Claudien minne fader.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 497 Þu sulf art þar among, For of golnesse is al þi song.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27960 Lok þou self, vmthinckand te Þat þou in nan suilk plight be. As regards Old English þē self , etc., two distinct constructions may be discerned: one in which self is inflected in agreement with the case (accusative or dative) of the personal pronoun (compare quots. OE at sense 2, OE¹, OE² at sense 5), and another in which self is in the nominative (or occasionally uninflected) in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun þē representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare quots. at sense 1 and note at definition); compare further B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §§487–91 and see discussion at self pron. The distinct Old English accusative form þec (see discussion at thee pron. and n.²) is also attested in collocation with self ; compare: OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xix. 19 Diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum : lufa ðe nesta ðinne sua ðec seolfne [OE Rushw. þæc seolfne, OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. þe sylfne]. Compare also Old English þīn selfes , genitive of þū self , where the pronouns are in apposition (see B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §484):OE Crist I 9 Gesweotula nu þurh searocræft þin sylfes weorc.OE Paris Psalter (1932) cviii. 26 Þæt hi soð witan, þæt si þin sylfes hand and þu þas gedydest. Middle English, early modern English, and Older Scots forms like þe selue , thy selve , thy selvin , etc., which show a voiced fricative /v/, continue Old English inflected forms. Compare also 20th-cent. English regional (rare) thyselves (also thysens ), with plural reference ( < thyself pron. + plural ending -s), attested respectively from Wiltshire and Staffordshire (see C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. (1994) 489); the form thyselves is also occasionally attested as a pseudo-archaism.

The emphatic and reflexive pronoun corresponding to thou pron.In later use chiefly English regional, archaic and in religious language: see the etymological note to thou pron. and n.¹

I. Emphatic uses.

1. In apposition to the subjective pronoun thou or the objective pronoun thee, or after a verb in the imperative: for thy part; personally; as far as the person addressed is concerned.In Old English probably originally with þē as a kind of reflexive or ethical dative followed by emphatic self in agreement with the subject þū.

ΚΠ

OE Crist I 114 Þec nu for þearfum þin agen geweorc bideð.., þæt þu þa beorhtan us sunnan onsende, ond þe sylf cyme.

OE Andreas (1932) 1348 Ga þe sylfa to!

OE Genesis B 611 Þu meaht nu þe self geseon..þæt þe is ungelic wlite and wæstmas.

lOE Distichs of Cato (Trin. Cambr.) lxix, in Anglia (1972) 90 14 Þeah ðe monig mon herige, ne gelyf ðu him to wel, ac geþenc þe sylf hwæt his soðes sie.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4604 Lok þi seluen [Gött. þi selue, Fairf. þi-self] wit resun.

c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 511 (MED) Y have sent þe my sonde as þou þeiself bade.

c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 47 As thou thi seluun hase.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xx. 40 It is thine owne iudgment, thou hast geuen it thyselfe.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 239 Then get thee gone, and digge my graue thy selfe .

1611 Bible (King James) Luke vi. 42 When thou thy selfe beholdest not the beame that is in thine owne eye.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. iv. 17 In despight of all mischance, Of thee thy selfe, and all thy Complices.

1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Rehearsal Transprosed 471 Thou thyself instead of coarse drugget shalt wear sympathetick silk.

1703 B. Kennet tr. A. Godeau Pastoral Instr. 54 Dost Thou Thyself go astray?

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. xii. 90 Thou art thyself weary of the valley.

1798 W. S. Landor Gebir v. 50 I could without remorse Kill..E'en thee thyself.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 279 Thou thyself shalt preach up the pardoning of injuries.

1896 Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 4 July 3/8 Aye, nah, tha's some rahm to talk, hesn't ta, when tha nobbut did t'same thing thisen t'other day!

1922 L. Housman Little Plays of St. Francis 232 Thou thyself hast owned that what they say against thee is true.

1969 Rotarian Sept. 15/1 Thou shalt not expect any time or service..that thou are not equally willing to give thyself.

2004 Independent (Nexis) 4 Dec. 54 ‘Wipe bloody door tha self,’ said Margaret.

2. Used instead of the objective pronoun thee as the object of a verb or preposition.

ΚΠ

OE Andreas (1932) 644 Nu ic on þe sylfum soð oncnawe, wisdomes gewit, wundorcræfte sigesped geseald.., nu ic þe sylfum secgan wille oor ond ende.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. viii. l. 51 (MED) God wole suffre wel þi sleuthe, ȝif þi-self lyketh.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 328 (MED) Noȝt as a prophet ne a prest I prays sall þi selfe.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7920 I am euyn fayn Of þe sight of þi Self.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 68 He, whom next thy selfe Of all the world I lou'd.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 789 If severely thou exact not More strength from me, then in thy self was found.

1767 T. Bridges Homer Travestie (ed. 2) I. i. 8 What priest besides thyself e'er grumbl'd To have his daughter tightly tumbl'd?

1799 R. Burns Holy Willie's Prayer 2 Wha, as it pleases best thysel'.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. ix. 139 He then turned to thyself.

1868 J. Hartley Yorks. Ditties 9 Lad, here's tuppince for thee, For thi sen.

1885 H. Caine Shadow of Crime x. 217 Rich folk hev rowth of friends..an' olas will hev while the mak of thysel are aboot.

1903 St. Nicholas May 628/2 Yonder seat is called the Seat Royal, and that seat is for thyself.

1999 Re: Listen Up! in alt.stupidity (Usenet newsgroup) 2 Apr. Good Evening to thyself as well!

3. In noun-like use: thy being or personality; thy own or very self. Cf. yourself pron. 5. Now rare.

ΚΠ

a1300 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Caius) 81 Art tu þat swa seist ut of þi seoluen?

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 73 Yef þou wylt ywyte huet is guod and huet is kuead, guo out of þi zelue, guo out of þe wordle, lierne to sterue.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. iv. 3 Thou must be thy selfe .

1833 H. Ellison Madmoments I. 56 If thou wouldst be thyself, wouldst be a man, Live thine own Life; live for thyself.

1839 E. Bickersteth Bk. Private Devotions 245 My God, I love thee for thyself above all things.

1991 P. Whelan Bright & Bold Design ii. iii. 93 Be thi' sen. Be no other but thi' sen.

4. Used instead of the subjective pronoun thou. Now rare.

a. As subject.The verb in agreement is either in the 2nd person or in the 3rd (self then being treated as a noun).

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9568 ‘Fader,’ sco said, ‘þi doghter am i, Als þi-self wat witerli.’

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 876 Þi seluen is to wite I wis.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 93 Joseph, þi selph art old of Age.

?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Avj Why is nat thy selfe, contented with thy part.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11982 Þat thyselfe shuld haue socourd.

a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 19 Man, I am thy frend ay; Thy self art thy foo.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xx. 40 So shall thy iudgement bee, thy selfe hast discided it.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires x. 213 Thy Self may freely, on Thy Self bestow.

1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe II. 92 How Preach up, as thou dost, Vertue and Moderation, when thy self art Scarlet deep tinged with the Highest Crimes?

1742 C. Wesley in J. Wesley & C. Wesley Hymns & Sacred Poems i. 115 Thyself hast call'd me by my Name.

1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 83 The phantom thou behold'st thyself hath made.

1890 H. D. Rawnsley Poems, Ballads & Bucolics 122 I'se nobbut a middlinish creatur to-daäy, but how's thysen?

1976 C. L. Skelton Hardacre iii. vii. 349 ‘How do you do Mrs. Hardacre?’ ‘Fine, how's thee sen?’

b. As predicate, and after as or than.

ΚΠ

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 508 (MED) Þe goshauk of whom þe þouȝth Js þi-self, wery of-fouȝth.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1735 Þou has samed..a selly nounbre..Of laddis & of losengers & of litill theuys, Slike sary soroȝis as þi-selfe.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xlix. [l.] 21 Thou..thinkest me to be euen soch one as thy self.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. xxi. 13 Thou..hast slaine thy brethren..which were better then thy selfe .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 76 Thou art Dromio, thou art my man, thou art thy selfe .

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 468 What there thou seest fair Creature is thy self .

1720 R. Welton tr. T. Alvares de Andrade Sufferings Son of God I. ix. 231 Thou wouldst not suffer those Infant-Martyrs..to endure so much as Thy Self.

1762 tr. in T. Percy Misc. Pieces relating to Chinese 174 One then was thyself: who was the other?

1848 Graham's Mag. Nov. 246/1 I am slower, much slower to anger than thyself.

1880 G. MacDonald Bk. of Strife 8 It is thyself, and neither this nor that,..told, taught, or dreamed of thee.

1906 R. R. Hobbs Court of Pilate xvi. 207 Then satisfy thyself by calling to those who know better than thyself.

1945 Gazette (Montreal) 19 Apr. 9/2 There is none other than Thyself, Almighty Ruler of the Universe,..able to bring to naught the counsels of evil men.

II. Reflexive uses.

5. As direct or indirect object or as the object of a preposition.Originally only used for emphasis, but later in general use, largely replacing the reflexive thee (thee pron. 2).

ΚΠ

OE Waldere i. 22 Weorða ðe selfne godum dædum, ðenden ðin god recce.

OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfgeat (Hatton) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 6 Þu wyrcst þe sylfne þe to wiðerwinnan, ðu dest yfele þe sylfum, þæt þu forsyhst godes word.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 202 Þenh hwet þu hauest of þeseolf.

a1300 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Caius) 2 Þu dest me freme & hermest þi seluen.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John i. 22 What seist thou of thi silf?

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 131 For to loue þi louerd leuere þen þi-seluen.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12804 O þe-self [Fairf., Gött. þi-self] quat wil þou sai?

1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xvi. sig. E.iiij ^v Wylt enhabyte thiselfe in a strange contrey?

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lxiii. C To make thy self a glorious name.

a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1866) I. 73 Let thy question be, ‘What have I done?’ and make thy anatomy of thyself.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xxii. 213 Deceive not thyself by overexpecting happinesse in the married estate.

1683 J. Bunyan Greatness of Soul 190 Chuse for thy self good Soul-Shepherds.

a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium 49 in Wks. (1721) II. Thou to thyself dost Glory raise, By re-enforcing our Decays.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 227 Well, Child,..how dost find thyself?

a1764 C. Churchill Serm. (1765) Ded. p. iii When Thou art to Thyself, thy Sire unknown, A Whole, Welsh Genealogy Alone?

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan II. 158 Take and read it for theeself.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 92 Thou assertest thyself to be the son of the King.

1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words 101 Wesh thisel an mak thisel a mack of mense.

1929 F. Manning Middle Parts of Fortune I. v. 95 Dost turn thysen to t'wall, lad, so's us 'ns sha'n't see tha dick?

1964 L. Durrell in Two Cities 9 72 Dost thou..lay thyself once more open, O literary mooncalf To a creative's friendly but well-aimed suppository?

1995 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 26 Feb. (Review Suppl.) 18 It's a day for topping thasen, right enough.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	thyself
释义	thyselfpron. Brit. /ðʌɪˈsɛlf/, U.S. /ˌðaɪˈsɛlf/ Forms: (Word division in Old and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.) α. Old English þe selfa (weak declension), Old English ðe seolf (Northumbrian), Old English þe seolfa (weak declension), Old English þe silf, Old English ðe silf, Old English þe siluum (dative masculine), Old English ðe solf (Northumbrian), Old English þe sylfa (weak declension), Old English ðe sylfa (weak declension), Old English–early Middle English ðe self, Old English–early Middle English ðe sylf, Old English–Middle English þe self, Old English–Middle English þe sylf, early Middle English teself (south-west midlands, chiefly after d, t), early Middle English te self (south-west midlands, chiefly after d, t), early Middle English ðeself, early Middle English te sellf ( Ormulum, after t), early Middle English þe sellf ( Ormulum), early Middle English te sellfenn ( Ormulum, inflected form, after t), early Middle English þe sellfenn ( Ormulum, inflected form), early Middle English te seluen (south-west midlands, inflected form, after s), early Middle English ðeseluen (inflected form), early Middle English ðe seluen (inflected form), early Middle English þe-selwen (inflected form), early Middle English þe selwen (inflected form), early Middle English te seolf (south-west midlands, after d, t), early Middle English þe seolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þe seolfen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe seolue (south-western and south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English te seoluen (south-west midlands, inflected form, after t), early Middle English þe seoluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe solf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þe solue (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe sulf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þe sulfen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe suluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English ðe suluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þe sylfuum (dative masculine), early Middle English þe sylue (inflected form), Middle English þeself, Middle English þe-self, Middle English þe selfe (inflected form), Middle English þeselue (inflected form), Middle English þe-selue (inflected form), Middle English þe selue (inflected form), Middle English þeseluen (inflected form), Middle English þe seluen (inflected form), Middle English þe zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), late Middle English the sylue, 1500s 1700s thee self, 1800s– theeself (regional), 1800s– theezelf (English regional (south-western)). OE Genesis A (1931) 1916 Leorna þe seolfa and geþancmeta þine mode on hwilce healfe þu wille hwyrft don.OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfgeat (Hatton) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 7 Ðu ne miht naht eaðe oðerne mann lufian, gif ðu þe sylfne ne lufast, ne oðrum men styran, gif ðu þe sylfum ne styrst.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) 4469 Forr ȝiff þu skaþesst aniȝ mann, Þu skaþesst firrst te sellfenn.a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 29 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 161 Ne beo þe loure þene þe solf ne þin mei ne þin maȝe.c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 537 Reue, areow þe seoluen.a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 Þu of þisse erme liue to ðe suluen us fecche.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 934 Of ðe self sal ðin erward ten.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 100 ‘Vader’..þe beþengþ of oþerhalf þe zelue, þine noblesse, þine uayrhede, þine richesse.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1669 Wilt þou þe selue & ous a slo þorw such a fol outtrage?a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18278 Ill has þou don þe-self to spede.?c1430 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 281 Þou puttest oþer folk biforn þin eien, þou puttest þe self bihinde þi bake..I take þe fro þi bak & putte þe bi-for þin owene eien.c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 276 But it techyth þe to kun knowe þe-self whanne þou art synfull & whanne þou art ryȝtfull.a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 7762 For to make the sylue strong, Thow shalt thy counsayl take off me.1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. v. sig. K.ii^v/1 Shew thee self such an one to thy parents, as thou wouldest wish to haue thy children shewe them selues to thee.1705 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 7) iv. ix. 160 I prithee good Wife hold thee self [1645 thy self] content.1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan II. 158 Take and read it for theeself.1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxix. 252 Brout thee! Why didn't'ee punch his head, or lay theeself doon and kick, and squeal out for the pollis?1898 ‘M. Gray’ Ribstone Pippins 116 Thankee kindly, and the zaäme to theezelf, Moses.1937 Eng. Rev. Mar. 364 The house was roaring. ‘Go it, Surrey,’ the lads were shouting. ‘Mind theeself.’1974 W. Foley Child in Forest i. v. 70 Thee bisn't 'alf gonna cop it off your mam for makin' sic a gawbee o' theeself in chapel. β. early Middle English þi-seolf (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English þi seolf (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English þi-seolue (south-western, inflected form), early Middle English þi seolue (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þi seoluen (south-west midlands, inflected form), early Middle English þi-sulf (south-western), early Middle English þi sulf (south-western), early Middle English þisulf (south-western), early Middle English ði sulf (south-west midlands), early Middle English þisulue (south-western, inflected form), early Middle English þi sulue (south-western, inflected form), Middle English þeiself, Middle English thiself, Middle English thi-self, Middle English thi self, Middle English thiselff, Middle English thi selff, Middle English thisilf, Middle English thi-silf, Middle English thi silf, Middle English thi-silff, Middle English thysilf, Middle English thysilff, Middle English thy silff, Middle English thysylf, Middle English thy sylf, Middle English thy-sylff, Middle English thy sylff, Middle English thysylue, Middle English þi-seelf, Middle English þiself, Middle English þi-self, Middle English þi self, Middle English þi selff, Middle English þiselue (inflected form), Middle English þi-selue (inflected form), Middle English þi selue (inflected form), Middle English þiseluen (inflected form), Middle English þi-seluen, Middle English þi seluen, Middle English þi seluon (in a late copy), Middle English þi selve (inflected form), Middle English þisilf, Middle English þi-silf, Middle English þi silf, Middle English þi silff, Middle English þi-sylf, Middle English þi-zelf (south-eastern), Middle English þi-zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), Middle English þi zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), Middle English þyself, Middle English þy-self, Middle English þy self, Middle English þyselff, Middle English þy selue, Middle English þy selue (inflected form), Middle English þy-seluen (inflected form), Middle English þy seluen (inflected form), Middle English þysilf, Middle English þy silf, Middle English þy-zelue (south-eastern, inflected form), Middle English yiself (northern), Middle English yi self (northern), Middle English yi seluen (northern, inflected form), Middle English–1500s thyselff, Middle English–1600s thy selff, Middle English–1700s thy-self, Middle English–1700s thy self, Middle English– thyself, late Middle English thiselfe, late Middle English thi-selfe, late Middle English thi selfen (inflected form), late Middle English thiselffe, late Middle English thi selffe, late Middle English thi-seluen, late Middle English thi seluun, late Middle English thiselve, late Middle English thiselven (inflected form), late Middle English thisilfe, late Middle English thyselffe, late Middle English thyselue, late Middle English thyseluen, late Middle English thy seluen, late Middle English thyselve, late Middle English thyselven, late Middle English thy selven, late Middle English thy silfe, late Middle English thy sylfe, late Middle English thy syluen, late Middle English ti-self (after s), late Middle English þiselfe, late Middle English þi-selfe, late Middle English þi selfe, late Middle English þiselffe, late Middle English þi-selffe, late Middle English þi selffe, late Middle English þi selph, late Middle English þiselue, late Middle English þiseluen, late Middle English þiselve, late Middle English þiselwen, late Middle English þi silfe, late Middle English þyselfe, late Middle English þy-selfe, late Middle English þy seluyn, late Middle English þyseolue (west midlands), late Middle English 1600s thy selve, late Middle English–1500s thi selfe, late Middle English–1500s thy-selfe, late Middle English–1600s thy selfe, late Middle English–1600s thy selffe, late Middle English–1600s thy selue, late Middle English–1700s thyselfe; English regional 1800s– thaself, 1800s– thiself, 1900s– tha'self, 2000s– tha self; Scottish pre-1700 thaiself, pre-1700 thai self, pre-1700 thiself, pre-1700 thi-self, pre-1700 thi self, pre-1700 thi-selfe, pre-1700 thi selfe, pre-1700 thiselff, pre-1700 thi selff, pre-1700 thi selffe, pre-1700 thi-selwyne, pre-1700 thy self, pre-1700 thyselfe, pre-1700 thy-selfe, pre-1700 thy selfe, pre-1700 thyselff, pre-1700 thy selff, pre-1700 thy selfin, pre-1700 thy selvin, pre-1700 thy selvyn, pre-1700 1700s– thyself. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 151 Nulli þe na mare uuel þen þi seolf waldest.a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 123 Þenc hwat tu hauest of ði sulf: þu ert of two dolen, of licame & of soule.c1300 St. James Great (Laud) l. 339 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 44 Next me þou scholdest in Ioye beo..Ȝif þou woldest beon a martyr and þi-seolf [a1325 Corpus Cambr. þisulue] martri for mi loue.c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 900 O maiden..þou hast þiseluen yschent.c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 298 Þyself schal won wyth me ryȝt here.a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) l. 1717 Þe red dragoun so foul of syȝt Bytokenyþ þyseolue and þy myȝt.a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 12688 The nyhtyngale..Whos song ys euere, ‘Occy, occy,’ Wych ys to seyne..‘Go sle thy sylff.’a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 64 But..þou hadde ben warnyd by me þare-of, þy seluyn hadde takyn deed þurgh þe hete of fleschly kennynge with here.1557 F. Seager Schoole of Vertue in Babees Bk. (2002) iii. (heading) Howe to behaue thi selfe in seruynge the table.a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 309 Thow sall not mak to thaiself ony gravin image.a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd ii. iii. 9 in Wks. (1640) III Thou shoul'dst ha' given her, a Madge-Owle! and then Tho'hadst made a present o' thy selfe, Owle-spiegle!1655 J. Spencer Script. Mistaken 91 They ad the word any; thou shalt not make to thy selfe any grauen Image; which is not in the hebrew, but thus, thou shalt not make to thy selue an Idol.1707 E. Taylor Meditation: My Beloved is Mine in Poems (1960) 227 But oh! the Odds in th' purchase price down laid: Thyselfe's thy Price, myselfe my mony go'th.1788 R. Potter tr. Sophocles Tragedies 550 My dearest sister; for thy father dare, Dare for thy brother in this work engage; Redeem me from my ills, redeem thy self.1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 87 Thou must be bold, Henry; and bear thyself not as if thou wert going to the gallow-lee.a1904 H. Latham in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 661/2 [West Yorkshire] Ah say, tha wants to frame thiself or it's going to be spice-cake an' slow walking.1935 R. A. Knox Barchester Pilgrimage vi. 242 Or has lethargy overtaken thee, and dost thou lie in the hollows of Olympus, obnubilating thyself as of old with the fog of thy own eloquence?1995 K. Atkinson Behind Scenes at Museum (1996) vi. 180 Nell..suddenly turns to me and says (in a foreign language, I notice) ‘Aye, frame thyself, girl!’2002 W. Woodruff Road to Nab End (2003) 334 ‘Tha must sit thiself down, lad,’ they said, ‘and have a bite; tha looks clemmed’. γ. late Middle English thyn self, late Middle English thynselfe, late Middle English thyn-selfe, late Middle English þinself, late Middle English þynself, late Middle English þyn self, late Middle English þyn seluyn, 1500s thyne self, 1600s 1800s– thine self, 1800s– thineself. c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1882) iv. l. 590 Deuyne not in resoun ay so depe Ne preciously but help þynself [a1413 Pierpont Morgan þiself] a-non.c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1868) l. 1174 Ffarewel þou wist þyn seluyn [c1405 Ellesmere thy seluen; c1405 Hengwrt thy self] verayly That þou & I ben dampned to presoun.a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 377 Ȝif þou..as a traytour flee..þinself þou most make of my lond fleme.c1450 Speculum Christiani (Harl. 6580) (1933) 198 If thou wilte be clensede, accuse thynselfe in peyne, and prayse the ryghtwysnesse of god.a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1980) ii. 239 Þu schal ben þin owyn domysman, þin sete schal ben þin herte, and set þinself gilty aforn þinself domysman.a1500 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Ashm.) 1754 Kepe yu yis secrete vnto thyn-selfe in store.1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados ii. x. 178 Gif thou has in mynd decretit eik And weile likis thyne selfe [a1522 Cambr. thi self], and thine to eik Vnto the rewyne of Troy.a1662 R. Hubberthorn Coll. Wks. (1663) 80 And for lewdnesse, thou may own the guilt of that thine self.1867 J. L. Pfluger in S. E. D. Smith Soldier's Friend 283 Thou wilt thineself no doubt deny The soldiers' wants to supply.1933 A. Cannon Invisible Influence 153 The Great Lhama now turned to me and said, ‘Fear not any man; fear not thineself.’2001 R. Simmons Shock Therapy 45 Ahhh but, conquer thineself Veris, not the world. δ. English regional 1600s thy-sell (Yorkshire), 1700s thyzel (Devon), 1800s tha zell (Devon), 1800s thee sell (Northumberland), 1800s thesel' (Northumberland), 1800s– te sel (Cumberland), 1800s– tesell (Westmorland), 1800s– tey sel (Cumberland), 1800s– thasel (northern), 1800s– theesel (northern), 1800s– theesel' (northern), 1800s– theesell (west midlands), 1800s– thisel (chiefly northern), 1800s– thysel (northern), 1800s– thyzul (Somerset), 1900s– thesel (Yorkshire), 1900s– theysel (Lancashire), 2000s– thysel'; Scottish pre-1700 thi sell, pre-1700 1700s thy sell, 1700s thysel', 1700s–1800s thysel, 1800s tysel' (after d), 1800s– theesel, 1800s– theesel', 1900s– deesell (Shetland and Orkney); Irish English (Wexford) 1700s–1800s theezil. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 149 That taill full meit thow has tauld be thi sell.a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis l. 1830 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 58 The ymage þat stude abone þe well..It Is þi sell.1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 17 Feill thow than sin, and abstane thy sell, Or thy rewaird salbe in hell.1609 A. Gardyne Garden Grave & Godlie Flowres sig. C4^v Reprobats vprises to rebell, And..does intend, To wrest thy Word, thou dictat hes thy sell [rhyme tell].1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S. No. 76) 348 Wad ta saw thy-sell, thou great Gammerstang! For sham, Woman!1728 A. Ramsay Poems II. 155 Thou needs nae mair, but paint thy sell.1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 110 Come w' ous gosp Learry, theezil and Melchere.1799 R. Burns Holy Willie's Prayer 2 Wha, as it pleases best thysel'.1838 T. Carlyle Jrnl. 30 Mar. in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: Life in London (1884) I. v. 114 Dinna gang to dad tysel' a' abroad.1867 W. F. Rock Jim an' Nell 16 Bit step wayin tha zell.1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Te sel,..Tey sel,..thyself. This form is nearly obsolete.1931 Shetland Times 21 Mar. 7/5 An' foo wid du express deesell?1952 Stenwick Ann. 98 ‘Plaze theesel,’ replied Audrey coldly. ‘I hopp thoo enchoy id.’2005 G. McCaughrean White Darkness 164 Bite to eat, lass..Make thysel' useful and fix us a bite to eat, eh? ε. English regional 1800s– theesen, 1800s– thee sen, 1800s– thiseln (Yorkshire), 1800s– thisen (northern), 1800s– thissen (Yorkshire), 1800s– thysen, 1900s– thasen, 1900s– thesen (Yorkshire), 1900s– thi' sen, 1900s– thyseln (Yorkshire), 2000s– tha sen, 2000s– thi'seln' (Yorkshire). 1830 R. Sharp Diary 30 Aug. (1997) 274 For Sham of theesen thou great ugly Beggar.1843 J. Ward Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent 231 Oi s'pose Siah wur abâit th' same age as thiseln, Rafy, wur he no'?1890 A. C. Bickley Midst Surrey Hills II. xv. 232 Whatever did 'un with thysen?1913 D. H. Lawrence Let. 1 Feb. (1962) I. 183 I should think you've forgotten the Yorkshire proverb, ‘An' if tha does owt for nowt, do it for thysen’.1991 P. Whelan Bright & Bold Design ii. iii. 93 Be thi' sen. Be no other but thi' sen.1998 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) (Relax section) 2 As thee knowst thee sen, there's nowt wrong with reyt fowk and they're t'salt o t'earth rahnd 'ere.2009 Times (Nexis) 28 May (T2 section) 7 Stop being mardy and get over tha sen. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: thee pron., self pron. Etymology: Originally (in Old English) < thee pron. + self pron. (in two distinct constructions: see below). Subsequently (in Middle English) remodelled after the possessive forms thy adj. and thine adj., partly as a result of reanalysis of forms with reduced vowel in the first syllable, and partly by analogy with (similarly reanalysed) herself pron. Compare myself pron.Old English þē self , etc. (see α. forms) originally represents an inflected form (accusative and dative) of þū self ( < thou pron. + self pron.); the latter survives into Middle English in emphatic use. Compare the following:eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xvi. 66 Ðu seolfa const þeaw & gewunan þære Romaniscan cirican in þære þu afeded wære.lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. v. 249 Nu þu self nast hwæt þu self eart.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4899 Bi-þenc þu a þine quides þe þu self quiddest wið Claudien minne fader.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 497 Þu sulf art þar among, For of golnesse is al þi song.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27960 Lok þou self, vmthinckand te Þat þou in nan suilk plight be. As regards Old English þē self , etc., two distinct constructions may be discerned: one in which self is inflected in agreement with the case (accusative or dative) of the personal pronoun (compare quots. OE at sense 2, OE¹, OE² at sense 5), and another in which self is in the nominative (or occasionally uninflected) in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun þē representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare quots. at sense 1 and note at definition); compare further B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §§487–91 and see discussion at self pron. The distinct Old English accusative form þec (see discussion at thee pron. and n.²) is also attested in collocation with self ; compare: OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xix. 19 Diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum : lufa ðe nesta ðinne sua ðec seolfne [OE Rushw. þæc seolfne, OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. þe sylfne]. Compare also Old English þīn selfes , genitive of þū self , where the pronouns are in apposition (see B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §484):OE Crist I 9 Gesweotula nu þurh searocræft þin sylfes weorc.OE Paris Psalter (1932) cviii. 26 Þæt hi soð witan, þæt si þin sylfes hand and þu þas gedydest. Middle English, early modern English, and Older Scots forms like þe selue , thy selve , thy selvin , etc., which show a voiced fricative /v/, continue Old English inflected forms. Compare also 20th-cent. English regional (rare) thyselves (also thysens ), with plural reference ( < thyself pron. + plural ending -s), attested respectively from Wiltshire and Staffordshire (see C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. (1994) 489); the form thyselves is also occasionally attested as a pseudo-archaism. The emphatic and reflexive pronoun corresponding to thou pron.In later use chiefly English regional, archaic and in religious language: see the etymological note to thou pron. and n.¹ I. Emphatic uses. 1. In apposition to the subjective pronoun thou or the objective pronoun thee, or after a verb in the imperative: for thy part; personally; as far as the person addressed is concerned.In Old English probably originally with þē as a kind of reflexive or ethical dative followed by emphatic self in agreement with the subject þū. ΚΠ OE Crist I 114 Þec nu for þearfum þin agen geweorc bideð.., þæt þu þa beorhtan us sunnan onsende, ond þe sylf cyme. OE Andreas (1932) 1348 Ga þe sylfa to! OE Genesis B 611 Þu meaht nu þe self geseon..þæt þe is ungelic wlite and wæstmas. lOE Distichs of Cato (Trin. Cambr.) lxix, in Anglia (1972) 90 14 Þeah ðe monig mon herige, ne gelyf ðu him to wel, ac geþenc þe sylf hwæt his soðes sie. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4604 Lok þi seluen [Gött. þi selue, Fairf. þi-self] wit resun. c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 511 (MED) Y have sent þe my sonde as þou þeiself bade. c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 47 As thou thi seluun hase. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xx. 40 It is thine owne iudgment, thou hast geuen it thyselfe. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 239 Then get thee gone, and digge my graue thy selfe . View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Luke vi. 42 When thou thy selfe beholdest not the beame that is in thine owne eye. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. iv. 17 In despight of all mischance, Of thee thy selfe, and all thy Complices. 1673 Bp. S. Parker Reproof Rehearsal Transprosed 471 Thou thyself instead of coarse drugget shalt wear sympathetick silk. 1703 B. Kennet tr. A. Godeau Pastoral Instr. 54 Dost Thou Thyself go astray? 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. xii. 90 Thou art thyself weary of the valley. 1798 W. S. Landor Gebir v. 50 I could without remorse Kill..E'en thee thyself. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 279 Thou thyself shalt preach up the pardoning of injuries. 1896 Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 4 July 3/8 Aye, nah, tha's some rahm to talk, hesn't ta, when tha nobbut did t'same thing thisen t'other day! 1922 L. Housman Little Plays of St. Francis 232 Thou thyself hast owned that what they say against thee is true. 1969 Rotarian Sept. 15/1 Thou shalt not expect any time or service..that thou are not equally willing to give thyself. 2004 Independent (Nexis) 4 Dec. 54 ‘Wipe bloody door tha self,’ said Margaret. 2. Used instead of the objective pronoun thee as the object of a verb or preposition. ΚΠ OE Andreas (1932) 644 Nu ic on þe sylfum soð oncnawe, wisdomes gewit, wundorcræfte sigesped geseald.., nu ic þe sylfum secgan wille oor ond ende. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. viii. l. 51 (MED) God wole suffre wel þi sleuthe, ȝif þi-self lyketh. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 328 (MED) Noȝt as a prophet ne a prest I prays sall þi selfe. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7920 I am euyn fayn Of þe sight of þi Self. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 68 He, whom next thy selfe Of all the world I lou'd. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 789 If severely thou exact not More strength from me, then in thy self was found. View more context for this quotation 1767 T. Bridges Homer Travestie (ed. 2) I. i. 8 What priest besides thyself e'er grumbl'd To have his daughter tightly tumbl'd? 1799 R. Burns Holy Willie's Prayer 2 Wha, as it pleases best thysel'. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. ix. 139 He then turned to thyself. 1868 J. Hartley Yorks. Ditties 9 Lad, here's tuppince for thee, For thi sen. 1885 H. Caine Shadow of Crime x. 217 Rich folk hev rowth of friends..an' olas will hev while the mak of thysel are aboot. 1903 St. Nicholas May 628/2 Yonder seat is called the Seat Royal, and that seat is for thyself. 1999 Re: Listen Up! in alt.stupidity (Usenet newsgroup) 2 Apr. Good Evening to thyself as well! 3. In noun-like use: thy being or personality; thy own or very self. Cf. yourself pron. 5. Now rare. ΚΠ a1300 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Caius) 81 Art tu þat swa seist ut of þi seoluen? 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 73 Yef þou wylt ywyte huet is guod and huet is kuead, guo out of þi zelue, guo out of þe wordle, lierne to sterue. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. iv. 3 Thou must be thy selfe . View more context for this quotation 1833 H. Ellison Madmoments I. 56 If thou wouldst be thyself, wouldst be a man, Live thine own Life; live for thyself. 1839 E. Bickersteth Bk. Private Devotions 245 My God, I love thee for thyself above all things. 1991 P. Whelan Bright & Bold Design ii. iii. 93 Be thi' sen. Be no other but thi' sen. 4. Used instead of the subjective pronoun thou. Now rare. a. As subject.The verb in agreement is either in the 2nd person or in the 3rd (self then being treated as a noun). ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9568 ‘Fader,’ sco said, ‘þi doghter am i, Als þi-self wat witerli.’ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 876 Þi seluen is to wite I wis. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 93 Joseph, þi selph art old of Age. ?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Avj Why is nat thy selfe, contented with thy part. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11982 Þat thyselfe shuld haue socourd. a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 19 Man, I am thy frend ay; Thy self art thy foo. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xx. 40 So shall thy iudgement bee, thy selfe hast discided it. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires x. 213 Thy Self may freely, on Thy Self bestow. 1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe II. 92 How Preach up, as thou dost, Vertue and Moderation, when thy self art Scarlet deep tinged with the Highest Crimes? 1742 C. Wesley in J. Wesley & C. Wesley Hymns & Sacred Poems i. 115 Thyself hast call'd me by my Name. 1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 83 The phantom thou behold'st thyself hath made. 1890 H. D. Rawnsley Poems, Ballads & Bucolics 122 I'se nobbut a middlinish creatur to-daäy, but how's thysen? 1976 C. L. Skelton Hardacre iii. vii. 349 ‘How do you do Mrs. Hardacre?’ ‘Fine, how's thee sen?’ b. As predicate, and after as or than. ΚΠ c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 508 (MED) Þe goshauk of whom þe þouȝth Js þi-self, wery of-fouȝth. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1735 Þou has samed..a selly nounbre..Of laddis & of losengers & of litill theuys, Slike sary soroȝis as þi-selfe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xlix. [l.] 21 Thou..thinkest me to be euen soch one as thy self. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. xxi. 13 Thou..hast slaine thy brethren..which were better then thy selfe . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 76 Thou art Dromio, thou art my man, thou art thy selfe . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 468 What there thou seest fair Creature is thy self . View more context for this quotation 1720 R. Welton tr. T. Alvares de Andrade Sufferings Son of God I. ix. 231 Thou wouldst not suffer those Infant-Martyrs..to endure so much as Thy Self. 1762 tr. in T. Percy Misc. Pieces relating to Chinese 174 One then was thyself: who was the other? 1848 Graham's Mag. Nov. 246/1 I am slower, much slower to anger than thyself. 1880 G. MacDonald Bk. of Strife 8 It is thyself, and neither this nor that,..told, taught, or dreamed of thee. 1906 R. R. Hobbs Court of Pilate xvi. 207 Then satisfy thyself by calling to those who know better than thyself. 1945 Gazette (Montreal) 19 Apr. 9/2 There is none other than Thyself, Almighty Ruler of the Universe,..able to bring to naught the counsels of evil men. II. Reflexive uses. 5. As direct or indirect object or as the object of a preposition.Originally only used for emphasis, but later in general use, largely replacing the reflexive thee (thee pron. 2). ΚΠ OE Waldere i. 22 Weorða ðe selfne godum dædum, ðenden ðin god recce. OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfgeat (Hatton) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 6 Þu wyrcst þe sylfne þe to wiðerwinnan, ðu dest yfele þe sylfum, þæt þu forsyhst godes word. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 202 Þenh hwet þu hauest of þeseolf. a1300 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Caius) 2 Þu dest me freme & hermest þi seluen. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John i. 22 What seist thou of thi silf? c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 131 For to loue þi louerd leuere þen þi-seluen. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12804 O þe-self [Fairf., Gött. þi-self] quat wil þou sai? 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xvi. sig. E.iiij ^v Wylt enhabyte thiselfe in a strange contrey? 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lxiii. C To make thy self a glorious name. a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1866) I. 73 Let thy question be, ‘What have I done?’ and make thy anatomy of thyself. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xxii. 213 Deceive not thyself by overexpecting happinesse in the married estate. 1683 J. Bunyan Greatness of Soul 190 Chuse for thy self good Soul-Shepherds. a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium 49 in Wks. (1721) II. Thou to thyself dost Glory raise, By re-enforcing our Decays. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 227 Well, Child,..how dost find thyself? a1764 C. Churchill Serm. (1765) Ded. p. iii When Thou art to Thyself, thy Sire unknown, A Whole, Welsh Genealogy Alone? 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan II. 158 Take and read it for theeself. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 92 Thou assertest thyself to be the son of the King. 1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words 101 Wesh thisel an mak thisel a mack of mense. 1929 F. Manning Middle Parts of Fortune I. v. 95 Dost turn thysen to t'wall, lad, so's us 'ns sha'n't see tha dick? 1964 L. Durrell in Two Cities 9 72 Dost thou..lay thyself once more open, O literary mooncalf To a creative's friendly but well-aimed suppository? 1995 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 26 Feb. (Review Suppl.) 18 It's a day for topping thasen, right enough. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < pron.OE
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