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单词 threst
释义

† threstthrastn.

Etymology: < Old English þrǽstan: see threst v.
Obsolete.
1. Torment, affliction, trouble, hardship.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]
sorec888
teeneOE
sorrowOE
workOE
wrakeOE
careOE
gramec1000
harmOE
howc1000
trayOE
woweOE
angec1175
derfnessc1175
sytec1175
unwinc1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
derf?c1225
grief?c1225
misease?c1225
misliking?c1225
ofthinkingc1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
pinec1275
distress1297
grievancea1300
penancea1300
cumbermentc1300
languorc1300
cumbering1303
were1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
woea1325
painc1330
tribulationc1330
illa1340
threst1340
constraintc1374
troublenessc1380
afflictiona1382
bruisinga1382
miseasetya1382
pressurec1384
exercisec1386
miscomfortc1390
mislikea1400
smarta1400
thronga1400
balec1400
painfulnessc1400
troublancec1400
smartness?c1425
painliness1435
perplexity?a1439
penalty?1462
calamity1490
penality1496
cumber?a1513
sussy1513
tribule1513
afflict?1529
vexation of spirit1535
troublesomeness1561
hoe1567
grievedness1571
tribulance1575
languishment1576
thrall1578
tine1590
languorment1593
aggrievedness1594
obturbation1623
afflictedness1646
erumny1657
pathos1684
shock1705
dree1791
vex1815
wrungnessa1875
dukkha1886
thinkache1892
sufferation1976
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction
teeneOE
harmOE
sourc1000
trayOE
angec1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
misease?c1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
sorenessc1275
grievancea1300
cumbermentc1300
cumbering1303
thro1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
encumbrancec1330
tribulationc1330
threst1340
mischiefa1375
pressc1375
unhend1377
miseasetya1382
angernessc1390
molestc1390
troublancec1400
notea1425
miseasenessc1450
cumber?a1513
tribule1513
unseasonableness?1523
troublesomeness1561
tribulance1575
tine1590
trials and tribulations1591
pressure1648
difficulty1667
hell to pay1758
dree1791
trial and tribulation1792
Queer Street1811
Sturm und Drang1857
a thin time1924
shit1929
crap1932
shtook1936
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun]
tintreghc893
threat971
piningOE
murderOE
anguish?c1225
woea1250
pinec1275
tormentc1290
languorc1300
heartbreakc1330
surcarkingc1330
martyrement1340
threst1340
agonyc1384
martyrdomc1384
tormentryc1386
martyre?a1400
tormentisec1405
rack?a1425
anguishing1433
angorc1450
anguishnessa1475
torture?c1550
heartsickness1556
butchery1582
heartache1587
anguishment1592
living hell1596
discruciation1597
heart-aching1607
throeing1615
rigour1632
crucifixion1648
lancination1649
bosom-hell1674
heart-rending1707
brain-racking1708
tormentation1789
bosom-throe1827
angoisse1910
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 121 Þe yefþe of drede is þe doreward to þe greate þreste, þet is..to þe greate þreapninge of godes dom.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 183 Þe guode kniȝt..þet..heþ y-byine uele þrestes mid grat wil and grat honger.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4283 For o quat pine es herder threst þen tharn þe thing men luues best.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 29168 Þai sal..Bren in þe fier of purgatori,..Bot efter-ward þat herd threst, Sal þai be borun in to rest.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11829 Ydropsi held him sua in threst, þat him thoght his bodi suld brest.
2. A thrust, a sharp stroke; the stroke or dart of lightning, a thunderbolt.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > a sharp or smart blow
dab1300
rapc1330
thresta1400
bruntc1400
knap14..
yedderc1440
gird1487
yert1509
fillip1543
yark1555
flewet1570
stingera1577
flirt1577
wherret1577
riprapc1580
spang1595
nick1651
lick1680
flip1692
yowf1711
clink1722
wherrya1726
click1773
whither1791
swata1800
yank1818
snock1825
clip1830
snop1849
clinkera1863
siserary1893
blip1894
a1400–50 Alexander 554 Þe liȝt lemand late laschis fra þe heuyn, Thonere thrastis ware thra thristid þe welkyn.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1443 For þre at þe fyrst þrast he þryȝt to þe erþe.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 952 Þe þik þunder þrast þirled hem ofte.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† threstthrastv.

Forms: α. Old English þrǽstan, Middle English þræsten, þreaste, Middle English þreste(n, Middle English þrest, Middle English threste, Middle English–1500s threst. β. Middle English þrasten, Middle English þrast, Middle English–1500s thrast, Scottish thraist. past tense Middle English þreaste ( þærste), Middle English þreste, Middle English threste, Middle English threst, Middle English–1500s þrested. β. Middle English þraste (Middle English þarste), Middle English–1500s thraste, thrast (Middle English tharst). past participle Old English þrǽst, þrǽsted, Middle English þrast, Middle English ( y)threst, Middle English–1500s thrast(e (Middle English threstyd), 1500s threst.
Etymology: Old English þrǽstan to writhe, twist, torture, torment, constrain, representing an Old Germanic type *þraistjan, not known in the other Germanic languages. Old English þrǽstan had no etymological connection with thrust n., early Middle English þrusten, þrysten, þristen, < Old Norse þrýsta (Old Germanic *þrûstjan), nor did the original senses of the two agree. But, apparently from the contiguity of the two forms þrest, and þrist, and possibly from the development in both verbs of the notion of constraint or pressure, the Old English verb appears to have been, by 1200, identified with the Norse verb, so that in Middle English they were treated more or less as parallel forms of one and the same word, and actually appear in some cases as variant manuscript readings. In Middle English, thrust, thrist was especially northern and north midland, and threst predominantly southern, where it still survived in 1542. The past tense thraste is here placed under threst, to which in form it belongs; but it is possible that it was also used by some whose present tense was thrist, or thrust.
Obsolete.
(The Old English sense 1 intransitive to twist, writhe, 2. transitive to torture, torment, plague, afflict, 3. to compress, constrain, compel, did not come down into Middle English.)
1. intransitive. To press (in, out, together, etc.); to push one's way; to crowd; = thrust v. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency
shovec888
thringc893
thresta1225
wina1300
thrustc1330
pressa1375
throngc1440
wrestc1450
thrimp1513
to put forward1529
intrude1562
breast1581
shoulder1581
haggle1582
strivea1586
wrestle1591
to push on (also along)1602
elabour1606
contend1609
to put on?1611
struggle1686
worry1702
crush1755
squeege1783
battle1797
scrouge1798
sweat1856
flounder1861
pull?1863
tank1939
bulldozer1952
terrier1959
α.
a1225 St. Marher. 9 In his ihurnd heauet..þreaste smeorðrinde smoke ut.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 164 Irruerunt super me. þet is haþresten in up on me.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 233 Aschip þe haueð feole þurles þer þe water þrest in.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11664 Mine cnihtes balde. scullen þræsten [c1300 Otho þreaste] bi-foren me.
a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 4157 So harde þai þreste to gedre þo, Þat here gerþes borste ato.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1754 He thurgh the thikkest of the throng gan threste.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 289 The valyaunt geffray..smote his hors with his sporys, & thrested in to myddes of his enemys.
β. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13293 Þer-after comen þrasten [c1300 Otho comen þreaste] þritti þusen anan.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13135 Moni þusenden þrasten [c1300 Otho þreste] ut of telden.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1977 Forþ sche þraste among hem alle.c1386 G. Chaucer Doctor's Tale 260 But right anon a thousand peple in thraste To saue the knyght.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 19462 Þen sulde alle to him þrast.a1400–50 Alexander 2939 Ȝit he threw to þe thrid & thrast inn þare-eftir.c1440 Partonope 7053 Forth into the Reynes he tharst And aboute hym leyde on fast.
2. transitive. To pierce, stab; to give (one) a thrust; = thrust v. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > pierce
asnesec880
prickOE
stickOE
through-stitchc1230
threstc1275
rivec1330
dartc1374
gridea1400
tanga1400
prochea1425
launch1460
accloy1543
gag1570
pole1728
spigota1798
assegai1834
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)] > strike with pointed weapon
prickOE
pritchOE
snese?c1225
threstc1275
stokea1300
bearc1330
stangc1340
broach1377
foinc1380
borea1400
dag?a1400
gorea1400
gridea1400
slot?a1400
staira1400
through-girdc1405
thrustc1410
runc1425
to run throughc1425
traversec1425
spitc1430
through-seeka1500
to run in1509
stab1530
to stab (a person) in1530
accloy1543
push1551
stoga1572
poacha1616
stocka1640
stoccado1677
stug1722
kittle1820
skewer1837
pitchfork1854
poke1866
chib1973
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with something sharp-pointed
shearOE
sting993
stickOE
spita1225
wound?c1225
stitchc1230
pitcha1275
threstc1275
forprick1297
steekc1300
piercec1325
rivec1330
dag?a1400
jag?a1400
lancec1400
pickc1400
tamec1400
forpierce1413
punch1440
launch1460
thringc1485
empiercec1487
to-pierce1488
joba1500
ding1529
stob?1530
probe1542
enthrill1563
inthirlc1580
cloy1590
burt1597
pink1597
lancinate1603
perterebrate1623
puncture1675
spike1687
skiver1832
bepierce1840
gimlet1841
prong1848
javelin1859
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15400 He com him baften and imong al þan þrunge þærsten him i þan ruge.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. ccv Lyke as he hadde ben thraste thorugh the herte with a thorne.
1526 R. Whitford tr. Martiloge 138 After all she was thrast unto the herte with a swerde.
1532 R. Whitford Werke for Housholders (new ed.) G iij One of the sowdyours made a wounde in his syde, and thraste him to the herte with a spere.
3. To push forcibly or violently; = thrust v. 1a and 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > push > with force or violence
thrustc1175
thrutchc1275
thringa1300
threstc1300
stetec1330
chok?a1400
runa1425
chop1562
tilt1582
jam1836
swag1958
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 951 Gemagog..þraste [c1275 Calig. þudde] Corineum fram-ward his breoste.
c1325 Song of Yesterday 69 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 135 Þenne schal vr bodies in eorþe be þrast.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 204 Hy þresten out hare eȝen.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1106 (1155) And yn here bosom þe lettre doun he þraste.
a1400 K. Alis. 3326 Beste He can his launce thorugh threste [Bodl. MS. þrest].
c1400 Rom. Rose 6825 By my treget, I gadre and threste The gret tresour into my cheste.
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8740 The cheke in twoo he brast, And his neke on sondre thrast.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii The Egle..thrested his clowes in to the tortoses bely.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. qq.ii Now we be thrast downe in to a very streyght augyll.
?1510 T. More in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. f.iv As a thefe betwene .ii. theuis threst.
1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces iii. sig. R.5 In no wyse he ought to threst downe that man that proueth maystryes with hym.
?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Civ He thrast his hande into the fyre.
4.
a. To press, squeeze; to crush; = thrust v. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)]
thrutchc888
distrainc1381
thrust1382
pressc1390
compressc1400
thresta1425
bruisec1465
thrumble1513
squize1548
squiss1558
scruze1590
squeeze1601
vice1602
squish1647
birzea1774
squeege1787
appress1789
squidge1881
punch1903
mash1930
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xxiv If..þe foote and þe knees haue ythrest doune wele þe erth and ypressede þe grasse a doune,..it is a grete deere and an heuy.
a1450 Tundale's Vis. (Wagner) 1357 He thrust [MS. A, thrast] hem, as men dose Grapes, to wryng out the wose.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. lxxxiiv At whiche Coronacion was so excedynge prease, That a knyght called Sir Iohn Bakwell was threstyd to deth.
b. To crowd; to cram; = thrust v. 3c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill > stuff or cram
cramc1000
pitchc1300
thrustc1380
purra1398
stopc1400
farcec1405
stuffc1440
line?1521
enfarce1531
threstc1540
pack1567
prag1567
prop1568
referse1580
thwack1582
ram1590
pang1637
farcinate1638
stivea1639
thrack1655
to craw outa1658
trig1660
steeve1669
stow1710
jam1719
squab1819
farcy1830
cram-jam1880
jam-pack1936
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4129 Two and thretty thried shippes þrast full of pepull.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 49v [They] poure their throtes and bealies thrasting full.
c. figurative. To oppress, vex.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > oppress [verb (transitive)]
beareOE
charka1300
to weigh downa1340
besit1377
to bear (a person or thing) heavyc1384
oppressc1384
thringa1400
empressc1400
accloyc1425
to sit downa1450
threst1513
downtread1536
to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595
to bear (a person or thing) hard (also heavily, heavy, etc.)1602
pressa1616
weight1647
to bear (a person or thing) heavily1702
weigh1794
freight1892
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. v. 58 Sen sic thochtis the thraistis [rhyme traistis].

Derivatives

† thresting n. Obsolete pressing, squeezing, crushing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > [noun]
distressc1384
press?1440
presseragec1450
thresting1481
thringing1483
thrust1513
squass1528
pressionc1540
squizing1565
pressure1601
squeezing1611
squishing1647
contrusiona1691
coercion1830
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 104 The threstyng that he suffred in his colyons made hym so faynt.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 245/2 The deken fyll [= fell]..by thympulsion and threstyng of the paynems.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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