† throthran.
Obsolete.
1. Struggle, contest; trouble.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [noun]
irrec825
gramec1000
brathc1175
wrathc1175
mooda1225
ortha1225
felonyc1290
irea1300
greme13..
thro1303
wrathhead1303
errorc1320
angera1325
gremth1340
iroura1380
brethc1380
couragec1386
heavinessc1386
felona1400
follya1400
wrathnessc1440
choler1530
blast1535
malice1538
excandescency1604
stomachosity1656
bad blood1664
corruption1799
needle1874
irateness1961
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction
teeneOE
harmOE
sourc1000
trayOE
angec1175
wosithc1200
ail?c1225
barrat?c1225
misease?c1225
passion?c1225
troublec1230
sorenessc1275
grievancea1300
cumbermentc1300
cumbering1303
thro1303
angera1325
strifea1325
sweama1325
encumbrancec1330
tribulationc1330
threst1340
mischiefa1375
pressc1375
unhend1377
miseasetya1382
angernessc1390
molestc1390
troublancec1400
notea1425
miseasenessc1450
cumber?a1513
tribule1513
unseasonableness?1523
troublesomeness1561
tribulance1575
tine1590
trials and tribulations1591
pressure1648
difficulty1667
hell to pay1758
dree1791
trial and tribulation1792
Queer Street1811
Sturm und Drang1857
a thin time1924
shit1929
crap1932
shtook1936
society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun]
i-winc888
wrestlingc890
fightc1000
flitec1000
teenOE
winOE
ungrithlOE
wara1200
cockingc1225
strife?c1225
strivingc1275
struta1300
barratc1300
thro1303
battlec1375
contentionc1384
tuggingc1440
militationa1460
sturtc1480
bargain1487
bargaining1489
distrifea1500
concertation1509
hold1523
conflict1531
ruffle1532
tangling1535
scamblingc1538
tuilyie1550
bustling1553
tilt1567
ruffling1570
wresting1570
certationc1572
pinglinga1578
reluctation1593
combating1594
yoking1594
bandying1599
tention1602
contrast1609
colluctation1611
contestationa1616
dimication1623
rixation1623
colluctance1625
decertation1635
conflicting1640
contrasto1645
dispute1647
luctation1651
contest1665
stickle1665
contra-colluctation1674
contrasting1688
struggle1706
yed1719
widdle1789
scrambling1792
cut and thrust1846
headbutting1869
push-and-pull1881
contending1882
thrust and parry1889
aggro1973
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > [noun] > bout
thro1303
wrestling1303
pulla1400
fall1597
wrestling pull1602
wrestle1670
wrestling-matcha1684
warslec1811
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 10570 Þat tyme was mykyl þro, And ofte was boþe werre and wo.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 54 In sclaundire & threte, & in thro.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13925 Mikel was þe pres, ful þykke þe þro.
a1400–50 Alexander 2282 He..Thringis to þe thrid time & þe thra [Dubl. MS. thro] wynnys [in wrestling].
2. Anger, wrath.
ΚΠ
a1400 Sir Perc. 376 I hafe spokene with thame, I wene, Wordes in throo.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 754 Ȝet for þretty in þrong I schal my þro steke.
3. Eagerness, keenness, haste.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [noun] > promptness or alacrity
readinessa1382
alacritya1460
promptitudea1460
thro1488
promptness1506
officiousness1596
earliness1617
alacriousness1657
slippiness1974
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 237 Our men on him thrang forthwart in-to thra.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid viii. Prol. 17 Thochtis thretis in thra our breistis ourthwort.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 804 He sa cummand in thra The maist man of all tha, That euer he had sene.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
† throthraadj.1adv.
Obsolete.
A. adj.1
1.
a. Stubborn, obstinate, persistent; reluctant to give way, or accede to a request.The spelling throw in quot. ?a1500 is apparently due to confusion with other words.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective]
starkOE
moodyOE
stithc1000
stidyc1175
stallc1275
harda1382
stubbornc1386
obstinate?1387
throa1400
hard nolleda1425
obstinant?a1425
pertinacec1425
stablec1440
dour1488
unresigned1497
difficultc1503
hard-necked1530
pertinatec1534
obstacle1535
stout-stomached1549
hard-faced1567
stunt1581
hard-headed1583
pertinacious1583
stuntly1583
peremptory1589
stomachous1590
mulish1600
stomachful1600
obstined1606
restive1633
obstinacious1649
opinionated1649
tenacious1656
iron-sided1659
sturdy1664
cat-witted1672
obstinated1672
unyielding1677
ruggish1688
bullet-headed1699
tough1780
pelsy1785
stupid1788
hard-set1818
thick and thin1822
stuntya1825
rigwiddie1826
indomitable1830
recalcitrant1830
set1848
mule-headed1870
muley1871
capitose1881
hard-nosed1917
tight1928
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28092 Vn-buxum haf i bene, and thra A-gayn my gastly fader al-sa.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5803 King pharaon..es ful thra [Trin. Cambr. þro], Lath sal him think to let þam ga.
?a1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 11 In this place, be you never so throe, Shall you no longer dwell.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5246 Þat were þro men in threpe, & thre-tyms mo.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xiii. 31 Than be not thra ȝour scherwand to confort.
?1565 Smyth that forged New Dame sig. B.iii Be thou neuer so throw I shal amende the sonne I trow.
1603 Philotus xl. sig. B4 Scho is sa ackwart and sa thra, That with refuse I come hir fra.
b. Of a corpse: Stiff, rigid.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > dead body > [adjective] > condition of
stiffa1200
colda1400
throa1400
starkc1425
clay-cold1633
stith1755
a1400–50 Alexander 4452 Graffis garnyscht of gold & gilten tombis Thurghis to thrawyn in quen ȝe þraa worthe.
2. Stubborn in fight, sturdy, bold; fierce. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > valour > valour or stoutness > [adjective] > keen, eager, or active
cofc1000
throc1330
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 777 Þei þou be þro, Lat mo men wiþ þe ride On rowe.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 3757 They..thristis to þe erthe Of the thraeste mene thre hundrethe.
c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 3570 Thir wordes herd the knyghtes twa, It made tham forto be mor thra.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 152 Wallace with him had fourty archarys thra.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. xii. 128 And Gelones, thai pepill of Sithya, In archery the quhilk ar wonder thra.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 250 The Albionis, thocht tha war neuir sa thra, Out of the feild on force wer maid to ga.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6422 Merion..With þre thousaund þro men þrong hym vnto.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6446, 6462, etc.
3. Angry, wroth, furious, violent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [adjective] > furiously angry
grim971
aweddeOE
woodlyc1000
anburstc1275
woodc1275
aburstc1300
eagerc1325
brotheful1330
brothely1330
furiousc1374
wroth as (the) wind1377
throc1380
fella1382
wrothlya1400
grindelc1400
raginga1425
furibund1490
bremit1535
outraging1567
fulminant?1578
wood-like1578
horn-mad1579
snuff1582
woodful1582
maddeda1586
rageful1585
furibundal1593
gary1609
fierce1611
wild1653
infuriate1667
hopping mad1675
maddened1735
sulphureous1751
savage1789
infuriated1796
bouncing mad1834
frenzy1859
furyinga1861
ropeable1870
furied1878
fulminous1886
livid1888
fit to be tied1894
hopping1894
fighting mad1896
tamping mad1946
up the wall1951
ravers1967
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > [adjective] > flowing rapidly or violently
stiff?a1366
sternc1374
throc1380
despitousa1450
stith1487
pouring1577
stickle1587
testy1610
sharp1655
unruly1697
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3968 Wan þay come to þe dupe Ryuer, þat wilde was & thro, Entrye þanne ne darst hy noȝt.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 344 Anger gaynez þe not a cresse, Who nedez schal þole be not so þro.
c1440 Bone Flor. 2075 Sche dyd me oonys an evyll dede, My harte was wondur throo.
c1475 Sqr. Lowe Degre 1017 With egre mode, and herte full throwe, The stewardes throte he cut in two.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 504 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 43 As he, þat firste wes cristis fa, and in thra will his men can sla.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 147 He bethought hym full thicke in his throo hert.
4.
a. Keen, eager, zealous, earnest.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [adjective]
needfulOE
anguishous?c1225
eager?a1300
throc1330
fierce1377
desirousc1386
affectuousa1400
yeverousa1400
inwardc1402
earnestful?1406
rathe?c1450
zealing1459
increc1480
affectual1483
zealous1526
affectioneda1533
jealous1535
heartyc1540
affectivec1550
earnest1563
pricking1575
forward1587
affectionate1598
passiveless1602
zealful1602
full-hearteda1616
wholehearted1644
intense1645
high1649
covetous1652
thorough-hearted1656
keen as mustard1659
fell1667
fervent1673
smirk1674
zealed1679
prest1697
strenuous1713
enthusiastic1741
enthusiastical1755
whole-souled1821
con amore1828
lyrical1875
mustard1919
gung ho1942
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 615 [He] was ful þra Of tristrem for to frain.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3264 Þre M. of men þat þro were to fiȝt.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14392 Ful deueli war þai Iuus thra, þair blisced lauerd for to sla.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. vi. 1198 Sancte Gregor..Made special and thra oryson þat God walde grant his saule to be..fre.
?a1500 Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) 451 Falsehed to further he was euer throe.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 9v Mony thoughtes full thro thrange in hir brest.
1775 J. Watson Hist. Halifax 547 A person is said to be thro about any thing, who is very keen or intent about it.]
b. figurative. Of a thing: Ready, apt, disposed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [adjective]
goodeOE
rightOE
queemlOE
belonglOE
behovingc1175
limplyc1200
tidefula1300
avenantc1300
mackc1330
worthy1340
hemea1350
convenientc1374
seemlya1375
shapelyc1374
ablea1382
cordant1382
meetc1385
accordable1386
accordinga1387
appurtenantc1386
pertinentc1390
accordanta1393
likea1393
setea1400
throa1400
agreeablec1425
habilec1425
suitly1426
competentc1430
suiting1431
fitc1440
proportionablec1443
justc1450
congruent?a1475
cordinga1475
congruec1475
afferant1480
belonging1483
cordable1485
hovable1508
attainanta1513
accommodate1525
agreeing1533
respondent1533
opportunate?1541
appropriate1544
commode1549
familiar1553
apt1563
pliant1565
liable1570
sortly1570
competible1586
sortable1586
fitty1589
accommodable1592
congruable1603
affining1606
feated1606
suity1607
reputable1611
suited1613
idoneousa1615
matchable1614
suitablea1616
congruous1631
fitten1642
responsal1647
appropriated1651
adapt1658
mack-like1672
squared1698
homogeneous1708
applicable1711
unforeign1718
fitted1736
congenial1738
assorted1790
accommodatable1874
OK1925
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 16560 Þei..cut þis tre in two..what þei wolde þerof shape: þerto hit was ful þro.
B. adv.
Obstinately; vigorously; boldly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb]
hardlyeOE
strongeOE
hardOE
fastOE
starklyOE
stalworthlyc1175
starkc1225
mainlyc1300
fellc1330
snellc1330
stout1338
wightlya1340
sadlya1375
sharplyc1380
tough1398
stoutly1399
throa1400
wighta1400
lustilyc1400
sorec1400
vigourslyc1400
stiff1422
vigoriouslya1450
vigorouslya1450
actuallya1470
stourlyc1480
forcely?a1500
lustly1529
fricklyc1540
dingilya1555
livelily?1565
crankly1566
forcibly1578
crank1579
wightily?a1600
proudly1600
energetically1609
stiffly1623
ding-dong1628
greenly1633
hard and fast1646
slashingly1659
thwackingly1660
warmlya1684
robustly1709
sonsily1729
forcefullya1774
vim1843
zippily1924
vibrantly1926
punchily1934
zingily1951
the mind > emotion > courage > bravery or boldness > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
strongeOE
boldlyOE
wellOE
coflyc1000
keenlyc1000
moodilyOE
fastOE
derflyc1175
trustlya1200
hardilyc1225
trustilya1375
ketec1380
throa1400
strenglya1425
strongfullyc1425
roidlya1500
virtuouslya1500
hardyflyc1500
brave1590
bold1597
audaciously1598
bravely1600
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adverb]
stoutly1303
a-strut1330
sturdilyc1374
obstinately1395
throa1400
pertinacelyc1425
stubbornlyc1430
pertinatelyc1475
stiffneckedlya1555
peremptorilya1575
pertinaciouslya1614
tenaciouslya1667
mulishly1795
stupidly1866
dourly1871
bloody-mindedly1962
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5997 Ȝitt þe kyng hem helde ful þro For wolde he not lete hem go.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6032 Oxen twenty and twa War drawand þis bell full thra.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aiiv The berne bovnit to the burgh..and thrang in full thra.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† throadj.2
Obsolete.
Origin, status, and meaning uncertain; occurs in the alliterative phrase thriven and thro, always commendatory or honorific, and apparently meaning something like ‘excellent’. It is not impossible that this may originally have been the same word as thro adj.1 2, and that ‘thriven and thro’ became a stock phrase which was vaguely used; cf. ‘a þro knight, þrivand in armys’, c1400 in thriving adj. 1, and the other references there given. But there seems also to have been connection in sense with thro v., as if it had been taken as ‘grown, become great’; cf. the phrases ‘throd and thriven’ [v.r. ‘wele þriuen’] a1400 at thriven adj. 1, ‘thryven ant thowen’ [from thee v.1 ] a1350 at thriven adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective]
faireOE
bremea1000
goodlyOE
goodfulc1275
noblec1300
pricec1300
specialc1325
gentlec1330
fine?c1335
singulara1340
thrivena1350
thriven and throa1350
gaya1375
properc1380
before-passinga1382
daintiful1393
principala1398
gradelya1400
burlyc1400
daintyc1400
thrivingc1400
voundec1400
virtuousc1425
hathelc1440
curiousc1475
singlerc1500
beautiful1502
rare?a1534
gallant1539
eximious1547
jolly1548
egregious?c1550
jellyc1560
goodlike1562
brawc1565
of worth1576
brave?1577
surprising1580
finger-licking1584
admirablea1586
excellinga1586
ambrosial1598
sublimated1603
excellent1604
valiant1604
fabulous1609
pure1609
starryc1610
topgallant1613
lovely1614
soaringa1616
twanging1616
preclarent1623
primea1637
prestantious1638
splendid1644
sterling1647
licking1648
spankinga1666
rattling1690
tearing1693
famous1695
capital1713
yrare1737
pure and —1742
daisy1757
immense1762
elegant1764
super-extra1774
trimming1778
grand1781
gallows1789
budgeree1793
crack1793
dandy1794
first rate1799
smick-smack1802
severe1805
neat1806
swell1810
stamming1814
divine1818
great1818
slap-up1823
slapping1825
high-grade1826
supernacular1828
heavenly1831
jam-up1832
slick1833
rip-roaring1834
boss1836
lummy1838
flash1840
slap1840
tall1840
high-graded1841
awful1843
way up1843
exalting1844
hot1845
ripsnorting1846
clipping1848
stupendous1848
stunning1849
raving1850
shrewd1851
jammy1853
slashing1854
rip-staving1856
ripping1858
screaming1859
up to dick1863
nifty1865
premier cru1866
slap-bang1866
clinking1868
marvellous1868
rorty1868
terrific1871
spiffing1872
all wool and a yard wide1882
gorgeous1883
nailing1883
stellar1883
gaudy1884
fizzing1885
réussi1885
ding-dong1887
jim-dandy1888
extra-special1889
yum-yum1890
out of sight1891
outasight1893
smooth1893
corking1895
large1895
super1895
hot dog1896
to die for1898
yummy1899
deevy1900
peachy1900
hi1901
v.g.1901
v.h.c.1901
divvy1903
doozy1903
game ball1905
goodo1905
bosker1906
crackerjack1910
smashinga1911
jake1914
keen1914
posh1914
bobby-dazzling1915
juicy1916
pie on1916
jakeloo1919
snodger1919
whizz-bang1920
wicked1920
four-star1921
wow1921
Rolls-Royce1922
whizz-bang1922
wizard1922
barry1923
nummy1923
ripe1923
shrieking1926
crazy1927
righteous1930
marvy1932
cool1933
plenty1933
brahmaa1935
smoking1934
solid1935
mellow1936
groovy1937
tough1937
bottler1938
fantastic1938
readyc1938
ridge1938
super-duper1938
extraordinaire1940
rumpty1940
sharp1940
dodger1941
grouse1941
perfecto1941
pipperoo1945
real gone1946
bosting1947
supersonic1947
whizzo1948
neato1951
peachy-keen1951
ridgey-dite1953
ridgy-didge1953
top1953
whizzing1953
badass1955
wild1955
belting1956
magic1956
bitching1957
swinging1958
ridiculous1959
a treat1959
fab1961
bad-assed1962
uptight1962
diggish1963
cracker1964
marv1964
radical1964
bakgat1965
unreal1965
pearly1966
together1968
safe1970
bad1971
brilliant1971
fabby1971
schmick1972
butt-kicking1973
ripper1973
Tiffany1973
bodacious1976
rad1976
kif1978
awesome1979
death1979
killer1979
fly1980
shiok1980
stonking1980
brill1981
dope1981
to die1982
mint1982
epic1983
kicking1983
fabbo1984
mega1985
ill1986
posho1989
pukka1991
lovely jubbly1992
awesomesauce2001
nang2002
bess2006
amazeballs2009
boasty2009
daebak2009
beaut2013
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 40 Wel were him þat wiste hire þoht, þat þryuen ant þro.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 He is þrustle þryuen in [? and] þro þat singeþ in sale.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 867 I seghe, says Iohan, þe loumbe hym stande, On þe mount of syon ful þryuen & þro.
a1450 Le Morte Arth. 589 There is no lady of flesshe ne bone In this world so thryve or thro, Thoughe hyr herte were stele or stone, That might hyr loue hald hym fro.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
† throv.
Obsolete.
a. intransitive. To grow, wax, increase in size or stature; to grow up. Cf. dialect throdden adj., fat, well-grown, in good condition, well-fed (Brockett, and Eng. Dial. Dict. Northumbria, Yorkshire).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [verb (intransitive)] > advance in age
forthgoa1325
throc1325
to wax in age or eld1340
grow1477
aspire1576
accrue1586
the world > people > person > adult > be adult [verb (intransitive)] > become adult
win of elda1300
throc1325
to grow up1535
discradle1634
to run up1713
mature1844
majorize1896
c1325 Metr. Hom. 112 That ilke childe Was sa unthewed and sa wilde, That alle the schathe that he moht do, He did quen he bigan to thro.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 240 Now [MS. no] gynnes Dauid to thro. For now bigynnes Dauid to wax a werreour.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3077 For quen [ysmael] throded [Gött. waxyn] was to yoman.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14806 Fast es he [sc. Jesus] throd [Gött. throdd] and thriuen, And mikel grace ai es him giuen.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5641 Quen it [the child Moses] was throd [Fairf. waxen, Gött. thriuen] and sumdel ald To kinges doghter sco it yald.
b. ? To advance. (Perhaps a different word.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)]
wadeOE
agoOE
forthganga1000
forthgoOE
syeOE
kenc1275
to-stepc1275
vaunce1303
forthnima1325
passc1330
throc1330
forthpass1382
to pass forthc1384
to carry forthc1390
proceedc1392
to go alongc1400
to be forthwardc1430
get) groundc1436
to set onc1450
avauntc1460
pretend1481
to make way1490
advance?1507
to get forward1523
promove1570
to rid ground (also space)1572
to rid (the) way1581
progressa1586
to gather grounda1593
to make forth1594
to make on1597
to work up1603
perge1607
to work one's (also its) way1609
to pass on1611
to gain ground1625
to make its way1645
vadea1660
propagate1700
to gain one's way1777
further1789
to pull up1829
on1840
to make (up) ground1921
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10058 Al softly he bad hem go, Þat non schulde byfore oþer þro Til þey come vnto þe bataille.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.1303adj.1adv.c1330adj.2a1350v.c1325- plate-bending
- plate-black
- plate-bolt
- plate-bone
- plate-book
- plate-brush
- plate-bush
- plate-buttoned
- plate-chest
- plate-coat
- plate-collecting
- plate-cutting
- plate-encased
- plate-formed
- plate-glasser
- plate-glazed
- plate-glazing
- plate-hat
- plate-hoe
- plate-jack
- plate-keel
- plate-keeper
- plate-knee
- plate-lace
- plate-layer