thravethreaven.

Brit.

/θreɪv/,

/θriːv/, U.S.

/θreɪv/,

/θriv/, Scottish English

/θrev/,

/θriv/

Forms: α. Old English plural þreues; Middle English–1500s, 1800s threve, Middle English threfe, 1500s threff, threif(f, threafe, 1600s Scottish thref, 1700s treave, Scottish threive, 1800s Scottish thrief, thrieve, 1600s– threave. β. Middle English Scottish thraf, Middle English–1500s thraue, thrafe, northern thrawe, 1500s thrayf, thravffe, Scottish thraif, 1800s thraive, Middle English– thrave. γ. Scottish and northernMiddle English traue, Middle English trawe, 1500s (1700s– dialect) trave (cf. medieval Latin trava in Du Cange), 1800s dialect traeve.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Of Scandinavian origin; in α, < West Scandinavian *þrefe, Icelandic þrefi, Norwegian treve, træve; in β, < East Scandinavian *þrafe, Middle Swedish þrave, Swedish trafve, Danish trave (whence North Frisian (Sylt.) traav). *þrefe and *þrafe were probably ablaut variants.

Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern).

1. Two shocks or stooks of corn (or pulse), generally containing twelve sheaves each, but varying in different localities; hence used as a measure of straw, fodder, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > sheaf > specific quantity of

thrave963

wheat-threave1812

lightness1844

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > pack, bundle, or bunch as unit > specifically of corn, straw, etc.

thrave963

α.

963–84 in Birch Cart. Sax. III. 367 Swa man ær simle dide tioþunge æt ælcere sylh an foðer cornes þe eahte þreues cornes on weron.

1483 Cath. Angl. 384/2 (MS. A.) A Threfe [v.r. thrave] of corne, traua.

1512–13 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 106 Pro xl threff straminis.

1556 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 30 The threafe or fodder, viij d.

1572 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1576. 708/2 For ane threif of custome stray.

1618–19 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) II. A Thirske woman presented for stealing six threaves of Hempe value 10/.

1716 Parochial Rec. Stonehouse 17 July To cause pull sixtie threive of heather for thatching.

1768 Case of Jeffry Ruffle 2 When cut down, the whole ought to be put into treaves of an equal size, and every tenth treave set out for the tythes.

1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 330 A threave of wheat, consisting of twenty-eight sheaves, each sheaf measuring thirty inches round,..a threave of barley, oats, or pease, of twenty-four sheaves, each thirty inches round.

1822 Lights & Shadows of Sc. Life 214 (Jam.) I have thrashed a few thrieves in the minister's barn.

1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 i. 129 An acre of good oats generally averages 32 threves (768 sheaves).

β. 1423 Act 2 Hen. VI c. 2 Endowé..dun Thrave des blees aprendre annuelment de chescun charue... Endowed..of a thraue of corn to be taken yerely of euery ploughe.?a1500 (a1475) Wright's Chaste Wife (1869) l. 245 A thrafe of flex.1537 Stanlowe Cell Inv. (Publ. Rec. Office) vj Thrayf of vnthrashen Barlycorne.1551 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 134 A c. thrave of wheit and rye at ij s. vj d. a thrave.1584 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 19 Eighte thravffe of stroue sould at Houle viij^d.1648 R. Filmer Free-holders Inquest 41 Their living..consisted chiefly upon the having of a thrave of corn of every plow-land.1865 W. White Eastern Eng. I. 289 Reapers got sixpence a thrave for their reaping.γ. 1284 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/97/3) Trauis litere emptis..pro eisdem [horses].c1447 in J. Raine Inventories & Acct. Rolls Benedictine Houses Jarrow & Monk-Wearmouth (1854) 242 Tho trawes and other arrerage of the said corn.1504–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 251 Pro 32 trave de lyng.1764 Museum Rusticum 2 xxxiii. 107 Some shock their sheaves setting them up in traves of six sheaves of a side, and two to cap them.1764 Museum Rusticum 2 xxxiii. 107 If the sheaves were dry when the traves were set up.1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Thrave, pron. trave, treeav.1900 Shetland News 22 Sept. (E.D.D.) What mak's doo o' da twartree [= two or three] traeve o' bare.1905 Contemp. Rev. July 95 I learned how to build a trave (which is by interpretation a shock or stook).

2. transferred and figurative. A large number; a company; a multitude, a ‘heap’, a ‘lot’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous

legiona1325

rout?c1335

multitudec1350

thrave1377

cloudc1384

schoola1450

meiniec1450

throng1538

ruckc1540

multitudine1547

swarm1548

regiment1575

armya1586

volley1595

pile1596

battalion1603

wood1608

host1613

armada1622

crowd1628

battalia1653

squadron1668

raffa1677

smytrie1786

raft1821

squash1884

α.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 55 I have þouȝtes a threve of þis þre piles, In what wode thei woxen.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist v. ii. sig. L2^v Gallants..[have] beene seene to flock here In threaues .

1635 J. Jones Adrasta iii. i. sig. G1 Come, gi' me a threave of kisses.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed v, in Tales Crusaders II. 102 Minstrels singing ballads by the threave.

β. 1486 Bk. St. Albans f vi b A Thraue of Throsheris.a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 260 Sum with ane thraif playis passage plane.1650 Bp. J. Hall Revelation Unrevealed xv. 130 Tydings..of a thrave of Jews newly converted.

†3. A bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle

sheafc725

handfulOE

truss12..

knitch13..

binding1388

bundle1398

faggot1447

bond1483

flaggat1487

bend-fulc1500

litch1538

thrave1606

fascicle1622

fawda1642

nitch1726

fascine1793

fasciculus1816

1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher ii. sig. C^v Lay me vm [sc. rushes] thus, In fine smoothe threaues, looke you sir, thus, in threaues.

1656 J. Mennes & J. Smith King Oberon's Apparel in Musarum Deliciæ 34 His Belt was made of mirtle leaves, Plaited in small curious threaves.

Derivatives

ˈthraver n. (also ˈthreaver) a reaper who is paid according to the number of thraves he cuts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > reaper or mower

reapmanOE

reaperOE

mower1225

shearer1318

puller1332

winner1352

repstera1450

harvestman1552

scytheman1577

harvester1589

sickler1638

messor1656

cradler1766

grass mower1779

thraver1813

reapa1825

bagger1844

cradle-man1889

1813 G. Robertson Agric. Surv. Kincardine 264 (Jam.) While a reaper cuts..at the rate of nine threaves a-day, a threaver will..cut ten threaves in the same time.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1053 Threavers..have a strong inducement to cut the straw near the ground.

ˈthreaving n. the practice of paying reapers at so much for the thraves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > type or spell of work or payment

plough-tail?1523

threaving1768

rounds1795

tut1800

yoking1812

bush-work1830

stoop labour1943

1768 Case of Jeffry Ruffle 2 He tythed it at the times he gathered in his corn for treaving or loading, by separating and setting out every tenth sheaf.

1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 329 About six years ago, another practice took place in that district, which..is called threaving.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	thrave
释义	thravethreaven. Brit. /θreɪv/, /θriːv/, U.S. /θreɪv/, /θriv/, Scottish English /θrev/, /θriv/ Forms: α. Old English plural þreues; Middle English–1500s, 1800s threve, Middle English threfe, 1500s threff, threif(f, threafe, 1600s Scottish thref, 1700s treave, Scottish threive, 1800s Scottish thrief, thrieve, 1600s– threave. β. Middle English Scottish thraf, Middle English–1500s thraue, thrafe, northern thrawe, 1500s thrayf, thravffe, Scottish thraif, 1800s thraive, Middle English– thrave. γ. Scottish and northernMiddle English traue, Middle English trawe, 1500s (1700s– dialect) trave (cf. medieval Latin trava in Du Cange), 1800s dialect traeve. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Of Scandinavian origin; in α, < West Scandinavian þrefe, Icelandic þrefi, Norwegian treve, træve; in β, < East Scandinavian þrafe, Middle Swedish þrave, Swedish trafve, Danish trave (whence North Frisian (Sylt.) traav). þrefe and þrafe were probably ablaut variants. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). 1. Two shocks or stooks of corn (or pulse), generally containing twelve sheaves each, but varying in different localities; hence used as a measure of straw, fodder, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > corn in sheaves > sheaf > specific quantity of thrave963 wheat-threave1812 lightness1844 the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > pack, bundle, or bunch as unit > specifically of corn, straw, etc. thrave963 α. 963–84 in Birch Cart. Sax. III. 367 Swa man ær simle dide tioþunge æt ælcere sylh an foðer cornes þe eahte þreues cornes on weron. 1483 Cath. Angl. 384/2 (MS. A.) A Threfe [v.r. thrave] of corne, traua. 1512–13 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 106 Pro xl threff straminis. 1556 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 30 The threafe or fodder, viij d. 1572 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1576. 708/2 For ane threif of custome stray. 1618–19 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) II. A Thirske woman presented for stealing six threaves of Hempe value 10/. 1716 Parochial Rec. Stonehouse 17 July To cause pull sixtie threive of heather for thatching. 1768 Case of Jeffry Ruffle 2 When cut down, the whole ought to be put into treaves of an equal size, and every tenth treave set out for the tythes. 1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 330 A threave of wheat, consisting of twenty-eight sheaves, each sheaf measuring thirty inches round,..a threave of barley, oats, or pease, of twenty-four sheaves, each thirty inches round. 1822 Lights & Shadows of Sc. Life 214 (Jam.) I have thrashed a few thrieves in the minister's barn. 1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 i. 129 An acre of good oats generally averages 32 threves (768 sheaves). β. 1423 Act 2 Hen. VI c. 2 Endowé..dun Thrave des blees aprendre annuelment de chescun charue... Endowed..of a thraue of corn to be taken yerely of euery ploughe.?a1500 (a1475) Wright's Chaste Wife (1869) l. 245 A thrafe of flex.1537 Stanlowe Cell Inv. (Publ. Rec. Office) vj Thrayf of vnthrashen Barlycorne.1551 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 134 A c. thrave of wheit and rye at ij s. vj d. a thrave.1584 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 19 Eighte thravffe of stroue sould at Houle viij^d.1648 R. Filmer Free-holders Inquest 41 Their living..consisted chiefly upon the having of a thrave of corn of every plow-land.1865 W. White Eastern Eng. I. 289 Reapers got sixpence a thrave for their reaping.γ. 1284 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/97/3) Trauis litere emptis..pro eisdem [horses].c1447 in J. Raine Inventories & Acct. Rolls Benedictine Houses Jarrow & Monk-Wearmouth (1854) 242 Tho trawes and other arrerage of the said corn.1504–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 251 Pro 32 trave de lyng.1764 Museum Rusticum 2 xxxiii. 107 Some shock their sheaves setting them up in traves of six sheaves of a side, and two to cap them.1764 Museum Rusticum 2 xxxiii. 107 If the sheaves were dry when the traves were set up.1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Thrave, pron. trave, treeav.1900 Shetland News 22 Sept. (E.D.D.) What mak's doo o' da twartree [= two or three] traeve o' bare.1905 Contemp. Rev. July 95 I learned how to build a trave (which is by interpretation a shock or stook). 2. transferred and figurative. A large number; a company; a multitude, a ‘heap’, a ‘lot’. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous legiona1325 rout?c1335 multitudec1350 thrave1377 cloudc1384 schoola1450 meiniec1450 throng1538 ruckc1540 multitudine1547 swarm1548 regiment1575 armya1586 volley1595 pile1596 battalion1603 wood1608 host1613 armada1622 crowd1628 battalia1653 squadron1668 raffa1677 smytrie1786 raft1821 squash1884 α. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 55 I have þouȝtes a threve of þis þre piles, In what wode thei woxen. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist v. ii. sig. L2^v Gallants..[have] beene seene to flock here In threaues . View more context for this quotation 1635 J. Jones Adrasta iii. i. sig. G1 Come, gi' me a threave of kisses. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed v, in Tales Crusaders II. 102 Minstrels singing ballads by the threave. β. 1486 Bk. St. Albans f vi b A Thraue of Throsheris.a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 260 Sum with ane thraif playis passage plane.1650 Bp. J. Hall Revelation Unrevealed xv. 130 Tydings..of a thrave of Jews newly converted. †3. A bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > bundle sheafc725 handfulOE truss12.. knitch13.. binding1388 bundle1398 faggot1447 bond1483 flaggat1487 bend-fulc1500 litch1538 thrave1606 fascicle1622 fawda1642 nitch1726 fascine1793 fasciculus1816 1606 G. Chapman Gentleman Vsher ii. sig. C^v Lay me vm [sc. rushes] thus, In fine smoothe threaues, looke you sir, thus, in threaues. 1656 J. Mennes & J. Smith King Oberon's Apparel in Musarum Deliciæ 34 His Belt was made of mirtle leaves, Plaited in small curious threaves. Derivatives ˈthraver n. (also ˈthreaver) a reaper who is paid according to the number of thraves he cuts. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > reaper or mower reapmanOE reaperOE mower1225 shearer1318 puller1332 winner1352 repstera1450 harvestman1552 scytheman1577 harvester1589 sickler1638 messor1656 cradler1766 grass mower1779 thraver1813 reapa1825 bagger1844 cradle-man1889 1813 G. Robertson Agric. Surv. Kincardine 264 (Jam.) While a reaper cuts..at the rate of nine threaves a-day, a threaver will..cut ten threaves in the same time. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1053 Threavers..have a strong inducement to cut the straw near the ground. ˈthreaving n. the practice of paying reapers at so much for the thraves. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > [noun] > type or spell of work or payment plough-tail?1523 threaving1768 rounds1795 tut1800 yoking1812 bush-work1830 stoop labour1943 1768 Case of Jeffry Ruffle 2 He tythed it at the times he gathered in his corn for treaving or loading, by separating and setting out every tenth sheaf. 1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 329 About six years ago, another practice took place in that district, which..is called threaving. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.963
随便看	underendow underengraver underenter underequipped underer underescheator underespial underest underestimate underestimated underestimates underestimating underestimation underestimations underexercise underexercised underexercises underexercising underexpose underexposed underexposes underexposing underexposure underexposures underf