bran.¹

Brit.

/brɑː/, U.S.

/brɑ/, South African English

/brʌ/,

/brɑː/

Forms: 1800s– bra, 1800s– bra', 1900s– brah (originally and chiefly North American).

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: brother n.

Etymology: Shortened < brother n., perhaps originally as a representation of a regional and colloquial pronunciation. Compare earlier bro n., and slightly earlier Buh n. and later Brer n.The word seems to have arisen independently in at least three regions: in the late 19th century in Caribbean English, and by the late 20th century in South African English and Hawaiian English. With the use in South African English perhaps compare similar use of Afrikaans broer ( < Dutch broer , variant (with elision of medial syllable) of broeder brother n.).

a. Originally Caribbean. Used as a familiar form of address to a man. Cf. brother n. 4c, bro n. 3b. Now chiefly South African and North American.In North America the word was popularized by surfers who adopted it from Hawaiian English; Hawaiian use of bra for ‘brother’ is recorded from 1965–70 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1985) I. 391/2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > of or to a man

sonOE

brotherOE

friarc1290

lad1535

fellow1577

bubba1841

old top1856

bra1869

bro1918

mush1936

ouboet1953

coz1961

oppa1963

bruv1970

the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > familiar form of address

mon amic1425

matec1500

boy1532

old lad1594

old boy1602

captaina1616

mon cher1673

old chap1823

old man1828

ou maat1838

boysie1846

old top1856

boetie1867

bra1869

cocker1888

mon vieux1888

face1891

yessir1892

George1903

old sport1905

old bean1917

segotia1917

babe1918

bro1918

tovarish1918

old egg1919

midear1921

old (tin of) fruit1923

sport1923

mush1936

cowboy1961

coz1961

wack1963

yaar1963

John1982

1869 H. G. Murray Tom Kittle's Wake 25 Bra, da whi side unoo da go?

1899 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 1 Sept. 7/5 Hawk ase John Crow how him mek a libin? John Crow say bra me had fe wait pon God.

1957 C. MacInnes City of Spades xiii. 190 ‘Hello bra,’ said some voice, and it was Arthur. ‘“Bra” is for Africans, not for Jumbles,’ I said to him.

1978 Staffrider 1 36 Believe in Allah, my bra and that will no longer be noise.

1994 S. Braude Mpho's Search xi. 65 Go well, bra.

2014 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 9 Dec. 67 I said, ‘Look brah, this game right here's going to be your breakout game.’

2018 www.news24.com (S. Afr.) 25 Mar. (news website, accessed 5 Apr. 2018) Some of the places where we go, there is cameras, bra. That is why I've got specific dates in my head.

b. slang (chiefly South African and North American). A man considered as a fellow member of a particular social or cultural group; a male friend or associate; (more generally) a man; a guy, a ‘dude’. Cf. bro n. 5a, 5b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun]

churla800

werec900

rinkeOE

wapmanc950

heOE

wyeOE

gomeOE

ledeOE

seggeOE

shalkOE

manOE

carmanlOE

mother bairnc1225

hemea1250

mother sona1250

hind1297

buck1303

mister mana1325

piecec1325

groomc1330

man of mouldc1330

hathela1350

sire1362

malea1382

fellowa1393

guestc1394

sergeant?a1400

tailarda1400

tulka1400

harlotc1405

mother's sona1470

frekea1475

her1488

masculinea1500

gentlemana1513

horse?a1513

mutton?a1513

merchant1549

child1551

dick1553

sorrya1555

knavea1556

dandiprat1556

cove1567

rat1571

manling1573

bird1575

stone-horse1580

loona1586

shaver1592

slave1592

copemate1593

tit1594

dog1597

hima1599

prick1598

dingle-dangle1605

jade1608

dildoa1616

Roger1631

Johnny1648

boy1651

cod1653

cully1676

son of a bitch1697

cull1698

feller1699

chap1704

buff1708

son of a gun1708

buffer1749

codger1750

Mr1753

he-man1758

fella1778

gilla1790

gloak1795

joker1811

gory1819

covey1821

chappie1822

Charley1825

hombre1832

brother-man1839

rooster1840

blokie1841

hoss1843

Joe1846

guy1847

plug1848

chal1851

rye1851

omee1859

bloke1861

guffin1862

gadgie1865

mug1865

kerel1873

stiff1882

snoozer1884

geezer1885

josser1886

dude1895

gazabo1896

jasper1896

prairie dog1897

sport1897

crow-eater1899

papa1903

gink1906

stud1909

scout1912

head1913

beezer1914

jeff1917

pisser1918

bimbo1919

bozo1920

gee1921

mush1936

rye mush1936

basher1942

okie1943

mugger1945

cat1946

ou1949

tess1952

oke1970

bra1974

muzhik1993

the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > male friend from one's own neighbourhood

homeboy1861

home1944

bro1969

bra1974

1974 Drum (Johannesburg) 22 Sept. 10 Like, you and your bra's move into a koesta where ander mannes are doing their thing.

1983 J. Matthews Park (1989) 40 He was always a sweet bra, and now he's dead in his coffin!

1997 Source Oct. 86 A 1995 legal battle with, as it appears on their Web page, ‘five cool brahs [who] are well known in the Southern California surf community’.

2002 Vanity Fair July 160/3 As expected, his brahs are reacting by giving him major props.

2008 Post (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 19 Nov. 19 Sunny and Mervs have been brahs for a very long time. They go together like sev and nuts.

2. Originally Caribbean. Usually with capital initial. As a title preceding a man's name, esp. a forename: ‘Brother’. Cf. bro n. 3a, Brer n. Now chiefly South African.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man

Mra1449

goodman1560

gaffer1575

mister1722

bro1832

bra1880

1880 Folk-lore Rec. 3 i. 53 He was met by the ox who greeted him with ‘Good-day bra 'Nanci’.

1899 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 1 Sept. 7/5 Bra John Crow.

1900 W. C. Murray (title of pamphlet) A week's Rambling with ‘Bra Quamin’.

1956 Drum (Johannesburg) Apr. 61 Story by ‘bra’ D. Can Themba. Pictures by ‘bra’ Gopal S. Naransamy.

1990 P. Magubane et al. Soweto Portrait of City ii. 30 ‘Bra Stan’ they said to Stan Motjuwadi, ‘We know that Mrs Mayet is one of us, but please take her back to town.’

2007 J. Maingard S. Afr. National Cinema viii. 155 Sox..young, smart, middle-class, black, who wants the part of Bra Zima in a local television series set in Soweto.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bran.²

Brit.

/brɑː/, U.S.

/brɑ/

Forms: Formerly also (as singular) bras.

Etymology: Shortened < brassière n.

colloquial.

= brassière n. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > brassière

brassière1911

bra1936

trainer bra1950

training bra1963

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [adjective] > brassière

bra1959

underwire1988

1936 W. B. M. Ferguson Somewhere off Borneo iv. 26 She wore nothing but a ‘bras’, the briefest of French knickers, and the sheerest of white silk hose.

1936 New Yorker 28 Mar. 7 (advt.) Bras..50 c.

1937 Night & Day 30 Sept. 27 (advt.) The Bra is one of the famous ‘Alphabet’ Bra's.

1948 Punch 2 June p. iii/1 (advt.) The two-piece is Rayon-Lastex with a bra adjustable in three..ways.

1959 Manch. Guardian 3 July 5/6 Elasticated sides and reinforced bra top.

1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 66 Bra-slip, petticoat or slip with top part shaped like a brassière and giving the support of a brassière.

Draft additions June 2006

Originally U.S. Frequently more fully auto bra, car bra, nose bra. A protective cover fitted over the front of a vehicle to guard against wear and tear; (often) spec. one also containing materials intended to absorb the microwaves used in police radar equipment and thus reduce the risk of detection when speeding (also more fully stealth bra).

ΚΠ

1971 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 16 June 4/4 A Los Angeles auto accessories salesman is featuring a padded ‘car bra’ as an ideal gift for Father's Day.

1980 Car & Driver Dec. 142/1 All of them are similar in construction, consisting of a vinyl stone-shield, or ‘bra’, lined with microwave absorber.

1987 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 8 Jan. v. 18/1 Should you wish to save the grill of your car from rocks, birds and debris, there is an expanded line of ‘auto bras’ that are custom tailored to fit your car.

1989 Car & Driver Sept. 140/2 The Stealth Bra incorporates microwave elements that minimize the return signal from police radar.

1998 Edmonton (Alberta) Sun (Nexis) 10 July ‘Nose-Bras’ are becoming more and more popular as a means of reducing rock chips, bug damage, etc. to the paint on the front of cars.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bran.³

Brit.

/brɑː/, U.S.

/brɑ/

Etymology: < bra- (in bracket n.): compare ket n.³

Quantum Mechanics.

A vector in Hilbert space that is the complex conjugate of a ket and is symbolized by <|. Frequently as bra vector.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [noun] > ket vector > complex conjugate of

bra1947

1947 P. A. M. Dirac Princ. Quantum Mech. (ed. 3) i. 19 We shall call the new vectors bra vectors, or simply bras, and denote a general one of them by the symbol <|, the mirror image of the symbol for a ket vector.

1957 F. Mandl Quantum Mech. (ed. 2) v. 102 The ket and bra vectors correspond to the column and row vectors of matrix algebra.

1972 J. M. Jauch in Salam & Wigner Aspects Quantum Theory ix. 164 These examples..show how Dirac's bra and ket notation, so effective as an operational device, may be based on a mathematically rigorous foundation.

1973 S. Wieder Foundations Quantum Theory iii. 47 The inner product b. a is a complex scalar obtained by multiplying the bra form of b by the ket form of a.

1974 P. W. Atkins Quanta 30 The state of a system whose wavefunction is Ψ_n(r) is represented by the ket |n>, and the conjugate Ψ_n^*(r) by the bra <n|.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹1869

n.²1936

n.³1947

单词	bra
释义	bran.¹ Brit. /brɑː/, U.S. /brɑ/, South African English /brʌ/, /brɑː/ Forms: 1800s– bra, 1800s– bra', 1900s– brah (originally and chiefly North American). Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: brother n. Etymology: Shortened < brother n., perhaps originally as a representation of a regional and colloquial pronunciation. Compare earlier bro n., and slightly earlier Buh n. and later Brer n.The word seems to have arisen independently in at least three regions: in the late 19th century in Caribbean English, and by the late 20th century in South African English and Hawaiian English. With the use in South African English perhaps compare similar use of Afrikaans broer ( < Dutch broer , variant (with elision of medial syllable) of broeder brother n.). 1. a. Originally Caribbean. Used as a familiar form of address to a man. Cf. brother n. 4c, bro n. 3b. Now chiefly South African and North American.In North America the word was popularized by surfers who adopted it from Hawaiian English; Hawaiian use of bra for ‘brother’ is recorded from 1965–70 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1985) I. 391/2. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > of or to a man sonOE brotherOE friarc1290 lad1535 fellow1577 bubba1841 old top1856 bra1869 bro1918 mush1936 ouboet1953 coz1961 oppa1963 bruv1970 the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > familiar form of address mon amic1425 matec1500 boy1532 old lad1594 old boy1602 captaina1616 mon cher1673 old chap1823 old man1828 ou maat1838 boysie1846 old top1856 boetie1867 bra1869 cocker1888 mon vieux1888 face1891 yessir1892 George1903 old sport1905 old bean1917 segotia1917 babe1918 bro1918 tovarish1918 old egg1919 midear1921 old (tin of) fruit1923 sport1923 mush1936 cowboy1961 coz1961 wack1963 yaar1963 John1982 1869 H. G. Murray Tom Kittle's Wake 25 Bra, da whi side unoo da go? 1899 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 1 Sept. 7/5 Hawk ase John Crow how him mek a libin? John Crow say bra me had fe wait pon God. 1957 C. MacInnes City of Spades xiii. 190 ‘Hello bra,’ said some voice, and it was Arthur. ‘“Bra” is for Africans, not for Jumbles,’ I said to him. 1978 Staffrider 1 36 Believe in Allah, my bra and that will no longer be noise. 1994 S. Braude Mpho's Search xi. 65 Go well, bra. 2014 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 9 Dec. 67 I said, ‘Look brah, this game right here's going to be your breakout game.’ 2018 www.news24.com (S. Afr.) 25 Mar. (news website, accessed 5 Apr. 2018) Some of the places where we go, there is cameras, bra. That is why I've got specific dates in my head. b. slang (chiefly South African and North American). A man considered as a fellow member of a particular social or cultural group; a male friend or associate; (more generally) a man; a guy, a ‘dude’. Cf. bro n. 5a, 5b. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > male friend from one's own neighbourhood homeboy1861 home1944 bro1969 bra1974 1974 Drum (Johannesburg) 22 Sept. 10 Like, you and your bra's move into a koesta where ander mannes are doing their thing. 1983 J. Matthews Park (1989) 40 He was always a sweet bra, and now he's dead in his coffin! 1997 Source Oct. 86 A 1995 legal battle with, as it appears on their Web page, ‘five cool brahs [who] are well known in the Southern California surf community’. 2002 Vanity Fair July 160/3 As expected, his brahs are reacting by giving him major props. 2008 Post (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 19 Nov. 19 Sunny and Mervs have been brahs for a very long time. They go together like sev and nuts. 2. Originally Caribbean. Usually with capital initial. As a title preceding a man's name, esp. a forename: ‘Brother’. Cf. bro n. 3a, Brer n. Now chiefly South African. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man Mra1449 goodman1560 gaffer1575 mister1722 bro1832 bra1880 1880 Folk-lore Rec. 3 i. 53 He was met by the ox who greeted him with ‘Good-day bra 'Nanci’. 1899 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 1 Sept. 7/5 Bra John Crow. 1900 W. C. Murray (title of pamphlet) A week's Rambling with ‘Bra Quamin’. 1956 Drum (Johannesburg) Apr. 61 Story by ‘bra’ D. Can Themba. Pictures by ‘bra’ Gopal S. Naransamy. 1990 P. Magubane et al. Soweto Portrait of City ii. 30 ‘Bra Stan’ they said to Stan Motjuwadi, ‘We know that Mrs Mayet is one of us, but please take her back to town.’ 2007 J. Maingard S. Afr. National Cinema viii. 155 Sox..young, smart, middle-class, black, who wants the part of Bra Zima in a local television series set in Soweto. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bran.² Brit. /brɑː/, U.S. /brɑ/ Forms: Formerly also (as singular) bras. Etymology: Shortened < brassière n. colloquial. = brassière n. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > brassière brassière1911 bra1936 trainer bra1950 training bra1963 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [adjective] > brassière bra1959 underwire1988 1936 W. B. M. Ferguson Somewhere off Borneo iv. 26 She wore nothing but a ‘bras’, the briefest of French knickers, and the sheerest of white silk hose. 1936 New Yorker 28 Mar. 7 (advt.) Bras..50 c. 1937 Night & Day 30 Sept. 27 (advt.) The Bra is one of the famous ‘Alphabet’ Bra's. 1948 Punch 2 June p. iii/1 (advt.) The two-piece is Rayon-Lastex with a bra adjustable in three..ways. 1959 Manch. Guardian 3 July 5/6 Elasticated sides and reinforced bra top. 1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 66 Bra-slip, petticoat or slip with top part shaped like a brassière and giving the support of a brassière. Draft additions June 2006 Originally U.S. Frequently more fully auto bra, car bra, nose bra. A protective cover fitted over the front of a vehicle to guard against wear and tear; (often) spec. one also containing materials intended to absorb the microwaves used in police radar equipment and thus reduce the risk of detection when speeding (also more fully stealth bra). ΚΠ 1971 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 16 June 4/4 A Los Angeles auto accessories salesman is featuring a padded ‘car bra’ as an ideal gift for Father's Day. 1980 Car & Driver Dec. 142/1 All of them are similar in construction, consisting of a vinyl stone-shield, or ‘bra’, lined with microwave absorber. 1987 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 8 Jan. v. 18/1 Should you wish to save the grill of your car from rocks, birds and debris, there is an expanded line of ‘auto bras’ that are custom tailored to fit your car. 1989 Car & Driver Sept. 140/2 The Stealth Bra incorporates microwave elements that minimize the return signal from police radar. 1998 Edmonton (Alberta) Sun (Nexis) 10 July ‘Nose-Bras’ are becoming more and more popular as a means of reducing rock chips, bug damage, etc. to the paint on the front of cars. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bran.³ Brit. /brɑː/, U.S. /brɑ/ Etymology: < bra- (in bracket n.): compare ket n.³ Quantum Mechanics. A vector in Hilbert space that is the complex conjugate of a ket and is symbolized by <\|. Frequently as bra vector. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [noun] > ket vector > complex conjugate of bra1947 1947 P. A. M. Dirac Princ. Quantum Mech. (ed. 3) i. 19 We shall call the new vectors bra vectors, or simply bras, and denote a general one of them by the symbol <\|, the mirror image of the symbol for a ket vector. 1957 F. Mandl Quantum Mech. (ed. 2) v. 102 The ket and bra vectors correspond to the column and row vectors of matrix algebra. 1972 J. M. Jauch in Salam & Wigner Aspects Quantum Theory ix. 164 These examples..show how Dirac's bra and ket notation, so effective as an operational device, may be based on a mathematically rigorous foundation. 1973 S. Wieder Foundations Quantum Theory iii. 47 The inner product b. a is a complex scalar obtained by multiplying the bra form of b by the ket form of a. 1974 P. W. Atkins Quanta 30 The state of a system whose wavefunction is Ψ_n(r) is represented by the ket \|n>, and the conjugate Ψ_n^*(r) by the bra <n\|. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1869n.²1936n.³1947
随便看	euges euglena euglenas euglenoid euglenoids euglobulin euglobulins euglossine euhages euharmonic euharmonic organ euhedral euhemerise euhemerised euhemerises euhemerising euhemerism euhemerisms euhemerist euhemeristic euhemerists euhemerize euhemerize into euhemerize out of euhemerized

bran.1

bran.2

Draft additions June 2006

bran.3

bran.¹

bran.²

bran.³