threatn.

Brit.

/θrɛt/, U.S.

/θrɛt/

Forms: Old English–Middle English þreat, (Old English ðreot(t, ðreatt), Middle English þreatt, Middle English þræt, Middle English þrat, Middle English þret, thrett, Middle English þret(e, thret(e, 1500s thrette, 1500s– threat.

Etymology: Old English þréat (masculine) (With sense 2 compare Old Norse þraut feminine struggle, labour, trouble) < Old Germanic *þrauto^z, -ā, from ablaut-series *þreut- , þraut- , þrut- (compare Old English þréotan to trouble, weary, Gothic us-þriutan to trouble, threaten, Old High German ir-drioȥan , Middle High German ver-drioȥen , German ver-drieszen , Dutch ver-drieten to trouble, vex; compare Latin trūdĕre to press, thrust). Sense 1 has the same form as 2 in Old English and early Middle English, and is commonly considered the same word; it appears to go back, like ‘throng’ and ‘press (of people)’, to the radical sense ‘to press’.

I. A press of people.

†1. A throng, press, crowd, multitude of people; a troop, band, body of men. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > densely packed together

threatc950

press?c1225

thring?c1225

threngc1275

throngc1330

shockc1430

crowd1567

frequency1570

gregation1621

frequence1671

push1718

munga1728

mampus?c1730

squeezer1756

squeeze1779

crush1806

cram1810

parrock1811

mass1814

scrouge1839

squash1884

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark iii. 32 gesætt ymb hine ðreat [c975 Rushw. G. ðe ðreatt, L. turba].

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark viii. 2 Ic milsa ofer ðreat [R. ðreott].

OE Cynewulf Elene 329 Þrungon þa on þreate þær on þrymme bad in cynestole caseres mæg, geatolic guðcwen golde gehyrsted.

OE Beowulf 2406 Se wæs on ðam ðreate þreotteoða secg.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13123 Hit is feole ȝere þat heore þrættes [c1300 Otho þretes] comen here.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4882 Riden ut to-some..þritti þusend þe þræt wes þa mare.

II. Senses relating to oppression or menace.

†2. Painful pressure, oppression, compulsion; vexation, torment; affliction, distress, misery; danger, peril. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > oppression, persecution, or affliction

threat971

constraintc1374

oppressiona1382

pressurec1384

aggrievancea1400

thronga1400

oppress1488

aggrievement1646

compression1759

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun]

tintreghc893

threat971

piningOE

murderOE

anguish?c1225

woea1250

pinec1275

tormentc1290

languorc1300

heartbreakc1330

surcarkingc1330

martyrement1340

threst1340

agonyc1384

martyrdomc1384

tormentryc1386

martyre?a1400

tormentisec1405

rack?a1425

anguishing1433

angorc1450

anguishnessa1475

torture?c1550

heartsickness1556

butchery1582

heartache1587

anguishment1592

living hell1596

discruciation1597

heart-aching1607

throeing1615

rigour1632

crucifixion1648

lancination1649

bosom-hell1674

heart-rending1707

brain-racking1708

tormentation1789

bosom-throe1827

angoisse1910

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun]

threat971

duressc1320

defoulc1330

tyrantry1340

tyrannyc1368

oppressinga1382

overleadinga1382

tyrandisea1382

overlayingc1384

oppression1387

oversettinga1398

thronga1400

overpressingc1450

impressionc1470

tyrantshipc1470

tyrannesse?a1475

aggravation1481

defouling1483

supprissiona1500

oppressmentc1537

conculcation1547

iron hand?1570

thrall1578

tyrannizing1589

tyranting1596

ingrating1599

pressure1616

regrate1621

overpressure1644

slavishness1684

iron heel1798

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > [noun]

threat971

oppressiona1382

oppress1488

downdraw1813

heavy-ladenness1877

971 Blickl. Hom. 119 Hie seoþþan ealle worlde wean & ealle þreatas oforhogodan.

OE Cynewulf Juliana 465 Is þeos þrag ful strong, þreat ormæte. Ic sceal þinga gehwylc þolian ond þafian on þinne dom.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 61 Listeð nu wich þreat dauid setted uppen us bute [we] lesten ure bihese.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Prol. (1810) p. xcviii With mykelle wo, In sclaundire, in threte & in thro.

13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xliv. 36 And þretes—þo beoþ vuele þre, ffurst and hunger and þesternesse.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 55 Þenne þrat moste I þole.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. l. 606 They wenden han put him to gret thret.

3. A denunciation to a person of ill to befall him; esp. a declaration of hostile determination or of loss, pain, punishment, or damage to be inflicted in retribution for or conditionally upon some course; a menace. Also figurative an indication of impending evil.The radical sense appears to be ‘pressure applied to the will by declaration of the harm that will follow non-compliance’. It is thus indirect compulsion.It is doubtful whether quots. c1000¹ belong here or to sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > [noun]

threatc1000

threating1046

threateningc1290

menacec1300

menacingc1385

shore1487

interminationa1530

minacitya1538

shoring1573

menacement1606

minacy1645

peril1892

Mau Mau1970

mau-mauing1970

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxv. 220 Ac mathathias nolde..godes æ forgægan for his [the king's] gramlican ðreate.

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxviii. 105 Ða hæþenan..heton hine secgan mid swyðlicum þreate hweþer he cristen wære.

c1200 Vices & Virt. 87 Oðerhwile cumeð maniȝe þohtes of godes þreatt of helle pines.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 58 Ne recche ich nouht of þine þrete.

c1325 Song of Yesterday 148 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 137 Ȝif þi neiȝebor þe manas Oþer to culle oþer to bete..þou wold drede þi neiȝebores þrete.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dviii^v Wherby he myght scape the manasses or threttes of god.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 121 There is no terror Cassius in your threats .

1751 T. Gray Elegy xvi. 8 The threats of pain and ruin to despise.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §1. 348 He met the hostility of the nobles with a threat which marked his power.

1884 Manch. Examiner 19 Feb. 5/4 Clouds full of the threat of rain.

4. Zoology. Animal behaviour that keeps other animals at a distance or strengthens social dominance without physical conflict. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [noun] > threatening behaviour

threat1933

1933 R. W. G. Hingston Meaning of Animal Colour v. 119 Whenever a bird has threat-colours on the crown, it either lowers its head so that the colours can be seen, or erects the feathers..to make them visible above the level of the beak.

1933 R. W. G. Hingston Meaning of Animal Colour x. 291 Song is an exhibition of threat.

1943 D. Lack Life of Robin iii. 26 It is..a threat display, serving to intimidate a trespassing robin.

1949 Brit. Birds 42 234 One female called a peculiar, low, harsh, single note..similar to a harsh growling threat-note.

1966 N. Tinbergen Animal Behaviour viii. 177 The signalling movements of higher animals, particularly those used in threat and courtship.

1978 P. Marsh et al. Rules of Disorder v. 127 Certain threat signals are evolved such that intra-specific conflicts became ceremonial in character.

1981 Oxf. Compan. Animal Behaviour 563/2 The opening of the mouth that precedes biting has evolved into a ritualized baring of the teeth that is characteristic of threat in many mammals.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

threatv.

Brit.

/θrɛt/, U.S.

/θrɛt/

Forms: 1. Present stem.

α. Old English þreatian, Middle English þræten, Middle English þreat, Middle English þreaten, Middle English þreatin, Middle English þreete, Middle English þrete, Middle English þretie, Middle English þretien, Middle English–1500s threte, 1500s threete, 1500s–1600s threate, 1500s– threat. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvii. §1 Þa..þreatiað eal moncynn mid hiora þrymme.a1225 Leg. Kath. 623 Me ham walde þreatin & leaden unlaheliche.a1225 Juliana 13 Nulle ich þe her onont þreate se þu þreate buhe ne beien.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1609 Me myd stone & lugge þreteþ.1483 Cath. Angl. 385/2 To Threte, minari.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 755/2 I threete, or I thretten one to do hym harme, je menasse. 1600 [see sense 5].

β. Middle English–1500s thret, Middle English–1500s thrette, Middle English–1600s thrett. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19181 Þar-for sal we thret þam herd.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18247 Nu þai thrett [Gött. thret] us sare.c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 147 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 362 Gyf be fyre þu threttis me.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clx. 194 Whan ye be at Parys..ye do thret thenglysshmen.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Gg.iij^v She..thretteth them that be absent.

γ. Middle English þratten, Middle English þrattien. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10149 Swiðe heo gunnen þrattien [c1300 Otho þretie] Arður þene king.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9351 Þrattest [see 4a].

2. Past tense.

α. Old English threatade, Old English þreatade, Old English þreatode, Middle English þræted, Middle English þrættede, Middle English þreated, Middle English þreatede, Middle English þreted, Middle English þretede, Middle English þrettede, Middle English–1500s thretid, 1500s– threated. c725¹ [see sense 1]. c725² [see sense 1]. a900 [see sense 1]. c950 [see sense 1]. c1000 [see sense 1]. c1160 [see sense 2]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13542 Summe þrætteden [c1300 Otho þrettede] heore ueond.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 254 Þe king þræted [c1300 Otho þretete] Brutun. a1325 [see sense 3a]. a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS liv. 33 Harde þei þreted me in her þouȝt. c1440 [see sense 3a]. a1529 J. Skelton Woffully Araid 13 in Wks. (1843) I. 141 The Jewis me thretid.1673 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 266 I threated to geld the translator.

β. Middle English thred, Middle English þret, Middle English threte, Middle English thrett, Middle English þrette, Middle English–1500s thret, Middle English–1500s thrette. c1300Þrette [see sense 5]. a1325Ðrette [see sense 5]. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 44 Þe corsaynt & þe kirke he thrette for to brennyng.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19603 Saulus..thrett [Fairf. þrette, Trin. Cambr. þret] All þe cristen.c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 10493 He chased the Troiens & thret.c1440 Alphabet of Tales 81 And þan he thred hur.c1440 Generydes 500 She threte hym sore.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxiii. 645 They thret them of London.

γ. Middle English thrat, Middle English þrat, Middle English thratt, Middle English þratte, Middle English–1500s thratte, 1500s thrate. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15514 He þratte stirne wind o sæ & itt warrþ stille & liþe.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1980 Fele þryuande þonkkeȝ he þrat hom to haue.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 937 Þe aungelez hasted þise oþer & aȝly hem þratten.c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 6907 Thei thrat him alle, tho he was tan.1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. F.2 Albion Isle he thrate.

3. Past participle Middle English i-ðrat, Middle English þret, Middle English þrett, Middle English þrette, Middle English–1500s threted, Middle English– threated, 1600s threat. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 106 I was iþrat [?c1225 Cleo. ined] ter to.a1400–50 Alexander 707 Þik & þrathly am I thret.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1725 Þer he watȝ þreted & ofte þef called.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxii. 520 Ful sore are we threted.1472 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 447 Þat poore woode is soore manased and thrett. 1631 [see sense 3a].

Etymology: Old English þréatian weak verb, past tense þréatode , < þréat , threat n. < Old Germanic type *þrautôjan.

archaic and dialect.

†1. transitive. To press, urge, try to force or induce; esp. by means of menaces. (With clause or infinitive.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > by threats

threatc725

concuss1843

c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1275 Maceratus, þreatende.

c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 2169 Urguet, threatade.

a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 18 Apr. 58 Adrianus se caser[e hine] þreatade þæt he Criste wiðsoce.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 42 Ðæm nedende vel ðæm ðreatende [L. uolenti] huerfa ðec ne acerre.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 416 Þa cempan..hine ðreatodon þæt he ðære deadan anlicnysse his lac offrian sceolde.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 182 Ne mai he [sc. the devil] buten schawe forð sum hwet of his aȝen ware & olchnen oðer þreaten þet me buge þer of.

c1400² [see γ. forms].

a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum l. 308 in Poems (1899) 56 Who that wol nat be feire entre[te]d, Must be foule & rigorously threted.

1501 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 157 Ever they thratte me that I shold goe to London.

1638 in Hamilton Papers (1880) 4 They..thrett privatt men to singe the Covenatt.

†2. To rebuke, reprove. Obsolete. Cf. threap v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]

threac897

threapc897

begripea1000

threata1000

castea1200

chaste?c1225

takec1275

blame1297

chastya1300

sniba1300

withnima1315

undernima1325

rebukec1330

snuba1340

withtakea1340

reprovec1350

chastisea1375

arate1377

challenge1377

undertake1377

reprehenda1382

repreync1390

runta1398

snapea1400

underfoc1400

to call to account1434

to put downc1440

snebc1440

uptakec1440

correptc1449

reformc1450

reprise?c1450

to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450

control1451

redarguec1475

berisp1481

to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522

checkc1530

admonish1541

nip1548

twig?1550

impreve1552

lesson1555

to take down1562

to haul (a person) over the coals1565

increpate1570

touch1570

school1573

to gather up1577

task1580

redarguate?1590

expostulate1592

tutor1599

sauce1601

snip1601

sneap1611

to take in tax1635

to sharp up1647

round1653

threapen1671

reprimand1681

to take to task1682

document1690

chapter1693

repulse1746

twink1747

to speak to ——1753

haul1795

to pull up1799

carpet1840

rig1841

to talk to1860

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

rawhide1895

to tell off1897

to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900

to get on ——1904

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

strafe1915

tick1915

woodshed1935

to slap (a person) down1938

sort1941

bind1942

bottle1946

mat1948

ream1950

zap1961

elder1967

a1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lxvii. 27 [lxviii. 30] On wuda þu wildeor wordum þreatast.

c1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke ix. 55 And he be-wente hine and hyo þreatede.

c1175 [see γ. forms].

a1300 E.E. Psalter vi. 1 Lauerd, ne threte me in þi wreth.

a. To hold out threats against; = threaten v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > threaten (evil, etc.) [verb (transitive)]

threata1000

threaten1297

threapen1340

menacea1400

shorec1475

interminatea1631

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > threaten (evil, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > make threats against

threata1000

threatenc1290

menacec1384

menacea1400

menacec1400

shorec1475

boasta1522

worrya1556

threapen1559

bravea1619

bethreatened1635

braveer1652

bay1796

comminate1801

bravo1831

mau-mau1970

a1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) ix. 29 [x. 8] And þreatað þone earman mid his eagum.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 322 He..þreateð [c1300 Otho þrettede] þene castel. & þat folc þer-inne.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4125 And wrot an canticle..Ðat ðreated ðo men bitter-like Ðe god ne seruen luue-like.

1428 in Surtees Misc. (1888) 3 Wham he thret with bodily harm.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 439 Sho apperid vnto hym & thretid hym att he was ferd for hur.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvii. 390 It becometh not to suche a knighte as ye be, for to threte me thus.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Sii He that thretteth a dogge for his barkyng, prouoketh hym to more felnesse.

1631 S. Jerome Arraignem. Whole Creature x. §2. 84 The Apostles glad, that they were threat, and beat for the Name of Christ.

1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 25/2 The Spaniards sent out so great a force..as seemed sufficient..to threat the British fleets and islands with the most imminent danger.

1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold I. i. iv Send for me if danger threat thee.

b. With infinitive or clause as complement.

ΚΠ

a1330 Otuel 736 Hou þei..þratten roulond to die.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8294 [The Britons] þretten Hengist to wake hys wough.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 32 Þe devull come aforn hym with a byrnand stake, and thretid hym þat he sulde þruste itt in at his mouthe.

1461 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 267 She is thret if þat she myght be take she shuld be slayne.

a1517 in G. P. Scrope Hist. Castle Combe (1852) 295 He..thret hym that he schulde make hyme aper before my lordys grase.

1611 in T. Coryate Crudities sig. c3 All the Sophists he did threat Their problemes to confound.

1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 475 It would be a foolish part to set it [a kettle] beside the fire, and then charge it to be hot, and to threat it that else it shall be spilt.

c. figurative. Said of things; = threaten v. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > be a source of danger to

threat1422

threaten1638

1422 [implied in: tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 152 Seneca..wriet the hede atte the t [h] retyngis of the Swerde. (at threating n.)].

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. D^v A sumptuous Temple..That threats the starres with her aspiring toppe.

1637 J. Milton Comus 2 This dreare wood, The nodding horror of whose shadie brows Threats the forlorne and wandring Passinger.

a1717 T. Parnell Bookworm 70 To see what dangers threat the year.

1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini i. iii. 46 This tempest, which..threats us from all quarters.

1832 Fraser's Mag. 4 764 The fate which threats kingdoms.

4. To hold forth (something) by way of a threat; = threaten v. 3.

a. with infinitive or clause as object.

ΚΠ

c1250 Lutel Soth Sermun 82 in Old Eng. Misc. 190 Hire sire & hire dame þreteþ hire to bete.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9351 Þu..þrattest [c1300 Otho þretest] hine to slænne.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8635 He gon þretien [c1300 Otho þretede] swiðe þat al he wolde heom to-driue.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 536 Vmbeset With fayis þat to slay hym thret.

?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter sig. Dii If the aduersaries flocke together..and threate to destroy the house of God.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 412 What is this..that threats to sweep all before him?

1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 25 If ancient Fabricks nod, and threat to fall.

1724 A. Ramsay Royal Archers Shooting 25 And seems to threat,..‘No man unpunish'd shall provoke my rage’.

b. With noun or pronoun as object.

ΚΠ

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋572 He threttith more þan he may parfourme.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Qvi What payne and tourment is thrette to the wycked & euyll lyuers.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions vi. 48 Where thickning threates harme, there thinning fines the substance.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 159 Euery one did threat, To morrows vengeance on the head of Richard.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 17 Let the tyrants..threat what they please.

1795 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 765 Does haughty Gaul invasion threat.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 4 Where black neglect..threats her constant winter cold and chill.

5. absol. or intransitive. To offer threats; = threaten v. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > threaten [verb (intransitive)]

threaten1297

threatc1300

menacec1384

meanc1425

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1163 Sho was adrad, for he so þrette.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2023 Often ghe ðrette, often ghe scroð.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 57 Bot they with proude wordes grete Begunne to manace and threte.

1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) v. sig. Av^v/1 She..spekyth somtyme sharply, Somtyme she threteth.

a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 102 That dread of death, of death that ever lastes, Threateth of right.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. viii. xxxii. 304 Some were heard to intreat, others to threat.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 60 Whiles I threat, he liues.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 231 Threat on, O Prince! elude the bridal day, Threat on, 'till all thy stores in waste decay.

1822 Ld. Byron Werner ii. ii. 266 Threat'st thou?

1901 G. F. Savage-Armstrong Ballads of Down 64 (E.D.D.) Whun danger threats, return.

Derivatives

† threat adj. Obsolete obtained by threats, forced, compulsory.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion

threata1400

constraintc1430

compelled1541

compulsed1541

violent?1550

extorted1552

wrested1565

coacted1570

enforced1576

forced1576

compulsory1581

commandeda1586

coactive1596

infortiate1601

extortious1602

coact1610

compulsive1611

exacted1618

necessitous1632

violented1641

necessary1655

on-forced1656

commandatorya1659

extorsive1669

compellable1677

compulsatory1748

obbligato1780

coerced1877

mandatory1891

shotgun1937

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 26944 Wiseli loke þou be shriuin & noȝt wiþ strenght þer-to driuen for þret shrift mai haue na mede.

c1480 (a1400) SS. Simon & Jude 338 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 218 God wald one na wyse of ony man haf thret seruice.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	threat
释义	threatn. Brit. /θrɛt/, U.S. /θrɛt/ Forms: Old English–Middle English þreat, (Old English ðreot(t, ðreatt), Middle English þreatt, Middle English þræt, Middle English þrat, Middle English þret, thrett, Middle English þret(e, thret(e, 1500s thrette, 1500s– threat. Etymology: Old English þréat (masculine) (With sense 2 compare Old Norse þraut feminine struggle, labour, trouble) < Old Germanic þrauto^z, -ā, from ablaut-series þreut- , þraut- , þrut- (compare Old English þréotan to trouble, weary, Gothic us-þriutan to trouble, threaten, Old High German ir-drioȥan , Middle High German ver-drioȥen , German ver-drieszen , Dutch ver-drieten to trouble, vex; compare Latin trūdĕre to press, thrust). Sense 1 has the same form as 2 in Old English and early Middle English, and is commonly considered the same word; it appears to go back, like ‘throng’ and ‘press (of people)’, to the radical sense ‘to press’. I. A press of people. †1. A throng, press, crowd, multitude of people; a troop, band, body of men. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > densely packed together threatc950 press?c1225 thring?c1225 threngc1275 throngc1330 shockc1430 crowd1567 frequency1570 gregation1621 frequence1671 push1718 munga1728 mampus?c1730 squeezer1756 squeeze1779 crush1806 cram1810 parrock1811 mass1814 scrouge1839 squash1884 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark iii. 32 gesætt ymb hine ðreat [c975 Rushw. G. ðe ðreatt, L. turba]. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark viii. 2 Ic milsa ofer ðreat [R. ðreott]. OE Cynewulf Elene 329 Þrungon þa on þreate þær on þrymme bad in cynestole caseres mæg, geatolic guðcwen golde gehyrsted. OE Beowulf 2406 Se wæs on ðam ðreate þreotteoða secg. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13123 Hit is feole ȝere þat heore þrættes [c1300 Otho þretes] comen here. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4882 Riden ut to-some..þritti þusend þe þræt wes þa mare. II. Senses relating to oppression or menace. †2. Painful pressure, oppression, compulsion; vexation, torment; affliction, distress, misery; danger, peril. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > oppression, persecution, or affliction threat971 constraintc1374 oppressiona1382 pressurec1384 aggrievancea1400 thronga1400 oppress1488 aggrievement1646 compression1759 the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun] tintreghc893 threat971 piningOE murderOE anguish?c1225 woea1250 pinec1275 tormentc1290 languorc1300 heartbreakc1330 surcarkingc1330 martyrement1340 threst1340 agonyc1384 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 martyre?a1400 tormentisec1405 rack?a1425 anguishing1433 angorc1450 anguishnessa1475 torture?c1550 heartsickness1556 butchery1582 heartache1587 anguishment1592 living hell1596 discruciation1597 heart-aching1607 throeing1615 rigour1632 crucifixion1648 lancination1649 bosom-hell1674 heart-rending1707 brain-racking1708 tormentation1789 bosom-throe1827 angoisse1910 society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] threat971 duressc1320 defoulc1330 tyrantry1340 tyrannyc1368 oppressinga1382 overleadinga1382 tyrandisea1382 overlayingc1384 oppression1387 oversettinga1398 thronga1400 overpressingc1450 impressionc1470 tyrantshipc1470 tyrannesse?a1475 aggravation1481 defouling1483 supprissiona1500 oppressmentc1537 conculcation1547 iron hand?1570 thrall1578 tyrannizing1589 tyranting1596 ingrating1599 pressure1616 regrate1621 overpressure1644 slavishness1684 iron heel1798 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > [noun] threat971 oppressiona1382 oppress1488 downdraw1813 heavy-ladenness1877 971 Blickl. Hom. 119 Hie seoþþan ealle worlde wean & ealle þreatas oforhogodan. OE Cynewulf Juliana 465 Is þeos þrag ful strong, þreat ormæte. Ic sceal þinga gehwylc þolian ond þafian on þinne dom. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 61 Listeð nu wich þreat dauid setted uppen us bute [we] lesten ure bihese. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Prol. (1810) p. xcviii With mykelle wo, In sclaundire, in threte & in thro. 13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xliv. 36 And þretes—þo beoþ vuele þre, ffurst and hunger and þesternesse. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 55 Þenne þrat moste I þole. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. l. 606 They wenden han put him to gret thret. 3. A denunciation to a person of ill to befall him; esp. a declaration of hostile determination or of loss, pain, punishment, or damage to be inflicted in retribution for or conditionally upon some course; a menace. Also figurative an indication of impending evil.The radical sense appears to be ‘pressure applied to the will by declaration of the harm that will follow non-compliance’. It is thus indirect compulsion.It is doubtful whether quots. c1000¹ belong here or to sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > [noun] threatc1000 threating1046 threateningc1290 menacec1300 menacingc1385 shore1487 interminationa1530 minacitya1538 shoring1573 menacement1606 minacy1645 peril1892 Mau Mau1970 mau-mauing1970 c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxv. 220 Ac mathathias nolde..godes æ forgægan for his [the king's] gramlican ðreate. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints xxviii. 105 Ða hæþenan..heton hine secgan mid swyðlicum þreate hweþer he cristen wære. c1200 Vices & Virt. 87 Oðerhwile cumeð maniȝe þohtes of godes þreatt of helle pines. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 58 Ne recche ich nouht of þine þrete. c1325 Song of Yesterday 148 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 137 Ȝif þi neiȝebor þe manas Oþer to culle oþer to bete..þou wold drede þi neiȝebores þrete. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dviii^v Wherby he myght scape the manasses or threttes of god. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 121 There is no terror Cassius in your threats . View more context for this quotation 1751 T. Gray Elegy xvi. 8 The threats of pain and ruin to despise. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §1. 348 He met the hostility of the nobles with a threat which marked his power. 1884 Manch. Examiner 19 Feb. 5/4 Clouds full of the threat of rain. 4. Zoology. Animal behaviour that keeps other animals at a distance or strengthens social dominance without physical conflict. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [noun] > threatening behaviour threat1933 1933 R. W. G. Hingston Meaning of Animal Colour v. 119 Whenever a bird has threat-colours on the crown, it either lowers its head so that the colours can be seen, or erects the feathers..to make them visible above the level of the beak. 1933 R. W. G. Hingston Meaning of Animal Colour x. 291 Song is an exhibition of threat. 1943 D. Lack Life of Robin iii. 26 It is..a threat display, serving to intimidate a trespassing robin. 1949 Brit. Birds 42 234 One female called a peculiar, low, harsh, single note..similar to a harsh growling threat-note. 1966 N. Tinbergen Animal Behaviour viii. 177 The signalling movements of higher animals, particularly those used in threat and courtship. 1978 P. Marsh et al. Rules of Disorder v. 127 Certain threat signals are evolved such that intra-specific conflicts became ceremonial in character. 1981 Oxf. Compan. Animal Behaviour 563/2 The opening of the mouth that precedes biting has evolved into a ritualized baring of the teeth that is characteristic of threat in many mammals. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). threatv. Brit. /θrɛt/, U.S. /θrɛt/ Forms: 1. Present stem. α. Old English þreatian, Middle English þræten, Middle English þreat, Middle English þreaten, Middle English þreatin, Middle English þreete, Middle English þrete, Middle English þretie, Middle English þretien, Middle English–1500s threte, 1500s threete, 1500s–1600s threate, 1500s– threat. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvii. §1 Þa..þreatiað eal moncynn mid hiora þrymme.a1225 Leg. Kath. 623 Me ham walde þreatin & leaden unlaheliche.a1225 Juliana 13 Nulle ich þe her onont þreate se þu þreate buhe ne beien.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1609 Me myd stone & lugge þreteþ.1483 Cath. Angl. 385/2 To Threte, minari.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 755/2 I threete, or I thretten one to do hym harme, je menasse. 1600 [see sense 5]. β. Middle English–1500s thret, Middle English–1500s thrette, Middle English–1600s thrett. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19181 Þar-for sal we thret þam herd.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18247 Nu þai thrett [Gött. thret] us sare.c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 147 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 362 Gyf be fyre þu threttis me.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clx. 194 Whan ye be at Parys..ye do thret thenglysshmen.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Gg.iij^v She..thretteth them that be absent. γ. Middle English þratten, Middle English þrattien. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10149 Swiðe heo gunnen þrattien [c1300 Otho þretie] Arður þene king.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9351 Þrattest [see 4a]. 2. Past tense. α. Old English threatade, Old English þreatade, Old English þreatode, Middle English þræted, Middle English þrættede, Middle English þreated, Middle English þreatede, Middle English þreted, Middle English þretede, Middle English þrettede, Middle English–1500s thretid, 1500s– threated. c725¹ [see sense 1]. c725² [see sense 1]. a900 [see sense 1]. c950 [see sense 1]. c1000 [see sense 1]. c1160 [see sense 2]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13542 Summe þrætteden [c1300 Otho þrettede] heore ueond.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 254 Þe king þræted [c1300 Otho þretete] Brutun. a1325 [see sense 3a]. a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS liv. 33 Harde þei þreted me in her þouȝt. c1440 [see sense 3a]. a1529 J. Skelton Woffully Araid 13 in Wks. (1843) I. 141 The Jewis me thretid.1673 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 266 I threated to geld the translator. β. Middle English thred, Middle English þret, Middle English threte, Middle English thrett, Middle English þrette, Middle English–1500s thret, Middle English–1500s thrette. c1300Þrette [see sense 5]. a1325Ðrette [see sense 5]. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 44 Þe corsaynt & þe kirke he thrette for to brennyng.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19603 Saulus..thrett [Fairf. þrette, Trin. Cambr. þret] All þe cristen.c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 10493 He chased the Troiens & thret.c1440 Alphabet of Tales 81 And þan he thred hur.c1440 Generydes 500 She threte hym sore.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxiii. 645 They thret them of London. γ. Middle English thrat, Middle English þrat, Middle English thratt, Middle English þratte, Middle English–1500s thratte, 1500s thrate. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15514 He þratte stirne wind o sæ & itt warrþ stille & liþe.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1980 Fele þryuande þonkkeȝ he þrat hom to haue.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 937 Þe aungelez hasted þise oþer & aȝly hem þratten.c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 6907 Thei thrat him alle, tho he was tan.1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. F.2 Albion Isle he thrate. 3. Past participle Middle English i-ðrat, Middle English þret, Middle English þrett, Middle English þrette, Middle English–1500s threted, Middle English– threated, 1600s threat. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 106 I was iþrat [?c1225 Cleo. ined] ter to.a1400–50 Alexander 707 Þik & þrathly am I thret.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1725 Þer he watȝ þreted & ofte þef called.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxii. 520 Ful sore are we threted.1472 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 447 Þat poore woode is soore manased and thrett. 1631 [see sense 3a]. Etymology: Old English þréatian weak verb, past tense þréatode , < þréat , threat n. < Old Germanic type þrautôjan. archaic* and dialect. †1. transitive. To press, urge, try to force or induce; esp. by means of menaces. (With clause or infinitive.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > by threats threatc725 concuss1843 c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1275 Maceratus, þreatende. c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 2169 Urguet, threatade. a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 18 Apr. 58 Adrianus se caser[e hine] þreatade þæt he Criste wiðsoce. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 42 Ðæm nedende vel ðæm ðreatende [L. uolenti] huerfa ðec ne acerre. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 416 Þa cempan..hine ðreatodon þæt he ðære deadan anlicnysse his lac offrian sceolde. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 182 Ne mai he [sc. the devil] buten schawe forð sum hwet of his aȝen ware & olchnen oðer þreaten þet me buge þer of. c1400² [see γ. forms]. a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum l. 308 in Poems (1899) 56 Who that wol nat be feire entre[te]d, Must be foule & rigorously threted. 1501 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 157 Ever they thratte me that I shold goe to London. 1638 in Hamilton Papers (1880) 4 They..thrett privatt men to singe the Covenatt. †2. To rebuke, reprove. Obsolete. Cf. threap v. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] threac897 threapc897 begripea1000 threata1000 castea1200 chaste?c1225 takec1275 blame1297 chastya1300 sniba1300 withnima1315 undernima1325 rebukec1330 snuba1340 withtakea1340 reprovec1350 chastisea1375 arate1377 challenge1377 undertake1377 reprehenda1382 repreync1390 runta1398 snapea1400 underfoc1400 to call to account1434 to put downc1440 snebc1440 uptakec1440 correptc1449 reformc1450 reprise?c1450 to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450 control1451 redarguec1475 berisp1481 to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522 checkc1530 admonish1541 nip1548 twig?1550 impreve1552 lesson1555 to take down1562 to haul (a person) over the coals1565 increpate1570 touch1570 school1573 to gather up1577 task1580 redarguate?1590 expostulate1592 tutor1599 sauce1601 snip1601 sneap1611 to take in tax1635 to sharp up1647 round1653 threapen1671 reprimand1681 to take to task1682 document1690 chapter1693 repulse1746 twink1747 to speak to ——1753 haul1795 to pull up1799 carpet1840 rig1841 to talk to1860 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 rawhide1895 to tell off1897 to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900 to get on ——1904 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 strafe1915 tick1915 woodshed1935 to slap (a person) down1938 sort1941 bind1942 bottle1946 mat1948 ream1950 zap1961 elder1967 a1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lxvii. 27 [lxviii. 30] On wuda þu wildeor wordum þreatast. c1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke ix. 55 And he be-wente hine and hyo þreatede. c1175 [see γ. forms]. a1300 E.E. Psalter vi. 1 Lauerd, ne threte me in þi wreth. 3. a. To hold out threats against; = threaten v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > threaten (evil, etc.) [verb (transitive)] threata1000 threaten1297 threapen1340 menacea1400 shorec1475 interminatea1631 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > threaten (evil, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > make threats against threata1000 threatenc1290 menacec1384 menacea1400 menacec1400 shorec1475 boasta1522 worrya1556 threapen1559 bravea1619 bethreatened1635 braveer1652 bay1796 comminate1801 bravo1831 mau-mau1970 a1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) ix. 29 [x. 8] And þreatað þone earman mid his eagum. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 322 He..þreateð [c1300 Otho þrettede] þene castel. & þat folc þer-inne. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4125 And wrot an canticle..Ðat ðreated ðo men bitter-like Ðe god ne seruen luue-like. 1428 in Surtees Misc. (1888) 3 Wham he thret with bodily harm. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 439 Sho apperid vnto hym & thretid hym att he was ferd for hur. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvii. 390 It becometh not to suche a knighte as ye be, for to threte me thus. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Sii He that thretteth a dogge for his barkyng, prouoketh hym to more felnesse. 1631 S. Jerome Arraignem. Whole Creature x. §2. 84 The Apostles glad, that they were threat, and beat for the Name of Christ. 1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 25/2 The Spaniards sent out so great a force..as seemed sufficient..to threat the British fleets and islands with the most imminent danger. 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold I. i. iv Send for me if danger threat thee. b. With infinitive or clause as complement. ΚΠ a1330 Otuel 736 Hou þei..þratten roulond to die. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8294 [The Britons] þretten Hengist to wake hys wough. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 32 Þe devull come aforn hym with a byrnand stake, and thretid hym þat he sulde þruste itt in at his mouthe. 1461 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 267 She is thret if þat she myght be take she shuld be slayne. a1517 in G. P. Scrope Hist. Castle Combe (1852) 295 He..thret hym that he schulde make hyme aper before my lordys grase. 1611 in T. Coryate Crudities sig. c3 All the Sophists he did threat Their problemes to confound. 1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 475 It would be a foolish part to set it [a kettle] beside the fire, and then charge it to be hot, and to threat it that else it shall be spilt. c. figurative. Said of things; = threaten v. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > be a source of danger to threat1422 threaten1638 1422 [implied in: tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 152 Seneca..wriet the hede atte the t [h] retyngis of the Swerde. (at threating n.)]. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. D^v A sumptuous Temple..That threats the starres with her aspiring toppe. 1637 J. Milton Comus 2 This dreare wood, The nodding horror of whose shadie brows Threats the forlorne and wandring Passinger. a1717 T. Parnell Bookworm 70 To see what dangers threat the year. 1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Piccolomini i. iii. 46 This tempest, which..threats us from all quarters. 1832 Fraser's Mag. 4 764 The fate which threats kingdoms. 4. To hold forth (something) by way of a threat; = threaten v. 3. a. with infinitive or clause as object. ΚΠ c1250 Lutel Soth Sermun 82 in Old Eng. Misc. 190 Hire sire & hire dame þreteþ hire to bete. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9351 Þu..þrattest [c1300 Otho þretest] hine to slænne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8635 He gon þretien [c1300 Otho þretede] swiðe þat al he wolde heom to-driue. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 536 Vmbeset With fayis þat to slay hym thret. ?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter sig. Dii If the aduersaries flocke together..and threate to destroy the house of God. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 412 What is this..that threats to sweep all before him? 1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 25 If ancient Fabricks nod, and threat to fall. 1724 A. Ramsay Royal Archers Shooting 25 And seems to threat,..‘No man unpunish'd shall provoke my rage’. b. With noun or pronoun as object. ΚΠ c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋572 He threttith more þan he may parfourme. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Qvi What payne and tourment is thrette to the wycked & euyll lyuers. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions vi. 48 Where thickning threates harme, there thinning fines the substance. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 159 Euery one did threat, To morrows vengeance on the head of Richard. View more context for this quotation 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 17 Let the tyrants..threat what they please. 1795 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 765 Does haughty Gaul invasion threat. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 4 Where black neglect..threats her constant winter cold and chill. 5. absol. or intransitive. To offer threats; = threaten v. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > threaten [verb (intransitive)] threaten1297 threatc1300 menacec1384 meanc1425 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1163 Sho was adrad, for he so þrette. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2023 Often ghe ðrette, often ghe scroð. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 57 Bot they with proude wordes grete Begunne to manace and threte. 1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) v. sig. Av^v/1 She..spekyth somtyme sharply, Somtyme she threteth. a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 102 That dread of death, of death that ever lastes, Threateth of right. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. viii. xxxii. 304 Some were heard to intreat, others to threat. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 60 Whiles I threat, he liues. View more context for this quotation 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 231 Threat on, O Prince! elude the bridal day, Threat on, 'till all thy stores in waste decay. 1822 Ld. Byron Werner ii. ii. 266 Threat'st thou? 1901 G. F. Savage-Armstrong Ballads of Down 64 (E.D.D.) Whun danger threats, return. Derivatives † threat adj. Obsolete obtained by threats, forced, compulsory. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > done, produced, or obtained by compulsion threata1400 constraintc1430 compelled1541 compulsed1541 violent?1550 extorted1552 wrested1565 coacted1570 enforced1576 forced1576 compulsory1581 commandeda1586 coactive1596 infortiate1601 extortious1602 coact1610 compulsive1611 exacted1618 necessitous1632 violented1641 necessary1655 on-forced1656 commandatorya1659 extorsive1669 compellable1677 compulsatory1748 obbligato1780 coerced1877 mandatory1891 shotgun1937 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 26944 Wiseli loke þou be shriuin & noȝt wiþ strenght þer-to driuen for þret shrift mai haue na mede. c1480 (a1400) SS. Simon & Jude 338 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 218 God wald one na wyse of ony man haf thret seruice. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c950v.c725
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