theowthewn.adj.

Forms: α. Old English þeow (feminine þeowe, plural þeowas), ðiow, Middle English þeu, Middle English þeou, ( Orm.) þeoww, þeww, (1800s theow(e). β. Old English þeowa (feminine þeowe, plural þeowan), ðiowa, ðiuwa, ðiua, ðeua, ðea, Middle English þeowe, Middle English þeue, Middle English þewe.

Etymology: Old English ðíow, þéow, þéo, strong masculine, = Old High German deo, dio, Old Norse (Runic) þewa r, Gothic þius < Old Germanic *þewo^z; beside Old English þeow strong feminine, = Old Saxon thiu, thiwi, Old High German, Middle High German diu, Old Norse þý, Gothic þiwi < Old Germanic *þewjô. Also weak nouns þéowa (masculine), þéowe (feminine); compare Old Saxon thiwa. þéowa, -e have the weak inflection of the adjective.

Now historical or archaic.

A. n.

a. A slave, bondman, thrall.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave

theowc893

thrallc950

young manOE

slavec1290

boyc1300

servanta1325

bondc1330

bondmana1340

manciplea1387

man's-bond?a1400

thrillc1480

thrillmanc1480

serf1483

bondservant1535

bondslave1561

bondling1587

slave-boy1607

slave-labourer1607

chattel1649

bondsman1713

livestock1755

esne1819

thirl-man1871

task-labourer1897

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §22 Þa þeowan drincað medo.

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care Pref. 4 Micel menigu Godes ðeowa [Hatton MS. ðiowa].

a950 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 170 Besih ofer vsig ðea ðino [L. famulos tuos].

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. viii. 9 Ic cueðo..ðeua [Rushw. ðeow] minum do ðis & does.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xviii 28 Þa se þeowa [Hatton þeowe] ut-eode he gemette hys efen~þeowan.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 27 Sy he eower þeow [Lindisf. ðea vel ðegn, Rushw. esne].

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7454 An defless þeww.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 31 Adam wass wurrþenn deofless þeoww.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Ðus was adam þeu, þo godes muð cursede eorðe.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14667 Þenne moste he libben. þeou a þisse londe.

c1320 Cast. Love 249 Þeuwe and þral may not craue Þorw riht non heritage to haue.

Historical and arch.1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ii. 39 Theow and Esne art thou no longer.1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 75 Beneath these orders of freemen were the Theowes or slaves... This word ðeow seems to have left no trace in the modern languages.1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism II. vi. 260 All the civil laws for the protection of the theows, or Saxon slaves, appear to have been preceded by, and based upon, the Canon law.1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. v. 78 The theow or slave simple, whether wealh—that is, of British extraction..or of the common German stock.

b. A female slave, a bondwoman.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > female

theowa900

ambohtc1175

thrallessa1382

bondwoman1387

serve1480

bondmaid1526

naif1531

maid slave1585

slave-girl1607

slave woman1607

woman bond1675

house girl1791

thrall-woman1886

bondswoman-

a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xii. [ix.] 290 Seo fore~sprecene Cristes þeowe.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 69 An ðiua [Rushw. menen vel þeowæ] cueð.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xii. 45 gife..esne..onginneð..slaa ða cnæhtas & ðiuwas [Rushw. ða ðiowe, L. pueros et ancillas].

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) vi. xii Sche is þewe and þralle er he be bore.

†B. adj.

[Old English þéow, plural þéowe; later plural þewe, thue.] Servile, slavish; ‘bond’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage

theowc888

thrall1297

bond1330

unfreec1380

servile1447

boundenc1480

thralled1527

bound1532

thirl1582

enthralled?1587

slaved1639

beslaved1656

enslaved1667

bondaged1790

unemancipated1811

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xli. §2 gif him sceolden þiowe men þenian.

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iii. vi. §3 Hit þurh ænne þeowne mon geypped wearð.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. 67 Hic manceps, þes ðeowa mann.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. xv. 101 Meis mancipiis diuido denarios, minum ðeowum mannum ic dæle penegas.

a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xxxix. 181 Þeowemen þa ðrig dagas beon weorces gefreode.

a1225 St. Marher. 4 Cuð me..ȝef þu art foster of freo monne oðer þeow wummon.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 169 Al heo weren þeowe [c1300 Otho þeue].

c1290 Beket 279 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 114 Þat word was sone wide couth a-mong þeuwe and freo.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9657 Þuman ne may nowȝt be imad aȝen is louerdes wille fre.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2205 Alle samen, þeu and fre.

c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 463) 2 Ȝong & olde, thewe & freo.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† theowthewv.

Forms: Old English þeowian, Old English–Middle English þewian, Middle English þowie, þeowien, Middle English þiwien.

Etymology: Old English þéowian, < þéow, theow n.

Obsolete.

transitive. To be a serf or servant to; to serve, minister. (In Old English intransitive with dative, or absol.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > serve [verb]

theowc888

theinea900

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > act as servant [verb]

theowc888

theinea900

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxi. §1 Þa ðeowiað ealle þa þe ðeowiað, ge ða þe cunnon ge þa þe ne cunnon.

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §13 Hi ne mihton elles bion, gif hi ne ðiowedon hiora fruman.

c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iv. 10 To dryhtne þinum gode ðu to gebidde & him anum ðewige.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvi. 13 Ne mæg nan þeow twam hlafordum þeowian [c1160 Hatton G. þewian].

a1175 Cott. Hom. 241 Nan ne mai twan hlaforde..samod þowie.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4994 Heo him wolden þiwien [c1300 Otho be þeouwe].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	theow
释义	theowthewn.adj. Forms: α. Old English þeow (feminine þeowe, plural þeowas), ðiow, Middle English þeu, Middle English þeou, ( Orm.) þeoww, þeww, (1800s theow(e). β. Old English þeowa (feminine þeowe, plural þeowan), ðiowa, ðiuwa, ðiua, ðeua, ðea, Middle English þeowe, Middle English þeue, Middle English þewe. Etymology: Old English ðíow, þéow, þéo, strong masculine, = Old High German deo, dio, Old Norse (Runic) þewa r, Gothic þius < Old Germanic þewo^z; beside Old English þeow* strong feminine, = Old Saxon thiu, thiwi, Old High German, Middle High German diu, Old Norse þý, Gothic þiwi < Old Germanic þewjô. Also weak nouns þéowa* (masculine), þéowe (feminine); compare Old Saxon thiwa. þéowa, -e have the weak inflection of the adjective. Now historical or archaic. A. n. a. A slave, bondman, thrall. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave theowc893 thrallc950 young manOE slavec1290 boyc1300 servanta1325 bondc1330 bondmana1340 manciplea1387 man's-bond?a1400 thrillc1480 thrillmanc1480 serf1483 bondservant1535 bondslave1561 bondling1587 slave-boy1607 slave-labourer1607 chattel1649 bondsman1713 livestock1755 esne1819 thirl-man1871 task-labourer1897 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §22 Þa þeowan drincað medo. c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care Pref. 4 Micel menigu Godes ðeowa [Hatton MS. ðiowa]. a950 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 170 Besih ofer vsig ðea ðino [L. famulos tuos]. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. viii. 9 Ic cueðo..ðeua [Rushw. ðeow] minum do ðis & does. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xviii 28 Þa se þeowa [Hatton þeowe] ut-eode he gemette hys efen~þeowan. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 27 Sy he eower þeow [Lindisf. ðea vel ðegn, Rushw. esne]. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7454 An defless þeww. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 31 Adam wass wurrþenn deofless þeoww. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Ðus was adam þeu, þo godes muð cursede eorðe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14667 Þenne moste he libben. þeou a þisse londe. c1320 Cast. Love 249 Þeuwe and þral may not craue Þorw riht non heritage to haue. Historical and arch.1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ii. 39 Theow and Esne art thou no longer.1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 75 Beneath these orders of freemen were the Theowes or slaves... This word ðeow seems to have left no trace in the modern languages.1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism II. vi. 260 All the civil laws for the protection of the theows, or Saxon slaves, appear to have been preceded by, and based upon, the Canon law.1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. v. 78 The theow or slave simple, whether wealh—that is, of British extraction..or of the common German stock. b. A female slave, a bondwoman. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > female theowa900 ambohtc1175 thrallessa1382 bondwoman1387 serve1480 bondmaid1526 naif1531 maid slave1585 slave-girl1607 slave woman1607 woman bond1675 house girl1791 thrall-woman1886 bondswoman- a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xii. [ix.] 290 Seo fore~sprecene Cristes þeowe. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 69 An ðiua [Rushw. menen vel þeowæ] cueð. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xii. 45 gife..esne..onginneð..slaa ða cnæhtas & ðiuwas [Rushw. ða ðiowe, L. pueros et ancillas]. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) vi. xii Sche is þewe and þralle er he be bore. †B. adj. [Old English þéow, plural þéowe; later plural þewe, thue.] Servile, slavish; ‘bond’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage theowc888 thrall1297 bond1330 unfreec1380 servile1447 boundenc1480 thralled1527 bound1532 thirl1582 enthralled?1587 slaved1639 beslaved1656 enslaved1667 bondaged1790 unemancipated1811 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xli. §2 gif him sceolden þiowe men þenian. c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iii. vi. §3 Hit þurh ænne þeowne mon geypped wearð. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. 67 Hic manceps, þes ðeowa mann. c1000 Ælfric Gram. xv. 101 Meis mancipiis diuido denarios, minum ðeowum mannum ic dæle penegas. a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xxxix. 181 Þeowemen þa ðrig dagas beon weorces gefreode. a1225 St. Marher. 4 Cuð me..ȝef þu art foster of freo monne oðer þeow wummon. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 169 Al heo weren þeowe [c1300 Otho þeue]. c1290 Beket 279 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 114 Þat word was sone wide couth a-mong þeuwe and freo. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9657 Þuman ne may nowȝt be imad aȝen is louerdes wille fre. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2205 Alle samen, þeu and fre. c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 463) 2 Ȝong & olde, thewe & freo. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † theowthewv. Forms: Old English þeowian, Old English–Middle English þewian, Middle English þowie, þeowien, Middle English þiwien. Etymology: Old English þéowian, < þéow, theow n. Obsolete. transitive. To be a serf or servant to; to serve, minister. (In Old English intransitive with dative, or absol.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > serve [verb] theowc888 theinea900 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > act as servant [verb] theowc888 theinea900 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxi. §1 Þa ðeowiað ealle þa þe ðeowiað, ge ða þe cunnon ge þa þe ne cunnon. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §13 Hi ne mihton elles bion, gif hi ne ðiowedon hiora fruman. c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iv. 10 To dryhtne þinum gode ðu to gebidde & him anum ðewige. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvi. 13 Ne mæg nan þeow twam hlafordum þeowian [c1160 Hatton G. þewian]. a1175 Cott. Hom. 241 Nan ne mai twan hlaforde..samod þowie. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4994 Heo him wolden þiwien [c1300 Otho be þeouwe]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.adj.c888v.c888
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