theftn.

Brit.

/θɛft/, U.S.

/θɛft/

Forms: α. Old English þéofð, þíefð, þýfð; Middle English þeofþe, þefþe, Middle English þufþe(ü), Middle English ( Ayenb.) þiefþe, þyefþe, Middle English thifthe. β. Old English þýft, þéoft, Middle English þift, þeft, Middle English–1600s thift, Middle English thyft, 1500s theaft, thieft, Middle English– theft; Middle English þefte, Middle English–1500s thefte, (Middle English þifte, þyfte, Middle English theefte, 1500s thifte).

Etymology: Old English West Saxon þíefð, þýfð, later þýft, non-West Saxon þéofð , later þéoft , = Old Frisian thiufthe , thiufte (obsolete Dutch diefte ), Old Norse þýfð , later þýft , Gothic *þiuƀiþa < Old Germanic *þeuƀiþā , < *þeuƀo^z, thief n. + suffix -iþa = Latin -itāt-em : see -th suffix¹ 2, -t suffix³ 2 Old English showed two main dialect types: West Saxon þíefþ, later þýfþ with umlaut; non-West Saxon þéofþ. In both, final þ after f became t by dissimilation; þeoft became þeft, theft. In Middle English the various forms often had final -e from the oblique cases; northern dialect and Scots had þift, þyft, thift from Old Norse þýfð, þýft.

a. The action of a thief; the felonious taking away of the personal goods of another; larceny; also, with a and plural, an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > [noun]

theft688

stalec950

stealc1200

stoutha1300

stealing13..

stealtha1325

lifting1362

briberya1387

stoutheriec1440

larcenya1475

larcerya1500

conveyancea1529

thieving1530

bribing1533

larcinc1535

embezzling1540

embezzlement1548

thiefdom?1549

theftdom1566

bribering1567

milling1567

thievery1568

larcinry1634

panyarring1703

abduction1766

smugging1825

pickup1846

lurking1851

make1860

tea-leafing1899

snitching1933

lapping1950

α.

688–95 Laws of Ine c. 28 Be þeofes onfenge æt ðiefðe [MSS. B., H. ðyfðe].

688–95 Laws of Ine c. 73 gif hit bið niht eald þiefð, gebeten þa þone gylt þe hine gefengon.

695–6 Laws of Wihtræd c. 25 gif man leud ofslea an þeofðe, licge buton wyr-gelde.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 186 Þyfð gestrangað.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 13 Ne do þu þeofðe.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 151 Þe fox of ȝiscungehaueð hwelpes þeose. tricherie & gile þeofðe & reauelake.

c1290 Beket 445 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 119 Ȝif a clerk hath ane Man a-slawe, oþur strong þeffþe i-do.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10361 Þe king..let prisouns vorþ bringe, Þat uor þufþe were inome, & uor oþer þinge.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 37 Þe oþer boȝ of auarice ys þyefþe.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iii. 92 In bargeyns and in brocages with þe borghe of þufþe [v.rr. þefþe, þefte].

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1906) 60 The theef dothe..delite hem in thifthe tille thei be taken and putte to dethe.

β. c1250 O. Kentish Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 31 Þo grete sennen þet biedh diadliche Ase so is..þefte.c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xv. 19 Of the herte gon out yuel thouȝtis, mansleayngis, auoutries, fornicaciouns, theftis.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 383 Mauricius..fondede to forbede his knyȝtes þifte [v.rr. þefþe, þeofþe].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15973 Iudas..Of his thift and his felunni, His moder al he tald.c1450 Brut 443 For treason & for þift þat thei had done to þe Kynge & to his liege peple.1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. ix. 251 To haue committed a smal theefte.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Theaft in stealynge cattell, abigeatus.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ei/1 Theft, furtum.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ki^v/2 Thift, furtum.1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 440/1 in Chron. I Accused of theft, and of receiuing and mainteining of theeues.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 144. 1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 1133 To hide the thift.1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxv. 301 The thief was taken in the theft.1909 Q. Rev. July 176 His borrowings were not thefts but prolific suggestions.

†b. by theft, stealthily, furtively, by secret craft. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adverb]

softlyc1225

by stalea1240

privilya1250

slylyc1275

thieflyc1290

stealingly13..

by stealth1390

stalworthlya1400

theftfullyc1400

theftlyc1400

theftuouslyc1400

under veilc1425

thievishly?c1450

by theft1488

quietly1488

furtively1490

by surreption1526

hugger-muggera1529

in hugger-mugger1529

underhand1538

insidiously1545

creepingly1548

surreptiously1573

underboard1582

filchingly1583

sneakingly1598

underwater1600

slipperily1603

thief-likea1625

clandestinely1632

surreptitiously1643

thievously1658

clancularly1699

stownlins1786

stealthily1806

underhandedly1806

stolen-wise1813

on (upon, under, or by) the sly1818

round-the-corner1820

underhanded1823

stealthfully1828

slinkingly1830

slippingly1830

on the sneak?1863

sneakishly1867

behind backs1874

stalkingly1891

on the side1893

under the counter1926

underground1935

under the table1938

down and dirty1959

sneakily1966

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 592 Thai be thyft hecht to put Wallace doun.

2. concrete. That which is or has been stolen; the proceeds of thieving. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun]

theft962

bribec1425

stoutheriec1440

booty1567

thievery1583

snapping1591

filcha1627

pilferagec1626

swag1794

stealing1839

stuff1865

score1914

hot stuff1924

962–3 Laws of Edgar iv. c. 2 §2 To ðy þæt..þeof nyte, hwær he þyfþe [MS. C. þeofte] befæste.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 57 Ne þu naȝest for to stele, Ne nan þefþe for to heole.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 38 Þe þyeues be uelaȝrede byeþ þo þet parteþ of þe þyefþe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6754 Þat he mai yeild again his thift, He sal be saald.

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. v. 53 The theft which they haue stolen ye haue you self receyued.

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Exod. xxii. f. xxxvi^v Yf the thefte [a1382 Wycliffite, E.V. þat þat he haþ stoln] be founde in his hande alyue..he shall restore double.

1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 145 We found the theft in his breeches ty'd to his naked flesh.

1864 C. Kingsley Roman & Teuton x. 284 If a free man be caught thieving,..he replaces the theft, and pays 80 solidi, or dies.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as theft-guilty adj.

ΚΠ

1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. i. 22 What store of houres theft-guilty night had spent.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 19 Oct. 9/2 The Police Commissioner..gave it as his opinion that the theft theory was the most probable.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	theft
释义	theftn. Brit. /θɛft/, U.S. /θɛft/ Forms: α. Old English þéofð, þíefð, þýfð; Middle English þeofþe, þefþe, Middle English þufþe(ü), Middle English ( Ayenb.) þiefþe, þyefþe, Middle English thifthe. β. Old English þýft, þéoft, Middle English þift, þeft, Middle English–1600s thift, Middle English thyft, 1500s theaft, thieft, Middle English– theft; Middle English þefte, Middle English–1500s thefte, (Middle English þifte, þyfte, Middle English theefte, 1500s thifte). Etymology: Old English West Saxon þíefð, þýfð, later þýft, non-West Saxon þéofð , later þéoft , = Old Frisian thiufthe , thiufte (obsolete Dutch diefte ), Old Norse þýfð , later þýft , Gothic þiuƀiþa < Old Germanic þeuƀiþā , < *þeuƀo^z, thief n. + suffix -iþa = Latin -itāt-em : see -th suffix¹ 2, -t suffix³ 2 Old English showed two main dialect types: West Saxon þíefþ, later þýfþ with umlaut; non-West Saxon þéofþ. In both, final þ after f became t by dissimilation; þeoft became þeft, theft. In Middle English the various forms often had final -e from the oblique cases; northern dialect and Scots had þift, þyft, thift from Old Norse þýfð, þýft. 1. a. The action of a thief; the felonious taking away of the personal goods of another; larceny; also, with a and plural, an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > [noun] theft688 stalec950 stealc1200 stoutha1300 stealing13.. stealtha1325 lifting1362 briberya1387 stoutheriec1440 larcenya1475 larcerya1500 conveyancea1529 thieving1530 bribing1533 larcinc1535 embezzling1540 embezzlement1548 thiefdom?1549 theftdom1566 bribering1567 milling1567 thievery1568 larcinry1634 panyarring1703 abduction1766 smugging1825 pickup1846 lurking1851 make1860 tea-leafing1899 snitching1933 lapping1950 α. 688–95 Laws of Ine c. 28 Be þeofes onfenge æt ðiefðe [MSS. B., H. ðyfðe]. 688–95 Laws of Ine c. 73 gif hit bið niht eald þiefð, gebeten þa þone gylt þe hine gefengon. 695–6 Laws of Wihtræd c. 25 gif man leud ofslea an þeofðe, licge buton wyr-gelde. c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 186 Þyfð gestrangað. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 13 Ne do þu þeofðe. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 151 Þe fox of ȝiscungehaueð hwelpes þeose. tricherie & gile þeofðe & reauelake. c1290 Beket 445 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 119 Ȝif a clerk hath ane Man a-slawe, oþur strong þeffþe i-do. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10361 Þe king..let prisouns vorþ bringe, Þat uor þufþe were inome, & uor oþer þinge. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 37 Þe oþer boȝ of auarice ys þyefþe. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iii. 92 In bargeyns and in brocages with þe borghe of þufþe [v.rr. þefþe, þefte]. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1906) 60 The theef dothe..delite hem in thifthe tille thei be taken and putte to dethe. β. c1250 O. Kentish Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 31 Þo grete sennen þet biedh diadliche Ase so is..þefte.c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xv. 19 Of the herte gon out yuel thouȝtis, mansleayngis, auoutries, fornicaciouns, theftis.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 383 Mauricius..fondede to forbede his knyȝtes þifte [v.rr. þefþe, þeofþe].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15973 Iudas..Of his thift and his felunni, His moder al he tald.c1450 Brut 443 For treason & for þift þat thei had done to þe Kynge & to his liege peple.1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. ix. 251 To haue committed a smal theefte.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Theaft in stealynge cattell, abigeatus.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ei/1 Theft, furtum.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ki^v/2 Thift, furtum.1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 440/1 in Chron. I Accused of theft, and of receiuing and mainteining of theeues.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 144. 1629 W. Mure True Crucifixe 1133 To hide the thift.1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxv. 301 The thief was taken in the theft.1909 Q. Rev. July 176 His borrowings were not thefts but prolific suggestions. †b. by theft, stealthily, furtively, by secret craft. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adverb] softlyc1225 by stalea1240 privilya1250 slylyc1275 thieflyc1290 stealingly13.. by stealth1390 stalworthlya1400 theftfullyc1400 theftlyc1400 theftuouslyc1400 under veilc1425 thievishly?c1450 by theft1488 quietly1488 furtively1490 by surreption1526 hugger-muggera1529 in hugger-mugger1529 underhand1538 insidiously1545 creepingly1548 surreptiously1573 underboard1582 filchingly1583 sneakingly1598 underwater1600 slipperily1603 thief-likea1625 clandestinely1632 surreptitiously1643 thievously1658 clancularly1699 stownlins1786 stealthily1806 underhandedly1806 stolen-wise1813 on (upon, under, or by) the sly1818 round-the-corner1820 underhanded1823 stealthfully1828 slinkingly1830 slippingly1830 on the sneak?1863 sneakishly1867 behind backs1874 stalkingly1891 on the side1893 under the counter1926 underground1935 under the table1938 down and dirty1959 sneakily1966 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 592 Thai be thyft hecht to put Wallace doun. 2. concrete. That which is or has been stolen; the proceeds of thieving. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] theft962 bribec1425 stoutheriec1440 booty1567 thievery1583 snapping1591 filcha1627 pilferagec1626 swag1794 stealing1839 stuff1865 score1914 hot stuff1924 962–3 Laws of Edgar iv. c. 2 §2 To ðy þæt..þeof nyte, hwær he þyfþe [MS. C. þeofte] befæste. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 57 Ne þu naȝest for to stele, Ne nan þefþe for to heole. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 38 Þe þyeues be uelaȝrede byeþ þo þet parteþ of þe þyefþe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6754 Þat he mai yeild again his thift, He sal be saald. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. v. 53 The theft which they haue stolen ye haue you self receyued. 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Exod. xxii. f. xxxvi^v Yf the thefte [a1382 Wycliffite, E.V. þat þat he haþ stoln] be founde in his hande alyue..he shall restore double. 1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 145 We found the theft in his breeches ty'd to his naked flesh. 1864 C. Kingsley Roman & Teuton x. 284 If a free man be caught thieving,..he replaces the theft, and pays 80 solidi, or dies. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as theft-guilty adj. ΚΠ 1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. i. 22 What store of houres theft-guilty night had spent. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 19 Oct. 9/2 The Police Commissioner..gave it as his opinion that the theft theory was the most probable. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.688
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