thermometern.

/θəˈmɒmɪtə/

Forms: Also 1600s -tre.

Etymology: modern < Greek θέρμη heat, θερμός hot + -meter comb. form². In French thermomètre (1624 van Etten). The name thermoscopium appears somewhat earlier: see thermoscope n.

a. An instrument for measuring temperature (see temperature n. 7) by means of a substance whose expansion and contraction under different degrees of heat and cold are capable of accurate measurement.For the history of the instrument and its names, see H. C. Bolton, The Evolution of the Thermometer (Easton, Past 1900), Renou Hist. du Thermomètre (Versailles 1876), Burckhardt Zur Geschichte des Thermometers, 1902.The earliest form was an air-thermometer invented and used by Galilei a1597, for indicating the temperature of the atmosphere; alcohol thermometers were used c1650; the device of a fixed zero (originally the freezing-point) was introduced by Hooke, 1665. The fixing of the zero at an arbitrary point below the freezing point is attributed to Fahrenheit n. and adj. of Amsterdam, who made mercurial thermometers c1720, and his scale has been in general use in England since c1724. The zero of Réaumur n. (1730), and of the centigrade adj. and n. thermometer of Celsius (1742), now largely used in science, is (like that used by Hooke and Sir I. Newton) the freezing-point. The ordinary form is now a slender hermetically sealed glass tube with a fine bore, having a bulb at the lower end filled with mercury, or with alcohol or other liquid, and adjusted to a graduated scale; variations of temperature being indicated by the varying heights of the column of liquid in the tube, due to its expansion and contraction.air, clinical, differential, Fahrenheit, gas, maximum, minimum, Réaumur's, register thermometer, etc.: see the first element. metallic (or bimetallic) thermometer, a thermometer which indicates temperature by differential expansion and contraction of composite metal bars.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument

thermometer1633

thermoscope1656

therm1791

aethrioscope1818

1626 ‘H. van Etten’ Récréation Mathématique (ed. 2) 99 Thermomètre ou instrument pour mésurer les degrez de chalour ou de froidure qui sont en l'air.]

1633 tr. Math. Recreations lxix. 110 (heading) Of the Thermometer: or an instrument to measure the degrees of heat and cold in the aire.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 227 The same is evident from the Thermometer .

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia vii. 38 Sealed Thermometers, which I have, by several tryals, at last brought to a great certainty and tenderness:..for graduating the stem, I fix that for the beginning of my division where the surface of the liquor in the stem remains when the ball is placed in..water, that is so cold that it just begins to freeze..(which I mark with an [0] or nought).

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 30 It is very hot in Aleppo,..the first day of June at Noon I found by my Thermometre, that the heat was at the thirtieth Degree.

1744 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 43 32 Fahrenheit,..so well known by his Mercurial Thermometers.

1782 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 i. 72 Account of an improved Thermometer. By Mr. James Six.

1799 Monthly Rev. 30 9 In Pennsylvania, on the 14th of March,..Fahrenheit's thermometer stood at 65° at noonday, though it had been at 14° but a week before.

1820 Q. Jrnl. Sci., Lit. & Arts Jan. 316 The maximum and minimum of temperature in the course of the twenty-four hours, as marked by a register thermometer.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 71 Dry-and-wet bulb Thermometers... One of the instruments has its bulb free, whilst the other is covered with muslin.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 199 If a thermometer be buried in the ground.., it is found to be affected by all superficial changes of temperature.

1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. viii. 158 The tongue now begins to moisten, the pulse-rate and the thermometer to fall.

b. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > instruments

rammer1660

water hammer1765

saccharometer1784

thermometer1801

alcoholometer1803

alcohometer1809

cryophorus1813

nitrometer1821

alcoometer1825

alcoholmeter1831

blanchimeter1847

wet-bulb1849

absorptiometer1855

microtome1856

argentometer1879

Brix1897

Ostwald pycnometer1898

turbidimeter1905

Ostwald viscometer1911

oedometer1915

impinger1922

polarograph1925

photogoniometer1927

ultramicrotome1953

1801 A. Hamilton in N.-Y. Evening Post 29 Dec. 2/4 No bad thermometer of the capacity of our Chief Magistrate for government is furnished by the rule which he offers for judging of the utility of the Federal Courts.

1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xlviii. 88 Taste..now-a-days is the thermometer By whose degrees all characters are classed.

1862 H. Smith True Missionary Spirit in Church 10 The true missionary spirit in the church is..the test and thermometer of her piety.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as thermometer bulb, thermometer piece, thermometer reading, thermometer scale, thermometer tube.

ΚΠ

1784 J. Wedgwood in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 367 Some of the clay thermometer pieces were set on end upon the silver piece.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. xv. 125 A glass tube of extremely fine bore, such as a small thermometer-tube.

1901 Daily Chron. 26 Nov. 5/1 The downward tendency in yesterday's thermometer readings.

C2.

thermometer-gauge n. a steam-gauge which indicates the pressure in a boiler by the expansion of a fluid at the temperature due to the pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > fluid pressure > measuring instruments

air gauge1787

piezometer1820

gas gauge1836

pressure gauge1836

thermometer-gauge1841

kymograph1855

telemanometer1884

tensimeter1907

isoteniscope1910

Pirani gauge1911

Knudsen gauge1918

Knudsen manometer1961

1841 Civil En.g & Arch. Jrnl. 4 13/1 The four instruments employed..to determine the pressure of steam,..the barometer-gauge, the air-gauge, the thermometer-gauge, and the spring-gauge or indicator.

thermometer-stove n. a stove automatically regulated by means of a thermometer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > stove > types of stove

bath-stove1591

pech1591

stewpot1688

kitchen range1733

cockle1775

copper-hole1785

Franklin stove1787

kitchen stove1795

gas stove1818

calefactor1831

thermometer-stove1838

Vesta1843

airtight1844

ship-hearth1858

base-burner1861

wood-stove1875

box1878

tortoise1884

wood-burner1901

Quebec heater1903

pot belly1920

cosy stove1926–7

oil stove1934

paraffin stove1995

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 129/2 The self-regulating fire, or thermometer-stove.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	thermometer
释义	thermometern. /θəˈmɒmɪtə/ Forms: Also 1600s -tre. Etymology: modern < Greek θέρμη heat, θερμός hot + -meter comb. form². In French thermomètre (1624 van Etten). The name thermoscopium appears somewhat earlier: see thermoscope n. a. An instrument for measuring temperature (see temperature n. 7) by means of a substance whose expansion and contraction under different degrees of heat and cold are capable of accurate measurement.For the history of the instrument and its names, see H. C. Bolton, The Evolution of the Thermometer (Easton, Past 1900), Renou Hist. du Thermomètre (Versailles 1876), Burckhardt Zur Geschichte des Thermometers, 1902.The earliest form was an air-thermometer invented and used by Galilei a1597, for indicating the temperature of the atmosphere; alcohol thermometers were used c1650; the device of a fixed zero (originally the freezing-point) was introduced by Hooke, 1665. The fixing of the zero at an arbitrary point below the freezing point is attributed to Fahrenheit n. and adj. of Amsterdam, who made mercurial thermometers c1720, and his scale has been in general use in England since c1724. The zero of Réaumur n. (1730), and of the centigrade adj. and n. thermometer of Celsius (1742), now largely used in science, is (like that used by Hooke and Sir I. Newton) the freezing-point. The ordinary form is now a slender hermetically sealed glass tube with a fine bore, having a bulb at the lower end filled with mercury, or with alcohol or other liquid, and adjusted to a graduated scale; variations of temperature being indicated by the varying heights of the column of liquid in the tube, due to its expansion and contraction.air, clinical, differential, Fahrenheit, gas, maximum, minimum, Réaumur's, register thermometer, etc.: see the first element. metallic (or bimetallic) thermometer, a thermometer which indicates temperature by differential expansion and contraction of composite metal bars. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument thermometer1633 thermoscope1656 therm1791 aethrioscope1818 1626 ‘H. van Etten’ Récréation Mathématique (ed. 2) 99 Thermomètre ou instrument pour mésurer les degrez de chalour ou de froidure qui sont en l'air.] 1633 tr. Math. Recreations lxix. 110 (heading) Of the Thermometer: or an instrument to measure the degrees of heat and cold in the aire. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 227 The same is evident from the Thermometer . View more context for this quotation 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia vii. 38 Sealed Thermometers, which I have, by several tryals, at last brought to a great certainty and tenderness:..for graduating the stem, I fix that for the beginning of my division where the surface of the liquor in the stem remains when the ball is placed in..water, that is so cold that it just begins to freeze..(which I mark with an [0] or nought). 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 30 It is very hot in Aleppo,..the first day of June at Noon I found by my Thermometre, that the heat was at the thirtieth Degree. 1744 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 43 32 Fahrenheit,..so well known by his Mercurial Thermometers. 1782 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 i. 72 Account of an improved Thermometer. By Mr. James Six. 1799 Monthly Rev. 30 9 In Pennsylvania, on the 14th of March,..Fahrenheit's thermometer stood at 65° at noonday, though it had been at 14° but a week before. 1820 Q. Jrnl. Sci., Lit. & Arts Jan. 316 The maximum and minimum of temperature in the course of the twenty-four hours, as marked by a register thermometer. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 71 Dry-and-wet bulb Thermometers... One of the instruments has its bulb free, whilst the other is covered with muslin. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 199 If a thermometer be buried in the ground.., it is found to be affected by all superficial changes of temperature. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. viii. 158 The tongue now begins to moisten, the pulse-rate and the thermometer to fall. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > instruments rammer1660 water hammer1765 saccharometer1784 thermometer1801 alcoholometer1803 alcohometer1809 cryophorus1813 nitrometer1821 alcoometer1825 alcoholmeter1831 blanchimeter1847 wet-bulb1849 absorptiometer1855 microtome1856 argentometer1879 Brix1897 Ostwald pycnometer1898 turbidimeter1905 Ostwald viscometer1911 oedometer1915 impinger1922 polarograph1925 photogoniometer1927 ultramicrotome1953 1801 A. Hamilton in N.-Y. Evening Post 29 Dec. 2/4 No bad thermometer of the capacity of our Chief Magistrate for government is furnished by the rule which he offers for judging of the utility of the Federal Courts. 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xlviii. 88 Taste..now-a-days is the thermometer By whose degrees all characters are classed. 1862 H. Smith True Missionary Spirit in Church 10 The true missionary spirit in the church is..the test and thermometer of her piety. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as thermometer bulb, thermometer piece, thermometer reading, thermometer scale, thermometer tube. ΚΠ 1784 J. Wedgwood in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 367 Some of the clay thermometer pieces were set on end upon the silver piece. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. xv. 125 A glass tube of extremely fine bore, such as a small thermometer-tube. 1901 Daily Chron. 26 Nov. 5/1 The downward tendency in yesterday's thermometer readings. C2. thermometer-gauge n. a steam-gauge which indicates the pressure in a boiler by the expansion of a fluid at the temperature due to the pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > fluid pressure > measuring instruments air gauge1787 piezometer1820 gas gauge1836 pressure gauge1836 thermometer-gauge1841 kymograph1855 telemanometer1884 tensimeter1907 isoteniscope1910 Pirani gauge1911 Knudsen gauge1918 Knudsen manometer1961 1841 Civil En.g & Arch. Jrnl. 4 13/1 The four instruments employed..to determine the pressure of steam,..the barometer-gauge, the air-gauge, the thermometer-gauge, and the spring-gauge or indicator. thermometer-stove n. a stove automatically regulated by means of a thermometer. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > stove > types of stove bath-stove1591 pech1591 stewpot1688 kitchen range1733 cockle1775 copper-hole1785 Franklin stove1787 kitchen stove1795 gas stove1818 calefactor1831 thermometer-stove1838 Vesta1843 airtight1844 ship-hearth1858 base-burner1861 wood-stove1875 box1878 tortoise1884 wood-burner1901 Quebec heater1903 pot belly1920 cosy stove1926–7 oil stove1934 paraffin stove1995 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 129/2 The self-regulating fire, or thermometer-stove. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1633
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