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单词 that
释义

thatpron.1adj.1adv.n.

Brit. /ðat/, U.S. /ðæt/
Forms: Old English þęt, Old English ðęt, Old English–early Middle English þæt, Old English–early Middle English ðæt, Old English (chiefly non-West Saxon and late)–early Middle English ðet, Old English (chiefly late)–Middle English þat, Old English (rare)–Middle English þet, late Old English thæt, late Old English–Middle English þad, late Old English–Middle English thet, early Middle English tatt ( Ormulum, after t, d), early Middle English tet (after t, d), early Middle English ðad, early Middle English þait (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English ðat, early Middle English þed, early Middle English þeð, early Middle English ðit, Middle English dat, Middle English det, Middle English ȝat, Middle English tat (after t, d, s), Middle English þaat, Middle English thate, Middle English þate, Middle English þath, Middle English þatt, Middle English thatte, Middle English þett, Middle English þhat, Middle English þut, Middle English–1700s thatt, Middle English– that; English regional 1700s thate (south-western), 1800s thot (Lincolnshire); also Scottish 1800s tat, 1800s t'at, 1800s– dat (Orkney and Shetland), 1900s– thaut, 1900s– thit; Irish English (Wexford) 1800s thet. In early use sometimes also represented by the abbreviations þ̄, þ̄t, ð, tht yt, and variants.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Use as demonstrative pronoun and demonstrative determiner of the nominative and accusative singular neuter of the Old English demonstrative adjective and pronoun and definite determiner se , sēo , þæt (see the adj., pron.2, and n.1). In Old English and early Middle English the pronoun and determiner were inflected: see the illustration of forms at the adj., and compare discussion at that entry. The inflected uses are covered at the adj. and the pron.2 This entry covers the pronominal use of the nominative and accusative singular neuter form þæt in Old English and early Middle English, and the subsequent generalized use of the form as an uninflected demonstrative pronoun and demonstrative determiner. Compare that pron.2 and that conj.Demonstrative use of this base is inherited from Germanic; compare discussion at the adj., pron.2, and n.1 Other Germanic languages, especially continental West Germanic languages, also show demonstrative use of reflexes of the base of yon adj., contrasting with reflexes of the base of this pron. to imply greater distance. In English, comparable use of yon pron. and yon adj. is found in Scots and in other regional varieties but it is chiefly that pron.1 and that adj.1 which are used with connotations of relative distance in space, time or mental association.
A. pron.1 Demonstrative pronoun with singular agreement.Equivalent pronouns with plural agreement are (formerly) tho pron.1, (subsequently) those pron.
I. As simple demonstrative pronoun.
1. The thing or person pointed out or present, or that has just been mentioned: cf. B. 1.Often, especially in implicit or explicit contrast with this, conveying a sense that what is referred to is relatively distant (in space, time, or mental association) from the speaker or writer.In Old English and early Middle English, used with the verb to be in the plural with reference to a plural predicate, where modern English uses those.
a. With reference to a thing (concrete or abstract).
(a) As subject, object, and prepositional object.Often serving instead of repetition of the name of the thing, and directing the attention back to it (thus more emphatic than it). Also: for emphasis used pleonastically in apposition to the noun (e.g. a large gin, that's the ticket).Sometimes (chiefly Scottish) used as a non-referential pronoun (e.g. that is a fine day ‘it's a fine day’).
Π
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) i. 29 Soðlice ða eagan ðæt beoð ða lareowas, & se hrygc ðæt sint ða hieremenn.
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 787 Þæt wæron þa ærestan scipu deniscra monna þe Angelcynnes lond gesohton.
OE Beowulf (2008) 2200 Eft þæt geiode ufaran dogrum hildehlæmmum.
OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) v. 250 Wið scorpiones bite & nædran slite, haran cyslyb geseald on wines drince, þætwel gehæleþ.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 29 Hwilch harm oðer hwilc unȝelimp ðe ðe to-cumþ..ðu art wel wurðe ðes eueles, for ðan ðe ðu hit hauest wel ofearned, þat and michele more.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 109 It mai ben hoten heuene rof: It hiled al ðis werldes drof..And ouer ðat so ful i-wis An-oðer heuene ful o blis.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 12560 Pryue synne and sacrylage, Þat loue y moste.
c1475 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 108 Luk nogth efter ylke a mans wile to do it, bot luk whilke es myne & do þat.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 7 And with that, j sall put sik thing langand warldly vnderstanding.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) ii. xi. 110 Quhat mair hard myschance..Apperit to me as that?
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 74 The errour of Vibicus. And that was this.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iii. i. 134 Remuneration, O that's the latine word for three-farthings.
1605 London Prodigall v. i. 222 Snailes, is there such cowardice in that?
1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. v, in Occas. Refl. sig. F5v To serve him that can give That, and much greater.
1709 London Gaz. No. 4599/4 It had a black Ribbon tied to it, and the Key of the Watch fastened to that.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 113 We shall..partake in the expertness and full digested remembrance belonging to that.
1808 E. Sleath Bristol Heiress I. 63 Rank, high life, fashionable amusement—that's the go.
1842 R. Browning Pied Piper of Hamelin in Bells & Pomegranates No. III: Dramatic Lyrics iv ‘Bless us’, cried the Mayor, ‘what's that?’
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. vi. iv. 313 ‘What noise was that?’ said Clym.
1894 A. S. Robertson Provost o' Glendookie 119 The usual salutation—‘that's a braw day’.
1927 Studies Dec. 706 If that is how they teach Greek history in London, then [etc.].
a1966 ‘F. O'Brien’ Third Policeman (1967) v. 65 ‘That is a fine day,’ I said. ‘What are you doing with a lamp in the white morning?’
1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. (Detroit Suppl.) 28/2 With that, they bring potato pancakes which are fresh and moist on the inside.
2005 H. Mantel Beyond Black ii. 10 A large gin, that's the ticket.
2017 L. Rivera Educ. Margot Sanchez xv. 170 Haven't seen you at the beach. What's up with that?
(b) Placed (as subject) after a noun in the predicate, with ellipsis of the copula to be (e.g. lucky escape, that).
Π
1795 E. Jerningham Welch Heiress v. 68 Miss Plin. Last night three minutes before twelve, I ascended the expecting couch. Mr. Fash. Very happy expression that!
1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 92 What an outlandish, toosey-headed, wee sunbrunt deevil o' a lassie that.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. ii. 16 Henry Foker is engaged to his cousin..not a bad coup of Lady Rosherville's, that.
1880 Ld. Tennyson Sisters 14 A sweet voice that—you scarce could better that.
1909 C. Young Motor Boys on Atlantic xxv. 200 Lucky escape, that... Five seconds more and he'd caught us.
1997 A. Smith Like (2001) 29 Angus made them all laugh even more by keeping his face straight and long... A rare thing, one up on Donnie, a rare enough thing that.
2014 B. Conaghan When Mr Dog Bites (2015) xxiv. 261 ‘What about a G and T?’ ‘No G left, I'm afraid.’.. ‘Shame, that.’
(c) Indicating a person contemptuously spoken of as a thing or creature.
Π
1861 G. Meredith Evan Harrington I. iii. 35 He may be a good soldier—good anything you will—but, Dios! to be married to that! He is not civilised.
1874 London Soc. Jan. 71 Is he not all thy husband and patron, With his burden of fat; And thou but the jest of a matron, Who art wedded to that?
1905 E. Glyn Vicissitudes Evangeline 127 ‘Would you like to marry Malcolm?’ I asked. ‘Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!’
1950 E. L. Stewart Men should Weep ii. i, in Sc. People's Theatre (Assoc. Scottish Lit. Studies) (2008) 88 Ye don't mean tae tell me you're marriet tae that?.. A good-lookin bit o' stuff like you?
1995 I. Welsh Marabou Stork Nightmares 140 I fancied myself as a hard cunt and it was fuckin shan to have that for a brother.
b. With reference to a person.
(a) As subject, object, and prepositional object. Now noting a person actually pointed out (not one just mentioned, except in emphatic pleonastic use in apposition to the noun). Chiefly as subject of the verb to be in stating or asking who or what a person is (e.g. Who's that in the corner?, That's my best friend over there). See also sense A. 4b.
Π
OE Beowulf (2008) 11 Þæt wæs god cyning.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 3044 Ȝif þer is Enymon so wis Þat beste red conne rede merlin þat is.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18131 Þat king o blis, quat es he, þat?
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2463 Ho wayned me vpon þis wyse..Þat is ho þat is at home, þe auncian lady.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. xxv. sig. ciiij What damoysel is that said Arthur, that is the lady of the lake said Merlyn.
1567 B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 117 The twa sentynallis that stude at the ȝet..spieret at yame quha Is yat?
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. ii. 38 Who's that at doore. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 79 Hel. Which is the Frenchman? Dia. Hee, That with the plume.
1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox ix. 215 By my Soul if that bee a Lady, my Husband may bee a Lady too.
1756 C. Smart tr. Horace Satires ii. vii, in tr. Horace Wks. (1826) II. 165 Is that boy guilty, who by night pawns a stolen scraper for some grapes?
1792 F. Burney Let. May in Jrnls. & Lett. (1972) I. 154 A grave man's voice behind me, said, ‘Is not that Miss Burney?’
1841 R. Browning Pippa Passes iii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. I 13/1 Why—there! is not that Pippa..under the window?
1854 W. M. Thackeray Rose & Ring viii ‘Who's that laughing?’ It was Giglio laughing.
1921 D. Cooper Diary 2 Oct. (2005) 151 He kept pointing to Gainsboroughs and Reynolds and saying ‘That's my aunt, that's my uncle’.
1958 ‘J. Castle’ & A. Hailey Flight into Danger x. 137 Is that you, Dave? Harry. Surprise for you—the Old Man is on the line.
2017 A. Thomas Hate u Give v. 80 ‘I just wanna talk to my girl,’ he claims. ‘I don't know who that is,’ I say.
(b) colloquial. Used in expressions of commendation; in recent use frequently expressing anticipatory commendation as a means of persuasion or encouragement (esp. to a child). Cf. there adv. 3b.Recorded earliest in that's my boy at boy n.1 3b.
ΚΠ
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxxix. 107 If he perceiue that his hounde draw right, let him clappe him on the side & cherish him, saying, Thats my boy, thats he, thats he.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. ii. 47 Thats my good sonne. View more context for this quotation
1609 R. Armin Hist. Two Maids More-clacke sig. B4v So my chucking, that's a good lambe, do not cry for any thing.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 301 After two daies I will discharge thee. Ar. That's my noble Master. View more context for this quotation
1707 C. Cibber School-boy i. 14 That's my good Child put on the to'ther Boot, and thou shalt have it.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vii. 66 ‘Very well,’ cried I, ‘that's a good girl.’
1849 T. Arnold Let. 10 Aug. (1966) 128 Do you, my dear K, have them sent to me, that's a darling.
1874 Baily's Mag. Apr. 85 Hold on a bit longer, that's a good fellow.
1956 M. Dickens Angel in Corner x. 198 ‘Good girl.’ He lay back on the pillow. ‘That's my girl,’ he murmured.
2011 Z. Strachan Ever fallen in Love 187 ‘Okay. I'll think about it.’ ‘That's my man.’
c. The fact, act, or occurrence, or the statement or question, implied or contained in the previous sentence. Often used instead of repeating a clause or phrase (cf. sense A. 1a(a)).In Old English and sometimes more recently referring to a following statement, where this is more usual. Cf. B. 1, and this pron. 1d.
Π
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 755 Ða on morgenne gehierdun þæt þæs cyninges þegnas..þæt se cyning ofslęgen wæs.
OE Cynewulf Elene 1167 Þæt is gedafenlic þæt ðu dryhtnes word on hyge healde.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1122 On þone lententyde þærtoforen forbearn se burch on Gleawecestre... Þet wes þes dæies viii idus Martii.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 26 Me gomeneð & gleadeð al of gasteliche murhden..is þet eani wunder?
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 10348 Wan þou seist quaþ þe king þat þat was mi þouȝt.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 191 Þo þe guode man y-zeȝ þet, he þoȝte þet þet wes þet word of þe godspelle þet he hedde y-yolde.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 28 Kay..smote downe kynge Lotte and hurte hym passynge sore. That saw the Kynge with the Hondred Knyghtes and ran unto sir Kay.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 2034 Goo we hens, for that hold I best.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Aiiiiv The Iews also se almyghty god: but that was in a more excellent maner.
?1556 N. Smyth in tr. Herodian Hist. Annot. sig. Gg.iii This name Septentrion..commeth of that, that .vij. starres doo make a signe in the heauen in forme of a wayne, & oxen yoked to labour.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 58 To be, or not to be, that is the question. View more context for this quotation
1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. I. iv. 154 The Pagans would jeer the Jews for that.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 140 I can just carve Pudden, and that's all.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet III. vii. 199 I will say that for the English..that they are a ceeveleesed people to gentlemen that are under a cloud.
1838 J. Ruskin Ess. Music & Painting in Wks. (1903) I. 285 If others do not follow their example,—the more fools they,—that's all.
1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat (1970) i. 21 He walks like a man who is full of roast turkey and things like that.
1958 I. Murdoch Bell (1984) i. 18 That was marriage, thought Dora; to be enclosed in the aims of another.
2017 Jrnl. Econ. Perspectives 31 204 I have measured the service flow of new cultural products based on consumers' buying decisions, and where that is not possible, I measure quality based on the judgment of critics.
d. After certain prepositions.
(a) Referring to a time just mentioned, or an act or event in relation to the time of its occurrence (e.g. after that ‘after that time’, ‘after that happened’). Chiefly in after that, before that. See also by that at by prep. 21b, with that at with prep. 16a(b). upon that: immediately after that time.In Old English only with prepositions taking the accusative. Phrases showing the reflexes of other case forms survive in early Middle English; cf. than pron., thy pron.In quot. c1175 with complementary clause introduced by a second that. Cf. fro than that at fro prep., conj., and adv. Phrases 1a.
ΘΠ
the world > time > relative time > different time > [adverb] > by that time
thatOE
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > succession [conjunction] > when, after, or after the time that
aftereOE
afterOE
thatOE
aftertime1443
afterward1483
artera1746
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > succeeding, following, or after [preposition] > at which an event occurs
thatOE
atc1230
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. ii. 103 Þonne æfter þæt on þære smyltan ylde þæs modes, þonne seo hæte þære costunge onweg gewiteð, hi beoð þara fata hyrdas.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14428 Fra þatt tatt adam shapenn wass. Anan till noþess time.
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 215 Þo nicht efter þet aperede an ongel of heuene in here slepe ine metinge.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 403 (MED) Cisterciens..singeþ prime; After þat þey gooþ to þe hondwerk þat þey doon by day.
c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 14360 Ffro that forth..There folowid Ihesu folk full fele.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 33 In the meane tyme, bitwixt that and daye.
a1555 H. Latimer Frutefull Serm. (1572) ii. f. 210 First he is a childe, afterward he becommeth a ladde, then a yong man, and after that a perfect man.
1636 W. Prynne Unbishoping of Timothy & Titus 107 Before that hee went up to the Apostles his Antecessors.
a1681 J. Lacy Sr. Hercules Buffoon (1684) v. i. 40 Upon that they all fell a laughing at him ready to split.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 278 A proclamation was upon that issued out.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 20 Some Time after that..they were..agreeably surpriz'd.
1775 in Narragansett Hist. Reg. (1885) Apr. 263 A man that was in company there the evening before that cut up a caper.
1802 T. Jefferson Let. 15 July in Wks. (1905) IX. 390 Probably on the 24th, or within 2. or 3. days of that.
1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter III. i. 5 My young mistress went to bed about eleven and the Count went to bed before that.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiii. 223 The same men..shut down their valve, as soon as the conversation approaches the English church. After that, you talk with a box-turtle.
1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations II. xiv. 224 I requested a waiter..to show us to a private sitting-room. Upon that, he pulled out a napkin, as if it were a magic clue without which he couldn't find the way up-stairs.
1928 C. S. Whitehead & C. A. Hoff Ethical Sex Relations (new ed.) i. iv. 135 A birth of the fœtus six weeks after the conception, was called a miscarriage; between that and six months, an abortion; and between that and nine months, premature labor.
1963 S. Fitzgerald Early Successes (1968) 228 Over on a dark peninsula a piano was playing the songs of last summer and of summers before that.
2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 11 Apr. a18/5 In the city's continuation schools..the school day ends in the early afternoon. After that, students are often on their own.
†(b) With a following clause introduced by that (cf. that conj. 6) as complement, equivalent to a conjunction expressing reason, purpose, or circumstance. for that that: for that cause that, because. in that that: in that circumstance that, inasmuch as. through that that: owing to the fact that. to that that: to the end that, in order that. without that that: except for the fact that. Obsolete. [With for that that compare forthon that conj. at for-thon conj. Derivatives, forthy that at for-thy conj. Derivatives, and also for-thon the conj. at for-thon conj. Derivatives, forthy the at for-thy conj. Derivatives.]
ΘΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > for that reason or because of that or inasmuch as
in thatc1175
for as mickle asc1390
in as (also so) mickle (as)c1390
in that thatc1450
by (the) means (also mean) (that)1549
by and by1565
in regard1600
in that (also this) view1688
the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > in order that
for thatc1175
to that that1502
to purpose that1582
in order that1671
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xvi. 163 Næron hi onlihte þurh þæt þæt hi godes beboda gehyrdon, ac hi wurdon onlihte þa ða hi godes beboda to weorce awendon.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12502 Þurrh þatt tatt te laferrd crist Wiþþ stod onn ȝæn hiss wille. Swa þatt he nollde don hiss ræd. Ne ȝeornenn affterr ahhte, Þær þurrh þe laferrd o-ferrcomm..te deofell.
1340 Ayenbite (1965) 220 He him ssel loki be his miȝte wyþ-oute þet þet [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues saue þat] he him moȝe marissi yef he wyle.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. iii. 18 Other men..camen out of housis, bysechynge with open bysechyng, for that that the place was to cummynge in to dispit.
c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 132 (MED) He honoureþ hym [sc. God] first in þat þat he leueþ hym al sympliche of al þat he seiþ.
c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 231 (MED) Hou may thaire suerte be kept agains thaire enmyes..sauf oonly by that that [a1500 Rawl. in lasse than] thaire voluntes ben in the puissaunce of oon chief?
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iii. sig. c.vi To that that he be worthely dysposed to receyue the grace.
1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere vi. p. cclxxiiii The knowen catholyke chyrch is proued to be the very chyrch of Cryst, in that that from the begynnynge it hath..bene..kepte and contynued one.
1535 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 417 In that that the said frensh kyng hathe..answered at all tymes on the kinges parte.
1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature sig. Siij. The Greeks cal it Orchis or Cinosorchis, for that, that this roote is like the twoo genitories of a dogge.
1620 J. Wilkinson Treat. Statutes conc. Coroners & Sherifes (new ed.) 1 The Statute of Westminster..rehearseth, For that that people of small condition..be..chosen [etc.].
2. Used emphatically, instead of repeating a previous word or phrase.
a. Preceded by and (rarely but), introducing an additional statement about what is mentioned in the previous clause (esp. with an adjective, adverb, or adverbial phrase). Now literary and rare.
ΚΠ
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clii. 194 Heo hafað berian synewealte..on þam ys sæd, & þæt sweart.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 121 Crist godes sune wes ibuhsum..to þa deðe, and þet to swulche deðe swa [etc.].
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 137 Sone me ssul compas is lif, And þat in a litil res.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 401 Sibille Eritria..wroot moche of Criste, and þat openliche, as in þis vers of heroes.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Friar's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 292 I haue been syk and that ful many a day.
c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 25 (MED) Lecherye..mase manes herte to melte, and to playe thare þare his herte lykes..and þat with-owten gouernynge of resoune.
?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection ii. l. 1067 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 207 We shall here tidinges.., And þat I trust shortlye.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings iv. 3 Borowe without of all thy neghboures emptye vessels, & that not a fewe.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. I4 Exercise indeede wee doe, but that, very fore-backwardly.
1654 J. Crandon Mr. Baxters Aphorisms Exorized & Anthorized i. xviii. 201 But what he hath proved before, I suppose, we have disapproved, and that sufficiently, before.
1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. viii. 381 We cannot produce them, and that because they are absolutely improducible.
1772 J. Wesley Jrnl. 2 June (1856) 375 A man began to scream, and that so loud that my voice was quite drowned.
1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 168 It was necessary..to act, and that promptly.
1884 Daily News 2 Aug. 5/3 The Players were among the very few teams which defeated them, and that soundly.
1912 Celtic Rev. 8 12 It has been alleged, and that correctly, that he gives only eight poems which were not previously published.
2004 P. Gregory Virgin's Lover 36 Elizabeth, new-come to her throne.., had to put her friends in high places and that quickly.
b. colloquial. Representing a word or phrase in the previous clause or sentence; in earlier use, usually standing first in its own clause, with inverted construction (e.g. that I will ‘I will do that’); now often following the verb (e.g. it is that ‘that is what it is’).
ΚΠ
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 291 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 103 ‘Malcus, smit of myn heued; furyeuen is þe þe sunne.’ ‘Þat ne dude ic nout for al þis worldes wnne.’
c1330 Sir Orfeo (Auch.) (1966) l. 457 ‘Ich biseche þe Þatow woldest ȝiue me Þat ich leuedi’... ‘Nay!’ quaþ þe king, ‘Þat nouȝt nere!’
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4161 ‘Ȝif ȝou likes, ȝive hem leue & hete hem þider wende...’ ‘Þat i wol’, seide william.
c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 276 Sche began, ‘Wilt þow not demen good þat doth aproven?’ I seide, ‘Yis, þat moste I nede allowen.’
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 209 Hath Any man condempnyd the. Mulier Nay for-soth þat hath þer nought.
?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 627 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 77 Master Brundyche Knoest any abut þis plase? Coll. Ye, þat I do.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. v. 56 Host. Was there a wise woman with thee? Fal. I that there was. View more context for this quotation
1643 Suddaine Answer to Suddaine Moderatour 3 The Moderator is full of Rhetorick and Oratory too, that he is.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xvi. 73 I'll Apparitorize you presently, with a Wannion, that I will.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 196 ‘I can say 'em all!’ ‘That you can't,’ said Tom.
1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 62 To feel with them, we must be like them; and none of us can become that without pains.
1871 ‘L. Carroll’ Through Looking-glass vi. 128 ‘They must be very curious-looking creatures.’ ‘They are that,’ said Humpty Dumpty.
1900 F. P. Dunne in Westm. Gaz. 13 June 1/3 ‘They'll be out here nex' week’... ‘They will that’, Mr. Dooley replied.
1941 E. Linklater Man on my Back (1947) iii. 41 ‘So you're going to fight the English?’ ‘We are that.’
1976 T. O'Brien Northern Lights i. 44 ‘That Harvey is some rascal...’ ‘That he is.’
1990 B. Moore Lies of Silence iii. 71 ‘I hear it's a real fuckin' bomb this time.’ ‘It is that.’
3.
a. Referring to one thing in contrast to another indicated by a subsequent pronoun. Chiefly in conjunction with this: see this pron. 2a (cf. sense B. 3). Also with other and in that..that: one thing..another thing.
Π
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xix. 460 Þonne lufað sum ðæt, sum elles hwæt.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1894 Constantin him vnder stod of is kunde londe, & god it were to abbe boþe þis & þat an honde.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms lxxiv. 9 Þe chalis in þe hond of þe lord of cleer wyn ful of mengid, And he boowede in of þat in to þat.
c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 173 (MED) Ȝif God wole; ȝif we liuen, we schullen do þat or þat.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 130 Lete oon seke þat, a noþer þat.
1648 Remonstr. conc. Grievances Eng. 13 He..does as unclearly consent to that, as he clearly dissented from the other.
1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Comical Wks. 405 Put that and that together.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 89 Lay that and that thegither!
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene I. xiv. 175 Young as I was, I also could put that and that together.
1997 N. Blincoe in M. River Allnighter 33 He asked me inside for a nightcap. He meant it, he knew I wasn't a user but he said he had a drop of whiskey indoors. I could drink that, he'd do a bit of the other.
†b. spec. The former, correlative to this ‘the latter’. Cf. this pron. 2b. Obsolete (archaic and literary in later use).
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tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 21 Ffor sunne & wynde hem make a tegument, Lest they in this be shake, in that to brent [L. a uentis et a sole defendi, ne hi quatiant, hic adurat].
1591 A. Fraunce (title) The Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch. Conteining the affectionate life, and vnfortunate death of Phillis and Amyntas: That in a Pastorall; This in a Funerall.
1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick Ep. Ded. sig. A4 Corruption of Manners, and Mazing Errors...These delude and distract, that doth deboish a people.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) 50 Warm water..mixed with hot and cold will lessen the heat in that, and the cold in this.
1868 S. J. Stone Penny Hymn Bk. 13 Go forth! firm Faith on every heart, Bright Hope on every helm, Through that shall pierce no fiery dart, And this no fear o'erwhelm.
II. As antecedent pronoun with postmodifying clause or phrase.Usually (as in sense B. 2) definitive rather than demonstrative, the relative clause or dependent phrase serving to complete the definition.
4. As antecedent to a relative pronoun or relative adverb expressed or understood.
a. Referring to a thing, in general sense. that that, that which: the thing which; what. Similarly that whereby, wherein, wherewith, whence, etc. (now rare).Formerly sometimes following a relative clause introduced by what, that being in this construction pleonastic and emphatic.In Old English as nominative and accusative singular neuter, frequently in þæt þe (see quot. OE2); cf. the pron.2 2.
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OE Ælfric Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesin (Corpus Cambr. 162) xlviii, in Anglia (1884) 7 34 Ne bið God næfre bepeht, ne him næfre ne ofþincð þæt, þæt he ær to ræde geþohte.
OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 6 Þæt þe of gaste is acenned, þæt is gast.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14024 Doþ þatt tatt he shall biddenn ȝuw.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 9 Ure lif we ledeð richtliche togenes ure louerd ihesu crist, gif we forbereð al þat þat him is unqueme.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 5801 Þe oþer vel adoun akne..& cryede him mercy..of þat þat he mis sede.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 377 Ech of hem himself amendeth Of worldes good, bot non entendeth To that which comun profit were.
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §9. m. 2 Havyng consideracioun to that that was prayed by the comon, that that that was evelle..shuld be..amended in this parlement.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 536 (MED) Wyrkez and dotz þat at ȝe moun.
c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 605 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 273 For-þi be sikker in þat,..þat scho þe taucht.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 48 Þat þat semys to ȝow yn þys matere.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxi. f. 177v Beste hylly grounde is nat that: the whiche is hye vpright, and skragged: but that, the whiche is ful of wodde, herbes, and grasse.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xi. 23 That which I gave vnto you I receaved off the lorde.
1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde ii. f. lxxi Though the chyld reiecte and vomyte vp agayne that the whiche it receaueth.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 33 That wherein I haue giuen you aduertisement..had issue from a heartie good will.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxvii. 180 That wherewith the writings of all antiquitie are consonant.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 208 Ha..that thou hadst seene that that this Knight and I haue seene. View more context for this quotation
1650 R. Gentilis tr. V. Malvezzi Considerations Lives Alcibiades & Corialanus 233 Coriolanus, who could not attain to that as he wanted, should have forsaken that which he had received.
1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks ii. ii. 49 What the mouth is, to an Animal; that the Root is to a Plant.
1710 J. Ollyffe Pract. Expos. Church-catech. I. 369 That which addeth very much to the criminalness of this Practice is, that there is no kind of advantage that accrueth to them thereby.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 13 What Consecration is to a Bishop, that Benediction is to an Abbot.
1779 C. Lofft tr. Elements Universal Law I. iii. xiii. 57 By reprisals..is meant, where, in consequence of things which a state has unjustly taken or destroyed, others are taken from the state which commenced the injury, by that which suffered it.
1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. ii. 226 Language has its rules as well as that whereto it applies.
1875 F. Hall in Lippincott's Monthly Mag. 15 341/1 There was that about the place which filled me with a sense of utter dreariness.
1953 E. A. Peers tr. St John of Cross Dark Night of Soul (2003) i. viii. 19 When they are commanded to do that wherein they take no pleasure.
2013 New Yorker 21 Oct. 70/2 There's a saying: That which ceases to be named ceases to exist.
b. Referring to a person. Now only noting a person actually pointed out (cf. sense A. 1b(a)), and chiefly in questions (in statements, periphrases such as ‘the one who’ or ‘the person who’ are usual).In quot. 1542 that which is used in a generic sense (usually expressed by ‘he who’ or ‘she who’).
Π
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 20 Whi, who is that hob ouer the wall? We! who was that that piped so small?
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 35 He..taunted Plato, as yt whiche in rebukyng hym did committe the veraye selfe same faulte.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. ii. 84 Who is that that spake? View more context for this quotation
a1665 R. Gell Remaines (1676) i. 248 Who is that that toucheth my cloaths?
1821 T. Moore Diary 15 Apr. (1925) 35 Bob, go and see who's that that's killed.
1835 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 26 Dec. 377/1 I asked her further who was that who had just gone out.
1874 Further Evid. Nairne Peerage 169 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 That is the lady who was examined under a commission from this House?
1890 A. Lang Red Fairy Bk. 192 Who is that who is touching my wood?
1994 P. F. Hamilton Quantum Murder (1998) 126 That was one sick fucker who did that, Mr. Mandel.
2007 L. T. Bergren Betrayed iii. 31 Just who was that who saved us all upon the beach?
c. Referring to a preceding noun, and equivalent to the with the noun; e.g. that which = ‘the system which’ in the fairest system is that which the bill applies in the case of clubs.
Π
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Batrachion, an herbe, whiche I do suppose is that whiche is commonly called goldknap, or crowefoote.
1547 R. Record Judic. Uryne 69 b A cloddy uryne is that which hath in it cloddes of blood.
1591 R. Hill tr. W. Perkins Golden Chaine vi. sig. B3 Gods operatiue permission, is that by which he only permitteth one and the same work to be done of others.
1634 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (new ed.) II. 141 The Sitanian bread, i. that which is made of three months corn.
1693 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. (ed. 2) 179 Rimula Laryngis, that which is covered by the Cartilage of the Epiglottis.
1736 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer II. 26 This Salt, which is of a hot moist Nature, is that with which they make their Camp Cellars, by mixing it with Clay, to keep their Wine and other Liquors in.
?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 205 The Visual or Optic Angle, is that which is contained under the two right lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the eye.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed xv, in Tales Crusaders I. 302 Breaking into your apartment, [he] transported you to that where I myself received you from his arms.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 68 The proportion..between the load at the maximum and that by which the wheel is stopped.
1859 J. Ruskin Two Paths ii. §54 Fine Art is that in which the hand, the head, and the heart..go together.
1909 Daily Chron. 13 Aug. 4/3 The fairest system is that which the Bill applies in the case of clubs.
2009 New Yorker 3 Aug. 32/3 The most intriguing bathing attire is that which refers to an earlier era, a movie, or another article of clothing.
5. Followed by a complementary phrase, consisting of a preposition (esp. of) with a noun, or of a participle, which modifies or particularizes that in the manner of a relative clause.
a. Referring to something just mentioned, and equivalent to the with the noun, or the one. Cf. sense A. 4c.
Π
OE Will of King Ælfred (Sawyer 1507) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 17 Agyfe man..þam gingran minan suna þæt land æt Eaderingtune & þæt æt Dene & þæt æt Meone.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1100 He heafde on his agenre hand..þet bisceoprice on Winceastre & þet on Searbyrig.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 689 The world of Selver was begonne And that of gold was passed oute.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 8 Ȝif all it be so þat men seyn þat this croune is of thornes... I haue seen..many tymes þat of parys & þat of Costantynoble..þei were bothe..made of russches of the see.
1528 T. Wyatt tr. Plutarch Quyete of Mynde sig. a.ivv It must be that the lyfe of women were more quietous than that of men.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 54v So doth their Pearch exceed that of other Countries.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. iv. §22, in Wks. (1727) II. 165 The Liberty of Man, in Society, is to be under no other Legislative Power, but that established by Consent in the Commonwealth.
1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) iii. xi. 387 That at Radcliff was founded by Nicholas Gibson.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Necessity Moral Necessity..is only a great Difficulty, such as that arising from a Long Habitude, a strong Inclination, or violent Passion.
1798 Edinb. Mag. Feb. 123/2 His [sc. Gainsborough's] best portrait is that known among the painters by the name of the Blue boy.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 92 The post arrived, and brought letters... That from his sister was full of tender solicitude.
1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd iii, in Cornhill Mag. Jan. 11 The rapidity of her glide into this position was that of a kingfisher—its noiselessness that of a hawk.
1936 S. Glasstone Recent Adv. Gen. Chem. vi. 250 An influence on solubility which is in addition to that resulting from differences in internal pressures.
1972 J. T. Robinson Early Hominid Posture & Locomotion ix. 125 Their technique of reconstruction is entirely different from that used by me.
2017 New Scientist 7 Jan. 27 Headlight beetles can..glow with a brightness of around one-fortieth that of a candle.
†b. Referring to a statement or saying cited immediately afterwards, usually in that of (the author). Obsolete.
Π
1604 B. Jonson His Pt. Royall Entertainem. sig. D A Hat of delicate wooll, whose top ended in a Cone, and was thence called Apex, according to that of Lucan. lib. 1. Attollensque Apicem generoso vertice Flamen.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. v. §2 The Ægyptians are supposed to have been best skilled as to the form of the year, according to that of Macrobius, Anni certus modus apud solos semper Ægyptios fuit.
1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 309 Perhaps the largess may be the greater, according to that, ‘The booty which is sought for by many hands is quickly acquired’.
1679 T. Puller Moderation Church of Eng. ix. 236 Alledging that of St Bernard: Such a number of Festivities, is fitter for Citizens, than for Exiles and Pilgrims.
c. In general sense: the thing that is——, what is——. Cf. A. 4a. Now rare.
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1607 C. Newporte in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) 54/1 Not having any man to put in trust of the ship and that in her.
1740 J. Arnaud Alarm touching Health 13 That called by some Apple Brandy, is only weak Malt Spirits put into Cyder Casks.
1845 R. Browning Laboratory in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics iv That in the mortar—you call it a gum?
1867 W. Morris Life & Death of Jason vi. 113 Careful of that stored up within our hold.
2004 Believer Oct. 43/1 That hanging at his side is a sabertache, see?
6. With ellipsis of a following relative (as subject or object of the relative clause). That person or thing which. In later use only where that is definitely demonstrative or emphatic, as in sense A. 1. In earlier use the antecedent pronoun was omitted and that was relative: see that pron.2 3. From the 16th cent. onwards there are examples in which it is difficult to say whether the single that is the antecedent or the relative, but wherever it is emphatic it may be considered the demonstrative. See also the etymological note at that pron.2
Π
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. 295 For that is myne is yours.]
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. lxv/2 The captayne..came to the walles and sayd: who is that calleth there this tyme of nyght.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. iii. 190 May be the knaue bragg'd of that he could not compasse. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 147 Be that thou know'st thou art, and then thou art As great as that thou fear'st. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 310 Thy Honorable Mettle may be wrought From that it is dispos'd. View more context for this quotation
1850 J. M. Neale Mediæval Hymns 20 Here vouchsafe to all Thy servants That they supplicate to gain.
1852 M. Arnold Tristram & Iseult i. 7 Who is that stands by the dying fire?
1883 J. G. Whittier Our Country 12 The best is that we have to-day.
1894 H. H. Gardener Unofficial Patriot 49 She was not of his fold! It was that she thought of.
1963 J. Thompson Grifters (1985) vii. 49 Their tyranny, in its own way, seemed almost as bad as that she had fled from.
2015 M. Evening Photographers at Work vii. 181 (sidebar) The image quality from CMOS sensors has not always been as good as that you can get from a CCD.
B. adj.1 Demonstrative determiner with singular agreement.Equivalent determiners with plural agreement are (formerly) tho adj., (subsequently) those adj.On the difficulty of distinguishing use as a determiner to indicate definiteness or as a demonstrative in Old English and early Middle English, see discussion at the adj., pron.2, and n.1
1.
a. Used in agreement with a following noun to indicate a thing or person either as being actually pointed out or present, or as having just been mentioned and being thus mentally pointed out. Also (occasionally): referring to something mentioned immediately afterwards.Often, especially in implicit or explicit contrast with this, conveying a sense that what is referred to is relatively distant (in space, time, or mental association) from the speaker or writer.Now distinguished from the definite article the adj. as being demonstrative, i.e. pointing out, and not merely definitive, i.e. distinguishing or singling out.
(a) Standing immediately before the noun or adjective and noun.
Π
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. xiii. 129 Þæt gefeoht [L. hoc bellum] wearð swiþe mære, þeh þe Octauianus sige hæfde.
OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 97 Illud caput þæt heafod, illius capitis þæs heafdes.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8490 Þe laferrd haffde litell rum. Inn all þatt miccle riche.
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 247 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 88 In a fet ful of water ho gunnen hire adrenche... Þet fet bigon to bersten.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 61 Ðat was ðe firme morgen-tid..Wid ðat ligt worn angles wrogt.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 205 Ich wille telle þat cas.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 671 He wend to haue lauȝt þat ladi loueli in armes.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 63 (MED) Joseph..said he sulde com agayn þat day viij dayes.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 65 That jantillwoman was causer of my fadirs deth.
1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (1588) iv. vii. 517 To certifie an other Record of the acquittall of that Enditee.
1661 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 3) xix. 238 [This fish] was almost a yard broad, and twice that length.
1682 R. Boyle Let. in Wks. (1772) VI. 43 But, together with that unwelcome news, you send me what does much alleviate the unwelcomness of it.
1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 16 My stock is little, but that stock my own.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. viii. 265 She hardly dared to suffer her thoughts to glance that way.
1821 Ld. Byron Isles of Greece in Don Juan: Canto III 50 The tyrant of the Chersonese Was freedom's best and bravest friend; That tyrant was Miltiades!
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 189 Sophy, put down that knife—Maria, that child will cut her fingers off.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 415 The gates were closed at nine o'clock, and on no pretext opened after that hour.
1897 Pall Mall Mag. Feb. 188 The wife of the that time Governor.
1932 W. Faulkner Light in August xvi. 352 A sign from God above that town..was not doing him anything but harm.
2002 Guardian 15 Jan. i. 5/8 At least these days people believe that old excuse: sorry but my train was late.
†(b) With a possessive preceding the noun. Obsolete (archaic in later use).The periphrasis with of (see of prep. 32) is now substituted for the possessive.
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eOE Metres of Boethius (2009) xx. 29 Is ðæt micel gecynd þines goodes,.., forðon hit is eall an ælces þincges, þu and þæt ðin good.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1046 I thanke God of Hys grete mercy, and never of my deservynge, that I saw in that my queste as much as ever saw ony synfull man lyvynge.
1534 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. i. D Accordynge to the workynge of that his mighty power.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxviiiv A perpetuall memory of that his precious death.
1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Dialogicall Disc. Spirits & Diuels 233 You are now fledde..to the succourlesse shelter of that your weather beaten action.
1656 Sir R. Browne in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1897) III. 285 The subject of that my miscarried letter..was that [etc.].
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xlv. 462 Because he found still the Continuance of that his misorder.
1799 A. J. Dallas Rep. Cases U.S. & Pennsylvania 3 365 He requested the said Donald & Burton at 60 days sight of that his first of exchange (his second and third not paid) to pay to the order of Mr. Hector Kennedy, £770. sterling.
b. Indicating a person or thing assumed to be known, or to be known to be such as is stated. Often (esp. before a person's name) implying censure, dislike, or scorn; but sometimes commendation or admiration. Frequently modifying a noun or noun phrase that is in apposition to another noun or noun phrase.
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OE Blickling Homilies 149 Þa raþe eode Satanas þæt deofol & [perhaps read on] þara Iudea ealdormen & heora ongan þa ælc cweþan to oþrum [etc.].
c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 78 Eowre Hælend..to us com nu todæȝ,..acenned of Mariæ þet haliȝe mæden [OE Julius of þæm halgan mædene marian].
a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 221 Go[d] þa ȝeswefede þat adam [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 geswefode þone adam] and..ȝename he ribb of his sidan.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 20 Quhu lucifer, ðat deuel Dwale..held hem sperd in helles male.
c1390 (?a1300) Stations of Rome (Vernon) (1867) i. l. 405 Pope pelagius, þat holy mon.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11815 Þis herods..þat caitif vn-meth and vn-meke.
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 50 The aungeles songen that ioyful songe Gloria in excelsis.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Tim. i. 12 He is able to kepe that which I have committed to his kepynge agaynst that daye.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Gluttony, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 301 Holofernes..had his head stricken from his shoulders by that seely woman Judith.
1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 401 Thy gay Sonne, that winged God of Loue.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iv. 15 That Drug-damn'd Italy. View more context for this quotation
1646 R. Baillie Let. 31 Jan. (1841) II. 349 Will that fool Johnstone never take any course for your books?
1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 1. ⁋1 Mr. Airs, that excellent penman.
1800 W. Wordsworth in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads II. 89 I hate that Andrew Jones: he'll breed His children up to waste and pillage.
1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. xiv. 106 He's a dour crater, that Murdoch Malison.
1867 G. Meredith Vittoria II. xxviii. 201 Ah! in that England of yours, women marry for wealth.
a1940 F. S. Fitzgerald Last Tycoon (1974) i. 172 It wasn't like the time I lost my boy—that time my boy played the piano with that girl Reina in a little New England farmhouse.
1997 W. Self Great Apes (1998) ix. 145 Or possibly it's something to do with that bright young female Sarah Peasenhulme?
1999 C. Aherne et al. Royle Family Scripts: Ser. 2 (2000) Episode 3. 73 Tell you what she's a lucky girl that Emma.
c. Used with a plural noun, instead of those.
(a) Before plural nouns generally. Now Scottish (chiefly northern).
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxvi. 3 Þou shalt go to þe prest þat were in þat [a1425 L.V. tho] dayȝes.
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3605 He come þere þat ladyes to, And tolde hem alle.
a1500 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Douce) (1937) l. 2505 [a1400 Egerton And in oo graue were þey leide] That hende knyghtes.
1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xxixv Also to washe that partes in water.
1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. H.h.iiv From that vaynes that be not yet affixed vnto chorion.
1575 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 473 The present troublis quhairwith that cuntreis ar inquietit.
1728 in P. Walker Six Saints (1901) I. 91 After this the said David became officer in that bounds.
1833 Aberdeen Shaver 14 Nov. 22 People of that names.
1897 J. Mackinnon Braefoot Sketches 148 Ye maun pit a stop tae that veggybons o' loons playin' at their bools at the ga'le o' my hoose.
1929 P. Grey Ravelled Yarn 21 Ane o' that machines for darnin' socks.
1970 Huntly (Aberdeenshire) Express 10 July 2 You an' me'll gyang an' see fat's come o' that men.
1992 J. Miller Fine White Stoor 123 D'ye no read aboot that things at the school?
(b) With plural nouns treated as singulars (now chiefly means).
Π
1538 N. Shaxton Let. 21 Mar. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxi. 150 If yee advoking this Matter into your Hands, by that Means bear the Abbot in his evil Dealing.
1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa II. i. vii. 238 I will..spare thee that paines.
1710 J. Swift Examiner No. 16. ⁋7 That ill manners..I have been often guilty of.
1755 E. Young Centaur v. 277 Shall we grudge to pay half that pains for an Eternity?
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola III. x. 104 He knew well that her mind revolted from that means of escape.
1922 Hearings before Comm. on Finance U.S. Senate Tariff Act 1921 Sched. 3 1938 Here is a scissors which is imported from J. Henckels, of Germany, which he says costs $5.13 in Germany. In the United States that scissors sells to the user for $3 per pair.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) vii. 303/1 Nowadays more and more water systems use nonmetallic, nonconductive pipes and fittings, so that means of earthing is no longer reliable.
2003 R. K. Thomas Health Services Planning xi. 238 If the planning itself is being outsourced, the research activities would probably be carried out under that auspices.
(c) With a phrase containing a numeral, used in a collective sense.
Π
1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man i. 3 There's that ten guineas you were sending to the poor gentleman.
1861 A. Trollope Framley Parsonage I. xiii. 252 As to that five thousand pounds.
1865 M. E. Braddon Only a Clod xxiv During that rainy six weeks.
1954 G. D. Read Childbirth without Fear (rev. ed.) xiii. 140 Each year from ten to fifteen days of that three weeks had to be sacrificed.
1990 P. Melville Shape-shifter (1991) 82 Oh excuse me, Mrs Parrish. I was wondering if you could give me that two pounds back.
†d. The same. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 84 The Rose that is eaten with the Canker is not gathered bicause it groweth on that stalke that the sweet doth, neyther was Helen made a Starre bicause shee came of that Egge with Castor.
2.
a. In agreement with a noun which is the antecedent to a relative (expressed or understood). Cf. sense A. 6.Usually definitive rather than demonstrative, serving for introduction or anticipation of the relative clause, which completes the description; thus often interchangeable with the (cf. the adj. 13), but usually more emphatic. Also with a noun further defined by a participle (as in quot. 1813).
Π
OE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 188) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 34 Swa swa Abraham dyde, se ealda heahfæder..and þæt wif Anna, ðe geoffrode Samuhel.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 739 Iohan. onn ennglissh spæche. Bitacneþþ uss þatt þing þatt iss All affterr godess wille.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 236 Leouere heom his to libben bi þan wode-roten al swa þat wilde swin þat wroteð ȝeond þan grouen þane heo þine þeowedomes lengre iþolien.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1 Man og to luuen ðat rimes-ren Ðe wisseð wel ðe logede men Hu man may him wel loken.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Kings Prol. l. 19 Þe prouerbis of Salomon..fro þat place in whiche he seiþ, a strong womman who schal fyndyn wiþ þe same abecees or markynges ben nowmbrid.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 51 Ȝet hym is þe hyȝe Kyng harder..As Maþew melez in his masse of þat man ryche Þat made þe mukel mangerye to marie his here dere.
c1425 Castle of Love (Egerton) (1967) l. 79 (MED) Mammentrie is to do creature that honour That thou suld do all onely to thi creatour.
a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum l. 701 in Poems (1899) 74 That kyng that maketh his Region To be obedient to his iuste lawe.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 24 Erle Emerye and Raymondin..stode..on that syde as them semyd that the stryf was.
1637 P. Heylyn Briefe Answer Burton 75 It was ordeined, that that mans tongue should be cut out which did speake any slanderous..words.
1647 C. Cotterell & W. Aylesbury tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civill Warres France i. 42 Brought..to that issue as was intended.
1659 J. Dryden Heroique Stanza's xiii, in E. Waller et al. Three Poems 4 Like that bold Greek who did the East subdue.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. i. iv. §42 By withholding that relief God requires him to afford.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Hermetical Physick, is that Hypothesis..which refers the Cause of all Diseases to Salt, Sulphur and Mercury.
1779 Mirror No. 50. ⁋2 That listlessness and languor which attend a state of total inaction.
1813 J. C. Eustace Tour through Italy II. ix. 244 On that peninsulated rock, called La Spilla, hanging over yonder deep cavern.
1895 M. J. O'Neill How he does It ix. 115 That ruler who would try to stop young love's heart-piercing arrow.
1902 H. L. Wilson Spenders xxxv. 429 That guy that doped me, he wa'n't satisfied with my good thirty-dollar wad.
1997 T. Etchells in M. River Allnighter 49 Fokker was exactly that sort of bloke what slept in the daytime.
†b. In adverbial phrases of time or place, with following relative clause (with relative usually omitted). Chiefly in †by that time (that): by the time that. Obsolete.In quot. ?1573 with adverb clause.
Π
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 746 Sannt iohan wass streonedd ta Þurrh faderr. & þurrh moderr. Þatt time þatt teȝȝ wærenn ba Winntrede menn. & alde.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xix. 30 Neuer such thyng is don in Israel fro þat day þat oure fadris steȝedyn vp fro egipt vn to þe tyme þat is now.
c1430 (c1380) G. Chaucer Parl. Fowls (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1871) l. 484 Syn that day I was born So gentil ple in loue..Ne herde neuere no man me be-forn.
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3160 Fulle seke he was By þat tyme þat he þedur þo come.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. 240 By that tyme it was day, they came to the mountayne.
?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 46v That night before they should saile in the morning, appeared vnto Simonides the selfe same man.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. xi. 21 [They] beset the wood, that way the army should returne.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler vii[i]. 147 The Melter hovers over her all that time that she is casting her Spawn.
1656 S. Holland Don Zara ii. iii. 92 By that time they were half way over Styx, they espyed an aged person.
1760 Impostors Detected II. iv. iii. 179 He..got me a wife by that time I had attained my fifteenth year.
1805 E. Clark Banks of Douro I. 48 Enraptured at that time the event took place.
3. Used, in opposition to this, to denote the more distant of two things, or often (in vague use) to indicate one thing as distinguished from another. Cf. sense A. 3 and this adj. 2.
Π
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. xii. 5 Oon stode on this syde, vpon the ryuere of floode, and an other on that syde, on the tother part of the floode.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 64 (MED) Comaunde and comaunde ageyne, abyde and abyde ageyn, now on this syde, now on that syde.
1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier xxii. sig. K.iiij Iacob, Ioseph with many other of the auncient Patriarkes worshypped & prayed vnto God, one in this, another in that place.
1552 T. Wilson Rule of Reason (rev. ed.) sig. K ijv Showyng it to be true in this substaunce, and that substaunce.
1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον iv. 168 This Labyrinth..being a house so intricated with windings and turnings this way and that way.
1697 W. Lancaster Serm. before House of Commons 11 He knows what's done in this Cabal, in that Cabinet, in the other Conclave.
1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. Introd. 6 Pointing this way, and that way.
1749 Occas. Let. from Farmer to Free-men of Dublin 6 Two Seats are vacant to your City in Parliament, and it is not now the Question whether a Charles or a Samuel, a Latouche or a Burton, whether this Man or that Man shall be chosen.
1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. xi. 179 Walter led his..patron through this field and that field.
1807 Farmer's Mag. 356 He argues from suppositions, and supposes this thing and that thing;—but surely I am not answerable for his suppositions.
1874 C. Gibbon In Honour Bound II. ix. 132 There's this plea, and that plea, and one delay, and another delay, until I'm clean worried out of my judgment wi' expectations that come to naething.
1940 Trans. 29th National Safety Congr. (U.S. National Safety Council) 452/1 Each department is more or less interested in itself, and when you start comparing it with other departments, you get into the old argument of the hazard ratio between this department and that department.
1996 F. McCourt Angela's Ashes (1997) ix. 265 There might be bombs but she'd prefer bombs anytime to the shame of begging from this one and that one.
†4. Indicating quality or amount: of that kind or degree; such, so great. Followed by that (conjunction), as (with finite verb or infinitive), infinitive (without as), or relative pronoun (also with ellipsis of the conjunction or relative); rarely without correlative. Obsolete.Cf. branch C.
Π
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 131 She..wepte for her synnes: þat [Fr. Ce] was the loue of God and the drede that she had for her misleuinge.
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Deut. Prol. sig. Aiij When I am brought in to that extremite that I must ether suffre or forsake god.
a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) iii. 133 Saynt Partryckes purgatory..is not of that effycacyte as is spoken of.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 48 From me whose loue was of that dignitie That it went hand in hand, euen with the vowe I made to her in marriage. View more context for this quotation
1650 J. Milton Tenure of Kings (ed. 2) 57 With that cunning and dexterity as is almost unperceavable.
1678 I. Walton Life of Sanderson 53 An Error of that Magnitude, that I cannot but wonder.
1734 Duchess of Queensberry in Lett. C'tess Suffolk (1824) II. 94 This enlivened us to that degree that we were mighty good company.
1821 P. B. Shelley in Lady S. Mem. (1859) 155 I hope that I have treated the question with that temper and spirit as to silence cavil.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xlvii. 472 He..struck her..with that heaviness, that she tottered on the marble floor.
1865 L. Oliphant Piccadilly (1870) 241 He blushed to that degree that I felt quite shy.
C. adv. Demonstrative adverb.
†1. After that, then. Obsolete.Used to introduce individual boundary markers in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds.
Π
OE Bounds (Sawyer 618) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 2 (2001) 280 Of ðam broce ongean stream, þæt on þæt riscbed, of ðam riscbedde þæt on ðone weg.
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 362) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 244 Ðet west andlang dic on wylle weg, ðæt andlang wylle weges on widancum.
a1170 (?OE) Bounds (Sawyer 567) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 2 (2001) 211 Þæt adune be broce oð pyppel riðiges ut scyte,..þæt to pyppel bricge.
2. Modifying a predicative adjective, adverb, or †verb (obsolete, rare). To that extent or degree, so much, so; very.Cf. the related adjective use at sense B. 4.
a. In affirmative contexts.
ΚΠ
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6279 His sekenes þat encrest, he gert beere him..Aboute þe contre on a bere.
1616 in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) vii. 160 If I had been that unhappy as to have such a foolish thing.
a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 67 This was carried with that little noise that..the..Bishop was not awaked.
1703 R. Calder Vindic. Serm. 9 He is that Ingenuous as to tell that he wrote not all I said.
1803 J. Boswell Change Edinb. 5 Gowd's no that scanty.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxiv. 243 I was on my guard for a blow, he was that passionate.
1884 C. E. L. Riddell Berna Boyle vii The rooms are that small you might reach a book off the opposite wall.
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xxi He was that weak as he could hardly walk.
1932 R. Lehmann Invit. Waltz i. iii. 39 This weather's that treacherous, you never know.
1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon iv. 85 I was that ashamed I didden know w'ere to look.
1986 S. Baxter & A. Mitchell Stanley Baxter's Bedside Bk. Glasgow Humour xvi. 87 Well, when I got that cable to return to Glasgow I dashed out to Madrid Airport. I was that excited!
2005 J. McGahern Memoir 17 Often we wouldn't be able to hold tools in the evenings, our hands would be that black and swollen.
b. In negative contexts, esp. not (all) that: not exceptionally, not very.
ΚΠ
1773 R. Fergusson Poems 97 The skaith ye've met wi's nae that sma', Sin Gregory's dead.
1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xix. 282 There's something no that canny about auld Janet Gellatley.
1846 W. Cross Disruption i. 6 I was na that ill fa'ured mysel' ance in a day.
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. p. lxxxii 'E inna that owd.
1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover xii. 204 They're not all that anxious to come out an' feed.
1959 B. Kops Hamlet of Stepney Green 122 Sam. He'll fall [for you]... Hava. Do you really think so? Anyway—I'm not that hard up.
1964 T. White tr. G. Simenon Maigret & Sat. Caller iv. 70 ‘Were they heavy?’..‘Quite heavy, but not all that.’
1981 Listener 22 Oct. 462/1 The forgiveness of sin isn't just an easygoing matter, as if to say: ‘Well, you sinned, but it doesn't matter all that much—I forgive you.’
1984 A. Brookner Hotel du Lac x. 146 I can understand their position, although I'm not all that sympathetic.
2001 B. Geddes World Food: Caribbean 26 The menus are not that distinct from those of Chinese restaurants.
3. Modifying an adverb or adjective of quantity, indicating the precise amount (more definite than so; e.g. that far ‘as far as that’).
Π
c1635 S. Rutherford Lett. (1675) iii. 52 I repose that much in His rich grace, that He will be loath to change upon me.
1682–4 in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 180 His Maj: power did not reach yt far to medle With ye power of ye Keys and intrinsick Government of ye Church.
1805 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 39 His family, which he had sent that far in the course of the day.
1856 H. B. Stowe Dred I. i. 5 I never liked anything that long [= six weeks].
1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne II. xi. 224 ‘I..recollect you that high’—holding her hand about six inches off the table.
1929 Publishers Weekly 23 Nov. 2495 Estimated sale before Christmas: 250,000—if they can be printed that fast.
1998 Indianapolis Star 17 Dec. b4/3 One state lawmaker couldn't believe Medicaid expenses could grow that quickly.
2003 P. Anthony Cube Route vi. 127 Women are not supposed to be that tall and clumsy.
D. n.
†1. (A name of) the letter ð in early Middle English. Cf. edh n. Obsolete.
Π
c1175 Names of Letters in N. R. Ker Catal. MSS containing Anglo-Saxon (1957) 337 Anglicę litterę Ƿ wen, Ð ðet, Þ þorn, 7 ⁊ and.
2. An instance of the word that. Also: a thing which can be referred to by the word that. Plural thats (now frequently contrasted with whats). Cf. this n. 1.
Π
a1631 J. Donne LXXX Serm. (1640) lxiii. 634 So here, it is not a This, or That, This wicked, or that wicked man, but The wicked, every wicked man is surrounded with this sorrow.
1788 S. Johnson & G. Steevens Annot. Troilus & Cressida in Bell's Ed. Shakspere XIX. 152 Our readers may luxuriate in an ample feast of thats and whiches.
1866 J. Ruskin Ethics of Dust v. 100 You..begin to think that it is a chastisement, or a warning, or a this or that or the other of profound significance.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xii. 466 The conception of some object as a whole..points to and identifies for future thought a certain that.
1895 Harper's Mag. Nov. 952/1 There were many thises and thats put together.
1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe 342 All the whats as well as the thats of reality, relational as well as terminal, are in the end contents of immediate concrete perception.
1933 Mind 42 27 A fundamental tenet rather insistently taught us..; namely, that things and events, as real, are thats, as well as whats.
1975 New Yorker 5 May 139/1 We wish not to guess but to know more than thises and thats, to know universal truths.
2003 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 5 Apr. 1371/1 Tomahawk missiles, Stealth bombers, laser-guided thises and thats—all wildly overpriced hardware.
3. Usually with capital initial. Substituted for a proper name. Frequently coupled with this: see this n. 2.
Π
1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) i. 17 Here are Mrs. this or that, old maids, and so many widow ladies.
1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xliv. 86 Miss That or This, or Lady T'other.
1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel III. xi. ii. 243 A set of demagogical fellows, who keep calling out, ‘Farmer This is an oppressor, and Squire That is a vampire!’
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1904) i. 9/2 He..placed me between Provost This and Principal That.
1910 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 307 The immediacy of faith..will furnish us with the That, whilst we may have to look to other sources for the What.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xviii. [Penelope] 713 Miss This Miss That Miss Theother lot of sparrowfarts skitting around talking about politics they know as much about as my backside.
2004 J. Burchill Sugar Rush (2005) 65 ‘Let's go and have that blunt. Gonna need it, hanging with Princess Thing and Little Miss..That,’ she trailed off weakly.

Phrases

P1. In senses of branch A.
a. that is.
(a) Introducing (or more rarely following) an explanation of the preceding word, phrase, or statement, or a modifying correction of it.See also that is to say at say v.1 and int. Phrases 2a, that is to wit at wit v.1 10b.In quot. OE1 with the verb to be in the plural with reference to a plural predicate.
Π
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xviii. 317 Þas dagas sind gehatene letanię, þæt sind gebeddagas.
OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 297 Seo oðer miht is castitas, þæt is clænnyss on englisc.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 7 Cefalaponia [L. cephalea], ðæt ys heafodsar, and þat sar fylȝþ lanȝe þan heafode.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 257 Efter schrift falleð to speoken of penitance þet is deað [read dead] bote.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 5135 Al walis & al þe march & al middel lond ywis, Þat is al þat bituene temese & homber is.
c1440 ( J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 8 The thirde sacrament es callede ‘penance’, þat es, sothefaste for-thynkynge þat we hafe of oure syn.
1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. xxiii. 78 His lands..in all cases of felonie are commonly lost from him and his heires, if he be foreiudged, that is, condemned for a felon by the lawe.
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes i. i. 4 in Wks. II Look to me,..That is, looke on me, and with all thine eyes.
1708 F. Atterbury 14 Serm. Pref. p. iii Little Credit is due to Accusations of this kind, when they come from suspected (that is, from Nameless) Pens.
1753 Discoveries J. Poulter (ed. 2) 33 They pike up the Prancers, that is, go up Stairs, and fisk the Lumbers, that is, search the Rooms.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxiii. 440 Every animated being has its sensorium, that is, a certain portion of space, within which perception and volition are exerted.
1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 43 Those who ‘intrude’ (thrust, that is) themselves into the fold.
1911 Southwestern Reporter 140 198/1 It has been frequently held that a public officer may not anticipate his salary; that is, that he cannot assign it before it is due.
2016 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Feb. c4/6 Some comedy critics might call this ‘punching down’, that is, picking on regular people rather than the powerful.
(b) Accompanying (usually following) an explanatory limitation or condition of a preceding statement.
Π
1921 E. Wharton Let. 7 June (1988) 441 When people come to luncheon (the French, that is) they stay to tea.
1945 N. Mitford Pursuit of Love xiii. 101 I bet the Scotsboro' boys will be electrocuted in the end, if they don't die of old age first, that is.
1956 W. Golding Pincher Martin x. 155 ‘I think finally, I shall go into the Navy.’ ‘You!’..‘If they'd have me, that is.’
1969 R. Hutchings Lucky in Jeopardy iii. 99 You'll be tasting it for yourself up at the House this very evening—if you don't go missing another meal there, that is.
1998 B. Kingsolver Poisonwood Bible (1999) ii. 177 Back home she could be a smart aleck sometimes, and how. When Father wasn't around, that is.
(c) colloquial. that is (also was): added to give emphasis to a statement beginning with those words or the equivalent.
ΚΠ
1862 A. J. Munby Diary 22 Mar. in D. Hudson Munby (1972) 117 That's wuss than a day's work, that is.
1911 C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling ix. 78 That's exac'ly how it used to be. It's all right, that is.
1911 A. Bennett Card xi. 278 Well, that was a bit of a lark, that was.
1977 Film & Television Technician Apr. 4/2 That was the boom that was—and is.
2005 C. Newbrook Ducks in Row 93 That'll never work; it's just fantasy football, that is.
b. take that! (also †have that!): used in delivering a blow, making an insulting gesture, etc. Sometimes followed by and that (once or repeated).
Π
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13995 Þa seide Modred Haue þat.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 16290 Wiþ his hond a buffet: he ȝaf ihesus..he seide..take þat to teche þe lore.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 3118 (MED) For þi coueytyse haue þou þat! I schal þe bunche wyth my bat.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxii. 275 2 Tortor. Now fall I the fyrst To flap on his hyde... 3 Tortor. Haue att! 1 Tortor. Take þou that!
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) ii. ii. 23 Thinkst yu I iest? hold, take thou that, & that . View more context for this quotation
1763 I. Bickerstaff Love in Village iii. ix Would you brazen me, too? Take that (boxes him).
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xii. 154 I must do my duty, sir..so take that—and that—and that—(thrashing the man with his rattan).
1846 W. E. Forster in T. W. Reid Life W. E. Forster (1888) I. vi. 186 The fact is, they will soon wear nothing. There; take that!
1932 R. Kipling Limits & Renewals 81 ‘Then take that!’ and he smacked the brute's head.
1992 N. Hornby Fever Pitch 58 Making an unambiguous take-that-you-provincial-fuckers V-sign.
c. Following all.
(a) all that: all that sort of thing; that and everything of the kind. Recorded earliest in for all that: see for prep. 22a.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > in respect of kind [phrase] > of that kind
all thatc1450
the world > action or operation > manner of action > [phrase] > in this, some, any, etc., way > in that way
all thatc1450
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [noun] > the generality > everything > everything of the kind
all thatc1450
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 76 Ȝitt for all þat, manye of þe iewys haddyn gret indignacyoun of hem.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 36 It is for all that a greater matter to expresse in Achilles his picture the very same Art.
1682 A. Peden Lord's Trumpet Sounding 20 Na, na, sirs, love to God goes beyond all that.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 164 To talk of my repenting, alas!..'Tis past all that with me... 'Tis too late.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer i. 7 Sensible, good-natured; I like all that. But then reserved, and sheepish, that's much against him.
1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xviii. 271 Alice, who..was, to the boot of all that, the best dancer of a strathspey in the whole strath.
1859 Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 89/2 My cap and gown can't be such a disguise as all that.
1891 Daily News 10 Oct. 3/1 It is not so long since the master was entirely at the mercy of his labourers in harvest time... The string-binder has altered all that.
1929 R. Graves (title) Good bye to all that.
1974 Economist 21 Dec. 26/3 Chairman Mao has formally ordered his revolutionary genie back into the bottle... It sounds like goodbye to all that.
1997 Independent 1 July 32/4 But my Dad taught me to take all that in good spirits and I know now that all comes with the territory.
2011 F. Harper Swept off Stilettos vii. 111 All I have is my reputation... If this weekend is a disaster, I can kiss goodbye to all that.
(b) and all that: and all that sort of thing, and so forth, et cetera (frequently implying a diffident or dismissive attitude on the part of the speaker).and all that jazz: see jazz n. 2c.
Π
1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal ii. iii. 16 His spirits exhale with the heat of his passion, and all that, and swop falls asleep.
1702 D. Defoe New Test. in Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts (1751) III. 14 They did it to Purpose, carried all before them, subdued Monarchy, cut of their King's Head, and all that.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxii. 127 If People will set up for Virtue, and all that, let 'em be uniformly virtuous.
1857 A. Helps Friends in Council 1st Ser. I. 122 ‘Region of subtle sympathies,’ and all that.
1925 E. P. Oppenheim Wrath to Come ii. xvi. 271 ‘Glad to see you and all that, Slattery,’ he said.
1934 J. Hilton Good-bye, Mr. Chips xi. 80 We don't like the fellow a great deal. Very clever and all that, but a bit too clever.
1990 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Aug. 30 Peace, love, and all that.
2004 H. Strachan Make a Skyf, Man! xvi. 176 Ginsberg is not going to give me secret encoded messages and all that.
(c) not as (also so) —— as all that: not as —— as that amounts to; not quite as —— as that.
Π
1876 J. Greenwood Low-life Deeps 255 I ain't so fond of the steel (prison) as all that.
1894 Sat. Rev. 21 Apr. 409/1 But perhaps it is not so bad as all that.
1921 Drama Mag. Aug. 418/2 Oh, come now—come now. We're not as far up in the world as all that.
1929 W. Lewis Enemy (1968) II. 23 He has done the worst that can be done, and it actually is not so impressive as all that.
1930 E. Waugh Vile Bodies v. 82 ‘Do you mind terribly?’ ‘Not as much as all that,’ said Nina, and added in Cockney, ‘Charmed, I'm sure.’
1956 J. Baldwin Giovanni's Room (1988) ii. iii. 145 It's not so tragic as all that.
1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 25 June 50/3 The essay..suggests that class distinctions were not as absent as all that from nineteenth-century Burlington.
(d) U.S. slang (originally in African-American usage). to be all that: to be great; to be particularly impressive or attractive (sometimes used to imply that this is not so). Also in to be all that and a bag of chips.Often in negative contexts.
ΚΠ
1989 Jet 3 July 22/2 There's..all kinds of great singers that deserve a lot more credit than they're getting right now. I don't think I'm all that.
1991 H. Nelson & M. A. Gonzales Bring the Noise 211 Overall, Raising Hell ain't all that.
1994 A. Heckerling Clueless (film script, first shooting draft) (O.E.D. Archive) Green Revised Pages 71 Dionne. He thinks he's all that. Cher. Yeah, God's gift.
1994 People (Electronic ed.) 12 Dec. 115 ‘She's all that and a bag of chips.’ Meaning, he thinks she's cool.
2000 Newsweek (Electronic ed.) 26 June 41 He was all that and a bag of chips, know what I'm saying?
2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 17 Mar. iv. 12/1 A golden opportunity to silence those who believe he's not all that, even if he has the 2005 state title under his belt.
2017 @coop_taco 24 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 5 Feb. 2018) Every class has at least one loud and annoying girl who thinks she's all that.
d. that's with complement.
(a) that's what (used to add emphasis to a preceding statement): and that is the truth.
Π
1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) Suppl. That's what, just so; you are right. North.
1885 G. B. Shaw Cashel Byron's Profession (1909) 229 I've seed Billy Paradise spar; and it ain't fighting, it's ruffianing: that's what.
1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xv. 165 She'll..be ready enough to go back of her own accord, that's what.
1914 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 4 Apr. 10/2 He's a valyable road-kid, that's what, and he ain't for sale.
1976 J. Lee Ninth Man i. 79 Ulysses S. Grant..was a war hero, that's what.
1985 J. Winterson Oranges are not Only Fruit (1986) 58 It'll pay for my bathroom, that's what.
(b) that's that: indicating that a discussion is closed, a matter settled, a job finished, etc. Similarly that was that.
Π
1813 E. S. Barrett Heroine I. ix. 95 Not a step shall she stir in our cloathes... So that's that.
1872 S. Butler Erewhon vi. 45 ‘So that's that,’ said I to myself, as I watched them scampering.
1924 P. Marks Plastic Age 24 ‘Well,’ he exclaimed, ‘that's that. At last I know where I'm going.’
1937 R. Macaulay I would be Private ii. v. 196 I'll not be putting up with it. And, that's that.
1974 A. Fowles Pastime ii. 14 When she'd gone after the job..and got it, he'd sort of thought that was that and he wouldn't be seeing any more of her.
2012 M. Miller Facebook for Grown-ups (ed. 2) vii. 98 The person you unfriend doesn't even know he's been ditched; you just get rid of them and that's that.
(c) that's so: that is as you say; that statement is correct; also (as a question) (is) that so?
Π
1829 Lancaster Gaz. 31 Jan. You say you were knocked silly—was that so?
1857 Water-cure Jrnl. Mar. 55/2 ‘I take another..and..some of 'em's sure to hit.’ ‘That's so,’ said I. Encouraged by my emphatic asseveration, he went on telling how he managed in bad cases.
1891 M. E. Ryan Pagan of Alleghanies vi. 93 ‘That so?’ she said.
1904 Law Notes June 172/2 W. S.—I suppose you and Lady Flither took the usual first class return tickets at Charing Cross? Sir F. F.—That's so.
1935 H. Heslop Last Cage Down (1984) i. iii. 29 Cameron leaned back in order to get his breath. ‘Is that so?’ he sneered. ‘Yes, that is so, Mister Cameron,’ said Tate.
1950 S. J. Perelman Swiss Family Perelman (1987) ii. 27 ‘Ye-e-es, that's so’, the old gentleman conceded magnanimously.
2014 Times 2 July (T2 section) 7 Oh, is that so? Well, I beg to differ.
(d) colloquial (chiefly British). that's me (also us, him, her, etc.)——: with complement indicating a person’s (or occasionally a thing's) present situation or state.
ΚΠ
1910 Dundee Courier & Argus 10 Aug. 5/4 That's me finished on that point.
1969 ‘K. Norway’ Dedication Jones (1971) viii. 114 She's all right now... That's her settled. How about you?
1998 Sports Argus (Nexis) 28 Mar. 18 When I get them [sc. new players in the football team] in it will be a case of me saying ‘right, that's me done, we're ready and looking forward to the start of next season.’
2008 C. McKenna Misremembered Man xxviii. 236 Then they're [sc. rock buns] ready to pitch in the oven and that's them ready.
2021 @Spudyulike 31 July in twitter.com (accessed 2 Sept. 2020) [In response to You disgrace the upper house with your misplaced snobbery.] That's him told.
(e) colloquial. that's me (also us, etc.): indicating that a person has finished doing something and is preparing to stop, leave, etc.
ΚΠ
1987 P. Mason C'mon geeze yer Patter! 81 Right, that's me, a'm away then! I'll be taking my leave now!
1993 Courier Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 6 Apr. 23 Cuz is not a piggy eater... ‘Well that's me. I'm all done,’ he says as he pats his chest.
2000 N. Griffiths Grits (2001) 286 The speed kicks in quickly an pretty soon am..thinkin right that's me am offski but the fit nerse comes in as am fightin ter gerrout of the bed.
2014 Guardian (Online ed.) (Nexis) 29 Oct. Righto, that's us, folks. Been a tough day for these super-men of golf, but it's good to see the super-men struggle.
2021 @paulGf185 25 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 1 Sept. 2021) Right that's me, rubbish day really, need to get bits done tomorrow.
e. regional or slang. come out of that!: clear out! get out of there! Now rare.
ΚΠ
1815 Vocal Mag. 1 Aug. 41 Come out of that, then, will you.—What do you mean, sir?..—Och! then I must be after making a taylor of my fist, and taking measure of you for a black eye.
1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 220 ‘Hey!—hello!—come out of that,’ said Lynx, as soon as his nerves had recovered tranquillity.
1848 J. M. Morton Box & Cox i. 10 No, no—I can't stand this! Come out of that!
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 188 Brandon..was engaged..in rib-roasting Darkie [sc. a horse] to make him ‘come out of that’.
1934 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Grey Granite in Scots Quair (1995) i. 53 The wife would see you line up with the other Broo [sc. Bureau, i.e. Labour Exchange] chaps, looking sheepish enough, and cry out ‘Will!’ or ‘Peter!’ or ‘Tam! Come out of that—mighty, it'll do you no good.’
f. Chiefly British. and that: = and all that at Phrases 1c(b). Now nonstandard.
ΚΠ
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 89 Full of chat, In passing harmless jokes 'bout beaus and that.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lx. 541 Dob reads Latin like English, and French and that.
a1863 J. T. Tregellas Cornish Tales (1868) 169 Why, all their say es maade of blue oil and turpentine, and wuth pounds and pounds for paint and that.
1939 ‘N. Shute’ Ordeal ii. 60 You can sit on the pier and there's such a lot to see—the people all enjoying themselves, and the band, and the pierrots, and that.
1968 Listener 20 June 801/2 Boy: What do you do then? Girl: Well, you know, typing and filing and that.
1977 Listener 19 May 644/1 They wait outside the pubs for them, and that.
2014 B. Conaghan When Mr Dog Bites (2015) xiv. 132 So I sent a [Facebook] friend request and then we were writing on each other's wall talking about the old times and that.
g. at that.
(a) Estimated at that rate, at that standard; even in that capacity, in respect of that; into the bargain.
Π
1830 Massachusetts Spy 28 July 2/3 The march was now hurried on, yet slow at that, for I..could not walk fast.
1855 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 324/2 ‘Now then, mister’, turning to the man at the bar, ‘drinks round, and cobblers at that’.
1863 W. M. Thayer Pioneer Boy viii. 96 It's an all-day job to go there, and a pretty long day at that.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 167 Yet water it was, and sea-water at that.
1929 E. Rice Subway i. 13 I guess I'll be kind of lonesome, at that, until I get acquainted.
1983 P. Dallas Ital. Wines (new ed.) xxii. 256 An acquired taste and far from a juvenile one at that.
2015 V. Khan Unexpected Inheritance Inspector Chopra 15 A baby elephant, he corrected himself, and a very small one at that.
(b) Used concessively: too; after all; come to think of it.
Π
1920 R. Macaulay Potterism ii. i. 57 I always thought it a great bore, and sentimental at that.
1925 T. Dreiser Amer. Trag. II. ii. xxv. 348 ‘Doesn't he look a lot like Gilbert?’ ‘Why, you do, at that.’
1958 J. Blackburn Scent New-mown Hay vi. 83 You could be right at that... You just could be right.
1984 S. T. Haymon Stately Homicide xv. 97 Sleeping here might not be such a bad idea at that, if you're quite sure.
2004 S. Hall Electric Michelangelo 44 Look at it. It's beautiful, Morris. It's beautiful.—It is at that.
h. Originally and chiefly U.S. that's what she said : a catchphrase mischievously implying a sexual innuendo in a preceding innocent remark. Cf. as the actress said to the bishop.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > indecent [phrase] > indecent implication
as the bishop said to the actress1930
nudge, nudge (wink, wink)1969
that's what she said1973
1973 E. G. Addeo & R. E. Burger EgoSpeak x. 154 The cheapest shot of all, of course, is the ancient one-liner, ‘That's what she said...’ This reply can be used after virtually any remark, however innocent, and the speaker can summon up some hint of double-entendre.
1992 M. Myers et al. Wayne's World (transcribed from film) [Garth] Are you through yet? Because I'm getting tired of holding this. [Wayne] Shyeah, that's what she said.
2010 B. Forrester Office (U.S.) (transcribed from TV programme) 6th Ser. Episode 20 [Darryl] You got to do something about them... You need to get back on top. [Michael] That's what she said.
i. like that: see like that at like adj., adv., conj., and prep. Phrases 6f. that's it: see it pron., adj., and n.1 Phrases 2. that's right: see right adj. and int. Phrases 11.
P2. In senses of Branch B.
a. that one.
(a) In general use: see one pron. 13a.
(b) Used to refer to someone assumed to be known, sometimes disparagingly (cf. sense B. 1b).
Π
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liv. 486 You don't know how fond I was of that one... Damme, I followed her like a footman.
1922 F. H. Burnett Head of House of Coombe vii. 75 That one in the drawing-room isn't going to interfere with the Nursery. Not her!
1980 J. Drummond Such a Nice Family v. 22 I tell you, it's her!.. I wouldn't forget that one, not if I lived to be a thousand.
2002 S. Turow Reversible Errors (2003) 107 ‘For a long time he was sniffing paint,’ she said, referring to toluene, ‘which may be part of his problem. He's a few sandwiches short of a picnic, that one.’
2014 C. Tóibín Nora Webster xii. 165 ‘She has a quare big grand voice, that one,’ he said, nodding towards Phyllis.
b. that once: see once adv. 11. that same: see same pron. 2, 4. that self: self pron. 2a. that there: see there adv. 2c.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

thatpron.2

(strong form)Brit. /ðat/, U.S. /ðæt/ (weak form)Brit. /ðət/, U.S. /ðət/
Forms: Old English þęt, Old English–early Middle English þæt, Old English–early Middle English ðæt, Old English (rare)–early Middle English ðat, Old English (chiefly late and non-West Saxon)–early Middle English ðet, late Old English–Middle English þet, early Middle English dat, early Middle English datt, early Middle English tatt ( Ormulum, after t, d), early Middle English tet (after t, d), early Middle English þhet, Middle English tat (after t, d), Middle English thad, Middle English þad, Middle English þat, Middle English thate, Middle English þate, Middle English þath, Middle English þatt, Middle English thatte, Middle English thet, Middle English yat, Middle English–1700s thatt, Middle English– that, late Middle English taht (transmission error), 1900s– a (Caribbean); also Scottish pre-1700 thad, 1800s tat, 1800s t'at, 1800s– dat (Orkney and Shetland), 1900s– thaut, 1900s– thit; also Irish English (Wexford) 1800s thet. In early use also frequently represented by the abbreviations þ̄, þ̄t, tht yt, and variants.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Use as relative pronoun of the nominative and accusative singular neuter of the Old English demonstrative adjective and pronoun and definite determiner se , sēo , þæt (see the adj., pron.2, and n.1; compare that pron.1). Compare the pron.1, also ultimately going back to the same Germanic base as the demonstrative pronoun (see the pron.2). In Old English and partly in early Middle English the relative pronoun was inflected. The inflected uses are covered at the pron.2, except for the nominative and accusative singular neuter form þæt , which has been placed at this entry. However, already in Old English the nominative and accusative singular neuter form started to be generalized for use irrespective of gender and number, and also case. Compare discussion at that pron.1, and compare also that conj.Although the word is usually unstressed, the variant with a reduced vowel has not normally been reflected in spelling, with written forms aligned to those of the demonstrative pronoun. In early use it is not always possible to say whether a clause should be interpreted as a subordinate one (and thus showing the relative pronoun covered at this entry) or as a main one (and thus showing the demonstrative pronoun that pron.1). Punctuation of such sentences often reflects the editorial interpretation of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts. Early use of Old English þæt as uninflected relative pronoun may also sometimes be influenced by that conj. and occasionally attestations in subordinate clauses can be ambiguous; compare especially sense 4a. For early examples of the generalization of the form þæt , compare quots. OE1 at sense 1a(a), OE at sense 1b (both with plural antecedents). The relative pronoun (whether this word, or formerly also the pron.1 and at pron.) is occasionally omitted by ellipsis already in Old English and Middle English, and very frequently from the 16th cent. onwards, especially in senses 1a, 1b (chiefly as object, now only infrequently as subject), and also in sense 4. Compare discussion at that conj. Relative constructions in other early Germanic languages. Comparable use of the (inflected) demonstrative pronoun to introduce relative clauses is also found in Old Saxon and Old High German. Similarly to Old English, in both of these languages such use is attested alongside use as antecedent followed by an uninflected particle ultimately derived from the same base (compare discussion at the conj. and pron.1), as in Old English þæt þe (see that pron.1 4a), þā þe (see tho pron.1 2), etc. Similar use to the latter is found in Gothic and early Scandinavian languages, but with other (unrelated) relative particles; however, compare also relative use of Old Icelandic at , in origin apparently a reduced form of the nominative and accusative singular of the demonstrative pronoun (see at conj. and pron.).
The general relative pronoun, referring to any antecedent, and used without inflection irrespective of gender, number, and case.
I. Introducing a clause, and in other general uses.
1.
a. Introducing a clause defining or restricting the antecedent and thus completing its sense, referring to persons or things.Sometimes replaceable by who, whom (of persons) or which (of things); cf. sense 2.For ellipsis of that, see etymological note.In Old English usually agreeing with a neuter antecedent in the singular (cf. quots. OE2 at sense 1a(a), eOE1, eOE2 at sense 1a(b), eOE at sense 1b); see etymological note.
(a) As subject of the relative clause. Cf. who pron. 10a, which pron. 3a.
Π
OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxxi.1 Ic on ðyssum eom eallum bliðe, þæt me cuðlice to acweden syndon [L. Laetatus sum in his quae dicta sunt mihi].
OE Wulfstan Outline of Hist. (Hatton) (1957) 153 Ðurh ælc þing seo menniscnes adreah þæt hyre to gebyrede.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1070 In þære cyrce, þet ær hæfde standen fulle seofeniht forutan ælces cynnes riht.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 79 Þes Mon þhet a lihte from ierusalem in to ierico.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Þe ualse yulemde þet vlyeþ.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. iv. 16 The peple that dwelte in derknessis say grete liȝt.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 130 The kyng off Scottis þat last dyed.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 230 Jt yat was wont tobe callit law.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 264 He rewlis weill that weill him self can gyd.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John iv. f. cxxiiij I thatt speake vnto the, am he.
1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. v. xvii. 191 But this was not it that grieued them.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lxv. 2 O thou that hearest prayer. View more context for this quotation
1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 10 That a thing that is so much every Body's Concern, should be almost no Body's Discourse.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 512. ¶6 A Tree that grew near an old Wall.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere ii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 12 We were the first that ever burst Into that silent Sea.
1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 76 How shall I say, son, That am no sister?
1950 K. Amis Lett. (2000) 237 Another thing that has been cheesing me off.
2015 Guardian 10 Jan. 14/3 New smarthome accessories include fridges that know what's on their shelves to locks that will let family members into the house.
(b) As object of the relative clause. Cf. whom pron. 8a(b), who pron. 14, which pron. 3a.
Π
eOE (Kentish) Royal Charter: Æðelberht to Wulflaf (Sawyer 328) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 735 Ðes landes boec et Wassingwellan ðet Eðelbearht cyning Wullafe sealde his ðegne.
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. iv. 391 Ne sece ic no her þa bec, ac þæt ðæt þa bec forstent.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1124 Þet wes for se miccle unfrið þet he heafde wið se king Loðewis of France.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 126 Þeo þe duden wið god al þet ha walden.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 93 Of þise oyle byeþ y-smered þo þet god heþ ymad kinges and lhordes of þe wordle.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 147 Of smale houndes hadde she þt she fedde With rosted flessh or mylk and wastel breed.
1531 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 24 A distres that I toke of hyr.
1607 W. Raleigh Lett. (1999) 300 It is a jurney of honor and ritches that I offer yow.
1752 T. Thistlethwaite Let. 6 Feb. in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. (1866) 4th Ser. 31 80 We ran to look at the Gill; and we directed our sights (by the noise that it made) the right way.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 325 This is about all that he has to say.
1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xxx. 269 The Westminster Hall that we now see..is the building of Richard II's time.
1905 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 Feb. 401 All that I came across were of normoblastic character.
1950 T. Williams Let. Nov. in Five O'Clock Angel (1991) 38 I think she is one old lady that you could tolerate.
2015 Guardian 22 Jan. 30/3 He appeared on stage wearing a traditional Cossack ensemble that he peeled off.
b. As object of a preposition standing at the end of the relative clause (in Old English and Middle English sometimes immediately before the verb); e.g. nothing that we need be afraid of ‘nothing of which we need be afraid’, Middle English these that I have of told ‘these of which I have told’. Cf. whom pron. 8a(a), which pron. 3b.
Π
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xliv. 331 For ðæm luste ðæs metes he forgiet ðæt grin ðæt he mid awierged wirð.
OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 78 Beseoh nu to heofonum, and besceawa þas eorðan, and ealle ða gesceafta þæt him on synd nu.
c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 24 Þa wæs ðæt ylcæ seolfer þæt þe unsæliȝ iudas ure drihten to deaþe fore bileawede.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 462 Þiss gode prest. Þatt we nu mælenn offe Wass..Ȝehatenn zacaryas.
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 149 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 48 Þe godes þat tou leuest on are dede ase a ston.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) l. 135 Ðis lif bitokneð ðe sti ðat te neddre gangeð bi.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 6 The nayles þat crist was naylled with on the cros.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 37 Theise .iij. þat y haue of toold.
a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 383 The which letter..is in kepyng in the Tour of Sent Marie hall in the same box þat the kynges generall pardon graunted to this Citee is Ine.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xx. f. xxviij Are ye able to drynke off the cuppe that y shall drynke of. And to be baptised with the bapti[sm] that y shalbe baptised with.
1611 Bible (King James) Judges xx. 48 All the cities that they came to. View more context for this quotation
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 49 The dangers that Mistrust and Timorus were driven back by. View more context for this quotation
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 121 You may fill up the Holes to the Level of the Ground.., to take up the Earth that may possibly remain to be disposed of.
1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) III. xxxix. 39 I charge the Ministers with the highest crimes that men in their stations can be guilty of.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 131 The ship that somebody was sailing in.
1841 S. Warren Ten Thousand a Year xiv There's nothing..that we need be afraid of.
1897 B. Stoker Dracula iv. 51 The last I saw of Count Dracula was his kissing his hand to me; with..a smile that Judas in hell might be proud of.
1955 P. Wildeblood Against Law iii. 137 Suppose there's some screwsman that the law's got an eye on.
2004 A. Levy Small Island ii. 40 I stood on his back trying to see into the hole in the tree that the bird flew from.
2. Introducing a clause stating something additional about the antecedent (the sense of the main clause being complete without the relative clause). Cf. who pron. 11, whom pron. 9, which pron. 4, which adj. and pron.Now normally expressed by who (object whom) of persons, and which of things. The relative clause is often merely descriptive, stating an attribute of the antecedent. It may give the reason or a reason for the main statement, and thus be closely connected with it; the use in these cases approaches that in sense 1. There are thus cases in which either that or who, which occur. That referring to a fact, circumstance, or statement (as in quot. a1475: cf. which pron. 4b) is not now standard.
Π
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxii. 169 Of ðæm treowe, ðe is haten sethim, ðæt ne wyrð næfre forrotad.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. Introd. 24 Breoton is garsecges ealond, ðæt wæs iu geara Albion haten.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 587 Þa hirdess..Haffdenn an hæfedd hird tatt wass. Abufenn alle þoþre.
a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Lamb.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 185 Ha haueþ oþer wilneþ after cunfort on eorþe, þet is fikel and fals.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1408 Þe nexte monþe þerafter, þat heruest monþe is, He let after him clupie august iwis.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 8 God Fader and Sone and Holigost, Þat alle þing on eorþe sixt and wost, Þat O God art and þrilli-hod.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9406 He wroght a felau of his ban Till adam, þat was first allan [Gött. his an].
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 10 Smale foweles maken melodye That slepen al the nyght with open Iye.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 501 Yf hit happen the said priour and Covent..to faile in the payment of þe seid yerely rente (that god for-bede).
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxiv. 515 Reynaude, that sawe this harde batayll, shoved himself among the thickest.
1544 Letanie in Exhort. vnto Prayer sig. Cv O God, mercyfull father, that dispisest not the sighing of a contrite harte.
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 47 Shee was a shrewish snappish bawd, that wold bite off a mans nose with an answere.
1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 16 You are a merry man..that tell me, your selfe, you are not within.
1678 Bp. J. Williams Hist. Gunpowder-treason 9 Catesby..thereupon engaged Sir Everard Digby, that promised to advance 1500 l. towards it; and Mr. Francis Tresham, that gave him assurance of 2000 l.
1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber viii. 170 The Author of it was a desperate Indigent, that did it for Bread.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 108 I was a stricken deer, that left the herd Long since.
1824 C. Lamb Let. 19 July (1935) II. 432 Pity me, that have been a Gentleman these four weeks, and am reduced in one day to the state of a ready writer.
1842 T. B. Macaulay Horatius in Lays Anc. Rome 57 False Sextus, That wrought the deed of shame.
1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche iii. iv. 28 Lazy mists, that still Climbed on the shadowy roots of every hill.
1958 N. Levine Canada made Me (1982) i. 50 The men in their element, in their best clothes.., tickling each other on the back of the neck with the fringe of the prayer-shawl, that would later be their shroud.
1995 .net Feb. 81/2 All the time struggling to master control of your ship that's under the influence of curious gravity conditions.
1996 F. McCourt Angela's Ashes (1997) vii. 196 Mrs. Minihan that's supposed to read to me didn't come.
3. As subject or object of the relative clause, with the antecedent unexpressed.In later use (after the 16th cent.) sometimes difficult to distinguish from the emphatic use of single that as antecedent with the relative pronoun unexpressed: see that pron.1 6.
a. Referring to a thing: (the thing) that, that which, what. Now poetic (archaic) or nonstandard.Very common down to the 16th cent.
ΚΠ
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xiii. 442 Þonne ð[u..oððe hæfdest] þæt ðu noldes oððe [næfdest þæt ðu woldest].
OE Beowulf (2008) 1466 Ne gemunde mago Ecglafes, eafoþes cræftig, þæt he ær gespræc.., þa he þæs wæpnes onlah selran sweordfrecan.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 5 Nu scule ȝe understonden twafaldeliche þet hit bi-tacnet.
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 Al heo doð þet ham likeð.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3066 Ðat ail ða bileaf sal al ben numen.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 127 Þou hast y-ryȝt þat was amys, Ywonne þat was y-lore.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3711 He ete and dranc þat was his will.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 7877 Antenor did that In him was.
1477–9 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 91 Paid to hewe Clerk that he lackyd in his wagis.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xx. 14 Take that thine is [ Wyclif that that is thine] and go thy waye.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 12v Where they should, neither see that was vncumlie, nor heare that was vnhonest.
1611 Bible (King James) Job xlii. 3 Therefore haue I vttered that I vnderstood not.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 71 I earne that I eate: get that I weare. View more context for this quotation
1768 C. Smart Parables Jesus Christ x. 20 Did ye not all agree for pence, Take that is thine, and get thee hence.
1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xii. 225 In peace eat that ye have.
1972 in E. Wigginton Foxfire Bk. 205 Lot'a people throwed away that they called th' rooter.
2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 20 Mar. g4 There are people who feel, ‘Well, you smoked and you brought this upon yourself and therefore you deserve that you get.’
b. Referring to a person: (with singular reference) (the person) that, he or him that, one that; (with plural reference) (persons) that, they or them that, or those who. In later use after be in there are and similar expressions (see there adv. 4f); now only in allusion to quot. 1611.
Π
a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 67 Þet hetunge habbeð hom bitwone, hu maȝen heo bidden eni bene.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) 182 Þah þu me buste ant beate as þet is bitaht te..ne schaltu seon me þe sonre slakien to leuen..godd.
a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 8 (MED) Þus we beþ honted from hale to hurne; þat er werede robes, nou wereþ ragges.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 1 Þat good þenkeþ, good may do.
c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 1 (MED) Herkeneþ, þat loueþ honour.
a1450 ( in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 5 That taken with wrong, are goddis theues.
c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 144 (MED) Dame chastyte..sum her loved in hert fulle dere, And there weren that dyd not so.
1560 Bible (Geneva) Prov. xi. 24 There is that scatereth, and is more increased.
c1585 R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 79 There were of the princes that tooke his parte.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. iii. 14 I am that I am. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) i. iv. 252 Woe, that too late repents.
a1665 K. Digby Private Mem. (1827) 272 Of her ancestors there have been that have exalted and pulled down kings.
a1669 J. Trapp in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1882) VI. Ps. cxix. 122 There are that render the words thus, ‘Dulcify, or, delight thy servant in good’.
1847 Rep. Public Meeting held at Crown & Anchor Tavern, Strand (Peoples' International League Council) 11 He [sc. Pius IX] is that he is, because not in vain has the exile toiled and languished on a foreign shore.
1998 N. Sibum November Propertius 33 But I say to the ‘I am that I am’ ‘You are that You are’, and all of the realm: Kitchen table, bare light bulb..That photo, too.
II. In various special or elliptical constructions, in some of which that resembles a conjunction. Cf. that conj.
4.
a. After the word time, or any noun meaning a point or space of time: at, in, or on which; when.Usually introducing a defining or restrictive clause, as in sense 1; sometimes an additional statement, as in sense 2. For ellipsis of that, see etymological note.In Old English perhaps to be interpreted as showing that conj., especially in earlier use.
Π
OE Beowulf (2008) 2647 Nu is se dæg cumen, þæt ure mandryhten mægenes behofað.
OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Num. (Laud) xiii. 21 Hit wæs þa se tima þæt [OE Claud. ðe] winberian ripodon.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7571 Forrþrihht se time comm þærto Þatt ure laffdiȝ Marȝe..Þe minnstre shollde sekenn.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5110 Inne griðe..wunede Luces þe king þat com þe ilke dæi þat þe king dæd læi.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 224 Ine time þet þe wyfman lyþ a chi[l]dbedde..he ssel him loki uram þe dede of spoushod.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. vi. 1 In þe ȝeer þat [altered to in þe whiche; a1425 L.V. in which] diede king osias, I sawȝ þe lord sittinge vp on an heiȝ sete.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 861, 862 Fro þe fryday þat he deyde, To tyme þat he ros.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 189 Allas quod Iohn, the day þt I was born.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 283 Thyne oure is com that thou muste dye.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. 53 In the meane tyme that our supper was a dressyng, this knight said to me [etc.].
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xv. xii. 238 That day that the Circensian plaies were represented.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. ii. 17 In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 173 I was neuer so berim[']d since Pythagoras time that I was an Irish Rat. View more context for this quotation
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 220 When the Day that he must go hence, was come, many accompanied him to the River side.
1776 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (rev. ed.) IV. xvii. 103 You speak..like a sage..at an age that our young nobility scarcely begin to think.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 117 The night that he went to the play.
1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such i. 10 One day that I had incautiously mentioned this uninteresting fact.
1916 G. Lee Diary 20 May in Home Fires Burning (2006) 168 Tonight is the night that everybody in the British Isles has to advance their clocks by one hour.
1951 Salt Lake Tribune 18 Jan. 10/7 There isn't a minute in the day that someone isn't coming through that door with twice as much work as I can handle.
2008 N.Y. Times 13 Apr. wk 4 This was the first and last time that I sensed true closeness to the pope.
†b. To the time that; till, until. Obsolete.
Π
OE St. Andrew (Corpus Cambr.) in F. G. Cassidy & R. N. Ringler Bright's Old Eng. Gram. & Reader (1971) 212 Nu þry dagas to hlafe [read lafe] syndon þæt hie þe willaþ acwellan and him to mete gedon.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 33 Þah þu liuedest of adames frumðe þet come þes dei.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 116 Þis lond he hire lende þat come hir lifes ende.
a1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Vitell.) (1966) l. 373 Vorþ he wende mid al his mayn þat [c1330 Auch. Til] he com þer hei boþe leie.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 1413 From þe tyme þat he Adam wrouȝte, þat [emended in ed. to Oþat] he vpros and vs forbouȝte.
a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5768 (MED) He..rode hys iourne anon That he ariued into Arragon.
c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 54 (MED) Hee cherished þe childe cheefe over all Þat hee was woxen full weele.
c. From the time that; since. Now rare.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13123 Hit is feole ȝere þat heore þrættes comen here.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1199 Ðe egtende dai ðat he was boren, Circumcised he was.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 70 (MED) Hit is mony day go þat he was here.
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 136v in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) It is longe time þat it beganne.
a1450 St. Etheldreda (Faust.) l. 113 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 285 (MED) In þe sixsthe hondryde & sixste ȝere þat goddus sone was bore A worthy childe was y-bore in Estenglonde þanne.
a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 31v (MED) If..many days be passed þat the bone was out of lithe and þe stede be hardyd..þan it is goode to bathe þe lyme.
?1543 J. Clerke tr. D. de San Pedro Certayn Treatye sig. I.iv Thou shalt knowe that there is a long tyme, that Arnalt my brother cressyd in doloure, & decressed in helth, of suche sorte as all remedies to hym ar contrary.
1561 T. S. tr. C. de Guise Oration Lorde Cardinalles Grace of Lorrain sig. A.iv It is nowe eyght dayes passed that by your expresse ordinaunce a certayne number of persons were broughte into this place.
1672 tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Managem. Cardinal Mazarine II. iii. 344 It was already three years, that the Count of Fuensaldagne had received private Orders from the Court of Spain, to secure the Person of the Duke, when he should see a fit time to effect it.
1699 tr. J. de La Bruyère Characters 86 Visits amongst Lovers are made for a good while out of custom and ceremony, to profess they love, by words, when 't has been a long time that their Actions and Manners have declar'd the contrary.
1863 Tract Mag. Jan. 81 It is ten years that I have not got further than this cottage door; for since I was six years old I have not been able to walk.
1877 E. Jenkins Lutchmee & Dilloo III. 164 It is already three weeks that a Portuguese, one of my compatriots and co-religionists, sir, has been flagellated almost to the death by a planter, named Harris.
1947 S. Bellow Victim i. 7 It's already three weeks that I took down the curtains and I haven't got them back yet.
5. After same: usually as relative pronoun (= sense 1), e.g. labourers had the same absolution that was sent to Piers; sometimes with the looser and elliptical constructions found also with as, e.g. the mule is subject to the same diseases that the horse, William made the same answer that before, the trebuchet was the same that the mangonel (obsolete). See same adj. 1a, and cf. as conj. 17b.
Π
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9915 He mihhte makenn cwike menn. Þær off þa same staness. Þatt stodenn þær bi sannt iohan.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. viii. l. 67 (MED) Laborers..Hedde þe same Absolucion þat sent was to pers.
a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) 361 Þe same orysun þat he preyd byfore.
c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 36 (MED) Hit was þe same sterre þat was prophecied by balaam.
?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) 181 William made the same awnswer that befor.
1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 41 ‘Trepegett’, you expounde ‘a Ramme to batter walles’. But the trepegete was the same that the mogonell.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxx. 200 The mare-mule is subiect to the same diseases that the horse.
1664 H. More Expos. 7 Epist. viii. 124 I understand by ϕιλαδελϕία the same that ἀγάπη, universal Love.
1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 387 They say Diana is the same that the Moon is.
1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Nymphomania, the same that Furor Uterinus.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 404 He grasps his left hand about the Foot end of the Page in the same posture that his right hand grasps the Head end.
1783 G. Colman in tr. Horace Art Poetry p. xxxv Other Criticks have taken the text..in the same sense, that I have here considered it.
1819 W. Hazlitt Polit. Ess. 421 If Mr. Malthus chooses to say, that men will always be governed by the same good mechanical motives that they are at present.
1886 Cent. Mag. Sept. 724/1 It holds the same relation to the contemporary character that the old English lettering holds to the modern English character.
1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession vii. 138 The socies bears exactly the same relation to consocies and associes that the society does to consociation and association.
2015 Daily Tel. 18 Feb. 20/2 The second hand hits the hour at the very same moment that the last, long pip lets out its plangent note.
6.
†a. Introducing a parenthetic comment: = as conj. 9a. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 75 Alle ȝe kunnen leste þet ich wene ower credo.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xx. 3 In oon degre oneli þat I so seye I & deth ben deuyded.
a1450 (a1400) Titus & Vespasian (BL Add. 36523) l. 2313 Heere I bryng the þis womman, Þat I bihight þe, þi bote to bringe.
b. According to what, as far as, in not that I can see and similar expressions. Cf. to know of —— 2b at know v. Phrasal verbs. See also not that I know at know v. Phrases 10, not that I know of at know v. Phrasal verbs.
Π
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 139 (MED) Ne ich nes neuer þet ich wite ȝet wið him icnawen.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 1090 He lokede in eche halke, Ne seȝ he nowhar walke Aþulf his felawe, Þat he cuþe knowe.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 981 I wraþed him neuer þat I wot.
1468 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 399 Þe obligacion of the Bisshop of Norwychys oblygacion, I neuer sye it þat I remembre, wherfore I wolde and prey my modre to loke it vp.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxi. 261 No word yit he spake That I wyst.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 762/1 I never trespassed agaynst hym, that I wotte of.
1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) sig. Oooo3. No not that I remember.
1781 Philos. Trans. 1780 (Royal Soc.) 70 350 This pot-ash is a true fixed vegetable alkali, and a product of putrefaction which has not, that I recollect, been noticed by the Chymists.
1803 tr. F. L. C. Montjoye D'Aveyro II. xii. 48 ‘Tell me if we must wait long to see this project accomplished?’ ‘Not that I can see.’
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 222 But Protestantism has not died yet, that I hear of!
1864 G. W. Dasent Jest & Earnest (1873) II. 343 He had never seen Hall that he knew before that day.
1886 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 31 367 An injunction to restrain such proceedings has never that I know of been granted since 1851.
1938 S. N. Behrman End of Summer i. 38 Are things better because women vote? Not that I can see.
2002 S. L. Carter Emperor Ocean Park x. 124 ‘Not that I can recall,’ I say at last.
7. Preceded by a noun or †adjective (obsolete), in a parenthetic exclamatory clause (e.g. fool that he is). Cf. as conj. 18c.
Π
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 742 (MED) Wrecche mon þet tu hit art! Hwerto wult tu wreastlin wið þe worldes wealden[t]?
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1565 Nece how kan ye fare. Criseyde answerede neuere þe bet [for] yow, Fox þat ye ben.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 271 (MED) Lo! sirs, my worthely wiffe þat sche is!
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. vii. 24 O wretched man that I am.
1570 A. Marten tr. J. Bernard Tranquillitie of Minde f. 79 His bodie wandred here in a straunge Countrie, as a banished man, saying: O wretch that I am, who shall deliuer me out of this bodie.
1605 R. R. in Sylvester's Wks. (1880) I. 15/1 Foole that I was, I thought in younger times [etc.].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) v. iv. 28 O miserable, vnhappy that I am. View more context for this quotation
1755 J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio (ed. 3) III. ix. 117 Fool that He is! To think of inlarging, corroborating, or improving the finished and magnificent Works of Nature, by the puny Riddlings of Art.
1855 R. Browning Popularity 1 Stand still, true poet that you are! I know you.
1877 E. Gosse Four Danish Poets in Stud. Lit. N. Europe (1890) 227 A few months after Andersen—poor little forlorn adventurer that he was—left that city.
1990 M. Roberts In Red Kitchen (1991) 4 Wretch that I am to forget what she suffers yet cannot show.
2013 Vanity Fair Jan. 38/1 Today we're all part of one big global info-feed, but, sentimental fool that I am, I do miss the old days of hit-and-miss lag-time transmission.
8. Connecting two clauses loosely or anacoluthically, the relative or subordinate clause being imperfect (the part omitted being suggested by the principal clause); giving the effect of the ordinary relative pronoun with ellipsis of a preposition, an infinitive, etc. Cf. sense 4. Now colloquial or nonstandard.
ΚΠ
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. iv. xxv. 2380 Off þe nycht next gane beforn Þat Iulyus was slayn on þe morn.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) ciiii. sig. E*iiii Oftentimes people speketh of a thing that they knowe but lytle what the conclusyon shall be.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vi. 9 Who riseth from a feast with that keene appetite that he sits downe? View more context for this quotation
1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 51 Who put this Citty into that disorder that I found it.
1779 Mirror No. 29. ⁋4 His fortune and his ancestry entitled him..to appear in any shape that he pleased.
1875 G. W. Dasent Vikings I. 146 If you will only see things..in the light that we see them.
1936 Amer. Speech 11 351 Is that the Porters that one of them got killed a few years ago?
2003 in P. Johnson Inner Lives iv. 90 Arkansas was the only stable place that I lived.
9. Followed by a possessive pronoun corresponding to the antecedent (e.g. you that your, the man that his), expressing the genitive of the relative: = whose adj. Also in that's (representing that his, but treated as an invariant genitive). Now Scottish, Irish English (northern), and U.S. regional.Cf. Old English þe followed by a possessive pronoun, the pron.1 d.
ΚΠ
1456 Sc. Acts Jas. II (1814) II. 45/2 Item, it is ordanyt..at ilk man þt his gudis extendis to xxtj merckis be bodyn at þe lest wt..a suerde and a buclare, a bow and a schaif of arrowis.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) viii. xxxv. sig. tiij There came a man that sire Tristram afore hand had slayne his broder.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. liv Þt man that thy horse hath eaten his corne or grasse, woll be greued at the.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 1030 These sights and euill spirits..are fancies of..some men that their wits are weakened by sickenes, and so haue a certaine imagination of suche straunge sightes.
1602 W. S. True Chron. Hist. Ld. Cromwell sig. A3 Theres legions now of beggars..That their originall did spring from Kings.
1697 E. Polsted καλῶς τελωνήσαντος xvii. 91 I say, he that his Stars has..been so propitious to, as to enjoy these Felicities of our Earthly Paradise..can never be allow'd One, but a place in the lowest Form with the Unthinking Mob.
1857 in G. N. Jones Florida Plantation Rec. (1927) 173 I have gote wone sc. a mule thate here winde has bin ingerd.
1915 J. Wilson Lowland Sc. Lower Strathearn 91 Dhaat's dhe maan ut hiz bairn deed dhestreen.
1922 S. Lewis Babbitt 18 There's two fellows that their dads are millionaires.
1936 Amer. Speech 11 351 That is usually employed as the relative pronoun by the more illiterate speakers, instead of who:..‘They won't hire nobody that their folks ain't on relief.’
1964 J. Braidwood Ulster & Elizabethan Eng. iii. 88 There's a man that his wife leaves him whenever she pleases..some fellow that the graveyard was on his land.
1985 M. Munro Patter 27 She's friendly with Mrs Sloan, ye know, her that's daughter's a Green Lady.
1995 J. Fenton Hamely Tongue (2000) 212 The boady thats cairt was taen.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† thatadj.2

Forms: see that pron.1, adj.1, adv., and n.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Originally (in Old English) use of þæt , nominative and accusative singular neuter of the Old English definite determiner se , sēo , þæt (see the adj., pron.2, and n.1; compare that adj.1) before pronouns and determiners, usually those with an initial vowel, especially one or other (compare one pron. 10a, other pron. and n. 2a). In later use with generalization of the form as in that adj.1 Compare tone pron. and adj., tother pron. and adj. Perhaps compare also that ilk at ilk adj.1, pron.1, and n.It is difficult to determine whether the preservation of þæt as the original inflectional form in these phrases in Middle English is due only to the initial vowel of the following element or whether a higher degree of stress (as in the demonstrative determiner that adj.1) is sometimes also implied (compare discussion at the adj., pron.2, and n.1).
Obsolete.
As definite article (originally neuter singular). After late Middle English chiefly in that one, that other. Cf. tone pron. and adj., tother pron. and adj.
Π
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 8 Buton twegen dælas: Asia & þæt oþer Europe.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 13 Se ðe smit under ða eare, want to ðat oðer.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 7017 Þat þe on broþer..in nede helpeþ þere þat oþer.
c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 2 (MED) Þe grete godes þat hij shullen receyuen in þis lijf & þe grete medes þat þai shulden receyuen in þat oþere.
c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 305 Gamelyn..took him by þat oon arm and þrew him in a welle.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 582 Too bretherne, that one hyght Alyne and that other [1485 Caxton the other] hyght Tryan.
1509 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 194 Half of that brigge appertaigneth to the said abbot and that other half to the said Town.
1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. F.jv That one eye winks,..That other pries and peekes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

thatconj.

(strong form)Brit. /ðat/, U.S. /ðæt/ (weak form)Brit. /ðət/, U.S. /ðət/
Forms: Old English þæt, Old English þęt, Old English ðęt, Old English–early Middle English ðæt, Old English (chiefly late)–Middle English þat, Old English (chiefly non-West Saxon and late)–Middle English þet, Old English (chiefly non-West Saxon and late)–Middle English ðet, early Middle English dat, early Middle English tatt ( Ormulum, after t, d), early Middle English thaet, early Middle English thæt, early Middle English ðat, early Middle English ðed, Middle English ȝat, Middle English tat (after t, d), Middle English thaat, Middle English þad, Middle English þath, Middle English þatt, Middle English thet, Middle English þeth, Middle English thette, Middle English þyt, Middle English yat, Middle English– that; also Scottish pre-1700 ȝat, 1800s tat, 1800s t'at, 1800s– dat (Orkney and Shetland), 1900s– thaut, 1900s– thit; Irish English (Wexford) 1800s thet. In early use also frequently represented by the abbreviations þ̄, þ̄t, tht yt, and variants.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Use as conjunction of the nominative and accusative singular neuter of the Old English demonstrative adjective and pronoun and definite determiner se , sēo , þæt (see the adj., pron.2, and n.1; compare that pron.1).Compare parallel use of forms ultimately derived from the nominative and accusative singular neuter of the demonstrative pronoun in other Germanic languages: Old Frisian thet (West Frisian dat ), Old Dutch that (Middle Dutch, Dutch dat ), Old Saxon that (Middle Low German dat ), Old High German thaz , daz (Middle High German daz , German dass , (formerly) daß ), Old Icelandic at , Old Swedish at (Swedish att ), Old Danish, Danish at . History in English. Although the word is usually unstressed, the variant with a reduced vowel has not normally been reflected in spelling, with written forms aligned to those of the demonstrative pronoun. Compare Old English þætte (with following þe the conj. and assimilation of the consonant cluster -tþ- to -tt- ), attested in a very similar range of uses to þæt , conjunction (although significantly less frequent than it). Compare also at conj. and discussion at that entry. Ellipsis of the conjunction. The conjunction (and in early use perhaps also the conj.) is frequently omitted by ellipsis, especially in sense 1; compare:eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lii. 405 Gif hwelc wif forlæt hiere ceorl, & nimð hire oðerne, wenestu recce he hire æfre ma?OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 72 Þa stod se earming ætforan þam arleasan deofle and cwæð he wolde wiðsacan his Criste, and gelyfan on hine.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1339 Soþ hit is of luue ich singe. ▸ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3087 Joab..slowh Abner, for drede he scholde be With king David such as was he.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ix. 88 Go grete hym well, thou messyngere; Say hym I com, and that right nere.1611 Bible (King James) Luke xx. 13 It may bee they will reuerence him.1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. ii. 16 There are who have not—and thank Heav'n there are.1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vii. 157 I fear They will not.2008 Chicago Sun Times (Nexis) 15 Apr. 28 And aren't you sorry you asked?
I. Introducing a subordinate clause, often dependent upon or in apposition to a preceding noun or statement, and related uses.
1.
a. Introducing a subordinate noun clause (especially an indirect statement), as subject, object, or other element of the main clause, or as complement of a noun or adjective, or in apposition to a noun.The subordinate clause as subject is most commonly placed after the verb and introduced by a preceding non-referential it, e.g. it is certain that he was there ‘that he was there, is certain’: see it pron. 4a(b). As object, it usually follows, e.g. I have heard that he was there.For ellipsis of that, see etymological note.
Π
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxi. 207 Hit is god ðæt ge hit nu witon.
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. iv. 393 Ic wat þæt ælc wuht from Gode com.
OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 301 Seo syxta unþeaw is þæt se ðe to hlaforde bið geset þæt he for modleaste ne mæge his mannum don steore.
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 214 And herodes i herde þet o king was i bore.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7 Hit com him on mode..þet [c1300 Otho þat] he wolde of Engle þa æðelæn tellen.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 288 And þe sonde seide Þat sik lai þat maide.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 18 (MED) It is ordeynede yat when a brother or syster deyethe, alle ye bretheren and sisteren of yis fraternitee shule comen to ye Dirige.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 502 And this figure he added eek ther to That if gold ruste, what sholde Iren do.
a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 362 (MED) We ben certein þat Crist may not axe oþir obedience.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 481 Then hapnyt at that tyme..That the Erle of the Leuenax was Amang the hillis.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 2902 What think ye best thanne..yt we shall doo?
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. iii. 12 This shall be the token, yt I haue sent the.
1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xiv. f. 99v That I remaine in field it is to me greate fame.
1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xix. 2 That the soule be without knowledge, it is not good. View more context for this quotation
1679 Philos. Coll. Royal Soc. I. 28 This opinion, that the Air is Navigable.
1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 135 Their Opinion, that it was not real, but imaginary Land we had seen.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 156 We have borne The ruffling wind, scarce conscious that it blew.
1809 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) 555 The story is as certain as that Dr. Dodd was hung.
1873 J. Morley Rousseau I. vii. 284 Rousseau was persuaded that Madame d'Epinay was his betrayer.
1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 258 They are all alike in this, that the fruit is white.
1922 E. Wharton Let. 23 May (1988) 452 I suppose you have heard that Sally Norton has had a very severe operation for tumour.
1978 Language 54 418 It is clear that he is arguing from form to meaning, rather than the reverse.
1982 A. Shevrin tr. S. Aleichem Marienbad v. 48 That your Beltzi is coming to Marienbad, I knew even before your letter arrived.
†b. Introducing a clause in apposition to or exemplifying the statement in the main clause: in that, in the fact that; e.g. we have done evil that we have not taken surety (now usually expressed by in with gerund, e.g. we have done evil in not taking surety). Obsolete.Close to sense 4 in function.
Π
eOE Let. to Edward the Elder (Sawyer 1445) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 852 Ða Helmstan ða undæde gedyde ðæt he Æðęredes belt forstæl.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2011 Tatt wass mikell god tatt itt Vnnawwnedd wass þe deofell.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 119 We have doon evyll that we have not taken surete.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Phil. iv. 14 Ye have wele done, that ye bare parte with me in my tribulacion.
?1575 tr. H. Niclaes Epistolæ viii. iv. 173 We haue (sayth he) a sure propheticall Woord, and ye do well that ye haue regarde ther-vnto.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings viii. 18 Thou diddest well that it was in thine heart. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Acts x. 33 Thou hast well done, that thou art come [so Cranmer; Wycliffite, E.V. and Rhem. in coming; Tyndale and Geneva for to come] . View more context for this quotation
1654 C. Barksdale tr. H. Grotius Of Law of Warre & Peace iii. xxxv. 557 He did ill, that he entred, as in contempt of the true God, wherewith also the Prophets do upbraid the Chaldaeans.
c. In periphrastic (or ‘cleft’) construction, following a clause consisting of it is (was, etc.) with an adverb or adverbial phrase as complement, to which emphasis is given by the periphrasis. See also it pron. 4b.
Π
OE Wulfstan Last Days (Hatton) 137 Hit wæs oft ær þæt Godes halgan fela wundra þurh Godes mihta openlice worhtan.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 1165 Heruore hit is þat me þeshuneþ.
a1400 Prose Life Christ (Pepys) (1922) 67 (MED) And Jesus hem ansuered & seide þat it was for egernesse and for felonye þat Moyses it hem suffred, þat hij ne slowȝen hym nouȝth.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 266 Thou art..lyke one knyght that I hate... So be hit that thou be not he, I woll lyghtly acorde with the.
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance iv. f. xxiiii I doute that then they both shall walke styl in derkenes. And therfore yt is that Iohn Chrysostome sayth vppon Matthew the xxi. chapyter. That yf prestehode be holle & sound, all the chyrch florysheth.
1573 T. Twyne tr. H. Llwyd Breuiary of Britayne f. 86v It is seldome, that twoo, or three Cities do ioyne, to withstande their common daunger.
1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 219 Therefore it is that they are agrieved.
1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes ii. viii. 156 For which also there can be no preventive Medicines instituted, and it is rarely that it is cured.
1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 108 It is not always that we ought to judge by Appearances.
1780 Mirror No. 77. ⁋6 It is owing to this circumstance, that a general lover seldom forms an attachment to any particular object.
1815 W. Wordsworth Poems II. 21 Where was it that the famous Flower Of Yarrow Vale lay bleeding?
1870 C. M. Yonge Cameos c, in Monthly Packet May 443 It was for his own supremacy that he fought.
1875 J. Croll Climate & Time 467 It is seldom that the geologist has an opportunity of seeing a complete section.
1890 C. Bowen in Law Times Rep. 63 735/1 It was because he failed to prove this that his case broke down.
1905 Athenæum 21 Oct. 539/3 It is seldom that novels treating of modern Italian life..are otherwise than pleasant.
2011 R. N. Spicer in T. Goodnow Daily Show & Rhetoric ii. 34 It is often that the satirized take on the signs of satirization and wear them with pride.
d. Introducing an exclamatory clause (with or without a preceding interjection or interjectional phrase) expressing some emotion, usually (now always) sorrow, indignation, or the like. Now usually with should. Cf. woe int. 2. Now literary and rare.Some instances with preceding interjection or interjectional phrase may be regarded as belonging instead to sense 4a: cf. quot. 1535 at sense 4a(b).
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. 74 Walawa, þæt swa fægeres hiwes menn sindon ðam sweartan deofle underðeodde.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. ix. 258 Eala þæt nanwuht nis fæste stondendes weorces a wuniende.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 21 O, seið þus þe boc, wei þet he eure hit wule iþenche in his þonke.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12907 (MED) Wale þat ich wes iboren!
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 122 O þat hy were blyþe, þo hye here siȝen So glorious alyue.
c1390 Charter Abbey Holy Ghost (Laud) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 345 Whan Adam sauȝ hym comen, lord þat he was glade!
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 125 Allas, þat euer gadryd I monye on hepe, to trustyn þere-vpon.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 872 ‘Alas,’ seyde she, ‘that ever I syghe you!’
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iv. 54 A, Lord, that I shuld abide this day!
1543 ‘Salomon’ Wounderfull Prophecie sig. A.ii Therfore I am (sayth he) so ful of thyne indignacion. Oh Lorde, that I may suffer it no longer.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 283 O God, that men should put an enemy in there mouthes, to steale away there braines. View more context for this quotation
1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master iv. i Lord! that people should be such arrant cuddens!
1701 R. Steele Funeral iv. 61 No, Pox Trim sounds so very short and Priggish—that my Name should be a Monosyllable!
1779 H. Cowley Who's the Dupe? ii. 18 Oh, that ever I should have been such a Nincompoop!
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci i. ii. 11 Great God! that such a father should be mine!
1883 G. Meredith Poems & Lyrics 140 Alas, that I should have to say it! bad Is two-sexed upon earth.
1992 L. Marks & M. Gran New Statesman 74 Ye Gods and little fishes, that it should come to this! The temple of democracy desecrated by television cameras!
e. Introducing a noun clause as object of a preceding preposition: the fact that; (also) the time that. Chiefly after certain prepositions with which that forms compound conjunctions (after that, before that, by that, etc.), sometimes with special meanings. Now chiefly in in that at in prep. Phrases 1.See also after conj. 1a(b), before conj. 1a, by prep. 21c, for that conj. 1, notwithstanding prep. 2, out-taken prep. 1b, to conj. 1b, unto conj. a(a), with prep. 6, without conj. 1.
Π
OE Genesis A (1931) 1403 Se egorhere eorðan tuddor eall acwealde, buton þæt earce bord heold heofona frea.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1080 [for: 1130] Þer wes Codes riþt gesochen on him for þet he wes all forswoorn.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 968 Biforenn þatt te laferrd crist Wass borenn her to manne.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 139, 141 Sunnendei fond noe lond efter þet ure drihten hefde þet folc adreint.
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 151 Bi þat hit was middai hiȝ, Floriz was þe brigge niȝ.
1444 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) V. 121/2 To stonde and abyde for terme of her lyves, with that thei dwell continuelli within the seid Toun or Fraunchise.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope (1967) ix. 206 I shalle not leue the goo, withoute that thow hold to me that [etc.].
1485–6 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1485 1st Roll §54. m. 38 Contynued their possession in the same; unto that Humfrey Stafford..entred in to the said maners.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. 554 The bysshoppe and the lorde de la Ryver were joyouse of that the herytaunce shulde abyde with the Vycount.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) ciiii. sig. E*iiii I am angry wyth nothynge but with that Florence shold thus escape vs.
1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes xx. 36 This shalbe sene by that they succour the poore.
1650 E. Williams Virgo Triumphans (new ed.) 41 The West Indie Potatoe..besides that it is a food excellently delicious and strongly nourishing, fixes himselfe wherever planted.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Butter As to that [Butter] which they taint with Eel-pouts, besides that it deceives the Sight it is very often disagreeable to the Taste.
1861 J. S. Mill Considerations Representative Govt. vii. 147 The representatives of the majority, besides that they would themselves be improved in quality..would no longer have the whole field to themselves.
1922 Congress. Rec. 23 Nov. 58/1 Despite strikes, despite that farmers are further being crucified between still lower prices for everything they sell..; despite all these things we seem to be promised an early period of recuperation.
2013 B. Shimoda Portuguese 111 I don't know who he is squealing at, if anyone, despite that he's looking wild-eyed directly at me.
II. Introducing a clause expressing purpose or result, and related uses.
2.
a. Introducing a clause expressing purpose, end, aim, or desire: with simple subjunctive (archaic), or with may (past tense might), should, or rarely shall, will.After will, wish, pray, beseech, and the like, the function of that combines this sense with that of sense 1.See also may v.1 9.When strictly expressing purpose, in order that is now more usual: see order n. Phrases 6; simple that is archaic or literary. Cf. also so as that at as conj. 27b, so that at so adv. and conj. 23.
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. xi. 140 Þær se biscop oft mid þone cyning wæs, þæt he fulwade þæt folc in Swalwan streame.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 38 Waciað & gebiddað þæt ge on costnunge ne gan [L. ut non intretis in temptationem].
a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) l. 317 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 229 Ac drihte crist ȝeue us strengðe stonde þat we moten.
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 64 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 22 Þe holi gost þou me sende, þat from þe saresinz i miste me defende.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3245 xii. weiges ðer-in ben faiger and fre, Ðat euerilc kinde of israel Mai ðor his weige finden wel.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 3742 Ȝyf þou ȝaue euer cunsel or rede For yre, þat a man were dede.
c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 106 Besy that al thing were wele and couenably done.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 121 Turne þi face fro no pore man, þat god turne noȝt his face fro þe.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. xxvi. f. ccxciiii/1 On a daye he desyred a preest that sange masse before hym, that he myght be confessed.
1593 B. Barnes Parthenophil & Parthenophe lxxix. 52 Blind mine eyes (enuie) that the [= they] may not range.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xii. 447 To the end that you may not faile of this worke of imping.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 51 This cutting down..is made..that the Cramp-Irons..joggle not on either side off the Ribs.
1683 Trial Ld. Russell in Lady R.'s Lett. (1807) p. xlvi We pray for the King that the challenge may be over-ruled.
1708 London Gaz. No. 4454/3 This is to Advertise all Persons, that they do not lend her any Mony.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. ii. 67 Give me one look, That I may see his face so beautiful.
1874 A. J. Christie in Ess. Rel. & Lit. 3rd Ser. 50 Christ..had prayed that Peter's faith should not fail.
1905 E. M. Forster Where Angels fear to Tread vii. 236 He stood..filled with the desire that his son should be like him, and should have sons like him, to people the earth.
1936 H. Read Surrealism 81 Blake labours in hope that Enthusiasm and Life may not cease.
2013 Daily Tel. 15 Nov. 25/4 Its mission involves sending experienced surgeons to hospitals..to train local staff with the aim that they will take over.
b. In exclamations of desire or longing, with verb in subjunctive. Now somewhat literary.Now always with verb in past subjunctive (indicating improbability of fulfilment), usually with preceding interjection; see also O int. 2, will v.1 Phrases 3.Formerly also with verb in present subjunctive (indicating possibility of fulfilment), where that is now omitted. In quot. c1330 expressing a command (that he war ‘let him be’).
ΚΠ
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 6189 A duc þer was..Þat was traytour & louerd suike þat god ȝiue him ssame.
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 518 Goht, he seiȝ, to þe prisone, And fechcheȝ forht mine sone, And quik þat he ware anhonge.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2795 God mowe [we] þonk, & oure worþi werwolf þat wel him by-tyde!
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (1874) l. 976 Here at youre feet god wolde þat I were graue.
c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 38 (MED) How knowyst the optatyf? That at wyllyth or desyryth, as ‘God wolde that I were a good man.’
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms liv. [lv.] 6 O that I had wynges like a doue.
1599 M. Drayton Idea in Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) sig. P5 O God from you that I could priuate be.
a1635 R. Corbet Poems (1807) 99 O that I ere might have the hap To get the bird which in the map Is called the Indian Ruck!
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 46 Ah! that your Birth and Bus'ness had been mine.
a1711 T. Ken Psyche ii, in Wks. (1721) IV. 203 O that I had a Cherub's num'rous Eyes To guard me from a Re-surprise.
1790 W. Cowper On Receipt Mother's Picture 1 Oh that those lips had language!
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xl. 62 Deep folly! yet that this could be—That I could wing my will with might [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1900 J. O. Hobbes Osbern & Ursyne iii. ii. 87 O, that he had Ten bodies to be slaughtered! One skinful of flesh Is not enough to appease our appetite For vengeance!
1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 2/2 Oh, that we could ‘become as little children’ in this matter, as in many others.
2015 Daily Tel. 17 July 23/1 Oh, that I..could somehow emulate the tropical climes attire that saunters raffishly down the catwalks this time of year.
†c. Introducing a parenthetic clause of purpose. Obsolete.Now expressed by the infinitive, e.g. that we speak of no more ‘to speak of no more’.
Π
a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 250 Hit beoþ þreo tymes on þo day Þat soþe to witen me mai.
1588 G. Babington Profitable Expos. Lords Prayer 115 God is not meant to bee in heauen..circumscriptiuely..but (that we may so speak) repletiuely.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 1 Synods & Church-maintenance (that we speake of no more things of this kinde) should be as safe as a Sanctuary.
1652 D. Cawdrey Sabbatum Redivivum iii. 428 Some Answers given..are so unsatisfying and weak (that we say not false) that they have gotten strength by their confutation.
d. Introducing a clause expressing a hypothetical desired result. With verb in the subjunctive (usually past) or its equivalent (may, might). Now rare.
ΚΠ
1582 R. Parsons Def. Censure 119 I wolde gyue a good thing, that I were by you whyle you reade this, to see whether you can blushe or no.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 152 Oh heauens, that they were liuing both in Nalpes [sic] The King and Queene there, that they were, I wish My selfe were mudded in that oo-zie bed. View more context for this quotation
a1698 L. Muggleton Acts of Witnesses (1699) iv. iii. 118 Said he, I would willingly do anything that I might be saved.
1753 W. Gardiner tr. M. de Fontenelle Week's Conversat. Plurality of Worlds iii. 90 I would give any Thing that I could possibly fathom the awkward Reasonings of the Philosophers of their World, upon our Earth's appearing immoveable to them.
1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 165 I would give a thousand pounds that he may prove the man.
1821 Ld. Byron Wks. (1835) V. 216 I would gladly have given a much greater sum..that he had never been hurt.
1861 G. W. Dasent tr. Story Burnt Njal II. 118 I would give all my goods that it had never happened.
1900 tr. V. Hugo in Harper's Mag. Nov. 929/1 Alas! would she but permit me to give my life that all her desires might be accomplished!
2014 C. Elson tr. M. Deguy Man of Little Faith 25 You will perish and I can do nothing for you; I would give anything that you might increase, might heal, might understand.
3.
a. Introducing a clause expressing the result or consequence of what is stated in the principal clause. With verb usually in the indicative.
(a) With antecedent so or such, either in the principal clause or immediately before that in the subordinate clause (see so adv. and conj. 23, 24, such adj. and pron. 13).Also (archaic) preceded by as: see as conj. 29. For ellipsis of that, see etymology note.
Π
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiii. 54 He lærde hig on hyra gesamnungum swa þæt hig wundredon.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1122 Þæt fir hi seagon in ðe dæirime, and læste swa lange þet hit wæs liht ofer eall.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 35 Swilche pine ic habbe þet me were leofere þenne al world þah hit were min most ic habben..summe lisse.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5143 Swa swide [emended in ed. to swiðe] he heom hænde þat heo fluwen ouer Hunbre [emended in ed. to Humbre].
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 33 Þe man op-let zuo his herte and his body be uestinges and be wakinges..zuo þet he ualþ ine fyeblesse.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 419 Men lyueþ so longe in þat hurste, Þat þe eldest deiȝeþ furst.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9730 Sa wel i am ya luued wit þe þat þi wisdom man clepes me.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 119 So longe they rode..that they came there as they were borne.
1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xix Therby also..is a scissure or clyfte in the stone Rok so moche that a man almoste may lye therin.
1564 tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Fruitfull & Learned Comm. 272 To aske, not in deede so apertely that his voice should be hearde.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 56/1 When as the Cataracte is so dense and of such a crassitude that heer-with they will not be soackede.
1601 Lady Hoby Diary 22 Feb. (1930) 164 This day was rainie so that I Could nor durst goe abroad but exersised in the house.
1669 J. Milton Paradise Lost (new ed.) Verse sig. a4 This neglect..of Rime so little is to be taken for a defect,..that it rather is to be esteem'd an example.
1703 G. Farquhar Twin-rivals i. ii. 9 The poor Creature is so big with her Misfortunes, that they are not to be born.
1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 391/1 This put Bluster into such a Passion, that he quitted the Surgery in a pet.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 86 Throwing Craigengelt from him with such violence, that he rolled down the steps.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 85 He was a man of morals so bad that his own relations shrank from him.
1899 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 10 Nov. 8/5 The growth of the population had been so rapid that private enterprise had not kept pace with the housing requirements of the people.
1906 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Jan. 63 The patient's syphilophobia had..increased to such a degree that it became extremely difficult to manage the case.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1443 The grubs..sometimes continue their meals for weeks after they are mature, so that great damage is done.
1950 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 34 Balanced surface, a control surface in which the aerodynamic hinge moment..has been reduced by so shaping it that part of the surface is forward of the hinge.
2010 J. Kwok Girl in Transl. i. 21 She took me in her arms and squeezed so hard that I gasped.
(b) Without antecedent: so that. Now rare (U.S. regional (Pennsylvania) and archaic).
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. vii. 25 Þær com hagol se wæs wið fyre gemenged, þæt he ægþer sloh ge ða menn ge ða nytenu.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 27 Þe deofel..rixat in-nan him þet he nulle nefre forleten his sunne.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 935 Forð com Corineus..þat alle hit bi-heolden.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2690 Þun king hii bounde uaste ynou þat reulich he gan crie.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) 1 Esdras Prol. l. 4 Þe gretnesse of charge put vp on owre nollis bereþ doun, þat raþere it be to fallyn doun vnder þe berþene þan to reren.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. l. 66 Heuene was yclosed, Þat no reyne ne rone.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xvi. xvii. sig. Rvii Thenne were they sore affrayed that they felle bothe to the erthe.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 136v Suche as bee naught I byte, that thei smart again.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. i. 65 Then Il'd shrieke, that euen your eares Should rift to heare me. View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 96 The fear..made me that I never slept.
1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes xix I struck one more sturdy blow..that the forest rang.
1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 66 A fire..scorch'd me that I woke.
1914 Dial. Notes 4 157 We like our mince pie piping hot that it steams inside.
1934 Language 10 4 I cut my finger that it bled.
b. Introducing a clause expressing a fact (with verb in the indicative), or a supposition (with verb in the subjunctive or with should) as a consequence attributed to the cause indicated by the main clause (which is most commonly interrogative); sometimes nearly ‘in consequence of which’; or (with indicative) ‘since, seeing that’.
Π
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) v. 2 Hwæt is se Drihten, þæt ic him hyran scule & Israhela folc forlætan?
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15112 Whæt is þe..þat þu swa wepest to-dæi.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) viii. 5 (MED) What þynge ys man, þat þou ert þenchand on hym?
a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 2770 What deseysse is come þe to Þat þou art now so sorwefolle?
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxiii. [cxiv.] 5 What ayled the (o thou see) that thou fleddest?
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. liii. 2 There is no beautie that we should desire him. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. ii. 39 Who is Siluia? what is she? That all our Swaines commend her? View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 39 I doubt he be not well, that hee comes not home. View more context for this quotation
1787 W. Cowper Stanzas Yearly Bill Mortality 8 Did famine or did plague prevail, That so much death appears?
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clare in Poems (new ed.) II. 196 Are ye out of your mind,..that ye speak so wild?
1885 Sat. Rev. 21 Feb. 242/2 We are not pigeons that we should eat dry peas.
1898 G. B. Shaw Philanderer II. 106 My daughter wants to marry you! Who are you, pray, that she should have any such ambition?
1970 A. K. Armah Fragments (1983) 57 Who calls it a waste, that I should bathe our been-to's feet in the best there is?
2009 A. B. White McClain's Law ii. 13 Is something wrong that dad was in such a hurry?
4.
a. Introducing a clause expressing the cause, ground, or reason of what is stated in the principal clause. Partially overlapping with senses 1b, 1d.In Old English most frequently in sense 4a(b). With sense 4a(a) compare occasional early use of ultimately related thy adv. 1b and thes adv. 1a as conjunctions introducing adverbial clauses equivalent in sense.For ellipsis of that, see etymological note.
†(a) With clause as complement to a complete statement: for or on account of the fact that; because. Obsolete.
Π
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) vii. 238 Ne talige nan man his yfelan dæda to gode, ac talige..swiþost to him sylfum, þæt him yfel gelicað.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xvi. 8 Hwæt þence ge betwux eow, lytles geleafan, þæt [OE Rushw. Gospels forþon þæt; L. quia] ge hlafas nabbað?
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 831 Sche..Wrong her handes that sche was born.
1567 W. Allen Treat. Def. Priesthod 352 And S. Augustin excommunicated County Bonifacius that he tooke from the Churche an offender.
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 270 Then is there a quarrel picked against the Popes that they made such restraints.
a1657 R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 83 Honest J. is ready to beat his wife that she forces his promise to so slothful a performance.
1716 J. Digby tr. A. de Wicquefort Embassador & His Functions i. ii. 6 They said, that this was by so much the more strange, that even the Spaniards did not give it themselves in the Powers they had to treat with the Dutch.
1829 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. & Continental Misc. 4 109 Neither should we censure Novalis that he dries his tears.
(b) With clause as complement to an adjective or verb expressing gladness, sorrow, gratitude, surprise, anger, and similar feelings.
Π
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxix. 426 Ic þancie þe mid inwerdre heortan, þæt ic mot faran into þinum rice.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5576 Himm reoweþþ þatt he dwelleþþ her. Swa swiþe lange onn eorþe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4676 He wes glæd þat his ifon weoren dæd.
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 4057 (MED) Beues was glad þat he was come.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1473 Eche a rynk was bliþe þat þe milde meliors so mariede scholde bene to þemperours eir of grece.
?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1860) 53 That thou art as thou art, God thank and hery.
1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in Anglia (1905) 28 273 (MED) Men..Merveileth þat thou so lowly art.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxix. [cxx.] 5 Wo is me, yt my banishment endureth so longe.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xi. 169 For þe commoun pepill reiosit þat þe wolchis war cummyn.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lxiii. 5 I wondered that there was none to vphold. View more context for this quotation
1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 250 The Complyers are all angry that the excellencies of these Men should be so much as mention'd.
1791 T. Jefferson Let. 10 Apr. in Papers (1982) XX. 86 I am happy that the President has left the planning of the town in such good hands.
1797 J. Beattie Scoticisms (new ed.) 23 I am the more impatient of pain, that I have long enjoyed good health.
1810 G. Crabbe Borough xviii. 244 Men..bless their God that Time has fenc'd their Heart.
1842 T. B. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1876) II. 114 I should be very sorry that it were known.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxxv. 372 Mrs. Poyser was quite agreeably surprised that Hetty wished to go and see Dinah.
1901 S. E. White Westerners xxxi. 292 ‘I'm sorry that I have this to do, Billy,’ said Lafond. ‘I don't want to.’
1963 Times 12 Feb. 8/6 The Friulians can hardly have been happy that Trieste is to be the regional capital.
2013 New Scientist 3 Aug. 11/1 Conservationists have been amazed that, despite the disappearance..of most of the marsh, every species survived.
b. not that——: (used elliptically) which is not said because——; which is not to say that——. Cf. not adv. 6a.Quot. OE shows equivalent use after Old English nalæs not, not at all.
Π
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. Introd. 31 Marcus & Lucas writon þæt godspel nalæs þæt [OE Hatton na for þy þe] hi hit gesawon, ac hi hit geleornodon.]
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. viii. 13 Not that it be remyssioun, or slouthe, to othere, forsoth to ȝou tribulacioun; but of euenesse, in the present tyme ȝoure haboundaunce fulfille the myseste of hem.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale (Hengwrt) (1871) Prol. l. 1654 Nat that I may encressen hir [sc. Mary's] honour ffor she hir self is honour.
c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 68 (MED) Not þat y meene doctouris fyndyngis..to be dispisid, or to be ouer litil sett bi.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 John iv. 10 Not that we loued God, but that he loued vs, and sent his sonne to make agrement for oure sinnes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 21 Not that I lou'd Cæsar lesse, but that I lou'd Rome more. View more context for this quotation
1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 12 Such Vertue's only given to guide a Throne. Not that your Father's Mildness I condemn.
a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. xxi. 199 Not that 'tis lawful for any Man to invade the ministerial Office, who is not call'd and ordain'd thereto.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native I. i. ix. 184 Where is she staying now? Not that I care.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 185 Not that a particle of this substance is annihilated.
1959 J. Braine Vodi xii. 162 Not that she was a gold-digger; but once he started going around with her there were more withdrawals than deposits in his Post Office savings book.
2017 J. Bennett Alex, Approximately xv. 200 He thinks that I have a shiny new toy, you being that toy—not that you are a toy!
†5. With a negative in the subordinate clause (the main clause having also a negative expressed or implied): but that, but (see but conj. 10b). Obsolete.Now expressed by without with gerund: e.g. in quot. 1809, that she did not hear ‘without her hearing’.Quots. c1390, 1487 may belong instead to that pron.2 8.
Π
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 378 Man gecwæman ne mæg twam hlafordum ætsomne, þæt he ne forseo þone oðerne.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 41 Ne scule ȝe nefre ufel don þet ȝe hit ne sculen mid uuele bitter abuggen.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12951 Næs nan kempen i-boren of nauer nare burden þat mon ne mæi mid strenðe stupen hine to grunde.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 2129 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 167 For ȝwane men peyntiez an Anletnesse ȝe ne seoth it nouȝt bi-leued Þat þere nis depeint a Roundel al-a-boute þe heued.
c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) l. 6 Ne neuer was wrouȝt non vuel þing Þat vuel þouȝt nas þe biginnyng.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 293 A long tyme sho mot nowder luke on þe crucifyx nor speke..of þe Passion..þatten evur [i.e. þatte nevur] sho fell in swone as sho had bene dead.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 280 Thar is no man That he ne will rew vp-on voman.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. x. 525 They would never again be so fully reconcil'd, that there would not still remain a Core in the bosom of the one or the other.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer v. 103 I never attempted to be impudent yet, that I was not taken down.
1809 R. Southey Let. 19 Sept. in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) III. 252 He never turned in his bed during that whole time that she did not hear.
1837 S. R. Maitland 6 Lett. Fox's A. & M. 69 I have hardly ever..turned it over for five minutes, that some gross error has not presented itself.
6. Added so as to give conjunctive force to various words that are now commonly used as conjunctions without that, such as although, because, only, though, till, until, etc. Now U.S. regional.See also if that at if conj. and n. Phrases 1, lest that at lest conj. 1b, since that at since conj. 4b, while that at while conj. 1a.Cf. similar Old English use of þe (see the conj. 2). Cf. also sense 7b.Quot. OE probably shows a rare use of if that in Old English, although þæt could alternatively be interpreted as showing that pron.1
ΚΠ
OE Homily (Hatton 114) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 283 Gyf þæt þonne hwylc man seo, þæt him þæt on his mode to uneþelic þince, tylige he þonne [etc.].
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 249 He shall o domess daȝȝ. Vss gifenn heffness blisse, Ȝiff þatt we shulenn wurrþi ben.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22167 Þai sal be studiand in þair thoght, Queþer þat he be crist or nai.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14458 Bot al þat he wit luue þam soght, Enentis þe Iuus al was for noght.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 232 None ought not to complayne my deth, sith that I have purchaced it myself.
1505 F. Marsin et al. Rep. Ferdinand of Arragon in J. Gairdner Historia Regis Henrici Septimi (1858) 267 The kynge..remembrithe that mater as efectually as that hit were his aune proper cause.
1533 T. Elyot Of Knowl. Wise Man v. f. 93 From the tyme that I was.xx.yeres old I alway continued disciple of Socrates, vntyll that he dyed.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7 The knight..Who faire him quited, as that courteous was.
1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. III. 196 The propertie thereof is to mount alwaies vpwards, vntill that it hath attained to the place destinated vnto it.
1656 A. Wright Five Serm. 201 The reason is, cause that Ordinances are nothing without the Lord.
1685 J. Bunyan Questions Seventh-day-Sabbath ii. 16 This yet seems to me more scrupulous, because that the punishment..was hid from men to the time of Moses.
1730 Cloud of Witnesses (ed. 3) 341 Although that men be this day employing their Power and Strength for the down bearing of the Church of God, yet all that Burdens themselves with her shall be dashed in pieces.
1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum at Concentration Till that the particles are as it were unprimed from each other, they cannot affect either of those senses.
1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (new ed.) II. 436 When the terms grow larger and larger, the Series is called a diverging one, because that by collecting the terms continually, the successive sums diverge.
1800 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) 325 As to my schemes of residence, I am as unfixed as yourself, only that we are under the absolute necessity of fixing somewhere.
1805 tr. A. Lafontaine Hermann & Emilia III. 97 Hermann likewise trembled, because that their early friendship was awakened in his breast.
1884 J. McIntyre Musings Banks of Canad. Thames 73 He onward cheerfully did go, And though that he did freeze his cheek The fire side he did never seek.
1917 Dial. Notes 4 229 That is often used pleonastically in such phrases as ‘Because that (or since that) I couldn't go.’
1982 P. M. Ginns Snowbird Gravy & Dishpan Pie (2013) 91 It's just as much glory to him because that if they'd look at it like that, it proves to 'em that it's not me.
7.
†a. After hardly, scarcely, or an equivalent expression: when that, when. Similarly †just that: just when, just as (see quot. 1648). Obsolete.now that: see now conj. 2.In early use (e.g. quots. OE, c1225) sometimes with negation in the subordinate clause.
Π
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1005 Se flota ðæs geares gewende of þissum gearde to Denemarce & lytelne fyrst let þæt he eft ne com.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 25 Him þurȝeð [perhaps read þingeð] al to lutel þat he deð to unrihte þet he habbe oðer monnes [istreon] mid wohe.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 44 Nefde bute iseid swa, þet al þe eorðe ne bigon to cwakien & to cwauien.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2242 Þei ne hadde redly rested but a litel while, þat werkmen forto worche ne wonne þidere sone.
c1390 (?c1350) St. Ambrose l. 489 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 16 (MED) Vnneþe Ambrose and his meyne Weoren passed out from þat citee Þat sodeynliche opened þe eorþe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8160 Vnnethes had he moned his mode, þat [Fairf. quen] a lem fra þe wandes stode.
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 237 Þe Kyng hade nouȝt ȝitte fulliche eten, þat þere ne come into þe halle anoþer messager.
a1500 (?a1425) Ipomedon (Harl.) (1889) l. 1229 (MED) Scantly had þey the mete corvyn Þat in comyth þe kyngis messyngere.
1648 O. Cromwell in T. Carlyle Lett. & Speeches Cromwell (1871) II. 56 Until just that we came.
1780 Mirror No. 95. ⁋1 We spent our time as happily as possible, till about half a year ago, that my ill stars directed me to [etc.].
b. Added to relative or interrogative pronouns and adjectives (who, which, what, etc.) and to relative conjunctions (when, where, how, why, etc.). †Also added to the demonstrative adverbs then, there, etc., when used as relatives (obsolete). Now regional or archaic.
ΚΠ
lOE Writ of Edward the Confessor (Sawyer 1098) in F. E. Harmer Anglo-Saxon Writs (1952) 219 Ælce mannum gebyreð swyðe rihte ure drihten God luuien..& ælmesdæden georne befellen þurh hwan þæt he of synbænden hine selfne mote alynian.
a1250 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Titus) (1940) l. 233 Hwa þat sehe þenne hu þe engles beoð isweamed..stani were his heorte ȝif ha ne mealte i teares.
c1275 ( Ulfketel's Grant of Land to Bury St. Edmunds in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 146 [H]er switeleþ on þis write ihu þat Vlfketel God vthe and sancte Eadmunde, þat is þat lond at Rikinghale.
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 819 Þe bor..cride..To þe castel þar þat lai Ermin.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1247 Yai, sir, wist i wyderward [Gött. queþirward] þat [Gött. þere] tat vncuth contre were.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 570 And in myn herte to wondren I bigan What þat he was.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 41 To telle yow..in what array þt they weere Inne.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 36 Euery wyght whiche that to rome went.
1449–50 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1449 §57. m. 18 In whos handes that ever they were founde.
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 112 Faste be-syde ther that the batelle was done.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xvii. xxii. sig. V.j Wotest thou wherfor that he hath sente me.
?a1500 (a1471) Brut (Lyell) in J. S. Davies Eng. Chron. (1856) 98 A wommanne the whiche that knewe hym.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiii Where yt ye were pomped wt what that ye wolde Nowe must ye suffre bothe hunger and colde.
1577 N. Breton Wks. Young Wyt sig. I.iv Take my meaning right, and I can easely show, how that a sheepe can not compare in goodnes with a shrow.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iv. sig. Ff5 Who dyes the vtmost dolor doth abye, But who that liues, is lefte to waile his losse.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 92 When that the poore haue cry'de, Cæsar hath wept. View more context for this quotation
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 32 Wherein was read How that the Cardinall did intreat his Holinesse [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
c1650 (a1500) Eger & Grime (Percy) (1933) 2300 If ever ye come where that I dwel, I shal quite you of your travel.
1776 Patie's Wedding in D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs II. 191 When that the carles grew nappy, They danc'd as weel as they dow'd.
1814 Spaniards iv. i, in New Brit. Theatre III. 234 When that the crown..shall bind the brows Of my unnatural brother.
1883 F. Kemble Poems 38 White was their snowy vesture, And shining as the Alps, when that the sun Gems their pale robes with diamonds.
1912 W. H. Hodgson Night Land viii Here in this place will I set down how that the Peoples of the Pyramid were greater to the chest, methinks, than we of this age.
1949 R. Moore Grasshopper's Man 14 How that the grasshopper is a more precise Lover of God than he.
1999 in M. B. Montgomery & J. S. Hall Dict. Smoky Mountain Eng. (2004) 649 I can see why that that would be so.
†8. Used as a substitute instead of repeating a previous conjunction. Obsolete.
Π
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. i. 254 Þis aræddon.., þæt he se abbud his latteow beon sceolde.., forþon þe he ær twiga þa dælas Gallia rices..gesohte, & forþon þe him se weg..cuð wæs, & eac swylce þæt he wæs in his agnum geferscipe wel gemonnad.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 17 Þenne were þu wel his freond..Gif þu hine iseȝe þet he wulle asottie to þes deofles hond..þet þu hine lettest, and wið-stewest.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 109 Þis bene we ne moȝe habbe: boteyef we ne habbe..þe þridde yefþe of þe holy gost þet ous tekþ his oȝene guod wyl and þet he ous wende oure wrechide wil.
c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (1875) l. 314 Men sholde hym brennen in a fyr so reed If he were founde or þat men myghte him spye.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xix. 59 So began he to be..all annoyed of hym self by cause he was not armed tyl his plesure, and that he myght not yssue out.
?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth xlii. f. 58v Whan he had assayed many wayes & that nothing came to purpose.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Esther ii. C She must come vnto the kynge nomore, excepte it pleased the kynge, and that he caused her to be called by name.
1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 174 b When sleepe falleth vpon men, & that they be in bed.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 8 Since he stands obdurate, And that no lawfull meanes can carry me out of his enuies reach. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xiii. 2 If it seeme good vnto you, and that [1535 Coverdale yf] it be of the Lord our God, let vs send abroad vnto our brethren. View more context for this quotation
1655 M. Casaubon Treat. Enthvsiasme (1656) 126 Because I desire not to be over-long, and that I would not glut the Reader.
1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 823 So soon as the Death of King John was..known, and that the Earls..could agree where to meet.
1797 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iii, in Wks. (1815) VIII. 330 When one of the parties to a treaty intrenches himself..in..ceremonies,..and that all the concessions are upon one side.
1829 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula (1882) II. ix. iii. 16 Although the rear was attacked,..and that 50 men..were captured.
†9. After a comparative: = than conj. 1a. Cf. the conj. 1b. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1300 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 73 Þe hwile þu hyne witest vnder þine hemme, þu ert swetture þt [emended in ed. to þan] eny spis.
c1300 St. Kenelm (Harl.) l. 108 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 50 For noman nemai þan oþer bet trecherie do Þat [Laud Þane] þulke þat is him next & he trist mest to.
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. l. 10602 More worschip of hym [sc. Arthur] spoke þer was Þat of any of þo þat spekes Gildas.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlviii. l. 35 And but þe holyere man he be þat I konne wit, Elles schal there non Man here syt.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 175 He had Slayn by trayson two prynces bettyr that he was.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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pron.1adj.1adv.n.eOEpron.2eOEadj.2eOEconj.eOE
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