bourgeoisien.

Brit.

/ˌbʊəʒwɑːˈziː/,

/ˌbɔːʒwɑːˈziː/, U.S.

/ˌbʊrʒwɑˈzi/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bourgeoisie.

Etymology: < Middle French, French bourgeoisie citizenry of a town or borough (13th cent. in Old French as borgesie ; also in 13th cent. in senses ‘citizenship, quality of a citizen’ and ‘fee due for the rights of citizenship’), citizens collectively or as a class (1538), (in politics) the middle class (1792) < burgeis , borgeis , etc. (see burgess n.¹ and compare bourgeois n.¹) + -ie -y suffix³. Compare post-classical Latin burgensia fee due for the rights of citizenship (c1200 in a source from France), and also Old Occitan borzezia (14th cent.), Catalan burgesia (14th cent.), Spanish burguesía (1635 or earlier), Portuguese burguesia (1881), Italian borghesia (1567 as †borgesia in the source translated in quot. 1593 at sense 1, or earlier). Compare bourgeois n.¹ and earlier burgessy n. N.E.D. (1887) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (burʒwazī) /burʒwazi/.

1. Originally: the citizenry or freemen of a town or borough in France (or occasionally in other foreign countries). Later more generally: the middle class, esp. the urban middle class. Cf. bourgeois n.¹ 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > town- or city-dweller > [noun] > esp. as having civic rights

burgess?c1225

citizena1325

commoner1384

citinerc1450

in-burgess1479

burgher?1555

bourgeoisie1593

bourgeois1604

burgessdom1661

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > middle class or bourgeoisie

burgessy1533

menalty1548

middle class1654

middling class1745

middling1751

bourgeoise1769

bourgeoisie1774

petite bourgeoisie1846

petty bourgeoisie1850

middling interest1857

upper middle class1864

middle-middle-class1886

well-heeled1897

small bourgeoisie1970

1593 T. Danett tr. L. Guicciardini Descr. Low Countreys 29 Yet can nothing be done before y^e Bourgeoisie [It. la Borgesia] being enformed of the fact agree also thereto.

1683 J. Bulteel tr. F. E. de Mézeray Gen. Chronol. Hist. France iii. 943 The least spark of Sedition would have set all Paris in a flame, and the more easily, because the Bourgeoisie [Fr. la bourgeoisie] had their Arms in readiness.

1707 London Gaz. No. 4354/1 To the Council of the City, the Clergy, and Bourgeoisie of Vallangin.

1774 J. Burgh Polit. Disquis. I. ii. vi. 71 In Holland..the whole power is in the states, that is, or should be, the people; but it does not descend low enough, and leaves the bourgeoisie considerably enslaved.

1801 tr. L. P. de Ségur Hist. Princ. Events Reign Frederic William II II. ix. 199 If the Nobles [of France]..had been inclined to make a common cause with those who were called the Bourgeoisie. [Note] This term was applied to the middle class of the people.

1848 Fraser's Mag. May 589/2 Noblemen and members of parliament enough utterly to paralyse the thinking faculties of the bourgeoisie of London, Manchester, Liverpool, and all the great towns.

1856 ‘G. Eliot’ in Westm. Rev. July 77 The elaborate study of the German bourgeoisie.

1883 Spectator 13 Oct. 1309/2 The ‘political surveys’ he was in the habit of addressing to the bourgeoisie of the Elgin Burghs.

1937 F. Borkenau Spanish Cockpit i. 30 In order to frighten the Catalan bourgeoisie..the Barcelona police actually co-operated with gangs of pistoleros.

1965 Malcolm X Autobiogr. 38 I've often thought that if Mr. Ostrowski had encouraged me to become a lawyer, I would today probably be among some city's professional black bourgeoisie, sipping cocktails and palming myself off as [etc.].

1982 L. Chamberlain Food & Cooking of Russia (1983) 13 Before the Revolution, good food was the province of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy.

2007 GQ (U.K. ed.) Apr. 95/1 Paris' trusted tenants—absinthe, existentialism and Left Bank literature—have moved to the 'burbs along with the bourgeoisie.

2. Chiefly in Marxist theory: the class of those who uphold the interests of capitalism, or are considered to be exploiters of the proletariat, by virtue of their control of the means of production. Cf. bourgeois n.¹ 1b, bourgeois adj. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > capitalist class

bourgeoisie1850

1850 Red Republican 26 Oct. 145/2 It would indeed be monstrously strange if the member for Bolton could applaud or acquiesce in the language of the member for Nottingham. Were he to do so he might take leave of his hopes of attaining to the leadership of the bourgeoisie.

1850 H. Macfarlane tr. K. Marx & F. Engels Manifesto Communist Party in Red Republican 9 Nov. 161/2 Society incessantly tends to be divided into two great camps, into two great hostile armies, the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat.

1886 F. K. Wischnewetzky tr. F. Engels Condit. Working-class (1892) 281 We have seen..how the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat in every conceivable way for its own benefit.

1923 E. A. Ross Russ. Soviet Republic xv. 175 The working classes of Russia have put an end to the rule of the bourgeoisie.

1949 N. Coward Compl. Lyrics (1998) 252/3 Long live the Bourgeoisie We keep our heads And defend our rights Against the ‘Reds’ And the so-called ‘Whites’.

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon iii. 6 In present communist usage the term bourgeoisie is given, however, such an extension as to include all those who, whether they possess capital or not, have an interest in preserving the capitalist system.

1980 W. Manchester Goodbye, Darkness 294 Marx..interpreted it as an inevitable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

1992 R. Stuart Marxism at Work iii. ix. 302 Guesdists..focused their attention upon villain and hero, upon the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bourgeoisie
释义	bourgeoisien. Brit. /ˌbʊəʒwɑːˈziː/, /ˌbɔːʒwɑːˈziː/, U.S. /ˌbʊrʒwɑˈzi/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bourgeoisie. Etymology: < Middle French, French bourgeoisie citizenry of a town or borough (13th cent. in Old French as borgesie ; also in 13th cent. in senses ‘citizenship, quality of a citizen’ and ‘fee due for the rights of citizenship’), citizens collectively or as a class (1538), (in politics) the middle class (1792) < burgeis , borgeis , etc. (see burgess n.¹ and compare bourgeois n.¹) + -ie -y suffix³. Compare post-classical Latin burgensia fee due for the rights of citizenship (c1200 in a source from France), and also Old Occitan borzezia (14th cent.), Catalan burgesia (14th cent.), Spanish burguesía (1635 or earlier), Portuguese burguesia (1881), Italian borghesia (1567 as †borgesia in the source translated in quot. 1593 at sense 1, or earlier). Compare bourgeois n.¹ and earlier burgessy n. N.E.D. (1887) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (burʒwazī) /burʒwazi/. 1. Originally: the citizenry or freemen of a town or borough in France (or occasionally in other foreign countries). Later more generally: the middle class, esp. the urban middle class. Cf. bourgeois n.¹ 1a. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > town- or city-dweller > [noun] > esp. as having civic rights burgess?c1225 citizena1325 commoner1384 citinerc1450 in-burgess1479 burgher?1555 bourgeoisie1593 bourgeois1604 burgessdom1661 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > middle class or bourgeoisie burgessy1533 menalty1548 middle class1654 middling class1745 middling1751 bourgeoise1769 bourgeoisie1774 petite bourgeoisie1846 petty bourgeoisie1850 middling interest1857 upper middle class1864 middle-middle-class1886 well-heeled1897 small bourgeoisie1970 1593 T. Danett tr. L. Guicciardini Descr. Low Countreys 29 Yet can nothing be done before y^e Bourgeoisie [It. la Borgesia] being enformed of the fact agree also thereto. 1683 J. Bulteel tr. F. E. de Mézeray Gen. Chronol. Hist. France iii. 943 The least spark of Sedition would have set all Paris in a flame, and the more easily, because the Bourgeoisie [Fr. la bourgeoisie] had their Arms in readiness. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4354/1 To the Council of the City, the Clergy, and Bourgeoisie of Vallangin. 1774 J. Burgh Polit. Disquis. I. ii. vi. 71 In Holland..the whole power is in the states, that is, or should be, the people; but it does not descend low enough, and leaves the bourgeoisie considerably enslaved. 1801 tr. L. P. de Ségur Hist. Princ. Events Reign Frederic William II II. ix. 199 If the Nobles [of France]..had been inclined to make a common cause with those who were called the Bourgeoisie. [Note] This term was applied to the middle class of the people. 1848 Fraser's Mag. May 589/2 Noblemen and members of parliament enough utterly to paralyse the thinking faculties of the bourgeoisie of London, Manchester, Liverpool, and all the great towns. 1856 ‘G. Eliot’ in Westm. Rev. July 77 The elaborate study of the German bourgeoisie. 1883 Spectator 13 Oct. 1309/2 The ‘political surveys’ he was in the habit of addressing to the bourgeoisie of the Elgin Burghs. 1937 F. Borkenau Spanish Cockpit i. 30 In order to frighten the Catalan bourgeoisie..the Barcelona police actually co-operated with gangs of pistoleros. 1965 Malcolm X Autobiogr. 38 I've often thought that if Mr. Ostrowski had encouraged me to become a lawyer, I would today probably be among some city's professional black bourgeoisie, sipping cocktails and palming myself off as [etc.]. 1982 L. Chamberlain Food & Cooking of Russia (1983) 13 Before the Revolution, good food was the province of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy. 2007 GQ (U.K. ed.) Apr. 95/1 Paris' trusted tenants—absinthe, existentialism and Left Bank literature—have moved to the 'burbs along with the bourgeoisie. 2. Chiefly in Marxist theory: the class of those who uphold the interests of capitalism, or are considered to be exploiters of the proletariat, by virtue of their control of the means of production. Cf. bourgeois n.¹ 1b, bourgeois adj. 4. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > capitalist class bourgeoisie1850 1850 Red Republican 26 Oct. 145/2 It would indeed be monstrously strange if the member for Bolton could applaud or acquiesce in the language of the member for Nottingham. Were he to do so he might take leave of his hopes of attaining to the leadership of the bourgeoisie. 1850 H. Macfarlane tr. K. Marx & F. Engels Manifesto Communist Party in Red Republican 9 Nov. 161/2 Society incessantly tends to be divided into two great camps, into two great hostile armies, the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. 1886 F. K. Wischnewetzky tr. F. Engels Condit. Working-class (1892) 281 We have seen..how the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat in every conceivable way for its own benefit. 1923 E. A. Ross Russ. Soviet Republic xv. 175 The working classes of Russia have put an end to the rule of the bourgeoisie. 1949 N. Coward Compl. Lyrics (1998) 252/3 Long live the Bourgeoisie We keep our heads And defend our rights Against the ‘Reds’ And the so-called ‘Whites’. 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon iii. 6 In present communist usage the term bourgeoisie is given, however, such an extension as to include all those who, whether they possess capital or not, have an interest in preserving the capitalist system. 1980 W. Manchester Goodbye, Darkness 294 Marx..interpreted it as an inevitable conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. 1992 R. Stuart Marxism at Work iii. ix. 302 Guesdists..focused their attention upon villain and hero, upon the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1593
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