tendonn.

Brit.

/ˈtɛndən/, U.S.

/ˈtɛndən/

Forms: Also β. 1500s tenaunt, tennon, 1600s tenon, tendant, 1700s tendent. plural 1500s–1600s (perhaps Lat.) tendones.

Etymology: < medieval Latin tendo, tendōn-em and tendin-em, apparently < Greek τένων, τενοντ- sinew, tendon, influenced by Latin tendĕre to stretch; so French tendon (16th cent.), also Italian tendone, tendine, Spanish tendon. To Celsus, a.d. 50, τένων was still a Greek word. In Cælius Aurelianus, c400–420, it retains Greek inflections, e.g. accusative plural tenontas; but in Theod. Priscianus has Latin ablative plural tenontibus. In medieval Latin it became tendon or tendo: the latter in Theod. Gaza, tr. Aristotle's Hist. Anim., 1476. The plural occurs as tendones in the translation of Galen by Nicolaus Calaber of Reggio a1350, and there is later evidence that the o was long, tendōnes. Another plural tendines (after ordines, etc.) was used in 16th cent. and later. (I. Bywater.) The β-forms tenon, tenaunt perhaps preserve traces of the Greek forms, confused with other words.

a. A band or cord of dense fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle, by which it is attached to a bone or other part; a sinew: usually applied to such when rounded or cord-like, broad flat tendons being called fasciæ and aponeuroses.tendon of Achilles: see Achilles tendon n. at Achilles n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun]

sinec725

sinewOE

stringc1000

bend1398

nerfa1400

nervea1400

cordc1400

ligamentc1400

ligaturec1400

couple1535

chord?1541

lien?1541

tendon?1541

tendant1614

artery1621

leader1708

ligamentum1713

chorda1807

vinculum1859

Tenon's capsule1868

tendo1874

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. i. f. 1^v/1 Chordes or tendones.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. ii. iv. f. 41^v Nerues, tendons, ligamentes.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 44^v A tendon is the white part in the Muscle beyng hard, thicke, and shynnyng.

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxiv. 526 Small sinewes, and Tendones.

1726 J. Gay in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 59 The surgeon..told him, that his fingers were safe, that there were two nerves cut, but no tendon.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. iv. 149 The radius,..its posterior surface is grooved for the passage of tendons.

β. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Fiv The tenauntes moeuyng the heade and the necke, whiche are .xx. in nombre.?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Fiv The tenaunt muscles and the strynges..that maketh the heade bowe.1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Tendini, as Tendoni, the tennons.1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. 7 There is one mayne tendant or sinewe.1630 J. Taylor Praise Cleane Linnen Ded., in Wks. ii. 166 The Legge..ennamel'd with Sinewes, interwoven with Membranes, intermixt with Tenons, embost with Ankles.1708 London Gaz. No. 4484/1 Convulsive Motions of the Tendents.

b. Entomology. (See quot. 1826.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Lepidoptera or butterflies and moths > [noun] > parts of > frenulum

tendon1826

fraenulum1892

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 381 Tendo (the Tendon), a strong bristle, or bristles observable at the base underneath in the under-wings of many Lepidoptera, which plays in the Hamus of the upper-wings.

c. Engineering. A steel rod or wire that is stretched while in liquid concrete so as to prestress it as it sets.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > rod stretched in concrete

tendon1958

1958 F. S. Merritt Building Constr. Handbk. v. 56 After the concrete has attained sufficient strength, the steel is secured to the anchor plates and the jacks are removed. The tendons will tend to shorten and therefore will put compression in the concrete.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 1078/1 The calculation of the initial tensile force required in the prestressing tendons to produce compressive stresses that will counteract the tensile stresses in the concrete.

1975 F. K. Kong & R. H. Evans Reinforced & Prestressed Concrete ix. 196 In pre-tensioning, the tendons pass through the mould, or moulds for a number of similar members arranged end to end, and are tensioned between external end anchorages, by which the tension is maintained while the concrete is placed.

1981 Sci. Amer. June 45/3 The prestressed-concrete reactor vessel..is kept in compression at all times by a network of redundant, tensioned steel tendons that can be monitored and retensioned or even replaced if necessary.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

tendon cell n.

ΚΠ

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II T[endon] cells or corpuscles, connective tissue cells found in tendons and ligaments, arranged in rows following the course of the fibres.

tendon corpuscle n. See quot.

tendon jerk n. jerk n.¹ 3a.

ΚΠ

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 62 The increased activity of the tendon-jerks is manifested by an excessive jaw-jerk.

tendon muscle n.

ΚΠ

?1541²Tenaunt muscles [see sense aβ. ].

tendon reaction n.

tendon reflex n. reflex n. 6.

ΚΠ

1878 Med. Times & Gaz. 2 Feb. 107 [Erb] applied to it the name ‘tendon-reflex’.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 519 The knee-jerk is sometimes spoken of as a ‘tendon reflex’.

tendon sheath n.

ΚΠ

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 67 Effusion into the tendon sheaths.

tendon thread n.

ΚΠ

1906 Sir F. Treves in Daily Chron. 3 Aug. 3/4 Skins sewn together with a bone needle and a tendon thread.

C2.

tendon organ n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > types of sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun]

master sinewa1400

bridle1578

fraenulum1706

fraenum1741

fundiform ligament1889

tendon organ1923

habena-

1923 V. H. Mottram Man. Histol. vii. 225 Similar apparatus is seen in the Golgi tendon organ.

1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. x. 202 Both the tendon organ and the muscle spindle fire in response to stretch.

tendon spindle n. = spindle n. 4e.

ΚΠ

1896 E. L. Billstein tr. P. Stöhr Text-bk. Histol. ii. 115 The medullated nerves of tendons terminate in part in a close plexus of gray nerve-fibers, and in part in tendon~spindles.

1930 A. A. Maximow & W. Bloom Text-bk. Histol. xiv. 276 Not infrequently, of two branches of the same sensory fiber one supplies a muscle spindle, the other a tendon spindle.

1977 D. P. Winstanley tr. Leonhardt Human Histol. 249 Tendon spindles are situated in the tendon close to its junction with the muscle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tendon
释义	tendonn. Brit. /ˈtɛndən/, U.S. /ˈtɛndən/ Forms: Also β. 1500s tenaunt, tennon, 1600s tenon, tendant, 1700s tendent. plural 1500s–1600s (perhaps Lat.) tendones. Etymology: < medieval Latin tendo, tendōn-em and tendin-em, apparently < Greek τένων, τενοντ- sinew, tendon, influenced by Latin tendĕre to stretch; so French tendon (16th cent.), also Italian tendone, tendine, Spanish tendon. To Celsus, a.d. 50, τένων was still a Greek word. In Cælius Aurelianus, c400–420, it retains Greek inflections, e.g. accusative plural tenontas; but in Theod. Priscianus has Latin ablative plural tenontibus. In medieval Latin it became tendon or tendo: the latter in Theod. Gaza, tr. Aristotle's Hist. Anim., 1476. The plural occurs as tendones in the translation of Galen by Nicolaus Calaber of Reggio a1350, and there is later evidence that the o was long, tendōnes. Another plural tendines (after ordines, etc.) was used in 16th cent. and later. (I. Bywater.) The β-forms tenon, tenaunt perhaps preserve traces of the Greek forms, confused with other words. a. A band or cord of dense fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle, by which it is attached to a bone or other part; a sinew: usually applied to such when rounded or cord-like, broad flat tendons being called fasciæ and aponeuroses.tendon of Achilles: see Achilles tendon n. at Achilles n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun] sinec725 sinewOE stringc1000 bend1398 nerfa1400 nervea1400 cordc1400 ligamentc1400 ligaturec1400 couple1535 chord?1541 lien?1541 tendon?1541 tendant1614 artery1621 leader1708 ligamentum1713 chorda1807 vinculum1859 Tenon's capsule1868 tendo1874 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. i. f. 1^v/1 Chordes or tendones. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. ii. iv. f. 41^v Nerues, tendons, ligamentes. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 44^v A tendon is the white part in the Muscle beyng hard, thicke, and shynnyng. 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxiv. 526 Small sinewes, and Tendones. 1726 J. Gay in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 59 The surgeon..told him, that his fingers were safe, that there were two nerves cut, but no tendon. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. iv. 149 The radius,..its posterior surface is grooved for the passage of tendons. β. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Fiv The tenauntes moeuyng the heade and the necke, whiche are .xx. in nombre.?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Fiv The tenaunt muscles and the strynges..that maketh the heade bowe.1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Tendini, as Tendoni, the tennons.1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vii. 7 There is one mayne tendant or sinewe.1630 J. Taylor Praise Cleane Linnen Ded., in Wks. ii. 166 The Legge..ennamel'd with Sinewes, interwoven with Membranes, intermixt with Tenons, embost with Ankles.1708 London Gaz. No. 4484/1 Convulsive Motions of the Tendents. b. Entomology. (See quot. 1826.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Lepidoptera or butterflies and moths > [noun] > parts of > frenulum tendon1826 fraenulum1892 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. 381 Tendo (the Tendon), a strong bristle, or bristles observable at the base underneath in the under-wings of many Lepidoptera, which plays in the Hamus of the upper-wings. c. Engineering. A steel rod or wire that is stretched while in liquid concrete so as to prestress it as it sets. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > rod stretched in concrete tendon1958 1958 F. S. Merritt Building Constr. Handbk. v. 56 After the concrete has attained sufficient strength, the steel is secured to the anchor plates and the jacks are removed. The tendons will tend to shorten and therefore will put compression in the concrete. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 1078/1 The calculation of the initial tensile force required in the prestressing tendons to produce compressive stresses that will counteract the tensile stresses in the concrete. 1975 F. K. Kong & R. H. Evans Reinforced & Prestressed Concrete ix. 196 In pre-tensioning, the tendons pass through the mould, or moulds for a number of similar members arranged end to end, and are tensioned between external end anchorages, by which the tension is maintained while the concrete is placed. 1981 Sci. Amer. June 45/3 The prestressed-concrete reactor vessel..is kept in compression at all times by a network of redundant, tensioned steel tendons that can be monitored and retensioned or even replaced if necessary. Compounds C1. General attributive. tendon cell n. ΚΠ 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II T[endon] cells or corpuscles, connective tissue cells found in tendons and ligaments, arranged in rows following the course of the fibres. tendon corpuscle n. See quot. tendon jerk n. jerk n.¹ 3a. ΚΠ 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 62 The increased activity of the tendon-jerks is manifested by an excessive jaw-jerk. tendon muscle n. ΚΠ ?1541²Tenaunt muscles [see sense aβ. ]. tendon reaction n. tendon reflex n. reflex n. 6. ΚΠ 1878 Med. Times & Gaz. 2 Feb. 107 [Erb] applied to it the name ‘tendon-reflex’. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 519 The knee-jerk is sometimes spoken of as a ‘tendon reflex’. tendon sheath n. ΚΠ 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 67 Effusion into the tendon sheaths. tendon thread n. ΚΠ 1906 Sir F. Treves in Daily Chron. 3 Aug. 3/4 Skins sewn together with a bone needle and a tendon thread. C2. tendon organ n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > sinew, tendon, or ligament > types of sinew, tendon, or ligament > [noun] master sinewa1400 bridle1578 fraenulum1706 fraenum1741 fundiform ligament1889 tendon organ1923 habena- 1923 V. H. Mottram Man. Histol. vii. 225 Similar apparatus is seen in the Golgi tendon organ. 1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. x. 202 Both the tendon organ and the muscle spindle fire in response to stretch. tendon spindle n. = spindle n. 4e. ΚΠ 1896 E. L. Billstein tr. P. Stöhr Text-bk. Histol. ii. 115 The medullated nerves of tendons terminate in part in a close plexus of gray nerve-fibers, and in part in tendon~spindles. 1930 A. A. Maximow & W. Bloom Text-bk. Histol. xiv. 276 Not infrequently, of two branches of the same sensory fiber one supplies a muscle spindle, the other a tendon spindle. 1977 D. P. Winstanley tr. Leonhardt Human Histol. 249 Tendon spindles are situated in the tendon close to its junction with the muscle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1541
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