| 单词 | the state of nature |
| 释义 | > as lemmasthe (also a) state of nature Phrases P1. of (also †in) (a certain) nature: of a (also the) type, character, etc., specified. Cf. sense 8a.In quots. c1426 and a1500: spec. of the specified family or birth. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > in respect of kind [phrase] > as opposed to individually of a (certain) sortc1380 of (also in) (a certain) naturec1390 in specie1562 in a‥style1772 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > quality of being (a) criminal > degree of criminality in (a certain) nature1625 degreea1676 c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 461 We ben alle of o fader and of o moder, and alle we ben of o nature [v.r. mater], roten and corrupt. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 191 (MED) A Babe is borne of hye natewre, A Prynce of pese. 1494 Loutfut MS f. 34v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Natur(e That he wes of gud wil and of a gud natur. a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 2656 ‘We are broderen,’ quod he, ‘of on nature’. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cciiijv [He was] a man of..verey milde nature. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 377 Your capacitie Is of that nature, that to your hudge stoore, Wise thinges seeme foolish. View more context for this quotation 1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 29 Sacriledge, and many other sinnes of a high nature. 1642 J. March Argument Militia 22 Delinquents in a high nature, against Parliament. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iv. §10 Who may in a matter of this nature..be the more credited. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 1. ¶1 With other Particulars of the like nature. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. 21 A plan of this nature. 1784 E. Allen Reason xi. §1. 360 Nothing could more fully evince, that Moses's innocent progenitors of mankind..were of a similar nature to our's, than their susceptibility of propagating the species. 1818 R. Whately Misc. Remains (1864) 25 The sentiment we feel towards him is of a different nature. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 82 To bring a charge..of such a nature as should fall within this penalty. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 189 The most barren logical abstraction is of a higher nature than number and figure. 1906 T. P. Ollason Spindrift 53 Anidder fower ooks o' a laek naeter wid fairleens hae her feenished. 1961 G. F. Kennan Russia & West xv. 212 They themselves, in fact, had independently suggested something of this nature. 1992 Numismatist Mar. 304/3 Comments of this nature are..uttered only by those who know little or nothing about this coinage. P2. against (also contrary to) nature and variants. a. Esp. with reference to sexual behaviour: contrary to what nature prompts in human beings; unnatural, immoral. Now rare.Nature is here taken in the sense of a guiding moral principle, rather than in the sense of fallible human nature (cf. sense 5a). ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > [adverb] > immorally or unethically > in a manner departing from moral order > and unnaturally against (also contrary to) naturec1390 unnaturally1470 c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2776 No thyng that may falle vn to a man is so muchel ageyns nature as a man to encresse his owene profit to the harm of another man. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) iii. 67 A dispaire, that is contrair to nature. a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 270 Off syn also into the haly spreit,..of syn aganis natour. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 3308 in Wks. (1931) I. 297 Thus leuit he contynualye Agane nature inordinatlye. 1611 Bible (King James) Rom. i. 26 Euen their women did change the naturall vse into that which is against nature . View more context for this quotation a1631 J. Donne Βιαθανατος (1647) i. i. §7 All sinne is very truely said to be against nature. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 81 They are wholly given up to all licentiousness, even to sins against Nature. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 74 These Men were too wicked,..they did not only act against Conscience, but against Nature; they put a Rape upon their Temper to drown the Reflections, which their Circumstances..gave them. 1747 B. Franklin Writings (1987) 307 What Numbers of procur'd Abortions! and how many distress'd Mothers have been driven,..to imbrue, contrary to Nature, their own trembling Hands in the Blood of their helpless Offspring! 1860 J. Abbott Amer. Hist. I. x. 287 Thus the amalgamation of the Indian race with the Caucasian race..would have been against nature, and the instinctive principle,..which both races were accordingly bound to obey. 1912 J. Conrad Secret Sharer ii, in 'Twixt Land & Sea 150 And to find him sitting so quietly was surprising, like something against nature, inhuman. 1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male viii. 264 Perversions are defined as unnatural acts, acts contrary to nature, bestial, abominable, and detestable. b. Not according to nature; contravening the accepted or observed laws of nature; outside the natural course of events. In early use occasionally also: unnaturally. ΚΠ c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1345 That swich a monstre or merueille myghte be, It is agayns the proces of nature.] ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 3 (MED) Yt by-houeþ þat he knowe þynges agayns nature. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 157 Nero said vnto þaim, ‘Make ye me to be with child..’And þai ansswerd..þat it was not possible, þat was contrarie vnto natur. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 100 (MED) Thys Eolus hath oft Made me to retourne my course agayn nature. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. xi. 24 Yf thou waste..graffed contrary to nature in a true olyve tree. 1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 210 It war aganis bayth natur and gud ressoun That Dewlbeiris bairnis wer trew. 1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 87 Sa the flude Jordan ran contrare nature bakuart. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. iv. 88 It finally in the time of Summer overfloweth Egypt, which seemeth against nature. 1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature iv. 82 That which thwarts this Order [of Nature] may be said to be Preternatural, or contrary to Nature. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §29. 26 Experience shews that it doth not appear behind at the Point Z, and it were contrary to Nature that it shou'd; since all the Impression which affects the Sense comes from towards A. 1780 Mirror No. 92 (1781) 3 155 All those sins against nature and simplicity, which artists of inferior merit are glad to practise. 1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) xii. 302 Thus is art vilified; the name conveys to the mind its secondary and bad senses; it stands in the imagination, as somewhat contrary to nature, and struck with death from the first. 1877 H. James American xxii. 402 But for all he [sc. the medical gentleman] could do Mr. Valentin and Mademoiselle heard something; they knew their father's death was somehow against nature. 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xix. 292 There was something against nature in the man's craven impudence;..such a dastard, implied unchangeable resolve, a great pressure of necessity, and powerful means. 1915 C. P. Gilman Herland in Forerunner Dec. 321/2 ‘But—but—it seems so against nature!’ she said. 1988 New Yorker 7 Nov. 145/1 Many baseball fans here who consider that a subway Series should be a matter of national jubilation acted as if this year's all-California series..were against nature. P3. by (also †of, †on) nature: by virtue of the character or essence of a thing or person; inherently, innately.In some cases with admixture of sense 5 or (esp. in the context of natural phenomena) sense 11. ΚΠ a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) i. 113 Now was this Ector pitous of nature. ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 641 (MED) Wyn off nature makith hertes liht. a1450 Dis. Women (Douce) in Proc. Royal Soc. Med. (1916) 9 37 (MED) Whomen ben more febull and colde be nature þan men. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 112 Eftir respyt To wirk dispyt Moir appetyt He hes of natour. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Gal. ii. 15 We which are Jewes by nature and not synners off the gentyls. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxix. 152 The gulfe Saxonique of nature beset and enuironed with high mountaines. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 30692 Force is to thame on nature to be fals. 1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 34 The Oke by nature broad. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 527 He..ordaind thy will By nature free, not over-rul'd by Fate. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 134 In a place, by Nature closs, they build A narrow Flooring. View more context for this quotation 1706 S. Clarke Let. to Mr. Dodwell 10 That the Soul is by Nature Immortal, and must be mortalized by the Omnipotence of God, if ever it perish. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. i. 3 I was by nature an admirer of happy human faces. 1795 A. Hughes Jemima I. 83 You are a Paisley by nature as well as by birth, and incapable of becoming a worthy metropolitan. 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV lii. 31 Adeline was liberal by Nature. 1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks iii. i. 141 Asia Minor..was by nature one of the most beautiful..of countries. 1881 H. W. Chandler Greek Accent. (ed. 2) §11 No word with a final syllable long by nature can be proparoxytone or properispomenon. 1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey I. i. 1 Political by birth rather than by nature. 1935 W. de la Mare Early One Morning 268 If he is not by nature a fainter he may pore over the blood. 1986 P. B. Clarke Black Paradise i. 20 This recalls the Aristotelian view that some people are slaves by nature. P4. a. of (also in) the nature of: of the type, form, or character of; similar to, like; equivalent to, classifiable as. ΚΠ ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 95v Þai [sc. haemorrhoids] be take away litel by litel wiþ swete or soft corrosyuez, as beþ þo þat ar of þe nature of salt as sal gemme. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 266 All metallis..is of the nature of colouris. 1499 Contempl. Synners (de Worde) sig. Piii Solace shall be sure Not of the nature of worldly varyaunce. 1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 100 (margin) A good cooke is in the nature of a good phisitian. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 315 A peace is of the nature of a conquest. View more context for this quotation 1669 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 457 A rich gold campane, which is in the nature of a fringe. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. Introd. p. i That the slightest possible Presumption, is of the nature of a Probability, appears from hence. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. Ded. p. iv Your Desires are to me in the Nature of Commands. 1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1085 A Quo warranto being in the nature of a writ of right. 1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) iv. 217 The earthquake is really of the nature of a wave. 1937 J. Marquand Thank you, Mr. Moto iv. 28 I'd put him above the old Marshall of Manchuria for brains, which is in the nature of a compliment. 1961 L. MacNeice Solstices 63 With single tickets only, Our journey still in the nature of a surprise. 1998 E. Field Frieze for Temple of Love 180 Any poet turning out human Is in the nature of a miracle. ΚΠ c1475 Wisdom (Folger) (1969) 110 (MED) Euery creature..Was in natur of þe fyrst man, Adame, Off hym takynge þe fylthe of synne orygynall. a1525 Bk. Chess l. 2168 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 151 He gois blak in natur of ye quene. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxix. 205 Religion being vsed mostwhat contemplatiue, and in nature of opinion. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor ii. iv. 225 The Heriot was, what the Eorle or Thane paid his Lord..in nature of a Relief. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 170 Drawes those heauen-mouing pearles fro his poor eies, Which heauen shall take in nature of a fee. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 497 A Maid, living..with her Sisters, to whom she was in nature of a Servant. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 306 The Water..forces it self in nature of a Syphon up to the highest Clifts. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Nature This writ is in nature of a procedendo. P5. a. debt to (also of) nature (also †nature's debt) [compare classical Latin dēbitum nātūrae] : the necessity of dying, death; to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) nature [compare classical Latin dēbitum nātūrae reddere, persolvere] : to die. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] hensithOE qualmOE bale-sithea1000 endingc1000 fallOE forthsitheOE soulingOE life's endOE deathOE hethensithc1200 last end?c1225 forthfarec1275 dying1297 finec1300 partingc1300 endc1305 deceasec1330 departc1330 starving1340 passingc1350 latter enda1382 obita1382 perishingc1384 carrion1387 departing1388 finishmentc1400 trespassement14.. passing forthc1410 sesse1417 cess1419 fininga1425 resolutiona1425 departisona1450 passagea1450 departmentc1450 consummation?a1475 dormition1483 debt to (also of) naturea1513 dissolutionc1522 expirationa1530 funeral?a1534 change1543 departure1558 last change1574 transmigration1576 dissolving1577 shaking of the sheets?1577 departance1579 deceasure1580 mortality1582 deceasing1591 waftage1592 launching1599 quietus1603 doom1609 expire1612 expiring1612 period1613 defunctiona1616 Lethea1616 fail1623 dismissiona1631 set1635 passa1645 disanimation1646 suffering1651 abition1656 Passovera1662 latter (last) end1670 finis1682 exitus1706 perch1722 demission1735 demise1753 translation1760 transit1764 dropping1768 expiry1790 departal1823 finish1826 homegoing1866 the last (also final, great) round-up1879 snuffing1922 fade-out1924 thirty1929 appointment in Samarra1934 dirt nap1981 big chill1987 the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] forsweltc888 sweltc888 adeadeOE deadc950 wendeOE i-wite971 starveOE witea1000 forfereOE forthfareOE forworthc1000 to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE queleOE fallOE to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 diec1135 endc1175 farec1175 to give up the ghostc1175 letc1200 aswelta1250 leavea1250 to-sweltc1275 to-worthc1275 to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290 finea1300 spilla1300 part?1316 to leese one's life-daysa1325 to nim the way of deathc1325 to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330 flit1340 trance1340 determinec1374 disperisha1382 to go the way of all the eartha1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 miscarryc1387 shut1390 goa1393 to die upa1400 expirea1400 fleea1400 to pass awaya1400 to seek out of lifea1400–50 to sye hethena1400 tinea1400 trespass14.. espirec1430 to end one's days?a1439 decease1439 to go away?a1450 ungoc1450 unlivec1450 to change one's lifea1470 vade1495 depart1501 to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513 to decease this world1515 to go over?1520 jet1530 vade1530 to go westa1532 to pick over the perch1532 galpa1535 to die the death1535 to depart to God1548 to go home1561 mort1568 inlaikc1575 shuffle1576 finish1578 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 relent1587 unbreathe1589 transpass1592 to lose one's breath1596 to make a die (of it)1611 to go offa1616 fail1623 to go out1635 to peak over the percha1641 exita1652 drop1654 to knock offa1657 to kick upa1658 to pay nature her due1657 ghost1666 to march off1693 to die off1697 pike1697 to drop off1699 tip (over) the perch1699 to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703 sink1718 vent1718 to launch into eternity1719 to join the majority1721 demise1727 to pack off1735 to slip one's cable1751 turf1763 to move off1764 to pop off the hooks1764 to hop off1797 to pass on1805 to go to glory1814 sough1816 to hand in one's accounts1817 to slip one's breatha1819 croak1819 to slip one's wind1819 stiffen1820 weed1824 buy1825 to drop short1826 to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839 to get one's (also the) call1839 to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840 to unreeve one's lifeline1840 to step out1844 to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845 to hand in one's checks1845 to go off the handle1848 to go under1848 succumb1849 to turn one's toes up1851 to peg out1852 walk1858 snuff1864 to go or be up the flume1865 to pass outc1867 to cash in one's chips1870 to go (also pass over) to the majority1883 to cash in1884 to cop it1884 snuff1885 to belly up1886 perch1886 to kick the bucket1889 off1890 to knock over1892 to pass over1897 to stop one1901 to pass in1904 to hand in one's marble1911 the silver cord is loosed1911 pip1913 to cross over1915 conk1917 to check out1921 to kick off1921 to pack up1925 to step off1926 to take the ferry1928 peg1931 to meet one's Maker1933 to kiss off1935 to crease it1959 zonk1968 cark1977 to cark it1979 to take a dirt nap1981 c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 2 And his deþes dette ȝelde. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 209 Hym worthit neyd to pay the det That na man for till pay may let.] a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. xli. f. xv Fynally he payde the dette of nature. a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. I2 Pay natures debt with cheerefull countenance. 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. xiii. 113 The slender debt to Nature's quickly payd. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. lii. 265 He had paid his great Debt to Nature, without taking Notice of the small one due to me. 1812 Examiner 23 Nov. 747/1 One of them has..paid the debt of nature. 1840 E. Stirling Fortunes of Smike ii. iv. 34 Both your debts are paid in the one great debt of nature, in the sudden death of this helpless girl's father. a1909 A. Bierce Coll. Wks. (1909) IV. 134 Sometimes fifty souls would pay The debt of nature in a day. 1927 Sci. Monthly Jan. 36 The old prof stubbornly held on and refused to pay his debt to nature. 1967 Eng. Lit. Hist. 34 470 Both she and ‘her glad husband’ must someday pay their debt to nature's law. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] forsweltc888 sweltc888 adeadeOE deadc950 wendeOE i-wite971 starveOE witea1000 forfereOE forthfareOE forworthc1000 to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE queleOE fallOE to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 diec1135 endc1175 farec1175 to give up the ghostc1175 letc1200 aswelta1250 leavea1250 to-sweltc1275 to-worthc1275 to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290 finea1300 spilla1300 part?1316 to leese one's life-daysa1325 to nim the way of deathc1325 to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330 flit1340 trance1340 determinec1374 disperisha1382 to go the way of all the eartha1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 miscarryc1387 shut1390 goa1393 to die upa1400 expirea1400 fleea1400 to pass awaya1400 to seek out of lifea1400–50 to sye hethena1400 tinea1400 trespass14.. espirec1430 to end one's days?a1439 decease1439 to go away?a1450 ungoc1450 unlivec1450 to change one's lifea1470 vade1495 depart1501 to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513 to decease this world1515 to go over?1520 jet1530 vade1530 to go westa1532 to pick over the perch1532 galpa1535 to die the death1535 to depart to God1548 to go home1561 mort1568 inlaikc1575 shuffle1576 finish1578 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 relent1587 unbreathe1589 transpass1592 to lose one's breath1596 to make a die (of it)1611 to go offa1616 fail1623 to go out1635 to peak over the percha1641 exita1652 drop1654 to knock offa1657 to kick upa1658 to pay nature her due1657 ghost1666 to march off1693 to die off1697 pike1697 to drop off1699 tip (over) the perch1699 to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703 sink1718 vent1718 to launch into eternity1719 to join the majority1721 demise1727 to pack off1735 to slip one's cable1751 turf1763 to move off1764 to pop off the hooks1764 to hop off1797 to pass on1805 to go to glory1814 sough1816 to hand in one's accounts1817 to slip one's breatha1819 croak1819 to slip one's wind1819 stiffen1820 weed1824 buy1825 to drop short1826 to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839 to get one's (also the) call1839 to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840 to unreeve one's lifeline1840 to step out1844 to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845 to hand in one's checks1845 to go off the handle1848 to go under1848 succumb1849 to turn one's toes up1851 to peg out1852 walk1858 snuff1864 to go or be up the flume1865 to pass outc1867 to cash in one's chips1870 to go (also pass over) to the majority1883 to cash in1884 to cop it1884 snuff1885 to belly up1886 perch1886 to kick the bucket1889 off1890 to knock over1892 to pass over1897 to stop one1901 to pass in1904 to hand in one's marble1911 the silver cord is loosed1911 pip1913 to cross over1915 conk1917 to check out1921 to kick off1921 to pack up1925 to step off1926 to take the ferry1928 peg1931 to meet one's Maker1933 to kiss off1935 to crease it1959 zonk1968 cark1977 to cark it1979 to take a dirt nap1981 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 10 Our stomacks told us, it was full high time to pay Nature her due. 1661 Princess Cloria 13 He willingly paid nature her due, and changed his inconstant habitation here, for a perpetual one hereafter. P6. the (also a) state of nature. ΘΚΠ society > morality > [noun] > not > state of nature as opposed to morality the (also a) state of nature1534 naturality1619 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [noun] > immoral state natural to man naturea1500 the (also a) state of nature1534 naturality1619 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. D.8 That thou recede not from the state of nature, it is no thynge varyaunt fro the dignyte of a wyse man. 1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 8 The Difference between a state of Nature, and a state of Grace. 1793 T. Jefferson Public Papers 432 This obligation then is as necessary as it is natural & indubitable, among nations who live together in a state of nature, & who acknolege no superior on earth, to maintain order & peace in their society. 1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel ix. 561 It is man's own fault, if..he remain in, or apostatise into, a state of nature. b. The condition in which human beings exist, or are imagined to exist, in the absence of laws or regulatory social structures. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun] barbarousness1549 Barbary1564 barbarity1570 barbarism1584 incivility1584 uncivility1598 wildness1639 ferity1646 the (also a) state of nature1650 savagism1665 savagery1782 semi-barbarism1817 barbarization1822 incivilization1823 semibarbarianism1828 savagedom1844 barbarianism1854 uncivilizedness1879 uncivilization1880 bruteness1883 semi-savagedom1887 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun] > condition of man before organized society the (also a) state of nature1650 uncivilization1880 1650 T. Hobbes De Corpore Politico 7 Inresistable Might in the state of Nature, is Right. 1672 J. Eachard (title) Mr Hobb's state of nature considered; in a dialogue between Philautus and Timothy. 1689 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. ii. ⁋6 The state of Nature has a Law of Nature to govern it. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature vii. 152 He who is a member of a society in other respects retains his natural liberty, is still as it were in a state of nature. 1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. ii. 65 [They] extend their reasoning to the suppos'd state of nature; provided they allow it to be a mere philosophical fiction, which never had, and never cou'd have any reality. 1779–81 S. Johnson Lives Eng. Poets in Wks. IV. 73 Society, politically regulated, is a state contra-distinguished from a state of nature. 1817 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 326 It will perhaps be found that all countries in a state of nature are liable to this disease. 1891 Dict. National Biogr. XXVII. 43/2 Virtually he argues that states have been formed as the only alternative to the state of nature, or, on his showing, to anarchy and barbarism. 1950 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 44 769 One cannot understand the doctrine of the state of nature, if one does not consider its relation to Biblical history. 1993 R. Rucker et al. Mondo 2000 (U.K. ed.) 248/1 Fleeing from hideous ‘benefits’ of Imperialism such as slavery, serfdom, racism, and intolerance..the Buccaneers..reverted to the state of Nature. c. A state unaffected by human intervention; spec. (with reference to plants or animals) a wild condition that is not the result of cultivation, breeding, or rearing; (with reference to minerals or land) an uncultivated, unworked, or undeveloped state. ΘΚΠ the world > life > [noun] > undomesticated condition the (also a) state of nature1798 the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > uncultivated condition [phrase] the (also a) state of nature1798 the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > undomesticated > state or condition wildshipc1275 wildnessc1440 untamedness1592 the (also a) state of nature1798 untameness1871 ferality1885 1798 T. Jefferson Let. 24 June in Writings (1984) 1051 The circumstances of the old world have, beyond the records of history, been such as admitted not that animal to exist in a state of nature. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 245 Wasteness admits of various degrees. Some land in a state of nature may be worth ten or even fifteen shillings an acre of yearly rent; while other land is not worth so many farthings. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 184/1 The true civet..is found in a state of nature in most parts of Africa. 1861 C. Darwin Origin of Species (ed. 3) ii. 46 It may..be doubted whether..great deviations of structure..are ever permanently propagated in a state of nature. 1882 A. Geikie Geol. Sketches 377 The feral ground, or territory left in a state of nature and given up to game, lies mostly upon rocks. 1911 Summary Rep. Geol. Surv. Br. Dept. Mines 1910 (Canada) 257 This is the first instance in which this salt has been recorded as occurring in a state of nature. 1941 R. Headstrom Adventures with Microscope xxviii. 100 The yeasts which are regularly employed in brewing and baking are usually termed ‘domesticated’ or cultivated, to distinguish them from those in a state of nature. 1977 T. Murphy Famine v. 55 You talk about new continents, land to be reclaimed, and not a farthing to clear a stick or a stone off all the land that lies about ye here in a state of nature. 1996 Total Sport July 121/1 Moorlands Farm, here for fisherfolk only, not a natural state of nature at all, is liberally stocked with..fish. d. A state of bodily nakedness. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > nakedness or state of being unclothed > [noun] nakedOE nakedOE nakednessOE nakedheadc1330 nudity1611 the (also a) state of nature1802 nudeness1848 in the nude1856 clotheslessness1883 1802 C. Wilmot Irish Peer on Continent (1920) 23 My first impression was amazement, at beholding the women from 15 to 70 almost in a state of nature. 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker v. 71 The fat model..sat at the far end of the studio in a state of nature, with one arm gallantly arched above her head. 1944 I. Singh Gondwana & Gonds ii. 22 The Marias formerly roamed about in a state of nature and then..adopted leaves and barks as their garments. 1978 Lancashire Life Oct. 99/1 The tree in pagan times had been the scene of fertility rites when the early natives had frolicked in a state of nature. 1999 Birmingham Post 28 Aug. Foreign News 57 Brighton agreed to cater for a growing number of people who prefer to enjoy nature in a state of nature, by setting aside part of its famous beach for nudists. P7. a. in the nature of things: in accordance with nature; (in later use also more widely) given the circumstances or state of affairs; spec. inevitably given these circumstances. ΚΠ 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft iii. xix. 71 It were follie to staie ouerlong in the confutation of that, which is not in the nature of things. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 523 There are in the nature of things certaine Sympathies and Antipathies. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxii. 132 What..occasions Men to make several Combinations of simple Ideas into distinct..setled Modes, and neglect others; which in the Nature of Things themselves, have as much an aptness to be combined, and make distinct Ideas. 1747 B. Franklin Speech Polly Baker 15 Apr. in Papers (1961) III. 124 Can it be a Crime (in the Nature of Things I mean) to add to the Number of the King's Subjects, in a new Country that really wants People? 1854 T. B. Macaulay Biogr. (1860) 138 It was not in the nature of things that popularity such as he..enjoyed should be permanent. 1881 Philadelphia Rec. No. 3428. 2 It is not..in the nature of things that a rooster in the Legislature should quietly submit to be lectured by a rooster outside of the legislature. 1955 L. P. Hartley Perfect Woman (1959) 38 His relations with his clients were also cut and dried: very little personal feeling could, in the nature of things, come into them. 1987 M. H. Short & G. N. Leech Style in Fiction §3.1 75/80 The section on figures of speech, in the nature of things, deals with stylistic features which cannot be precisely quantified. b. in the nature of the case: = in the nature of things at Phrases 7a. ΚΠ 1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Rom. ii. 13 It is, in the nature of the case, probable that [etc.]. a1832 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. Pref. to ed. 2, in Wks. (1843) I. 249/2 Of the drift of my book, and the sort of sensation it had made, it is not in the nature of the case he should have been ignorant. 1935 H. H. Farmer World & God i. ix. 158 Our interest is in the Christian experience of God as personal, which in the nature of the case must be self-authenticating. 1991 Financial Times (Nexis) 19 Jan. i. 9 It [sc. Vatican doctrine on war] is always, in the nature of the case, the product of a Christian community. P8. in nature. a. In actual fact, in reality, in truth. Now rare except with a more direct allusion to sense 11. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adverb] in truthc1330 in faitha1375 in good faitha1393 in casea1398 in effectc1405 indeed1412 effectually1420 actually?a1425 really?a1425 of a truth1494 bottom1531 for a truth?1532 in fact1592 authentically1593 in esse1597 de facto1602 essentially1604 in nature1605 in point of fact1628 positively1649 in point of event1650 effectively1652 honestly1675 entally1691 reely1792 objectively1796 fairlyc1804 in actual fact1824 factually1852 naturally1858 transactionally1866 'smatter of fact1922 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > in reality in substancea1393 indeed1412 in realitya1513 in nature1605 solidly1625 under the skin (also skins)1896 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Eee2 There are in Nature certaine fountaines of Iustice, whence all Ciuil Lawes are deriued, but as streames. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 442 [To] equal what between us made the odds, In Nature none. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxix. 169 By real Ideas, I mean such as have a Foundation in Nature; such as have a Conformity..with their Archetypes. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §14. 8 Secondly, The Truth..to any one that considers those Lines and Angles have no real Existence in Nature, being only an Hypothesis fram'd by Mathematicians. 1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. iii. 300 Secondly,..that the common distinction betwixt moral and physical necessity is without any foundation in nature. 1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life viii. ii. 288 There is really, in nature, such a thing as high life. 1971 R. Fisher Cut Pages 35 Yes. Those are the steps. Down around the outside of the curved wall. No, it's not in nature; you're right. 1984 A. Waldman Makeup on Empty Space 72 You are new person when surrounded by something You never saw before in nature: diction—how stretches Are punctuated by a fold, a dot of green held in brackets By the altitude. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > [adverb] > anywhere owhereeOE ouerwherea1400 anywhere1447 in nature1661 anywheres1775 anyplace1819 1661 A. Wood Life 3 May All seniors..did look upon him, as the most impudent fellow in nature. 1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode i. i. 7 With all this, she's the greatest Gossip in Nature. 1708 C. Cibber Lady's Last Stake iv. 49 And what Effect had that? O! none in Nature! 1770 S. Foote Lame Lover i. 18 An engagement that can't in nature be missed. 1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. ii. 21 It..is 1 of the curusest things in nater. P9. from nature [compare from prep. 13b] : (esp. of a drawing or painting) copied from an actual model, esp. a landscape. ΚΠ 1786 J. Woodforde Diary 4 Mar. (1926) II. 229 The Picture was drawn from Nature from some Forest near London. 1853 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice II. vi. 185 A large body of English landscapists come into this class, including most clever sketchers from nature. 1866 A. Trollope Claverings xxviii If he [sc. the novelist] attempt to paint from Nature, how little that is heroic should he describe! 1941 Horizon May 349 The painters of the Euston Road school resemble each other in that they all paint almost entirely from nature. 1991 Artist Nov. 48/3 The contents include chapters on sketching from nature, perspective, the outdoor kit, [etc.] P10. Chiefly U.S. colloquial. all nature: everything, everyone, all creation (cf. for all the world at world n. Phrases 8a). Occasionally also like all nature: = like anything at anything pron., n., and adv. Phrases 6. ΚΠ 1819 Massachusetts Spy 3 Nov. 3/1 Father and I have just returned from the balloon—all nature was there, and more too. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan II. 93 Hurra for you—that beats all nater! 1840 C. F. Hoffman Greyslaer II. iii. xiv. 254 The poor critter would have been sucked under, smashed on the rocky bottom, and dragged off like all natur. 1878 Mrs. Stowe in Atlantic Monthly Oct. 472/2 Cuff would prance round..and seem to think he..had the charge of all natur'. 1892 J. C. Duval Early Times in Texas vi. 82 ‘Well, I declar, boys,’ said he, ‘ef this don't beat all natur.’ 1970 Harper's Mag. Apr. 80/1 A gallon, bygod, and you'll get yourself in accord with all nature. 1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger xx. 154 A demon of a current settin' to eastward, an' out of all nature strong. P11. one of nature's ——: a person possessing by nature (or, in extended use, by temperament) the attributes viewed as characteristic of the type of person specified.Generally in sense 10, but passing into sense 7b. ΚΠ 1839 H. Miller Mem. W. Forsyth xii. 122 He was one of nature's noblemen; and the sincere homage of the better feelings is an honour reserved exclusively to the order to which he belonged. a1882 A. Trollope Autobiogr. (1883) I. iii. 53 If I say that a judge should be a gentleman..I am met with a scornful allusion to ‘Nature's Gentlemen’. 1898 A. J. Munby Diary 26 Mar. in D. Hudson Munby (1972) 423 A splendid woman, full of rustic health & vigour, & one of Nature's ladies. 1929 A. Huxley Let. 9 May (1969) 311 Now..I can write a letter. It will be a poor return for all yours, because I am not one of nature's letter-writers. 1969 L. Durrell Spirit of Place 19 He was one of nature's lobbyers—a tireless and relentless fellow. 1986 Auckland Metro Feb. 45/1 The chivalrous Sir Kenneth..is regarded both in business and Eastern suburbs..as one of nature's gentlemen. P12. back-to-nature: see back-to-nature adj.; course of nature: see course n. 15a; the law of nature, nature's law: see law n.1 9c, 17a; light of nature: see light n.1 7a; return to nature: see return to nature n. at return n. Phrases 4 and to return to nature at return v.1 Phrases 2. < as lemmas |
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