terrorismn.

Brit.

/ˈtɛrərɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French terrorisme.

Etymology: < French terrorisme system of the ‘Terror’ (see terror n. 3) during the French Revolution (1794), violent measures taken in order to come to political power or to maintain a government (1795), (in extended use) intolerant attitude of the partisans of certain ideologies (a1828) < classical Latin terror terror n. + French -isme -ism suffix. Compare Spanish terrorismo (1799), Italian terrorismo (1794), German Terrorismus (1796), all originally after French. Compare slightly earlier terrorist n.

1. Government by intimidation as directed and carried out by the party in power in France during the Revolution of 1789–94; the system of the ‘Terror’ (1793–4): see terror n. 3. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > reign of terror

reign of terror1784

terrorism1795

terror1798

White Terror1805

Red Terror1864

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in France

reign of terror1784

ancient regime1792

ancien régime1794

terrorism1795

First Republic1800

White Terror1805

restoration1815

consulate1845

Red Terror1864

commune1871

marshalate1874

1795 T. Paine Speech in Convention in Diss. First-princ. Govt. 39 During the reign of terrorism, I was a close prisoner for eight long months.

1800 Ann. Reg. 1795 Hist. Europe 112/2 It would..renew the reign of terrorism, and fill France with proscriptions and massacres.

1817 Lady Morgan France viii. 215 The Comte de Segur..was obliged to remain abroad during the whole reign of terrorism.

1861 G. Smith Irish Hist. 85 Like..the terrorism of the Jacobins..it [sc. Ultramontanism] was a moral epidemic produced by the accidents of a particular crisis in history.

1920 J. Husslein Democratic Industry xvii. 166 The terrorism of the French Revolution can almost find its counterpart in some of the more recent excesses of Bolshevism.

1959 C. B. Hoover Econ., Liberty, & State iv. 114 He [sc. Tallien] took a leading role in bringing about the execution of Robespierre..and thus brought the terrorism of the French Revolution to an eventual end.

1998 P. L. R. Higonnet Goodness beyond Virtue i. 69 Jacobin terrorism of the year II was without historical precedent.

a. gen. The unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims; (originally) such practices used by a government or ruling group (frequently through paramilitary or informal armed groups) in order to maintain its control over a population; (now usually) such practices used by a clandestine or expatriate organization as a means of furthering its aims. Cf. terrorist n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > terrorism > [noun]

terrorism1796

terror1864

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [noun] > one who or that which terrifies > terrorism

terrorism1796

terrorization1869

Schrecklichkeit1917

1796 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. II 17 John Thelwall..pointed out the defects of all the ancient governments of Greece, Rome, Old France, &c.; and the causes of rebellion, insurrection, regeneration of governments, terrorism, massacres, or revolutionary murders.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxx. 155 Hippias..could not but be sensible that this system of terrorism was full of peril to himself.

1899 F. H. Skrine & E. D. Ross Heart of Asia i. xxviii. 208 Under this cruel and hypocritical bigot Bokhārā..succumbed to a terrorism such as that which sapped the power of Spain.

1936 W. H. S. Smith Let. 27 July in Young Man's Country (1977) ii. 19 The Constitutional League [of India], whose main purpose is to rouse public opinion against terrorism.

1940 W. S. Churchill Into Battle (1941) 169 In German-occupied Poland the most hideous form of terrorism prevails.

1957 L. Durrell Bitter Lemons 243 He [sc. Makarios] was the only brake to terrorism and the only person who could curb it.

1989 R. Graef Talking Blues Introd. 17 In Northern Ireland two decades of terrorism have produced battle fatigue in the RUC.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 18 Feb. a23/5 Terrorism has no place in Islamic doctrine.

b. In extended or weakened use: the instilling of fear or terror; intimidation, coercion, bullying.

ΚΠ

1830 W. Taylor Hist. Surv. German Poetry III. x. 453 German writers..delight especially in a marvellous and almost grotesque terrorism of fable.

1854 G. J. Adler Lett. of Lunatic v. 28 This terrorism by which the University (and certain societies) have carried on their nefarious business of subjugation.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. ix. 260 How can these trade societies exercise the influence they do..?.. It would..appear, that social terrorism is the source of their power.

1920 Proc. Acad. Polit. Sci. City N.Y. 8 136 The campaign of terrorism and affrightment of investors.

1977 New Yorker 24 Oct. 35/1 Last week's manifestations of political terrorism were crowded off the front pages..by more upbeat occurrences.

2004 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 25 Apr. (Extra section) 83 The inability of teachers to stop this schoolyard terrorism.

Compounds

General attributive, as terrorism case, terrorism expert, terrorism insurance, terrorism suspect, etc.

ΚΠ

1922 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 1 June 20/1 After they clean up the terrorism cases, prosecution of thousands of other cases pending in the courts will start.

1935 Chicago Tribune 1 Mar. 1/2 Twenty-eight terrorism suspects, arrested in coal strike, lose court fight for freedom.

1979 Observer 2 Sept. 12/7 British and Irish security forces should establish a 15-mile ‘security zone’.., a top terrorism expert said yesterday.

1998 B. Hoffman in D. J. Whittaker Terrorism Reader (2002) v. 68 In 1996..the US State Department designated seven countries as terrorism sponsors.

2002 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) 23 Apr. 65/1 It may do nothing to encourage national governments to take up the cause of helping with the provision of terrorism insurance.

2010 N.Y. Mag. 29 Mar. 12/4 The recent arrests of two blonde American women converts on terrorism charges.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	terrorism
释义	terrorismn. Brit. /ˈtɛrərɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French terrorisme. Etymology: < French terrorisme system of the ‘Terror’ (see terror n. 3) during the French Revolution (1794), violent measures taken in order to come to political power or to maintain a government (1795), (in extended use) intolerant attitude of the partisans of certain ideologies (a1828) < classical Latin terror terror n. + French -isme -ism suffix. Compare Spanish terrorismo (1799), Italian terrorismo (1794), German Terrorismus (1796), all originally after French. Compare slightly earlier terrorist n. 1. Government by intimidation as directed and carried out by the party in power in France during the Revolution of 1789–94; the system of the ‘Terror’ (1793–4): see terror n. 3. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > reign of terror reign of terror1784 terrorism1795 terror1798 White Terror1805 Red Terror1864 society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in France reign of terror1784 ancient regime1792 ancien régime1794 terrorism1795 First Republic1800 White Terror1805 restoration1815 consulate1845 Red Terror1864 commune1871 marshalate1874 1795 T. Paine Speech in Convention in Diss. First-princ. Govt. 39 During the reign of terrorism, I was a close prisoner for eight long months. 1800 Ann. Reg. 1795 Hist. Europe 112/2 It would..renew the reign of terrorism, and fill France with proscriptions and massacres. 1817 Lady Morgan France viii. 215 The Comte de Segur..was obliged to remain abroad during the whole reign of terrorism. 1861 G. Smith Irish Hist. 85 Like..the terrorism of the Jacobins..it [sc. Ultramontanism] was a moral epidemic produced by the accidents of a particular crisis in history. 1920 J. Husslein Democratic Industry xvii. 166 The terrorism of the French Revolution can almost find its counterpart in some of the more recent excesses of Bolshevism. 1959 C. B. Hoover Econ., Liberty, & State iv. 114 He [sc. Tallien] took a leading role in bringing about the execution of Robespierre..and thus brought the terrorism of the French Revolution to an eventual end. 1998 P. L. R. Higonnet Goodness beyond Virtue i. 69 Jacobin terrorism of the year II was without historical precedent. 2. a. gen. The unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims; (originally) such practices used by a government or ruling group (frequently through paramilitary or informal armed groups) in order to maintain its control over a population; (now usually) such practices used by a clandestine or expatriate organization as a means of furthering its aims. Cf. terrorist n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > terrorism > [noun] terrorism1796 terror1864 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [noun] > one who or that which terrifies > terrorism terrorism1796 terrorization1869 Schrecklichkeit1917 1796 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. II 17 John Thelwall..pointed out the defects of all the ancient governments of Greece, Rome, Old France, &c.; and the causes of rebellion, insurrection, regeneration of governments, terrorism, massacres, or revolutionary murders. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxx. 155 Hippias..could not but be sensible that this system of terrorism was full of peril to himself. 1899 F. H. Skrine & E. D. Ross Heart of Asia i. xxviii. 208 Under this cruel and hypocritical bigot Bokhārā..succumbed to a terrorism such as that which sapped the power of Spain. 1936 W. H. S. Smith Let. 27 July in Young Man's Country (1977) ii. 19 The Constitutional League [of India], whose main purpose is to rouse public opinion against terrorism. 1940 W. S. Churchill Into Battle (1941) 169 In German-occupied Poland the most hideous form of terrorism prevails. 1957 L. Durrell Bitter Lemons 243 He [sc. Makarios] was the only brake to terrorism and the only person who could curb it. 1989 R. Graef Talking Blues Introd. 17 In Northern Ireland two decades of terrorism have produced battle fatigue in the RUC. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 18 Feb. a23/5 Terrorism has no place in Islamic doctrine. b. In extended or weakened use: the instilling of fear or terror; intimidation, coercion, bullying. ΚΠ 1830 W. Taylor Hist. Surv. German Poetry III. x. 453 German writers..delight especially in a marvellous and almost grotesque terrorism of fable. 1854 G. J. Adler Lett. of Lunatic v. 28 This terrorism by which the University (and certain societies) have carried on their nefarious business of subjugation. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. ix. 260 How can these trade societies exercise the influence they do..?.. It would..appear, that social terrorism is the source of their power. 1920 Proc. Acad. Polit. Sci. City N.Y. 8 136 The campaign of terrorism and affrightment of investors. 1977 New Yorker 24 Oct. 35/1 Last week's manifestations of political terrorism were crowded off the front pages..by more upbeat occurrences. 2004 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 25 Apr. (Extra section) 83 The inability of teachers to stop this schoolyard terrorism. Compounds General attributive, as terrorism case, terrorism expert, terrorism insurance, terrorism suspect, etc. ΚΠ 1922 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 1 June 20/1 After they clean up the terrorism cases, prosecution of thousands of other cases pending in the courts will start. 1935 Chicago Tribune 1 Mar. 1/2 Twenty-eight terrorism suspects, arrested in coal strike, lose court fight for freedom. 1979 Observer 2 Sept. 12/7 British and Irish security forces should establish a 15-mile ‘security zone’.., a top terrorism expert said yesterday. 1998 B. Hoffman in D. J. Whittaker Terrorism Reader (2002) v. 68 In 1996..the US State Department designated seven countries as terrorism sponsors. 2002 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) 23 Apr. 65/1 It may do nothing to encourage national governments to take up the cause of helping with the provision of terrorism insurance. 2010 N.Y. Mag. 29 Mar. 12/4 The recent arrests of two blonde American women converts on terrorism charges. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1795
随便看	reproachlessness reproachment reprobable reprobacy reprobance reprobances reprobatarian reprobate reprobate mind reprobate sense reprobated reprobateness reprobater reprobaters reprobates reprobating reprobation reprobationary reprobationer reprobations reprobative reprobatively reprobator reprobators reprobatory