telegramn.

Brit.

/ˈtɛlᵻɡram/, U.S.

/ˈtɛləˌɡræm/

Forms: 1800s– telegram, 1800s– tellygram (regional and nonstandard), 1900s– telegramme (rare and nonstandard).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: tele- comb. form, -gram comb. form.

Etymology: < tele- comb. form + -gram comb. form.This word superseded earlier telegraph n. 3b. At first, it was criticized by scholars as not being formed on Greek analogies (compare quots. 1857², 1873 at sense 1); the expected formation on Greek models would have been telegrapheme n., which is attested slightly later and has a parallel in modern Greek. However, within a few years, its practical convenience (as being distinct from other meanings of telegraph and shorter in comparison with proposed alternatives) led to its general adoption; compare discussion at -gram comb. form. The English noun was borrowed into other European languages; compare e.g. German Telegramm (1857 or earlier), French télégramme (1858 or earlier).

Now chiefly historical.

1. A message sent by telegraph (telegraph n. 3a), typically composed in a concise and elliptical style and delivered, usually in written or printed form, very soon after sending.Since 1982 the telegram has been used in the United Kingdom only for international messages and in many other countries the service is now limited or closed.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > message > [noun]

errandc890

bodec1275

bodeworda1325

messagec1325

sendingc1400

credence1424

a word in a person's ear1566

credency1620

intermessage1691

telegram1852

memorandum1899

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [noun] > telegraphic message

telegraph message1806

telegraph1821

telegram1852

wire1856

flash1857

telegrapheme1857

telepheme1857

gram1891

tar1893

1852 Albany Evening Jrnl. 6 Apr. A friend desires us to give notice that he will ask leave..to introduce a new word... It is telegram, instead of telegraphic dispatch, or telegraphic communication.

1855 Ld. Clarendon 31 May in Panmure Papers (1908) I. 218 A message should go forthwith by telegram.

1857 Maj. Birch Let. 21 Apr. in Morning Chron. 23 Oct. 4/5 A telegram to the following effect has this day been transmitted to you [etc.].

1857 R. Shilleto in Times 15 Oct. 7/5 May I suggest to such as are not contented with ‘Telegraphic Despatch’ the rightly constructed word ‘telegrapheme’? I do not want it, but..I protest against such a barbarism as ‘telegram’.

1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 158 (note) There is, as against the exact, but surfeiting, telegrapheme, our lawless telegram.

1911 Mrs. H. Ward Case of Richard Meynell xxiii. 484 Hester's telegram, sent originally to Upcote and reforwarded, had reached Meynell in Paris.

1917 Telegram 24 Dec. in U.S.–Norway Arbitration: Case of U.S.A. (Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague) (1922) 299 Your letter dated dec twenty fourth recd stop telegram relating to check for one hundred thousand dollars should have been signed by us.

1960 C. Mackenzie Greece in my Life 53 He went back to the Chancery and sent off a rousing telegram to the Foreign Office en clair.

2013 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Aug. 4/2 To gather intelligence for Woodrow Wilson's government, he needed access to the telegrams entering, leaving, and passing through the country.

a. In similative expressions, esp. as a type of something that travels rapidly.

ΚΠ

1862 Cork Examiner 19 May To the surprise of his opposers, he started, and flashed over the course like a telegram.

1897 ‘M. Twain’ Following Equator 304 The current tore through there like a mill-race, and the boat darted through like a telegram.

1994 Big Issue 5 Dec. 17/2 I imagine a cloudmaker..sending soft, fast clouds like messages and telegrams into the blue square above.

2007 J. Burnside Devil's Footpr. 25 Rain comes in suddenly and beats at the shutters; the morning light arrives like a telegram.

b. figurative and in extended use. Something resembling a telegram, esp. in purpose or speed. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1874 Hebrew Christian Witness July 421/1 Death may be a sort of telegram from Jesus to call us to himself.

1908 E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber ii. i. 244 Telegrams along the line from the sucker [sc. a fish] give precise information.

1963 Listener 3 Jan. 14/1 A slim, solid brick tower, a kind of telegram about all the best and strongest things in Germany, stands a few feet away.

Compounds

General attributive and objective, as telegram boy, telegram sender, etc.

ΚΠ

a1864 R. S. Surtees Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (1865) xxix. 121 And while yet they stood debating..a blue and red telegram-boy came dribbling down the yard.

1881 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 470 The general telegram-sender.

1895 Daily News 3 Dec. 5/3 For some years past the Parisians have had the benefit of a system of ‘telegram postcards’ which are sent by pneumatic tubes.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vii. [Aeolus] 114 A telegram boy stepped in nimbly, threw an envelope on the counter and stepped off posthaste.

a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 727 Is it really sensible..to announce five years ahead the closure of the telegram service?

2004 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Mar. 26 Gleeson was the servo attendant and McHugh the telegram boy.

Derivatives

ˌtelegraˈmese n. the concise and elliptical style typical of the wording of a telegram; = telegraphese n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [noun] > ellipticalness

suppression1651

ellipticalness1681

stuntness1871

telegraphese1885

telegramese1894

1894 Pall Mall Mag. Mar. 733 It [sc. the telegram] was not written in telegramese, and it cost more money than it ought.

1971 Princeton Alumni Weekly 20 Apr. 23/2 Bob Richards writes telegramese: ‘First child, Sarah Sudler, born Dec. 3, 1970. All Well. Father in orbit.’

2002 Independent 14 Feb. (Thursday Review section) 1/1 Romance is initiated, and conducted all day long, on the screen of her Nokia... She likes a life full of..love, betrayals, tears, arguments, all couched in fluent telegrammese.

ˌtelegraˈmmatic adj. †(a) (of communication, business, etc.) carried out by a telegram or telegrams (obsolete); (b) characteristic of a telegram, esp. concise, condensed.

ΚΠ

1858 Standard 10 Feb. 2/2 A telegrammatic communication had been made on the subject, and the answer was that the medals would be sent along.

1866 Visct. Strangford Sel. Writings (1869) II. 14 The telegrammatic battle is no longer a simple duel between Athens and Constantinople.

1904 Scot. Hist. Rev. Jan. 212 The chapter headings are needlessly telegrammatic in their abbreviations.

1990 Mirabella May 35/1 Cross-cuts and montage—punctuated with telegrammatic prose—reveal Winchell in the work of self-invention.

2014 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 12 Aug. b4 The diaries..can be very hard work—repetitious and often banal, written in a telegrammatic style.

teleˈgrammic adj. characteristic of a telegram, esp. concise, condensed.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [adjective] > elliptical

ecliptical1583

ellipsed1607

elliptical1778

telegraphic1848

telegrammic1858

telegraphese1927

1858 Glasgow Herald 9 Apr. 7/2 It is performed with electric rapidity, and with more than telegrammic precision.

1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors II. ix. 237 The letter was telegramic on the essential point.

1969 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philo. 68 350 Stifter seemed at times too long-winded and then startlingly clipped and telegrammic.

2011 G. M. Cummins Mahler Re-Composed iii. 138 It was Mahler who got Klemperer his first major conducting job with a telegram to Hamburg, in his usual telegrammic style.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

telegramv.

Brit.

/ˈtɛlᵻɡram/, U.S.

/ˈtɛləˌɡræm/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: telegram n.

Etymology: < telegram n. Compare earlier telegraph v.

Now chiefly historical.

a. transitive. To send a telegram to; to communicate with by telegram. Also: to instruct or summon by telegram.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > signalling > signal (something) [verb (transitive)] > send telegram or telegraph

telegraph1806

telegram1860

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > telegraph a message [verb (transitive)] > telegraph a person

wire1859

telegram1860

cable1871

marconigraph1907

1860 Punch 5 May 181/2 The message will be sent that men are going ‘on the loose’, and Jack or Tom or Harry will be telegrammed to meet them.

1887 Current 7 502/2 ‘Yes,’ replied the client. ‘I telegrammed him yesterday.’

1919 Country Gentleman 29 Nov. 11/3 The Grape Protective Association is exceedingly unhappy... It has lettered and telegrammed congressmen, individuals and the President.

1969 R. Millar Kut vii. 154 A miserable Aylmer telegrammed Lake with a copy to Townshend.

2001 Observer 10 June (Review section) 6/2 She telegrammed her parents.

b. transitive. To send (news, information, etc.) by telegram. Often (esp. in earlier use) with that-clause as object; also with direct speech as object.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > telegraph a message [verb (transitive)]

telegraph1806

flash1847

retelegraph1848

wire1859

telegram1864

cable1871

1864 E. H. Nolan Liberators Italy xxxii. 225/2 I telegrammed that the General's intention might be communicated to the Mayor.

1931 Commerce Weekly Farm Jrnl. 3 July 1/3 The California authorities when advised, telegrammed that they were leaving for this city immediately.

1952 M. Tripp Faith is Windsock x. 149 In hospital with a broken leg. His mother has just telegrammed the news.

1970 Nature 18 July 225/1 This information was simultaneously telegrammed to doctors.

2001 Church Times 20 Apr. 12/4 ‘Play[']s excellent, praise God and go ahead,’ it telegrammed.

2014 J. M. Murray On Great Battlefield vi. 109 President John Kennedy telegrammed a statement to the centennial commission.

2. intransitive. To send a telegram; to communicate by telegram.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > telegraph [verb (intransitive)]

telegraph1807

wire1859

cable1871

telegram1876

cablegraph1887

marconigraph1902

1876 E. FitzGerald Let. 2 Aug. in Athenæum 9 Nov. (1889) 636/1 I ought to have telegramed back to you.

1901 London Mag. Aug. 490 My fren's 'as telegrammed for me sudden.

1992 Times 15 Aug. 29/3 I was just wondering who it was who telegrammed back from Venice.

2012 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 14 Oct. (Features section) 104 Alan telegrammed asking Dorothy to come to India; she accepted and they married in Calcutta.

Derivatives

ˈtelegrammed adj. [compare earlier telegraphed adj.] that has been sent by telegram.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [adjective] > sent by telegraph

telegraphed1831

telegraphing1836

telegrammed1945

1945 N.Y. Times 25 June 21/4 The association's message followed a telegrammed request to it by the Army Quartermastering Depot.

1972 D. Douglass Pit Life in Co. Durham (History Workshop Pamphlets No. 6) 53 The Executive Committee issued telegrammed instructions to the Lodge.

2005 E. Tagliacozzo Secret Trades, Porous Borders i. i. 91 Telegrammed instructions from Batavia came rather frequently.

ˈtelegramming n. [compare earlier telegraphing n.]

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [noun] > telegraphing

telegraphing1808

telegramming1861

wiring1872

cabling1903

marconigraphing1911

1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints iv. 262 The sceptic that admires..these days of steam-travelling, printing, and telegramming.

1953 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 3 Sept. 14/4 Her entrance required voluminous correspondence and some last-minute telegramming.

1973 A. Broinowski Take One Ambassador ii. 16 The telephoning and telegramming was to begin once more.

2007 G. H. Talhami Palestine in Egyptian Press v. 173 The president's..admiration for Heikal's work made him order the telegramming of Heikal's column to Egyptian embassies.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	telegram
释义	telegramn. Brit. /ˈtɛlᵻɡram/, U.S. /ˈtɛləˌɡræm/ Forms: 1800s– telegram, 1800s– tellygram (regional and nonstandard), 1900s– telegramme (rare and nonstandard). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: tele- comb. form, -gram comb. form. Etymology: < tele- comb. form + -gram comb. form.This word superseded earlier telegraph n. 3b. At first, it was criticized by scholars as not being formed on Greek analogies (compare quots. 1857², 1873 at sense 1); the expected formation on Greek models would have been telegrapheme n., which is attested slightly later and has a parallel in modern Greek. However, within a few years, its practical convenience (as being distinct from other meanings of telegraph and shorter in comparison with proposed alternatives) led to its general adoption; compare discussion at -gram comb. form. The English noun was borrowed into other European languages; compare e.g. German Telegramm (1857 or earlier), French télégramme (1858 or earlier). Now chiefly historical. 1. A message sent by telegraph (telegraph n. 3a), typically composed in a concise and elliptical style and delivered, usually in written or printed form, very soon after sending.Since 1982 the telegram has been used in the United Kingdom only for international messages and in many other countries the service is now limited or closed. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > message > [noun] errandc890 bodec1275 bodeworda1325 messagec1325 sendingc1400 credence1424 a word in a person's ear1566 credency1620 intermessage1691 telegram1852 memorandum1899 society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [noun] > telegraphic message telegraph message1806 telegraph1821 telegram1852 wire1856 flash1857 telegrapheme1857 telepheme1857 gram1891 tar1893 1852 Albany Evening Jrnl. 6 Apr. A friend desires us to give notice that he will ask leave..to introduce a new word... It is telegram, instead of telegraphic dispatch, or telegraphic communication. 1855 Ld. Clarendon 31 May in Panmure Papers (1908) I. 218 A message should go forthwith by telegram. 1857 Maj. Birch Let. 21 Apr. in Morning Chron. 23 Oct. 4/5 A telegram to the following effect has this day been transmitted to you [etc.]. 1857 R. Shilleto in Times 15 Oct. 7/5 May I suggest to such as are not contented with ‘Telegraphic Despatch’ the rightly constructed word ‘telegrapheme’? I do not want it, but..I protest against such a barbarism as ‘telegram’. 1873 F. Hall Mod. Eng. 158 (note) There is, as against the exact, but surfeiting, telegrapheme, our lawless telegram. 1911 Mrs. H. Ward Case of Richard Meynell xxiii. 484 Hester's telegram, sent originally to Upcote and reforwarded, had reached Meynell in Paris. 1917 Telegram 24 Dec. in U.S.–Norway Arbitration: Case of U.S.A. (Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague) (1922) 299 Your letter dated dec twenty fourth recd stop telegram relating to check for one hundred thousand dollars should have been signed by us. 1960 C. Mackenzie Greece in my Life 53 He went back to the Chancery and sent off a rousing telegram to the Foreign Office en clair. 2013 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Aug. 4/2 To gather intelligence for Woodrow Wilson's government, he needed access to the telegrams entering, leaving, and passing through the country. 2. a. In similative expressions, esp. as a type of something that travels rapidly. ΚΠ 1862 Cork Examiner 19 May To the surprise of his opposers, he started, and flashed over the course like a telegram. 1897 ‘M. Twain’ Following Equator 304 The current tore through there like a mill-race, and the boat darted through like a telegram. 1994 Big Issue 5 Dec. 17/2 I imagine a cloudmaker..sending soft, fast clouds like messages and telegrams into the blue square above. 2007 J. Burnside Devil's Footpr. 25 Rain comes in suddenly and beats at the shutters; the morning light arrives like a telegram. b. figurative and in extended use. Something resembling a telegram, esp. in purpose or speed. Now rare. ΚΠ 1874 Hebrew Christian Witness July 421/1 Death may be a sort of telegram from Jesus to call us to himself. 1908 E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber ii. i. 244 Telegrams along the line from the sucker [sc. a fish] give precise information. 1963 Listener 3 Jan. 14/1 A slim, solid brick tower, a kind of telegram about all the best and strongest things in Germany, stands a few feet away. Compounds General attributive and objective, as telegram boy, telegram sender, etc. ΚΠ a1864 R. S. Surtees Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (1865) xxix. 121 And while yet they stood debating..a blue and red telegram-boy came dribbling down the yard. 1881 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 470 The general telegram-sender. 1895 Daily News 3 Dec. 5/3 For some years past the Parisians have had the benefit of a system of ‘telegram postcards’ which are sent by pneumatic tubes. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vii. [Aeolus] 114 A telegram boy stepped in nimbly, threw an envelope on the counter and stepped off posthaste. a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 727 Is it really sensible..to announce five years ahead the closure of the telegram service? 2004 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Mar. 26 Gleeson was the servo attendant and McHugh the telegram boy. Derivatives ˌtelegraˈmese n. the concise and elliptical style typical of the wording of a telegram; = telegraphese n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [noun] > ellipticalness suppression1651 ellipticalness1681 stuntness1871 telegraphese1885 telegramese1894 1894 Pall Mall Mag. Mar. 733 It [sc. the telegram] was not written in telegramese, and it cost more money than it ought. 1971 Princeton Alumni Weekly 20 Apr. 23/2 Bob Richards writes telegramese: ‘First child, Sarah Sudler, born Dec. 3, 1970. All Well. Father in orbit.’ 2002 Independent 14 Feb. (Thursday Review section) 1/1 Romance is initiated, and conducted all day long, on the screen of her Nokia... She likes a life full of..love, betrayals, tears, arguments, all couched in fluent telegrammese. ˌtelegraˈmmatic adj. †(a) (of communication, business, etc.) carried out by a telegram or telegrams (obsolete); (b) characteristic of a telegram, esp. concise, condensed. ΚΠ 1858 Standard 10 Feb. 2/2 A telegrammatic communication had been made on the subject, and the answer was that the medals would be sent along. 1866 Visct. Strangford Sel. Writings (1869) II. 14 The telegrammatic battle is no longer a simple duel between Athens and Constantinople. 1904 Scot. Hist. Rev. Jan. 212 The chapter headings are needlessly telegrammatic in their abbreviations. 1990 Mirabella May 35/1 Cross-cuts and montage—punctuated with telegrammatic prose—reveal Winchell in the work of self-invention. 2014 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 12 Aug. b4 The diaries..can be very hard work—repetitious and often banal, written in a telegrammatic style. teleˈgrammic adj. characteristic of a telegram, esp. concise, condensed. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [adjective] > elliptical ecliptical1583 ellipsed1607 elliptical1778 telegraphic1848 telegrammic1858 telegraphese1927 1858 Glasgow Herald 9 Apr. 7/2 It is performed with electric rapidity, and with more than telegrammic precision. 1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors II. ix. 237 The letter was telegramic on the essential point. 1969 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philo. 68 350 Stifter seemed at times too long-winded and then startlingly clipped and telegrammic. 2011 G. M. Cummins Mahler Re-Composed iii. 138 It was Mahler who got Klemperer his first major conducting job with a telegram to Hamburg, in his usual telegrammic style. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). telegramv. Brit. /ˈtɛlᵻɡram/, U.S. /ˈtɛləˌɡræm/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: telegram n. Etymology: < telegram n. Compare earlier telegraph v. Now chiefly historical. 1. a. transitive. To send a telegram to; to communicate with by telegram. Also: to instruct or summon by telegram. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > signalling > signal (something) [verb (transitive)] > send telegram or telegraph telegraph1806 telegram1860 society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > telegraph a message [verb (transitive)] > telegraph a person wire1859 telegram1860 cable1871 marconigraph1907 1860 Punch 5 May 181/2 The message will be sent that men are going ‘on the loose’, and Jack or Tom or Harry will be telegrammed to meet them. 1887 Current 7 502/2 ‘Yes,’ replied the client. ‘I telegrammed him yesterday.’ 1919 Country Gentleman 29 Nov. 11/3 The Grape Protective Association is exceedingly unhappy... It has lettered and telegrammed congressmen, individuals and the President. 1969 R. Millar Kut vii. 154 A miserable Aylmer telegrammed Lake with a copy to Townshend. 2001 Observer 10 June (Review section) 6/2 She telegrammed her parents. b. transitive. To send (news, information, etc.) by telegram. Often (esp. in earlier use) with that-clause as object; also with direct speech as object. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > telegraph a message [verb (transitive)] telegraph1806 flash1847 retelegraph1848 wire1859 telegram1864 cable1871 1864 E. H. Nolan Liberators Italy xxxii. 225/2 I telegrammed that the General's intention might be communicated to the Mayor. 1931 Commerce Weekly Farm Jrnl. 3 July 1/3 The California authorities when advised, telegrammed that they were leaving for this city immediately. 1952 M. Tripp Faith is Windsock x. 149 In hospital with a broken leg. His mother has just telegrammed the news. 1970 Nature 18 July 225/1 This information was simultaneously telegrammed to doctors. 2001 Church Times 20 Apr. 12/4 ‘Play[']s excellent, praise God and go ahead,’ it telegrammed. 2014 J. M. Murray On Great Battlefield vi. 109 President John Kennedy telegrammed a statement to the centennial commission. 2. intransitive. To send a telegram; to communicate by telegram. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > telegraph [verb (intransitive)] telegraph1807 wire1859 cable1871 telegram1876 cablegraph1887 marconigraph1902 1876 E. FitzGerald Let. 2 Aug. in Athenæum 9 Nov. (1889) 636/1 I ought to have telegramed back to you. 1901 London Mag. Aug. 490 My fren's 'as telegrammed for me sudden. 1992 Times 15 Aug. 29/3 I was just wondering who it was who telegrammed back from Venice. 2012 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 14 Oct. (Features section) 104 Alan telegrammed asking Dorothy to come to India; she accepted and they married in Calcutta. Derivatives ˈtelegrammed adj. [compare earlier telegraphed adj.] that has been sent by telegram. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [adjective] > sent by telegraph telegraphed1831 telegraphing1836 telegrammed1945 1945 N.Y. Times 25 June 21/4 The association's message followed a telegrammed request to it by the Army Quartermastering Depot. 1972 D. Douglass Pit Life in Co. Durham (History Workshop Pamphlets No. 6) 53 The Executive Committee issued telegrammed instructions to the Lodge. 2005 E. Tagliacozzo Secret Trades, Porous Borders i. i. 91 Telegrammed instructions from Batavia came rather frequently. ˈtelegramming n. [compare earlier telegraphing n.] ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [noun] > telegraphing telegraphing1808 telegramming1861 wiring1872 cabling1903 marconigraphing1911 1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints iv. 262 The sceptic that admires..these days of steam-travelling, printing, and telegramming. 1953 Daily Mail (Hagerstown, Maryland) 3 Sept. 14/4 Her entrance required voluminous correspondence and some last-minute telegramming. 1973 A. Broinowski Take One Ambassador ii. 16 The telephoning and telegramming was to begin once more. 2007 G. H. Talhami Palestine in Egyptian Press v. 173 The president's..admiration for Heikal's work made him order the telegramming of Heikal's column to Egyptian embassies. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1852v.1860
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