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单词 teld
释义

teldn.

Forms: Old English–Middle English teld, Old English, Middle English telde, (Middle English tȝeld), Middle English tield, teeld, Middle English tilde, Middle English tild, tyld, tylde, telte.
Etymology: Old English teld , geteld = Old Low German *teld (Middle Dutch telde , telte , Kilian), Middle Low German telt , telde , Low German telt ; Old High German zelt (mostly gizelt ), Middle High German zelt (usually gezelt ), German zelt ; Old Norse tjald ( < *teld ), plural tjǫld , Norwegian tjeld , Swedish tält , dialect tjäll , Danish telt , tent, pavilion, apparently a derivative of teld-an strong verb to cover (compare Old English beteldan , oferteldan ). The late form telte may have been influenced by continental forms: see also tilt n.1
Obsolete.
a. A tent, pavilion, covering; hence, a tabernacle, dwelling.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > tent > [noun]
telda900
field houseOE
saleOE
pavilionc1225
comelc1275
pallionc1300
tentoura1325
tentc1325
holetc1380
hileta1382
tabernacle1382
cabin?a1400
hale?a1400
tentory1412
logis1477
booth1535
ordu1673
toldo1839
a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr.) iii. ix. [xi.] §2 Mon teld [v.r. g eteld] þærofer abrædde.
c1000 Ælfric Genesis xviii. 9 On þam telde heo ys.
1037 in Thorpe Charters (1865) 566/32 And Alfric biscop I biqueðe mine teld and min bedreaf.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12194 Þer weoren on uelden moni þusend telden [c1300 Otho teldes].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8730 Niȝe þusend teldes.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 127 Þese men..woneþ in tabernacles and in teeldis.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 12268 Þei com to þe emperours telde. Whan þei were at his pauilloun..þei light doun.
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 4656 Thei reysed vp bothe halle and tylde..Many a tent was ther vp-reysed.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 488 Telte, or tente, tentorium.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4581 How suld ȝe telle [=till] withouten toles or any tild rere?
c1450 Childhood Jesus (BL Add.) l. 44 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1885) 74 327 That owtelawe tuke hire to his tilde [rhymes wilde, childe, mylde].
1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) i. 132 From stif stormes my sheepe to sheild..under Tildes them to hyde.
b. The tilt or awning of a boat or vessel: cf. tilt n.1
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > devices to protect ship from weather > awning
teld1307
tilt1611
tilt-cloth1611
awning1624
canopy1867
1307–8 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E101/14/14) Tieldes emptis..pro dicta Bargia.
1495 in J. G. Nichols & J. Bruce Wills Doctors' Commons (1863) 3 The barge with bailles, tilde, and ores belonging to the same.
c. A cage for carrying hawks.
ΚΠ
1390–1 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 88 Pro tieldes per ipsum emptis ibidem ad cariandum les haukes, xiiij scot.

Compounds

teld-stede n. dwelling-place, ‘tabernacle’. teldwyrhta n. (Old English) tent-wright, tentmaker.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [noun]
resteOE
worthineeOE
settlea900
wickc900
houseOE
erdinga1000
teld-stedec1000
wonningc1000
innOE
bewistc1200
setnessc1200
wanea1225
i-holda1250
wonec1275
wunselec1275
wonning-place1303
bigginga1325
wonning-stede1338
tabernaclea1340
siegec1374
dwelling-placec1380
lodgingc1380
seea1382
tabernaclea1382
habitationc1384
mansionc1385
arresta1400
bowerc1400
wonning-wanec1400
lengingc1420
tenementc1425
tentc1430
abiding placea1450
mansion place1473
domicile1477
lendingc1480
inhabitance1482
biding-place?1520
seat1535
abode1549
remainingc1550
soil1555
household1585
mansion-seata1586
residing1587
habitance1590
fixation1614
situation?1615
commoratorya1641
haft1785
location1795
fanea1839
inhabitancy1853
habitat1854
occupancy1864
nivas1914
downsetting1927
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 392 Paulus..seðe wæs on woruld~cræfte teld-wyrhta.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cxix. 5 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 258 Wa to me, for mi teldestede swa Forthferred es me fra [a1425 Wycliffite, L.V. my dwelling in an alien lond is maad long].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2020).

teldtildv.

Forms: inf. Old English * teld-ian, Middle English teld-en, tild-en, Middle English teld(e, tild, Middle English tield. pa. tense Old English teldede, teldode, Middle English tilded(e, teildid. β. (Middle English tȝelt), Middle English tilde, teilde, Middle English teld, telt, tilld ( tillede), tulde, tilte, Middle English–1500s telde, Middle English–1500s tild. pa. pple. Old English *( ge)telded, Middle English i-tælded, Middle English i-telded, Middle English telded, Middle English teldid, teldit, Middle English i-teldyde, 1500s Sc. tyldit, tyldet. β. Middle English y-telde, y-tielde, Middle English ytelt ( i-tilled), teld, telde, Middle English teeld, teelde, Middle English y-teld, y-tilde, tild.
Etymology: Old English teldian weak verb, < teld n.; = Old Norse tjalda . In Middle English the d of the stem was often merged in that of the past tense and past participle This brought the vb. into contact with till v.1, past tense tilde.
Obs.
1. trans. To ‘spread’, set up, pitch (a tent); hence, to erect (a building of any kind), to build, raise. Also fig.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > pitch (tent or camp) [verb (transitive)]
teldc725
slayc1000
to set upc1275
pitchc1325
allodgec1330
wickc1330
streeka1340
till1362
stretch1382
pick?a1400
tent1553
stenda1600
to strike up1755
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)]
timbera900
workOE
betimberOE
craftOE
buildc1275
lifta1300
stagec1330
upraise1338
wright1338
edifya1340
to make outa1382
to make upa1382
biga1400
housea1400
risea1400
telda1400–50
to work upa1450
redress1481
levy1495
upmake1507
upbuild1513
exstruct?c1550
construct1663
to run up1686
practise1739
to lay up1788
elevate1798
to put up1818
to lay down1851
practicate1851
c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 591 Con[n]ectit, teldat.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8729 Weoren a þan walde teldes itælded.
a1400 K. Alis. 3464 Þe kyng þer telt [v.r. teildid] his pauylouns.
a1400 K. Alis. 5885 There biside his pauylouns, Weren y-telde by dales and dovnes.
1362 Langland Piers Plowman A. ii. 44 Ten þousend of Tentes I-tilled [v.rr. I-teldyde, teldit, teled] be-sydes.
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) 2 Sam. xvi. 22 Therfor thei tildeden Absolon a tabernacle in the soler.
a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 3434 Pauylouns were alle wiþinne Strongelich ytelt [Linc. Inn MS. y-tielde] by gynne.
a1400–50 Alexander 1159 A hiȝe tilde as a toure teldid on schippis.
a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 2174 To tergarontes he tiȝt þar telde was a mynster.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 795 Towre[s] telded bytwene, trochet ful þik.
c1460 Launfal 263 A pavyloun yteld he sygh.
1515 Scot. Field 38 in Chetham Misc. (1856) II, Beside the towne of Tirwin, our tentes downe we telden.
c1540 Destr. Troy 11664 Here he tild vp a temple of a trew godde.
2. intr. To pitch one's tent; to encamp; to take one's station or residence; in pa. pple. encamped, lodged, stationed.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)] > establish residence
wickc897
telda1325
buildc1340
nestlea1382
to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400
to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425
to take one's lodgec1475
reside1490
inhabit1548
to settle one's rest1562
to sit down1579
to set up (or in) one's staff (of rest)1584
to set (up) one's rest1590
nest1591
to set down one's rest1591
roost1593
inherit1600
habituate1603
seat1612
to take up (one's) residencea1626
settle1627
pitch1629
fix1638
locate1652
to marry and settle1718
domesticate1768
domiciliate1815
to hang up one's hat1826
domicile1831
to stick one's stakes1872
homestead1877
to put down roots1882
to hang one's hat1904
localize1930
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > camp or encamp [verb (intransitive)]
wickc897
lodge13..
telda1325
pitch1535
camp1611
to set downa1616
decamp1698
encamp1725
to camp out1748
outspan1801
tent1856
laager1879
tarpaulin1891
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1840 Iacob fro ðeðen wente, ic wot, Tgelt on a stede and caldit sochot.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12588 [On] þat playne..were þe Romayns telded.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 242 Biside a more a mod quayntly was he teld.
1393 Langland Piers Plowman C. xv. 150 Ryȝt as traianus, þe trewe knyght, tulde [v.rr. tillede, telde; B. xii. 210 tilde, tilte, dwelte] nat deep in helle.
a1400 Pistill of Susan 56 Þeos perlous prestes..turned fro his teching, þat teeld [v.rr. teelde, told] is in trone.
c1440 York Myst. x. 14 Wher I was telde vnder a tree.
3. trans. Sc. To cover with an awning or curtain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > shelter from weather > with an awning
tilt1499
teld?1553
awn1844
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > covers or hangings > [verb (transitive)] > cover or furnish with hangings > with curtains
curtainc1300
encurtain1393
stent1512
teld1825
?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 432 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Reperalit wes that godlyk plesand wone. Tyldyt [1579 Edinb. Tyldit] abone and to the erth adoun.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Tyld, A window is said to be tyldit, when it is covered in the inside with a cloth or curtain.
4. To spread (a net), set (a trap or snare). (See also till v.1 7.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > trap > set traps
setc825
teldc1000
layc1200
to set up1579
tail1770
toila1819
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xxxiv. 8 Hi teldedon gryne and ða gehyddon.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 53 Þenne þe mon wule tilden his musestoch he bindeð uppon þa swike chese.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 211 At pleȝe [þe deuel] teldeð þe grune of idelnesse.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C. 6) (1972) 247 Triste is þer me sit mid þe greahundes for to kepe þe hare. oðer tildeð [so c1230 Corpus a1300 Caius; a1250 Titus tildes; a1250 Nero tillen; c1390 Vernon tilleþ] þe nettes aȝein him.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) i. xviii. 14 Teldyng nettes, arrayng trappys and other engynes.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 164 A green another hath for hem ytilde.

Derivatives

telding n. (also tildunge) Obs. laying of snares.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > trapping or snaring
telding?c1225
snaringc1440
snarlingc1440
wiring1809
tolling1838
trapping1867
noosing1878
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C. 6) (1972) 205 Seint antonie þe sech al þe world ful of þe deofles tildunge.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2011).
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