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单词 achaean
释义

Achaeann.adj.

Brit. /əˈkiːən/, U.S. /əˈkiən/
Forms:

α. 1500s Achayan, 1500s– Achaian, 1900s– Akhaian.

β. 1600s– Achaean, 1600s– Achean.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Partly a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Achaeus , -an suffix; Greek Ἀχαιός , -an suffix.
Etymology: < classical Latin Achaeus of or connected with Achaea, Greek, Grecian and its etymon ancient Greek Ἀχαιός < Ἀχαία (classical Latin Achāia, in post-classical Latin also Achaea (12th cent., rare), modern Greek Αχαΐα) the name of the region of Achaea, in Homer also used more generally as a name for Greece + -an suffix.Achaea occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards (in various forms, including Old English Achaie, Achie, and Old English, Middle English, and modern English Achaia; the form Achaea is attested from the end of the 16th cent.).
A. n.
A native or inhabitant of Achaea, a region of ancient Greece on the north coast of the Peloponnese.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Greeks and neighbours > [noun] > native or inhabitant of states, regions, or cities
Thebienc1374
Spartiatec1384
myrmidonc1425
Spartanc1425
Phocianc1487
Argive?1532
Locrian1536
Locrensian1542
Achaean1550
Mantinean1550
Mytilenean1550
Tegeate1584
Pylian1585
Epidaurian?1589
Thessalian1608
Olympian1609
Sicyonian1642
Samothracian1653
Dorian1662
Attic1699
Tegean1709
1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War ii. ii. f. xlviii The cytyes that toke partye, with the Lacedemonyans..were all the Peloponesyans..within the distrayte, excepte the Argiues, and the Achayans [Fr. les Achees], who were frendes, as well of the one, as of the other.
1568 E. Tilney Brief Disc. Mariage (new ed.) sig. Dviij Among the Achaians, women had such soueraigntie, that whatsoeuer they commaunded, their Husbandes obeyed.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 1038 Chiefest man of all the Achaians.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 315 The Achæans had this degre in high estimat.
1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads ii. 28 The rest That in the Army of th' Achæans were.
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 834 Th' Achaians, Myrmidons, Helleneans bear.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ii. 188 Is it thus at last That the Achaians..Shall seek again their country, leaving here, To be the vaunt of Ilium and her King, Helen of Argos?
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 82/1 The history of the Achæans forms an inconsiderable part of the general history of Greece till about b.c. 251.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 127 [He] girds on the Achæan's glittering glaive.
1956 J. Forsdyke Greece before Homer iv. 83 There is not yet any reason beyond the resemblance in the place-name to connect the people of Ahhiyawa with the Achaians of Greece.
1991 P. James et al. Cent. of Darkness (1992) 70 Diplomatic relations between the Achaeans of mainland Greece and the kingdoms of Anatolia may be indicated by references to the land of Ahhiyawa in the archives of the Hittites.
B. adj.
Of or relating to Achaea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Greece > [adjective]
Locrian1559
Achaean1567
Argive1598
Attic1599
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Greece > [adjective] > regions of Greece
Macedonc1450
Olympian1523
Ionian?1556
Macedonian1556
Achaean1567
Peloponnesian1569
Molossian1587
Thessalian1594
Thracian1594
Olympic1597
Argive1598
Attic1599
isthmian1603
Pharsalian1605
Aonian1607
Attical1610
Phocian1614
Messenianc1615
Marathonian1623
Bœotic1851
Athoan1869
Thraco-Illyrian1931
Athonite1963
1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 14v In all the Achaian soile.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 126 The Achaian Harts are said to haue their gall in their tailes.
1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads ii. 33 These were the Leaders of th' Achean forces.
1736 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. VII. 341 He had engaged his city in the Achæan league.
1788 Pennsylvania Gaz. 23 Jan. 1/2 After the death of Alexander, the Achean League was formed.
1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. 87 Xuthus..through his sons, Ion and Achæus..was considered as the forefather of the Achæan and the Ionian tribes.
1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 125 The Achaian assemblies were in general regularly summoned by the heralds.
1925 G. Murray tr. Aeschylus Eumenides p. viii That glorified Achaean chieftain who was King of gods and men in the ordinary Homeric tradition.
1991 P. James et al. Cent. of Darkness (1992) i. 18 The Shardana, Teresh, Shekelesh and Ekwesh mentioned in 19th Dynasty texts were frequently identified..with the early Sardinians, Etruscans, Sicilians and Achaean Greeks.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1550
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