tangentialadj.n.

/tanˈdʒɛnʃəl/

Etymology: < Latin type *tangentia (see tangency n.) + -al suffix¹.

A. adj. Of or pertaining to tangency or a tangent.

a. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a tangent; identical with, or drawn at, a tangent to a curve or curved surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [adjective] > touching another > of the nature of a tangent

tangential1630

tangental1849

1630 R. Delamain Grammelogia App. 62 If the Declination be above 38. gr. 3. m. you may move the Tangent of 45. softly alonge by the Tangentiall degrees of Declination in the fixed, untill 45. gr. in the moveable be opposite to 45. gr. in the fixed.

1764 Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 68 The proposed demonstration of this tangential property.

1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 265 The apparent level is a straight line tangential to the surface of the earth, or true level.

1881 P. G. Tait in Nature 8 Dec. 128/2 The glass is extended in a radial and compressed in a tangential direction.

b. Of motion or force: Acting along a tangent to a curved line or surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adjective] > moving away at a tangent

tangential1709

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 43. ⁋7 The Tangential and Centripetal Forces, by their Counter-struggle, make the Celestial Bodies describe an exact Ellipsis.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 413 He might give the heavy planets their tangential motion by one strong and exactly poised stroke.

1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. 129 The tangential growth of the surrounding cells.

1883 Science 1 523/1 The tangential tension of the bark increases with the growth of the stem.

c. Of a thing: That lies in a tangent to a curved surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > [adjective] > contiguous > lying in a tangent

tangential1854

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [adjective] > touching another

contingent?a1560

tangent1594

concurrenta1721

tangential1854

1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 388 One part [of a globular box] is furnished with a tangential jet.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 331 The tangential fibres of the cortex.

1901 A. J. Evans in Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 12 Feb. 339/2 A small vase with incised returning spirals and tangential leaves.

1905 F. Bond Gothic Archit. 164 The ambulatory with tangential chapels.

d. spec.

Categories »

(a) Of the spokes of a wheel (as in a bicycle): Arranged as tangents to the hub.

(b) Of a fabric (as a tyre-cover): Having layers of thread lying diagonally from edge to edge, so as to distribute the strain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [adjective] > woven > other

plain1415

biased1805

Jacquard1841

looped1851

fairy1883

tangential1897

interlock1928

rip-stop1945

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 282/1 The best results are obtained from a fabric which..consists of layers of pendent threads running diagonally from edge to edge of the cover and not interwoven. This is called a ‘tangential’ fabric because the pull travels lengthwise along the threads (as in a tangent spoke) and not across them.

(c) Of the pick-up of a record-player: so mounted that it is kept at a tangent to the groove by a rectilinear motion of the arm.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [adjective] > record-playing equipment > type of pick-up

tangential1937

1937 Electronics 10 9/2 The whys and wherefores of the ‘tangential’ type pick-up mount and its effects on distortion and record wear.

1977 Time 10 Oct. 43/1 (advt.) The Beogram 4002 has an electronically controlled tangential arm which plays records in the same way that they were cut: tracing a straight line from the edge of the record to its centre instead of tracing an arc.

a. figurative. Going off suddenly ‘at a tangent’; erratic; divergent; digressive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [adjective] > deviating from straight course

wrongc1440

swerving1534

wrya1586

wriedc1595

diverted1608

dissilient1656

deviatory1702

out-of-the-waya1732

tangent1787

wide1827

deflected1860

tangential1867

deviative1878

deviating1883

the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant

foreigna1393

unpertinentc1400

impertinentc1450

peregrine1532

far-fet1533

exorbitant1534

unrelevant1558

stravagant1565

fremd1581

unappliable1588

misapplied1596

immaterial1598

far-fetched1607

misdevoted1623

unappertaining1645

irrelativea1657

inapposite1661

unconcerned1683

scandalous1750

uncentral1782

irrelevant1786

tangent1787

inappertinent1814

unappropriate1818

tangential1867

1867 F. H. Ludlow Little Briggs & I in Genre Pict. 199 A remedy to this day sovereign..for all tangential aberrations from the back of a colt or the laws of society.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xl. 147 Those devious impulses and tangential flights which spoil the works of every would-be schemer who instead of being wholly machine is half heart.

1903 Spectator 31 Jan. 184/2 A collection of mixed and tangential information.

b. That merely touches a subject or matter.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [adjective] > requiring little attention

tangential1825

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > slight > slight or superficial

superficialc1456

skin-deepa1613

hoverly1633

surfacy1815

tangential1825

smattery1895

the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > slightly relevant or touching on

tangential1885

1825 W. Hazlitt Coleridge in Spirit of Age (1886) 46 Our author's mind is (as he himself might express it) tangential. There is no subject on which he has not touched, none on which he has rested.

1885 O. W. Holmes Emerson 165 Emerson had only tangential relations with the experiment.

c. tangential energy n. in the writings of P. Teilhard de Chardin, the form of energy that is manifest in the workings of the physical world and is described by the laws of thermodynamics. Cf. radial energy n. at radial adj. and n. Compounds [translating French énergie tangientielle, introduced c1938 by P. Teilhard de Chardin ( Le Phénomène Humain (1956) i. ii. 62).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > specific types of energy

internal energy1654

positive energy1807

chemical energy1809

energy1852

potential energy1853

atomic energy1854

latent energy1854

static energy1869

free energy1884

rest energy1925

nuclear energy1958

radial energy1959

tangential energy1959

geothermal1960

dark energy1998

quintessence1998

1959 B. Wall tr. P. Teilhard de Chardin Phenomenon of Man i. ii. 65 In each particular element this fundamental energy is divided into two distinct components: a tangential energy which links the element with all others of the same order (that is to say, of the same complexity and the same centricity) as itself in the universe; and a radial energy which draws it towards ever greater complexity and centricity—in other words forwards.

1965 Listener 15 Apr. 558/2 We really need different kinds of language to deal with the concepts proper to biology and those proper to thermodynamics. One thinks at once of Teilhard's brilliant pioneering neologisms, such as ‘radial’ and ‘tangential’ energy, phrases devised precisely to meet some at least of the difficulties.

1969 A. Richardson Dict. Christian Theol. 332/2 Tangential energy links units at the same level of organization.

B. n.

Geometry. tangential of a point (in a curve of the third or higher order), the point at which a tangent at the given point meets the curve again.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > of intersection or contact > of specific lines or curves

cuspis1646

focus1656

point of reflection1674

umbilicus1704

cuspid1743

cusp1758

rhamphoid1814

biplanar1849

oscnode1852

tacnode1852

tangential of a point1858

cnicnode1869

uniplane1869

unode1869

1858 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers II. 558 A derivative which may be termed the ‘tangential’ of a cubic, viz. the tangent at the point (x,y,z) of the cubic curve (*)(x,y,z)³ = 0 meets the curve in a point (ξ, η, ζ), which is the tangential of the first-mentioned point.

1859 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers IV. 188.

1873 G. Salmon Treat. Higher Plane Curves (ed. 2) v. 127 The point c, in which the tangent at any point a meets the curve again is called the tangential of the point a.

Derivatives

tangentiality n. /-ʃɪˈælɪtɪ/ the quality or condition of being tangential.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > tangent > quality of

tangentiality1889

1889 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 27 335 The perpendicularity of E and the tangentiality of H to the surface.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tangential
释义	tangentialadj.n. /tanˈdʒɛnʃəl/ Etymology: < Latin type tangentia (see tangency n.) + -al suffix¹. A. adj. Of or pertaining to tangency or a tangent. 1. a. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a tangent; identical with, or drawn at, a tangent to a curve or curved surface. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [adjective] > touching another > of the nature of a tangent tangential1630 tangental1849 1630 R. Delamain Grammelogia* App. 62 If the Declination be above 38. gr. 3. m. you may move the Tangent of 45. softly alonge by the Tangentiall degrees of Declination in the fixed, untill 45. gr. in the moveable be opposite to 45. gr. in the fixed. 1764 Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 68 The proposed demonstration of this tangential property. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 265 The apparent level is a straight line tangential to the surface of the earth, or true level. 1881 P. G. Tait in Nature 8 Dec. 128/2 The glass is extended in a radial and compressed in a tangential direction. b. Of motion or force: Acting along a tangent to a curved line or surface. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adjective] > moving away at a tangent tangential1709 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 43. ⁋7 The Tangential and Centripetal Forces, by their Counter-struggle, make the Celestial Bodies describe an exact Ellipsis. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 413 He might give the heavy planets their tangential motion by one strong and exactly poised stroke. 1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. 129 The tangential growth of the surrounding cells. 1883 Science 1 523/1 The tangential tension of the bark increases with the growth of the stem. c. Of a thing: That lies in a tangent to a curved surface. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [adjective] > contiguous > lying in a tangent tangential1854 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [adjective] > touching another contingent?a1560 tangent1594 concurrenta1721 tangential1854 1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 388 One part [of a globular box] is furnished with a tangential jet. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 331 The tangential fibres of the cortex. 1901 A. J. Evans in Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 12 Feb. 339/2 A small vase with incised returning spirals and tangential leaves. 1905 F. Bond Gothic Archit. 164 The ambulatory with tangential chapels. d. spec. Categories » (a) Of the spokes of a wheel (as in a bicycle): Arranged as tangents to the hub. (b) Of a fabric (as a tyre-cover): Having layers of thread lying diagonally from edge to edge, so as to distribute the strain. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [adjective] > woven > other plain1415 biased1805 Jacquard1841 looped1851 fairy1883 tangential1897 interlock1928 rip-stop1945 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 282/1 The best results are obtained from a fabric which..consists of layers of pendent threads running diagonally from edge to edge of the cover and not interwoven. This is called a ‘tangential’ fabric because the pull travels lengthwise along the threads (as in a tangent spoke) and not across them. (c) Of the pick-up of a record-player: so mounted that it is kept at a tangent to the groove by a rectilinear motion of the arm. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [adjective] > record-playing equipment > type of pick-up tangential1937 1937 Electronics 10 9/2 The whys and wherefores of the ‘tangential’ type pick-up mount and its effects on distortion and record wear. 1977 Time 10 Oct. 43/1 (advt.) The Beogram 4002 has an electronically controlled tangential arm which plays records in the same way that they were cut: tracing a straight line from the edge of the record to its centre instead of tracing an arc. 2. a. figurative. Going off suddenly ‘at a tangent’; erratic; divergent; digressive. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [adjective] > deviating from straight course wrongc1440 swerving1534 wrya1586 wriedc1595 diverted1608 dissilient1656 deviatory1702 out-of-the-waya1732 tangent1787 wide1827 deflected1860 tangential1867 deviative1878 deviating1883 the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant foreigna1393 unpertinentc1400 impertinentc1450 peregrine1532 far-fet1533 exorbitant1534 unrelevant1558 stravagant1565 fremd1581 unappliable1588 misapplied1596 immaterial1598 far-fetched1607 misdevoted1623 unappertaining1645 irrelativea1657 inapposite1661 unconcerned1683 scandalous1750 uncentral1782 irrelevant1786 tangent1787 inappertinent1814 unappropriate1818 tangential1867 1867 F. H. Ludlow Little Briggs & I in Genre Pict. 199 A remedy to this day sovereign..for all tangential aberrations from the back of a colt or the laws of society. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xl. 147 Those devious impulses and tangential flights which spoil the works of every would-be schemer who instead of being wholly machine is half heart. 1903 Spectator 31 Jan. 184/2 A collection of mixed and tangential information. b. That merely touches a subject or matter. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > [adjective] > requiring little attention tangential1825 the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > slight > slight or superficial superficialc1456 skin-deepa1613 hoverly1633 surfacy1815 tangential1825 smattery1895 the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > slightly relevant or touching on tangential1885 1825 W. Hazlitt Coleridge in Spirit of Age (1886) 46 Our author's mind is (as he himself might express it) tangential. There is no subject on which he has not touched, none on which he has rested. 1885 O. W. Holmes Emerson 165 Emerson had only tangential relations with the experiment. c. tangential energy n. in the writings of P. Teilhard de Chardin, the form of energy that is manifest in the workings of the physical world and is described by the laws of thermodynamics. Cf. radial energy n. at radial adj. and n. Compounds [translating French énergie tangientielle, introduced c1938 by P. Teilhard de Chardin ( Le Phénomène Humain (1956) i. ii. 62).] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > specific types of energy internal energy1654 positive energy1807 chemical energy1809 energy1852 potential energy1853 atomic energy1854 latent energy1854 static energy1869 free energy1884 rest energy1925 nuclear energy1958 radial energy1959 tangential energy1959 geothermal1960 dark energy1998 quintessence1998 1959 B. Wall tr. P. Teilhard de Chardin Phenomenon of Man i. ii. 65 In each particular element this fundamental energy is divided into two distinct components: a tangential energy which links the element with all others of the same order (that is to say, of the same complexity and the same centricity) as itself in the universe; and a radial energy which draws it towards ever greater complexity and centricity—in other words forwards. 1965 Listener 15 Apr. 558/2 We really need different kinds of language to deal with the concepts proper to biology and those proper to thermodynamics. One thinks at once of Teilhard's brilliant pioneering neologisms, such as ‘radial’ and ‘tangential’ energy, phrases devised precisely to meet some at least of the difficulties. 1969 A. Richardson Dict. Christian Theol. 332/2 Tangential energy links units at the same level of organization. B. n. Geometry. tangential of a point (in a curve of the third or higher order), the point at which a tangent at the given point meets the curve again. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > of intersection or contact > of specific lines or curves cuspis1646 focus1656 point of reflection1674 umbilicus1704 cuspid1743 cusp1758 rhamphoid1814 biplanar1849 oscnode1852 tacnode1852 tangential of a point1858 cnicnode1869 uniplane1869 unode1869 1858 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers II. 558 A derivative which may be termed the ‘tangential’ of a cubic, viz. the tangent at the point (x,y,z) of the cubic curve ()(x,y,z)³ = 0 meets the curve in a point (ξ, η, ζ), which is the tangential of the first-mentioned point. 1859 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers* IV. 188. 1873 G. Salmon Treat. Higher Plane Curves (ed. 2) v. 127 The point c, in which the tangent at any point a meets the curve again is called the tangential of the point a. Derivatives tangentiality n. /-ʃɪˈælɪtɪ/ the quality or condition of being tangential. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > tangent > quality of tangentiality1889 1889 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 27 335 The perpendicularity of E and the tangentiality of H to the surface. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1630
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