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单词 tare
释义

taren.1

Brit. /tɛː/, U.S. /tɛ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English– tare, plural Middle English taren, Middle English taris, Middle English– tares; also Middle English thare, 1500s taar(e, terre, ter(e, 1800s dialect tar, tor.
Etymology: A word of obscure origin and history: known first c1330 in sense 1, also c1400 in wiilde tare, a vetch of some kind, and in the later Wycliffite New Testament, 1388, used to render Greek Latin zīzania. For the form Kluge compares Old Dutch *taruwe, Middle Dutch terwe, tarwe, a name of wheat, cognate with Lithuanian dirva a wheat-field. But no satisfactory explanation has been offered of the transference of sense.
1.
a. The seed of a vetch: usually in reference to its small size. (Probably familiar in early times, as too frequently present in seed-corn.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetch > seed or bean of
tarec1330
vetcha1398
beach-pea1884
c1330 Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 7354 Þei our folk tohewen waren To smale morsels, so beþ taren.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 279/1 Taare a corne lyke a pease, lupins.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ii. f. 9v Many of them [grains of gold]..were as bygge as tares or fytchis.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. f. 185 Take of this masse, vnto the quantitie of three Tares.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 65 This vermine will get..under the nayl of your toes, and there make a habitation..as bigge as a small Tare.
1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 287 A globule, about the size of a small tare, being thrown on paper moistened.
1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. v. 659 The follicles enlarge to the size of a tare or a pea.
†b. Taken as a type of a very small particle; a whit, a jot, an atom. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > the smallest amount > a jot
cornc888
grotc888
prickleOE
prickOE
pointc1300
grain1377
hair1377
motec1390
twynt1399
mitec1400
tarec1405
drop1413
ace?1440
tittlea1450
whita1450
jot1526
Jack1530
plack1530
farthingc1540
minima1585
scintil1599
atom1626
scintillation1650
punct1653
doit1660
scintilla1674
rap1792
haet1802
dottle1808
smiggot1823
hooter1839
heartbeat1855
pick1866
filament1868
hoot1878
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 80 But ther of sette the Millere noght a tare.
2. A name given to some species of vetch:
a. in early times, esp. to those occurring as weeds in cornfields. (Lyte, 1578, uses it only of these, applying ‘vetch’ or ‘fitch’ to Vicia sativa (sense 1b); with Gerarde, Ray, and later writers, ‘tare’ and ‘vetch’ become synonymous.)Still entering into the names of the ‘Hairy or Rough-podded Tare’, Vicia hirsuta ( Ervum hirsutum), and ‘Smooth Tare’, V. tetrasperma ( E. tetraspermum), cornfield weeds: see also strangle-tare n., tine-tare. In quots. 1580, applied (after Dodoens) to Lathyrus aphaca, now a rare ‘colonist’ in English cornfields, but perhaps then more common, being imported with dirty seed-wheat. Formerly also applied vaguely to other plants of these and allied genera, or to weeds resembling them in their habit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetch
vetchc1300
orobusa1398
tarec1400
ervil1551
ers1578
fowl-foot1578
oreb1587
urle1659
tare-grass1686
orobe1714
thetch1733
twine-grass1743
wood-vetch1766
tare-vetch1811
scorpion-wort1852–6
pigeon pea1884
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 88 Orabum þat is wiilde tare.
c1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 131 Orobus, gall. uesche, anglice thare uel mousepese.
c1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 186 Trifolium acutum, wildetare uel tintare.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiii Terre is the worst wede..and groweth moost in rye, and it groweth like fytches, but it is moch smaler, & it wyl growe as hye as the corne & with the weyght therof it pulleth the corne flatte to the erhte and freteth the eyres away.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiv There be dyuers maner of wedes, as thistyls, kedlokes, dockes,..dog-fenell, mathes, terre, and dyuers other small wedes.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. xxviii. 485 The Tare groweth in feeldes, & is found growing in this Countrie, in fertil groundes amongst wheat & Rye.
1580 Baret's Aluearie (rev. ed.) T 63 Tares which commonlie growe amongst corne, are temperate in heat, aphaca.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 332 Cockle, wild Oates, rough Burs, Corn-cumbring Tares.
b. Now, in general agricultural use, applied to the cultivated vetch, Vicia sativa, grown (often with oats, etc.) as fodder. In a collective sense, or as name of a crop, used in plural form (cf. oats, in like use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > plants used as fodder
bullimong1313
podder1468
tare1482
greens1607
lucerne1652
esperate1659
esparcet1669
tare-thistle1753
buckwheat1776
mangel-wurzel1787
mangold1848
sacate1848
sacaton1865
mangel-wurzel potato1875
mutter1875
ramon1885
cattle-bush1889
manna1897
beech-wheat-
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > cultivated vetch
vetchc1400
tare1482
chickling1548
peavine1675
pebble-vetch1677
chickling pea1731
mattar1884
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > forage-crop
podder1468
tare1482
farrage1601
corn-fodder1744
forage-crop1875
1482 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 109 Yowre yonge horsse..wull ete noo mete yett but grasse and grene tarys.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 278/2 Taars a kynd of corn, dragee. [See dredge n.2]
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Tares or vetches, a kinde of pulse or grayne, eruila, eruum, orobum, i.
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. i. 153 Horssecorne, I meane, beanes, peasen, otes, tares, and lintels.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 52 Where Vetches, Pulse, and Tares have stood. View more context for this quotation
1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 87 Tares are of as great advantage to land as other pulses are.
1801 G. Mason Suppl. to Johnson's Dict. Tare, a name frequently given to the common vetch.
1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 474 Tares will do well on any rich or good soil.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Eclogues iii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 22 Lean my bull, though he feeds on the richest tares.
c. Angling. (See quot. 1971.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > bait > other baits
killer1681
dough ball1879
Exeter-elm1882
tuna bait1901
bread flake1956
tare1971
pop-up1987
1971 Angling Times 10 June 12/1 Tares: a cereal bait used for roach fishing.
1976 Reading Chron. 19 Nov. 26/7 Kennet-style hemp groundbait and caster on the hook failed to get him a bite for the first 90 minutes. Then he switched to floated tares and the roach came thick and fast.
3.
a. plural. Used in the later Wycliffite (or Purvey) version of the New Testament (Matthew xiii. 25), also in some manuscripts of the earlier text, and thence in Tyndale's and subsequent 16–17th cent. versions, to render Latin zīzania (Vulgate), Greek ζιζάνια, as name of an injurious weed among corn, which in the first Wyclif version had been rendered ‘dernel or cokil’, the latter going back in translations and quotations to Old English, the former to Early Middle English: see darnel n., cockle n.1 Obsolete except as a biblical use, and as in 3b.Evidently Purvey and his co-revisers adopted tares as in their opinion more intelligible than the earlier ‘dernel’ or ‘cokil’. Probably they thought of Vicia hirsuta the Strangle-tare, or other species of wild vetch, as familiar noxious weeds in English cornfields.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [noun] > weed > tare(s)
zizanya1400
taresa1425
titter1573
furrow-weed1608
zizania1756
walder1764
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xiii. 25 Whanne men slepten, his enemy cam, and sewe aboue taris [1382 dernel; gloss or cokil] in the myddil of whete.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiii. f. xviijv Whyll men shlepte, ther cam his foo, and sowed tares amonge the wheate.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. i. 128 His Church he compareth vnto a fielde, where tares manifestlie knowne and seene by all men doe growe intermingled with good corne.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xiii. 36 Declare vnto vs the parable of the tares [1388 Wyclif taris, Tindale tares] of the field. View more context for this quotation
a1674 Earl of Clarendon Brief View Leviathan (1676) 307 These are the men who..watched the tares.. and pulled them up.
b. Hence in allusive and figurative uses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful thing or person > like a weed
weedeOE
popplea1425
darnel1444
zizania1526
thistle1563
zizany1581
fungus1659
tare1686
1686 T. Ken Direct. Prayer 15 The Tares of Sedition have been industriously sown among you.
1806 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 64 They will not suffer friend or foe to sow tares among us.
1816 R. Southey Lay of Laureate lxvii The heart of man is rich in all good seeds; Neglected, it is choak'd with tares and noxious weeds.
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV cxx. 63 Weeds of dark luxuriance, tares of haste, Rank at the core, though tempting to the eyes.
1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xxi. 615 In the new world, as in the old, the tares are mingled with the wheat.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
tare hay n.
ΚΠ
1763 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) I. 225 I had last summer a crop of tare-hay that was astonishing.
tare seed n.
ΚΠ
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. xxviii. 486 The Tare seede is of a restringent vertue like ye Lentil.
tare verdage n.
ΚΠ
1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. Digest 44 Horses require very little corn when they are on a tare-verdage.
C2.
tare-fitch n. name for Vicia hirsuta and other wild or weedy species of vetch and allied plants.
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 279/1 Tarefytche a corne, lupyn.
tare-grass n. (dialecttar-grass) some species of wild tare or vetch (‘ Vicia hirsuta or perhaps V. Cracca’, Britten & Holland).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetch
vetchc1300
orobusa1398
tarec1400
ervil1551
ers1578
fowl-foot1578
oreb1587
urle1659
tare-grass1686
orobe1714
thetch1733
twine-grass1743
wood-vetch1766
tare-vetch1811
scorpion-wort1852–6
pigeon pea1884
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vi. 204 The wild Vetch, here call'd Tar-grass.
1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 192 These wild sorts [of Tares] are called by some Tar-grass.
tare-sown adj. sown with tares (sense 3).
ΚΠ
1797 T. Park Sonnets 110 The tare-sown plains of age we feebly reap.
tare-thistle n. ? the sow-thistle ( Sonchus arvensis), a prickly plant growing as a weed in corn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > sow thistle
thowthistlea700
sow-thistlea1250
swine thistlea1350
milk thistlec1450
Saint Mary's seeda1500
Sonchus1558
hare's lettuce1597
smooth thistle1633
milkweed1736
tare-thistle1753
cow-thistle1832
puha1843
rauriki1848
the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > plants used as fodder
bullimong1313
podder1468
tare1482
greens1607
lucerne1652
esperate1659
esparcet1669
tare-thistle1753
buckwheat1776
mangel-wurzel1787
mangold1848
sacate1848
sacaton1865
mangel-wurzel potato1875
mutter1875
ramon1885
cattle-bush1889
manna1897
beech-wheat-
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Rabbit The general cure is the keeping them low, and giving them the prickly herb, called tare-thistle, to eat.
tare-vetch n. (also tarvetch)
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > vetch
vetchc1300
orobusa1398
tarec1400
ervil1551
ers1578
fowl-foot1578
oreb1587
urle1659
tare-grass1686
orobe1714
thetch1733
twine-grass1743
wood-vetch1766
tare-vetch1811
scorpion-wort1852–6
pigeon pea1884
1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 267 Tare-vetch, withwind, the red and white striped convolvulus. These two plants are the plague of a weak wheat crop in the sand lands.
1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names Tar-fitch.., Vicia hirsuta.—Salop. Blue Tar~fitch, Vicia Cracca.—Cheshire. Yellow Tar-fitch, Lathyrus pratensis.—Chesh... Tar Vetch (or Tar-Vatch), Vicia hirsuta.—Dorset.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

taren.2

Brit. /tɛː/, U.S. /tɛ(ə)r/
Etymology: < French tare (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter) waste or deterioration in goods, deficiency, imperfection, also as in English, = medieval Latin tara, Italian tara, Provençal tara, Spanish tara, Portuguese tara, Old Spanish atara (Littré), < Arabic ṭarḥah that which is thrown away, < ṭaraḥa to reject.
a. The weight of the wrapping, receptacle, or conveyance containing goods, which is deducted from the gross in order to ascertain the net weight; hence, a deduction made from the gross weight to allow for this; also (esp. as tare weight), the weight of a motor vehicle or aircraft without its fuel and other equipment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > amount determined by weighing > deduction to give net weight
tare1486
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [noun] > motor vehicle > expressing speed or acceleration > weight without occupants or load
tare1903
kerb weight1958
1486 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 13 ij barrelles Gonne~powdre conteyning in weight besides the tare d iij lbs.
1486 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 14 A barrell of gonnepoudre weying the tare abated cc lb.
1584 W. Barrett in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 215 Note that in Ormuz they abate tare of all sorts of commodities.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Tara, the tare, waste or garbish of any marchandise or ware.
1617 Sir D. Carleton in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 190 The reducing the matter of Tare to the same terms as it was.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Tare and Tret, the first is the weight of Box, Straw, Cloaths, &c. wherein Goods are packed. The other is [etc.].
a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 639 If 132 lb. abate 12 lb. for Tare, then 1 C. shall be but 120 lb.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs i. 11 The Tares on several sorts of Goods were ascertained by the Farmers of his Majesty's Customs, in the year 1667, a Table whereof was then published by their order.
1882 Mechanical World 4 Mar. 137/1 The method of weighing is to ascertain the weight of load and truck combined, and then deduct the tare of the latter from the total.
1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. The tare of the tub is the weight of the empty tub or hutch used in conveying the coals.
1903 Motor. Ann. 64 A steam lorry, which will carry any weight up to seven tons, and has a tare of scarcely three tons.
attributive.1900 Engin. Mag. 19 738 Dependent..upon the total useful load it is possible to carry on a vehicle of a given tare weight.1901 Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 2/1 It is difficult to see why in the case of motors there should be a tare-limit of three tons.1944 C. A. Zweng Aviation Dict. 329/1 In weighing an aircraft..the weight of any incidental equipment needed, and whose weight is included in the final weight, must be subtracted to obtain the correct weight. This is called the tare weight.1950 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 43 Tare weight, for design purposes: the standard weight of a type of aircraft complete in flying order but without crew, fuel, oil, removable equipment or payload.1967 Times Rev. Industry May 78/2 Reductions of more than 50 per cent in tare weight..can often be made by using a particular new material.1977 Mod. Railways Dec. 480/2 All timing loads in the working timetables are now calculated for tare weights in tonnes.
b. Chemistry. The weight of a vessel in which a substance is weighed, or of another vessel equal to it, deducted in ascertaining the weight of the substance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > amount determined by weighing > deduction to give net weight > specific weight of vessel deducted
tare1888
1888 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. 10 319 The difference between the weights of the crucibles plus the oxide and those of their tares was then determined.
c. figurative. (Cf. French tare defect, vice, blemish.)
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [noun] > state of having moral defects > moral defect
lackc1200
vice1338
default1340
fault1377
infirmity1382
wallet1528
flaw1586
failing1590
leak1597
delinquency1606
tare?1608
shortcominga1687
?1608 S. Lennard tr. P. Charron Of Wisdome i. xiv. 63 The Spirit hath it [sic] maladies, defects, tares or refuse.
1896 V. Lee in Contemp. Rev. June 822 Is there not in this case a tare—a diminution of aesthetic value to our detriment?
d. tare and tret: the two ordinary deductions in calculating the net weight of goods to be sold by retail: see tret n.; also, the rule in arithmetic by which these are calculated.
ΚΠ
1670 [see sense a].
1692 Coles's Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Tare and tret, (allowance for) the weight of box, bag, &c. and waste on emptying, &c.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 46. ⁋1 He gave diurnal Audiences concerning Commerce, Politicks, Tare and Tret, Usury.
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xix. 240 We learnt Tare and Tret together, at school.
figurative.1842 T. De Quincey Pope in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 400/1 The allowance for tare and tret as a discount in favour of Pope.

Compounds

† tare-master n. = tarer n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > assay officer of stannaries
tare-master1625
tarer1625
1625 Laws Stannaries (1808) xi. 21 The poiser, the tare~master and their deputies, ought to be sworn in the stannary-court.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tarev.

Brit. /tɛː/, U.S. /tɛ(ə)r/
Etymology: < tare n.2
transitive. To ascertain, allow for, or indicate the tare of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)] > again > ascertain or allow for tare of
tare1812
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 146 Two Jars tared three pounds each.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 208 It is the practice at the West India Docks to make a memorandum of the packages which are tared, on the back of the blue book.
1880 J. Lomas Man. Alkali Trade 246 It is usual not to tare the casks at all, but to invoice the gross weight as soda.
1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Sept. 8/2 The Custom House authorities have given notice that on and after October 1 their officers will have instructions to weigh and tare packages of tea to the half-pound instead of to the pound, as heretofore.

Derivatives

tared adj. of which the tare or weight when empty has been ascertained.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [adjective] > weighed > when empty
tared1854
1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 333 Being collected on a tared filter, its weight may be estimated.
18.. U.S. Dispensatory 575 (Cent. Dict.) The neck of a bottle..marked for the quantity of liquid to be percolated,..or of a tared bottle, if the percolate is to be weighed.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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