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单词 tarantula
释义

tarantulan.

/təˈrantjʊlə/
Forms: Also 1500s tarentula, 1600s tarentola, tarantule.
Etymology: < medieval Latin tarantula ( Onomast. Lat. Græc.), Italian tarantola, < Taranto a town in modern Apulia < Latin Tarentum, < Greek Τάρας (Τάραντα). Compare French tarentule (16th cent. in Littré; in Old French only tarente).
1.
a. A large wolf-spider of Southern Europe, Lycosa tarantula (formerly Tarantula Apuliæ), named from the town in the region where it is commonly found, whose bite is slightly poisonous, and was fabled to cause tarantism n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > order Aranea > suborder Labidognatha or Dipneumones > member of family Lycosidae > lycosa tarantula
tarantula1561
earth-spider1679
Naples spider1840
vampire1843
Tarentine spider-
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer i. sig. B.ii Them that are bitten with a Tarrantula. [margin] A kind of spiders, whiche being dyuers of nature cause diuers effectes, some after their biting fal a singyng, some laugh [etc.].
1584 J. Lyly Sapho & Phao iv. iii I was stung with the flye Tarantula.
1592 R. Greene Philomela sig. G3v Such as are stung by the Tarentula, are best cured by Musicke.
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 113 In this countrey is bred the Tarantola, whose venom is expelled with the fire and musick.
1630 J. Taylor Bawd in Wks. I ij/1 Saint Vitus or Vitellus,..an excellent patron or proctor to cure those that are bitten of a Spider called Tarrantulla, or Phallanx.
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1061 All those that are stung with the Tarantula, dance so well, as if they were taught to dance, and sing as well as if they were musically bred.
1711 Let. to Sacheverel 20 Such a Frenzy ran thro the Nation, as if they had been all bitten with Tarantulas.
1772 Ann. Reg. 1771 Nat. Hist. 85/1 Several experiments have been tried with the Tarantula; and neither men nor animals, after the bite, have had any other complaint, but a very trifling inflammation upon the part.
1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. v. ii. 263 The Common Tarantula..is about an inch in length... A number of fabulous tales, all of them equally absurd, have been related of the Tarantula.
b. Popularly applied to other noxious spiders, esp. to the great hairy spiders of the genus Mygale, natives of the warmer parts of America.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > order Aranea > division Tetrapneumones > family Mygalidae > genus or member of genus Mygale
bird spider1763
bird-catching spider1789
tarantula1794
mygale1823
1794 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 597 Scorpions and tarantulas are found here [i.e. in Dutch Guiana] of a large size and great venom.
1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches ii. 142 The terror of snakes, scorpions, tarantulas, and other noxious creatures of the African clime.
1871 C. Kingsley At Last II. xvii. 306 The chief engineer exhibited a live ‘Tarantula’, or bird-catching spider.
1893 K. Sanborn Truthful Woman S. Calif. 107 Tarantulas never come out at night... Mr. Wakely, who has caught more of these spiders than any living man, does not seem to dread the job in the least.
c. By confusion, mistaken for or applied to some (supposed) venomous reptile: see quots. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > [noun] > reptile > venomous
serpentc1440
tarantula1615
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Tarantola, a serpent called an eft or an euet, some take it to be a flye whose sting is..deadly, and nothing but diuers sounds of musicke can cure the patient. Also a fish so called.]
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 249 Hereabout..are great store of Tarantulas: a serpent peculiar to this countrey.
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Tarantula, a little beast like a Lizard, hauing spots in his necke like starres.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Tarantula, in zoology, a name given by the Italians to a peculiar species of lizard.
1896 List Anim. Zool. Soc. 577 Tarentola mauritanica..Moorish Gecko.]
2. Contextually, The bite of the tarantula; hence, erroneously, = tarantism n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > hysteria > tarantism
tarantulaa1586
tarantism1656
tarantulism1774
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. ix. sig. F6v This word, Louer, did not lesse pearce poore Pyrocles, then the right tune of musicke toucheth him that is sick of the Tarantula.
1633 G. Herbert Dooms-day in Temple ii Peculiar notes and strains Cure Tarantulaes raging pains.
1651–3 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. for Year I. xix. 250 He dies with a Tarantula, dancing and singing till he bowes his neck, and kisses his bosome with the fatall noddings and declensions of death.
figurative.1828 Lights & Shades Eng. Life II. 278 My wife's tarantula is never cured, her fingers are never out of her harpsichord.
3. figurative from 1, 2.
ΚΠ
1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one i. sig. A3v Hence Curtizan, round webd Tarantula.
1652 T. Urquhart Εκσκυβαλαυρον 245 Stung with the tarantula of a preposterous ambition.
1666 R. Wild Poems (1870) 103 May he resume King David's harp, and play The tarantule of discontent away.
1685 Answ. Duke of Buckingham on Lib. Consc. 4 Stung with the Tarantula of his Paper, which may make me dance and caper.
1721 M. Prior Dialogues of Dead (1907) 268 You find others bit with the same Tarantula.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. vi. 51 (Je le jure) Saw the Sun ever such a swearing people? Have they been bit by a swearing tarantula?
4. Erroneously for tarantella n., the dance.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > Italian dance or dancing > [noun]
Moresco1567
tarantula1698
Siciliana1724
Sicilian1728
tarantella1784
sicilienne1883
Morisca1935
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 111 They labour as much as a Lancashire Man does at Roger of Coverly, or the Tarantula of their Hornpipe.
1865 Daily Tel. 14 Dec. 7/3 All the dances of the civilised world, from the tarantula to the trois temps.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as tarantula bite, tarantula dance, tarantula dancer, tarantula spider, tarantula sting, etc.; tarantula-stung adj.
ΚΠ
1647 J. Harington Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 155 We grasp but airy blisses, and thus, tarantula-stung, dye midst laughing fits.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 215/2 The Tarantula Spider..of Apulia..hath only six legs, and a stretched out tail.
1835 B. G. Babington tr. J. F. C. Hecker Epidemics Middle Ages ii. 82 The excitement which the Tarantula dancers felt at the sight of anything with metallic lustre.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 12 Aug. 10/1 In Orsuna [Spain]..there is a ‘Guild of Tarantula-players’..who earn considerable fees by sending round their members to heal the sufferers from the tarantula bite.
C2.
tarantula-hawk n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > superfamily Pompiloidea or family Pompiliidae > member of genus Pepsis (tarantula-hawk)
tarantula-killer1867
tarantula-hawk1878
1878 B. F. Taylor Between Gates 198 The tarantula hawk..pounces upon his victim and makes a needle-cushion of him.
1932 Sun (Baltimore) 8 June 9/1 A large wasp, known..as a ‘tarantula hawk’, was victor over a tarantula in a battle.
1980 F. H. Wagner Wildlife of Deserts 148 Formidable as the tarantula is, it has its own enemies. The large tarantula hawk wasp (Pepsis) feeds the spiders to its young.
tarantula-juice n. U.S. slang inferior whisky.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > inferior whisky
red-eye1819
tarantula-juice1861
bug juice1863
Berlin spirit1878
bluestone1880
smoke1904
snakebite1979
1861 Harper's Mag. Jan. 147/2 Little to drink, except old-fashioned tarentula-juice, ‘warranted to kill at forty paces’.
1939 C. W. Towne Her Majesty Montana 38 In the saloons, poisonous liquors are vended to all comers under the name of ‘tangleleg’, ‘forty-rod’, ‘lightning’, ‘Tarantula-juice’, etc.
tarantula-killer n. any of several species of spider wasp of the genus Pepsis that occur in the south-western U.S. and kill tarantulas.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > superfamily Pompiloidea or family Pompiliidae > member of genus Pepsis (tarantula-hawk)
tarantula-killer1867
tarantula-hawk1878
1867 Amer. Naturalist 1 137 The large, red-winged ‘Tarantula Killer’..is, as far as I know, the largest of the dauber group.
1899 D. Sharp in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VI. iii. 105 P[epsis] formosus, Say, is called in Texas the tarantula-killer; according to Buckley, its mode of attack on the huge spider is different from that made use of by its European ally.

Derivatives

taˈrantular adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > psychoneurosis > hysteria
hysterical1603
mothersick1618
hysteric1655
tarantulary1781
hysteroid1839
hysteriform1843
hysteroidal1852
tarantular1857
hysterogenic1879
hysterogenous1879
hypnoid1898
hypnoidal1898
pithiatic1910
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > hysteria > tarantism
tarantulary1781
tarantular1857
1857 Chambers's Jrnl. 8 227/1 Seized with the tarentular phrensy.
taˈrantulary adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > psychoneurosis > hysteria
hysterical1603
mothersick1618
hysteric1655
tarantulary1781
hysteroid1839
hysteriform1843
hysteroidal1852
tarantular1857
hysterogenic1879
hysterogenous1879
hypnoid1898
hypnoidal1898
pithiatic1910
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > hysteria > tarantism
tarantulary1781
tarantular1857
1781 E. Poulter Peripatetics 14 In Bath..Perpetual Dancing's our disorder here. Gronovius proves them, to the plainest sense, Under Tarantulary influence.
taˈrantulous adj. of or pertaining to the tarantula (in quots. figurative).
ΚΠ
1895 Literary World 23 Aug. 141/1 The reputation..will survive the tarantulous bites of envious detractors.
taˈrantulate v. [compare Italian tarantolato] = tarantulize vb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [verb (transitive)] > affect with hysteria
tarantulize1652
tarantulate1737
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > afflict with convulsive or paralytic disorder [verb (transitive)] > tarantulize
tarantulize1652
tarantulate1737
1737 M. Green Spleen 146 Motions unwill'd its powers have shown Tarantulated by a tune.
taˈrantulize v. Obsolete transitive to affect with tarantism.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [verb (transitive)] > affect with hysteria
tarantulize1652
tarantulate1737
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > afflict with convulsive or paralytic disorder [verb (transitive)] > tarantulize
tarantulize1652
tarantulate1737
1652 E. Benlowes Theophila iii. lix. 44 In Saul, disguis'd, When Satan oft Tarantuliz'd, The Psalming Harp was 'bove they swaying Scepter priz'd.
taˈrantulism n. = tarantism n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > psychoneurosis > hysteria
mother?c1450
suffocation of the womb, matrix, motherc1550
strangulation of the matrix or womb1601
hysterica passio1603
suffocation (also rising, fit) of the mother1615
hysteric passion1655
tarantism1656
mother-fit1657
rising of the matrix1660
hysteria1757
tarantulism1774
pithiatism1910
mothersickness1993
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > hysteria > tarantism
tarantulaa1586
tarantism1656
tarantulism1774
1774 ‘J. Collier’ Musical Trav. 14 I drove away the evil spirit, and cured her of her tarantulism that night.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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