tallown.

Brit.

/ˈtaləʊ/, U.S.

/ˈtæloʊ/

Forms: α. Middle English talȝ, talwgh, Middle English talwȝ, Middle English talgh(e; ScottishMiddle English–1500s talch, 1500s tawlche, tawche, tauche, tawcht, 1500s–1600s tauch, 1600s–1700s taulch, 1800s taugh. β. Middle English talowȝ, Middle English–1500s talow(e, Middle English talogh, talough, talowgh, talwhe, talwe, Middle English–1500s talugh(e, talo, Middle English–1600s tallo, tallowe, 1500s– tallow. γ. ScottishMiddle English–1500s tallone, tallown(e, Middle English–1600s tallon, talloun(e, 1800s dialect tallan, tallin.

Etymology: Middle English talȝ, talgh, known first in 14th cent.; corresponds to Middle Low German talg, talch, Low German talg, in early modern Dutch talg, talch (16th cent.), Dutch talk feminine and German talg, in 1572 talck masculine; Modern Icelandic (14th cent.) tólg, tólk, Middle Danish (13th cent.) talgh, talwh, Middle Swedish talgh(er), modern Icelandic tólg, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish talg, Norwegian dialect tolg, taag, taalg, tølg, Faroese tálg. These forms indicate a common origin, but nowhere has the word yet been found before the 13th cent. In the Scandinavian languages a great diversity of gender suggests that the word is borrowed < Middle Low German; the Middle English may have had a similar origin, but the parallelism of English sallow, Scots sauch, < Old English sealh, Anglian salh, suggests for English tallow, Scots tauch, an Old English *tealh, *talh, = Old Low German *talg, talh. Ulterior etymology unknown.

a. The fat or adipose tissue of an animal, esp. that which yields the substance described in sense 2; suet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > fat

sueta1325

greasea1340

tallowa1382

leaf?c1425

fat1539

α.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xlvii. 2 As talȝ [a1425 L.V. ynnere fatnesse] seuered fro the flesh.

14.. Med. Receipts in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 53 Fresch talgh of a schepe.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 486/1 Talwhe (Pynson talowe), cepum.

15.. Aberdeen Regr. XXI. (Jam.) Scheip tawcht & nolt tawcht.

1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew xvii. 10 They're theekit about wi' their ain taugh.

β. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxiii. 18 [Thow] shal not leeue the talowȝ of my solempnete vnto the morwen.c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 60 Take schepis talow [B.M. MS. schepys talwȝ].c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 660/37 Hoc sepum, tallo.1486 Bk. of St. Albans F ij All beestis that beere talow and stonde vpright.a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1909) III. 663 That no bocher sell eny of his tallowe aboue ij.s. the ston.1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vii. 99 He feeds fast and his tallow wonderfully increaseth.1787 J. Hunter in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 389 Ruminating animals have that species of fat called tallow.1897 G. H. Clark in Outing 29 338/1 A much needed lunch of delicious reindeer tallow.

†b. figurative. ‘Fatness’, richness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun] > plenty or fertility

tallowc1380

fatnessc1384

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 104 For þei [prelatis] ben so chokid wiþ talow of worldly goodis.

2. A substance consisting of a somewhat hard animal fat (esp. that obtained from the parts about the kidneys of ruminating animals, now chiefly the sheep and ox), separated by melting and clarifying from the membranes, etc., naturally mixed with it; used for making candles and soap, dressing leather, and other purposes. In quot. a1616 at β. , dripping.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > tallow

tallowc1350

α.

c1350 Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds (1870) 359 Euerych sellere of grece and of smere and of talwȝ.

a1400 Coer de L. 1552 And wex sumdel caste thertoo, Talwgh and grese menge alsoo.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 444 Thorgh the ston, yf that the water synke, Take picche & talgh, as need is the to spende.

1449 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 402 That na man by talch mar than may suffice his houss.

a1500 Iter Camerar. c. 22 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. App. iv. 700/1 Þai suld gif þair lethir gude oyle and taulch [1609 Skene tauch].

1505 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 107 It is..forbidden that any maner of persoun melt or rynde thair tawlche in fore housis on the hie gaitt.

1544 Aberdeen Regr. I. 207 Selling of tauch.

1548 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 141 [To] by na kitchein fie nor paynsche tawche.

β. 1391 Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 71 Pro grees et talowe..emptis ibidem.1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) ii. lxi. 58 Wax..smelleth wors after it is quenchid, than doth ony talowe.1496 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 177 Talowgh. Also payed..for dcc weight Talowe.1541 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1857) I. 81 Hole cakes of rendred tallow.1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bij^v A candell (which other for lacke of talowe..can not geue light).a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 99 Her ragges and the Tallow in them, will burne a Poland Winter. 1623 R. Whitbourne Disc. New-found-land 98 Diuersities of the ground..that hath come in the Tallo, on the end of the Lead.1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are scarce any Animals, but a Sort of Tallow may be prepar'd from.1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1225 Tallow..of the ox consists of 76 parts of stearine, and 24 of oleine.1884 Harper's Mag. July 299/1 ‘Prime’ tallow is made from the kidney and caul fat only, while ‘regular’ tallow is made from the other fat, bones, and trimmings.γ. 1482 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 169 Buttir, vynagir, flesch, or tallone.1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 349 Item for xxiij pund of talloune to Mons.1498 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 23/1 Gold, siluer, tallon and al uther gudis that ar forbiddin to be had furth of the realme.1529 Rec. Edinb. (1871) 6 At na candilmakir melt thair tallone on the foirgait.1542 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 77 For viij dusane..girthis putt upon the talloun punscheonis.

a. Applied to various kinds of grease or greasy substances, e.g. those obtained from plants. mineral tallow = hatchettite n.: see mineral adj. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun]

fatnessc1000

pinguidity1598

fattiness1601

tallow1745

stearoid1882

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 185 Of all the Trees that grow in China, that which produces Tallow is in my Opinion the most surprizing.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) (at cited word) The berries when boiled in water yield a fragrant green wax, known as bayberry tallow, used for making candles, etc.

b. (See quot. 1876) local.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > rock formations > [noun] > stiria > stalagmite or stalactite

round dropstone1668

stalactite1677

stalactites1681

stalagmite1681

water pipe1681

dropstone1695

icicle1695

watericle1776

stalagmite1815

frostwork1835

tallow1876

helictite1882

stalagma1903

1876 H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales vii. 185 Beautiful plumose stalactites are often found in the fissures of the rock, and are called by the workmen..tallow.

4. Elliptical for tallow candle n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > made from animal fat > by dipping in tallow

tallow candle1452

dip1815

tallow1819

dip-candle1829

tolly1890

1819 M. Wilmot Let. 21 Dec. (1935) 42 Wax candles are both bad, and dear. We use them of course, and tallows in the nursery and Kitchen.

1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 13 97 A little pair of tallows unsnuffed before him.

1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Aug. 929/3 He would blow out his tallow behind Coloured glass.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. Made or consisting of tallow.

tallow-ball n.

ΚΠ

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxii. 448 A few rats chopped up and frozen into the tallow-balls.

tallow-cake n.

ΚΠ

1599 West Riding Sessions Rolls (Yorks. Rec. Series III.) 135 One tallowe cake..felonice cepit.

tallow-dip n. dip n.¹ 7.

ΚΠ

1835 G. A. McCall Lett. from Frontiers (1868) 274 I set down the tallow-dip upon the table.

tallow-grease n.

ΚΠ

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 640 The unhappy negro..is thrown into a stinking hold, kept upon rotten pease besmeared over with tallow grease.

tallow-soap n.

ΚΠ

1906 Daily Chron. 23 Oct. 5/2 The use of the old-fashioned tallow soaps.

b. Of, pertaining to, containing, or dealing in tallow.

tallow-can n.

ΚΠ

1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tallow-can, a vessel to hold melted tallow for lubricating purposes.

tallow-crap n. crap n.¹ 2.

ΚΠ

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Tallow-craps, the refuse or cracklings of tallow or hog's lard, after being rendered.

1863 ‘Holme Lee’ Annis Warleigh III. 224 To eat us out o' house an' home, an' keep Magsie doing for iver wi' biscuit, an' tallow-crap.

tallow-cup n.

ΚΠ

1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tallow-cup, a lubricating device for journal-boxes, etc., in which tallow is employed as the lubricant.

tallow-leaf n. leaf n.¹ 10.

ΚΠ

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. (at cited word) When an ox or a sheep has a gude tallow-leaf, it is considered to have fed weel, and to be deep on the rib.

tallow-light n.

ΚΠ

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island vii. xxxvii. 94 Tallow lights live glitt'ring, stinking die.

1825 Constable in Lockhart Scott lxii I have hitherto been thinking only of the wax lights, but before I'm a twelvemonth older I shall have my hand upon the tallow.

tallow-man n.

ΚΠ

1860 R. W. Emerson Beauty in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 259 I have noticed a block of spermaceti lying about..mantelpieces, for twenty years.., simply because the tallow-man gave it the form of a rabbit.

C2. Objective, instrumental, similative.

tallow-boiler n.

ΚΠ

1907 Westm. Gaz. 10 Dec. 9/2 The tallow-boiler, the soap manufacturer, and a vast number of other dependent trades have been hard hit.

tallow-melter n.

ΚΠ

1816 Ann. Reg. 1815 Chron. 34/2 A very alarming fire broke out at Mr. Dunkin's, tallow-melter, in Aldersgate Street.

tallow-caked adj.

ΚΠ

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. vi. sig. L.iij/2 With face of tallowcaked hewe.

tallow-coloured adj.

ΚΠ

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. x. 270 His cheek was still pale and tallow-coloured as before.

tallow-hued adj.

tallow-lighted adj.

ΚΠ

1879 G. J. Romanes in 19th Cent. Sept. 401 The tallow-lighted blackness of our mines.

tallow-like adj.

ΚΠ

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxv. 326 Frequently they were combined with small tallow-like sloughs of the mucous membrane at the angles of the mouth.

tallow-pale n.

ΚΠ

1595 Pleasant Quippes for Vpstart Gentle-women sig. A4^v But on each wight, now are they seene, The tallow-pale the browning-bay.

tallow-white adj.

ΚΠ

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxiv. 303 His nose was tallow-white.

C3. Special combinations: See also tallow candle n., tallow-chandler n., etc.

tallow-berry n. the edible fruit of a small malpighiaceous tree ( Byrsonima lucida) of the West Indies and Florida Keys; also called glamberry ( Cent. Dict. 1891); also, the tree.

tallow-bush n. U.S. = tallow shrub n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > myrica and allies > [noun]

galec1000

Dutch myrtle1597

sweet willow1597

gow1598

sweet-gale1640

candle-tree1692

candleberry tree1731

tallow shrub1770

myrica1791

wax-tree1791

wax-plant1801

wax-myrtle1813

Comptonia1823

tallow-bush1835

wax-berry1835

sweet fern1849

bog myrtle1866

meadow fern1876

flea-wood1892

1835 W. G. Simms Partisan 387 The prisoners..had been made to file into the groves of tallow bushes.

tallow-cut adj. = tallow-topped adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [adjective] > cut into facets > specific

tabled?1578

spread1676

table-cut1688

star-cut1704

tallow-drop1798

table-faced1853

tallow-cut1855

tallow-topped1865

marquise1903

scissor-cut1935

princess cut1961

1855 F. B. Palliser tr. J. Labarte Handbk. Arts Middle Ages & Renaissance iv. 111 Tallow-cut, that is, rounded and polished, in a convex shape, like the modern carbuncle.

1898 Athenæum 17 Sept. 391/2 A stone cut en cabochon—or tallow-cut, as the old term had it.

tallow-drop n. chiefly attributive, describing a style of cutting precious stones, by which one side is made smooth and convex, the other similarly convex, or flat, or concave.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [adjective] > cut into facets > specific

tabled?1578

spread1676

table-cut1688

star-cut1704

tallow-drop1798

table-faced1853

tallow-cut1855

tallow-topped1865

marquise1903

scissor-cut1935

princess cut1961

1798 C. Greville in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 411 Stones..of the common India polish and form, en cabochon, which is often called tallow drop, from the French..term goutte de suif.

1892 R. Kipling & W. Balestier Naulahka vi. 61 It's a tallow-drop emerald.

tallow-gourd n. an East Indian climbing cucurbitaceous plant, Benincasa cerifera ( B. hispida), so called from the waxy substance which exudes from its fruit when ripe; also called wax-gourd, white gourd.

tallow-loaf n. †(a) a lump of tallow; also figurative; (b) attributive applied to a kind of cabbage (cf. loaf n.¹ 5), also called drumhead n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > tallow > types or forms of

tallow-loaf1483

patch-grease1614

town tallow1734

rough stuff1798

1483 Cath. Angl. 377/2 A Talghe lafe (A. A Tallow lafe), congiarium.

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. T2 The verie guts and garbage of his Note-book, he hath put into this tallow loafe.

1780 Lett. & Pap. Bath Soc. I. 17 The sort principally raised is the tallow-loaf, or drum-head cabbage.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 682 Known in some districts by the name of the tallow loaf cabbage.

tallow-nut n. a thorny tree, Ximenia americana (N.O. Olacaceæ), native of tropical America, bearing a plum-like fruit containing a white seed or ‘nut’; also called hog plum n., mountain plum n. at mountain n. and adj. Compounds 2d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > of tropical America > hog-plum tree

hog plum tree1697

tallow-nut1791

mountain plum1837

hog plum1877

1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 94 These shelly ridges have a vegetable surface of loose black mould, very fertile, which naturally produces..Tallow-nut, or Wild Lime, and many others.

1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 34 Wild Lime. Tallow Nut... Common and reaching its greatest development in Florida.

tallow-nutmeg n. a species of nutmeg-tree, Myristica sebifera, native of tropical South America, whose seed yields a concrete oil known as American nutmeg-oil, or virola-tallow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plant, nut, or bean yielding oil > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding oil > South American

Santa Maria1696

tallow-nutmeg1891

1891 Cent. Dict. Tallow-nut. Tallow-nutmeg.

tallow-oil n. oil expressed from tallow.

tallow pot n. U.S. and Australian slang the fireman on a locomotive engine.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > fireman

fireman1849

bakehead1907

tallow pot1914

1914 Dial. Notes 4 164 Tallow pot,..the fireman of a locomotive.

1929 Bookman July 524/1 I'm surprised to find a student tallow-pot up in the cab takin' orders from the bakehead.

1960 Listener 18 Aug. 250/2 Firemen are ‘tallowpots’ or ‘bakebrains’.

1968 Amer. Speech 43 289 Tallow pot,..originally, before the days of lube oil, a fireman was so-called because he had to get out onto the steam chest of the engine with a can of tallow and hold it so the lubricant would be drawn into the cylinder.

tallow shrub n. a North American shrub, Myrica cerifera, also called bayberry n. 2, candleberry n. a(a), or wax-myrtle, whose fruit yields a wax-like substance (bayberry tallow) used for candles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > myrica and allies > [noun]

galec1000

Dutch myrtle1597

sweet willow1597

gow1598

sweet-gale1640

candle-tree1692

candleberry tree1731

tallow shrub1770

myrica1791

wax-tree1791

wax-plant1801

wax-myrtle1813

Comptonia1823

tallow-bush1835

wax-berry1835

sweet fern1849

bog myrtle1866

meadow fern1876

flea-wood1892

1770 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. I. 192 Tallow shrub, or Candleberry Tree.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Tallow-shrub, Myrica cerifera.

tallow-top n. a precious stone cut in tallow-drop n. fashion; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [noun] > cut in specific style

table1530

cardiace1601

star-cut1815

rose cut1820

tallow-top1881

navette1908

baguette1926

marquise1945

1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 126 Finishers generally use the old English screw head tool for producing the beautiful ‘tallow top’ screws used in English work.

tallow-topped adj. see quot.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [adjective] > cut into facets > specific

tabled?1578

spread1676

table-cut1688

star-cut1704

tallow-drop1798

table-faced1853

tallow-cut1855

tallow-topped1865

marquise1903

scissor-cut1935

princess cut1961

1865 H. Emanuel Diamonds & Precious Stones 144 The old English expression, tallow-topped, which means cut, not in facets, but with a flat or hollow base, and a smooth convex top.

tallow-wood n. a large Australian tree, Eucalyptus microcorys, which yields a very hard greasy wood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Australasian

tallow-tree1704

rata1773

rosewood1779

red mahogany1798

ironbark1799

wild orange1802

red gum1803

rewarewa1817

red cedar1818

black-butted gum1820

Huon pine1820

miro1820

oak1821

horoeka1831

hinau1832

maire1832

totara1832

blackbutt1833

marri1833

raspberry jam tree1833

kohekohe1835

puriri1835

tawa1839

hickory1840

whau1840

pukatea1841

titoki1842

butterbush1843

iron gum1844

York gum1846

mangeao1848

myall1848

ironheart1859

lilly-pilly1860

belah1862

flindosa1862

jarrah1866

silky oak1866

teak of New South Wales1866

Tolosa-wood1866

turmeric-tree1866

walking-stick palm1869

tooart1870

queenwood1873

tarairi1873

boree1878

yate1880

axe-breaker1884

bangalay1884

coachwood1884

cudgerie1884

feather-wood1884

forest mahogany1884

maiden's blush1884

swamp mahogany1884

tallow-wood1884

teak of New Zealand1884

wandoo1884

heartwood1885

ivorywood1887

Jimmy Low1887

Burdekin plum1889

corkwood1889

pigeon-berry ash1889

red beech1889

silver beech1889

turnip-wood1891

black bean1895

red bean1895

pinkwood1898

poplar1898

rose mahogany1898

quandong1908

lancewood1910

New Zealand honeysuckle1910

Queensland walnut1919

mahogany gum1944

Australian mahogany1948

1884 A. Nilson Timber Trees New S. Wales 67 Tallowwood; Mahogany.—A tall tree, with a persistent furrowed fibrous bark.

1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 493 In Queensland it is known as ‘Peppermint’... But its almost universal name is Tallow Wood... Used..for flooring, e.g. in ball-rooms.

1897 Argus (Melbourne) 22 Feb. 5/4 in E. E. Morris Austral Eng. (1898) That the New South Wales black butt and tallow wood were the most durable and noiseless woods for street-paving.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tallowv.

Forms: see prec.

Etymology: < tallow n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtallow.

a. transitive. To smear or anoint with tallow; to grease (formerly esp. the bottom of a ship or boat).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > oiliness or greasiness > [verb (transitive)] > smear with fat or grease

tallowa1400

lardc1420

greasec1450

begrease1565

belard1885

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > work with coating or covering materials [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with other materials

rosin1357

tallowa1400

oildreg?1440

overlute1527

mastica1538

flock1567

gum1612

betallow1638

begum1730

roset1773

soft-soap1833

French-chalk1870

brasque1880

vaseline1891

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > fit out or equip > clean and coat ship's bottom > smear with tallow (and sulphur)

tallowa1400

a1400–50 Alexander 4208 Quen it [a barge] was done..pickid & taloghid.

1463 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 220 To the schypmen that talluyd the shyp boot, vj. d. for wyne.

c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 486/1 (MS. A) Talwyn (Pynson talowyn), sepo.

1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 225 Talowe occupied abought talowying of the seid ship.

1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 378 Item, for pyk to hir and to talloune hir.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 752/1 Tallowe your shyppe or you go, it shall forther you moche on your waye.

1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiii Commaunde..that thy Shyppes be secretely calked, tallowed, ballaced.

1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 84 There's near as much Stuff drops from his Carcass every Day, as would tallow the Ship's Bottom.

1806 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 89 Tallowed my boats with our candles and launched them.

1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts vii I..tallowed my nose, and went to bed.

†b. intransitive (for reflexive). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > work with coating or covering materials [verb (intransitive)] > tallow

tallow1666

1666 London Gaz. No. 28/3 The Forrester having washed and tallowed here, is gone to her station.

1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 235 The Sloop Wash'd and Tallow'd also.

a. intransitive. Of cattle, etc.: To form, produce, or yield tallow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [verb (intransitive)] > yield tallow

tallowa1722

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 262 Old cows generally tallowed best withinside.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 262 Very rarely [for a young cow] to tallow well on the inside.

1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1815) VIII. 63 Their only question will be..how he [the Duke of Bedford] cuts up? how he tallows in the cawl or on the kidneys?

a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 400/2 [Cattle] famous for..tallowing within in the first degree.

b. transitive. To cause (cattle, etc.) to form tallow; to fatten. (Cf. tallowed adj. 2.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > fatten

masteOE

fatc1386

frankc1440

to set up1540

fatten1552

feed1552

cram1577

engrease1583

to raise in flesh1608

adipate1623

saginate1623

batten1638

to stall to1764

tallow1765

to fat off1789

to make up1794

higglea1825

finish1841

force1847

to feed off1852

steam1947

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > fatten

masteOE

fatc1386

to set up1540

fatten1552

feed1552

forcea1571

cram1577

engrease1583

to raise in flesh1608

saginate1623

to stall to1764

tallow1765

stall-feed1766

graze1787

to fat off1789

to make up1794

higglea1825

finish1841

to feed off1852

steam1947

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 xliv. 190 The largest pasture..will neither skin nor tallow, or, in other words, is fit for nothing but young stock.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tallow,..to cause to have a large quantity of tallow; as, to tallow sheep.

Derivatives

ˈtallowing n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1495 [see sense 1a].

1828 in N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

单词	tallow
释义	tallown. Brit. /ˈtaləʊ/, U.S. /ˈtæloʊ/ Forms: α. Middle English talȝ, talwgh, Middle English talwȝ, Middle English talgh(e; ScottishMiddle English–1500s talch, 1500s tawlche, tawche, tauche, tawcht, 1500s–1600s tauch, 1600s–1700s taulch, 1800s taugh. β. Middle English talowȝ, Middle English–1500s talow(e, Middle English talogh, talough, talowgh, talwhe, talwe, Middle English–1500s talugh(e, talo, Middle English–1600s tallo, tallowe, 1500s– tallow. γ. ScottishMiddle English–1500s tallone, tallown(e, Middle English–1600s tallon, talloun(e, 1800s dialect tallan, tallin. Etymology: Middle English talȝ, talgh, known first in 14th cent.; corresponds to Middle Low German talg, talch, Low German talg, in early modern Dutch talg, talch (16th cent.), Dutch talk feminine and German talg, in 1572 talck masculine; Modern Icelandic (14th cent.) tólg, tólk, Middle Danish (13th cent.) talgh, talwh, Middle Swedish talgh(er), modern Icelandic tólg, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish talg, Norwegian dialect tolg, taag, taalg, tølg, Faroese tálg. These forms indicate a common origin, but nowhere has the word yet been found before the 13th cent. In the Scandinavian languages a great diversity of gender suggests that the word is borrowed < Middle Low German; the Middle English may have had a similar origin, but the parallelism of English sallow, Scots sauch, < Old English sealh, Anglian salh, suggests for English tallow, Scots tauch, an Old English tealh, talh, = Old Low German talg, talh. Ulterior etymology unknown. 1. a. The fat or adipose tissue of an animal, esp. that which yields the substance described in sense 2; suet. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > fat sueta1325 greasea1340 tallowa1382 leaf?c1425 fat1539 α. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.)* (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xlvii. 2 As talȝ [a1425 L.V. ynnere fatnesse] seuered fro the flesh. 14.. Med. Receipts in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 53 Fresch talgh of a schepe. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 486/1 Talwhe (Pynson talowe), cepum. 15.. Aberdeen Regr. XXI. (Jam.) Scheip tawcht & nolt tawcht. 1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew xvii. 10 They're theekit about wi' their ain taugh. β. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxiii. 18 [Thow] shal not leeue the talowȝ of my solempnete vnto the morwen.c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 60 Take schepis talow [B.M. MS. schepys talwȝ].c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 660/37 Hoc sepum, tallo.1486 Bk. of St. Albans F ij All beestis that beere talow and stonde vpright.a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1909) III. 663 That no bocher sell eny of his tallowe aboue ij.s. the ston.1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vii. 99 He feeds fast and his tallow wonderfully increaseth.1787 J. Hunter in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 389 Ruminating animals have that species of fat called tallow.1897 G. H. Clark in Outing 29 338/1 A much needed lunch of delicious reindeer tallow. †b. figurative. ‘Fatness’, richness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [noun] > plenty or fertility tallowc1380 fatnessc1384 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 104 For þei [prelatis] ben so chokid wiþ talow of worldly goodis. 2. A substance consisting of a somewhat hard animal fat (esp. that obtained from the parts about the kidneys of ruminating animals, now chiefly the sheep and ox), separated by melting and clarifying from the membranes, etc., naturally mixed with it; used for making candles and soap, dressing leather, and other purposes. In quot. a1616 at β. , dripping. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > tallow tallowc1350 α. c1350 Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds (1870) 359 Euerych sellere of grece and of smere and of talwȝ. a1400 Coer de L. 1552 And wex sumdel caste thertoo, Talwgh and grese menge alsoo. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 444 Thorgh the ston, yf that the water synke, Take picche & talgh, as need is the to spende. 1449 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 402 That na man by talch mar than may suffice his houss. a1500 Iter Camerar. c. 22 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. App. iv. 700/1 Þai suld gif þair lethir gude oyle and taulch [1609 Skene tauch]. 1505 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 107 It is..forbidden that any maner of persoun melt or rynde thair tawlche in fore housis on the hie gaitt. 1544 Aberdeen Regr. I. 207 Selling of tauch. 1548 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1871) II. 141 [To] by na kitchein fie nor paynsche tawche. β. 1391 Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 71 Pro grees et talowe..emptis ibidem.1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) ii. lxi. 58 Wax..smelleth wors after it is quenchid, than doth ony talowe.1496 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 177 Talowgh. Also payed..for dcc weight Talowe.1541 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1857) I. 81 Hole cakes of rendred tallow.1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bij^v A candell (which other for lacke of talowe..can not geue light).a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 99 Her ragges and the Tallow in them, will burne a Poland Winter. View more context for this quotation1623 R. Whitbourne Disc. New-found-land 98 Diuersities of the ground..that hath come in the Tallo, on the end of the Lead.1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are scarce any Animals, but a Sort of Tallow may be prepar'd from.1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1225 Tallow..of the ox consists of 76 parts of stearine, and 24 of oleine.1884 Harper's Mag. July 299/1 ‘Prime’ tallow is made from the kidney and caul fat only, while ‘regular’ tallow is made from the other fat, bones, and trimmings.γ. 1482 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 169 Buttir, vynagir, flesch, or tallone.1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 349 Item for xxiij pund of talloune to Mons.1498 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 23/1 Gold, siluer, tallon and al uther gudis that ar forbiddin to be had furth of the realme.1529 Rec. Edinb. (1871) 6 At na candilmakir melt thair tallone on the foirgait.1542 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 77 For viij dusane..girthis putt upon the talloun punscheonis. 3. a. Applied to various kinds of grease or greasy substances, e.g. those obtained from plants. mineral tallow = hatchettite n.: see mineral adj. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] fatnessc1000 pinguidity1598 fattiness1601 tallow1745 stearoid1882 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 185 Of all the Trees that grow in China, that which produces Tallow is in my Opinion the most surprizing. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) (at cited word) The berries when boiled in water yield a fragrant green wax, known as bayberry tallow, used for making candles, etc. b. (See quot. 1876) local. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > rock formations > [noun] > stiria > stalagmite or stalactite round dropstone1668 stalactite1677 stalactites1681 stalagmite1681 water pipe1681 dropstone1695 icicle1695 watericle1776 stalagmite1815 frostwork1835 tallow1876 helictite1882 stalagma1903 1876 H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales vii. 185 Beautiful plumose stalactites are often found in the fissures of the rock, and are called by the workmen..tallow. 4. Elliptical for tallow candle n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > made from animal fat > by dipping in tallow tallow candle1452 dip1815 tallow1819 dip-candle1829 tolly1890 1819 M. Wilmot Let. 21 Dec. (1935) 42 Wax candles are both bad, and dear. We use them of course, and tallows in the nursery and Kitchen. 1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 13 97 A little pair of tallows unsnuffed before him. 1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Aug. 929/3 He would blow out his tallow behind Coloured glass. Compounds C1. General attributive. Made or consisting of tallow. a. tallow-ball n. ΚΠ 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxxii. 448 A few rats chopped up and frozen into the tallow-balls. tallow-cake n. ΚΠ 1599 West Riding Sessions Rolls (Yorks. Rec. Series III.) 135 One tallowe cake..felonice cepit. tallow-dip n. dip n.¹ 7. ΚΠ 1835 G. A. McCall Lett. from Frontiers (1868) 274 I set down the tallow-dip upon the table. tallow-grease n. ΚΠ 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 640 The unhappy negro..is thrown into a stinking hold, kept upon rotten pease besmeared over with tallow grease. tallow-soap n. ΚΠ 1906 Daily Chron. 23 Oct. 5/2 The use of the old-fashioned tallow soaps. b. Of, pertaining to, containing, or dealing in tallow. tallow-can n. ΚΠ 1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tallow-can, a vessel to hold melted tallow for lubricating purposes. tallow-crap n. crap n.¹ 2. ΚΠ 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Tallow-craps, the refuse or cracklings of tallow or hog's lard, after being rendered. 1863 ‘Holme Lee’ Annis Warleigh III. 224 To eat us out o' house an' home, an' keep Magsie doing for iver wi' biscuit, an' tallow-crap. tallow-cup n. ΚΠ 1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tallow-cup, a lubricating device for journal-boxes, etc., in which tallow is employed as the lubricant. tallow-leaf n. leaf n.¹ 10. ΚΠ 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. (at cited word) When an ox or a sheep has a gude tallow-leaf, it is considered to have fed weel, and to be deep on the rib. tallow-light n. ΚΠ 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island vii. xxxvii. 94 Tallow lights live glitt'ring, stinking die. 1825 Constable in Lockhart Scott lxii I have hitherto been thinking only of the wax lights, but before I'm a twelvemonth older I shall have my hand upon the tallow. tallow-man n. ΚΠ 1860 R. W. Emerson Beauty in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 259 I have noticed a block of spermaceti lying about..mantelpieces, for twenty years.., simply because the tallow-man gave it the form of a rabbit. C2. Objective, instrumental, similative. a. tallow-boiler n. ΚΠ 1907 Westm. Gaz. 10 Dec. 9/2 The tallow-boiler, the soap manufacturer, and a vast number of other dependent trades have been hard hit. tallow-melter n. ΚΠ 1816 Ann. Reg. 1815 Chron. 34/2 A very alarming fire broke out at Mr. Dunkin's, tallow-melter, in Aldersgate Street. b. tallow-caked adj. ΚΠ 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. vi. sig. L.iij/2 With face of tallowcaked hewe. tallow-coloured adj. ΚΠ 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel I. x. 270 His cheek was still pale and tallow-coloured as before. tallow-hued adj. tallow-lighted adj. ΚΠ 1879 G. J. Romanes in 19th Cent. Sept. 401 The tallow-lighted blackness of our mines. tallow-like adj. ΚΠ 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxv. 326 Frequently they were combined with small tallow-like sloughs of the mucous membrane at the angles of the mouth. tallow-pale n. ΚΠ 1595 Pleasant Quippes for Vpstart Gentle-women sig. A4^v But on each wight, now are they seene, The tallow-pale the browning-bay. tallow-white adj. ΚΠ 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxiv. 303 His nose was tallow-white. C3. Special combinations: See also tallow candle n., tallow-chandler n., etc. tallow-berry n. the edible fruit of a small malpighiaceous tree ( Byrsonima lucida) of the West Indies and Florida Keys; also called glamberry ( Cent. Dict. 1891); also, the tree. tallow-bush n. U.S. = tallow shrub n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > myrica and allies > [noun] galec1000 Dutch myrtle1597 sweet willow1597 gow1598 sweet-gale1640 candle-tree1692 candleberry tree1731 tallow shrub1770 myrica1791 wax-tree1791 wax-plant1801 wax-myrtle1813 Comptonia1823 tallow-bush1835 wax-berry1835 sweet fern1849 bog myrtle1866 meadow fern1876 flea-wood1892 1835 W. G. Simms Partisan 387 The prisoners..had been made to file into the groves of tallow bushes. tallow-cut adj. = tallow-topped adj. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [adjective] > cut into facets > specific tabled?1578 spread1676 table-cut1688 star-cut1704 tallow-drop1798 table-faced1853 tallow-cut1855 tallow-topped1865 marquise1903 scissor-cut1935 princess cut1961 1855 F. B. Palliser tr. J. Labarte Handbk. Arts Middle Ages & Renaissance iv. 111 Tallow-cut, that is, rounded and polished, in a convex shape, like the modern carbuncle. 1898 Athenæum 17 Sept. 391/2 A stone cut en cabochon—or tallow-cut, as the old term had it. tallow-drop n. chiefly attributive, describing a style of cutting precious stones, by which one side is made smooth and convex, the other similarly convex, or flat, or concave. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [adjective] > cut into facets > specific tabled?1578 spread1676 table-cut1688 star-cut1704 tallow-drop1798 table-faced1853 tallow-cut1855 tallow-topped1865 marquise1903 scissor-cut1935 princess cut1961 1798 C. Greville in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 411 Stones..of the common India polish and form, en cabochon, which is often called tallow drop, from the French..term goutte de suif. 1892 R. Kipling & W. Balestier Naulahka vi. 61 It's a tallow-drop emerald. tallow-gourd n. an East Indian climbing cucurbitaceous plant, Benincasa cerifera ( B. hispida), so called from the waxy substance which exudes from its fruit when ripe; also called wax-gourd, white gourd. tallow-loaf n. †(a) a lump of tallow; also figurative; (b) attributive applied to a kind of cabbage (cf. loaf n.¹ 5), also called drumhead n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > derived from animals > tallow > types or forms of tallow-loaf1483 patch-grease1614 town tallow1734 rough stuff1798 1483 Cath. Angl. 377/2 A Talghe lafe (A. A Tallow lafe), congiarium. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. T2 The verie guts and garbage of his Note-book, he hath put into this tallow loafe. 1780 Lett. & Pap. Bath Soc. I. 17 The sort principally raised is the tallow-loaf, or drum-head cabbage. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 682 Known in some districts by the name of the tallow loaf cabbage. tallow-nut n. a thorny tree, Ximenia americana (N.O. Olacaceæ), native of tropical America, bearing a plum-like fruit containing a white seed or ‘nut’; also called hog plum n., mountain plum n. at mountain n. and adj. Compounds 2d. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > of tropical America > hog-plum tree hog plum tree1697 tallow-nut1791 mountain plum1837 hog plum1877 1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 94 These shelly ridges have a vegetable surface of loose black mould, very fertile, which naturally produces..Tallow-nut, or Wild Lime, and many others. 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 34 Wild Lime. Tallow Nut... Common and reaching its greatest development in Florida. tallow-nutmeg n. a species of nutmeg-tree, Myristica sebifera, native of tropical South America, whose seed yields a concrete oil known as American nutmeg-oil, or virola-tallow. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plant, nut, or bean yielding oil > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding oil > South American Santa Maria1696 tallow-nutmeg1891 1891 Cent. Dict. Tallow-nut. Tallow-nutmeg. tallow-oil n. oil expressed from tallow. tallow pot n. U.S. and Australian slang the fireman on a locomotive engine. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > fireman fireman1849 bakehead1907 tallow pot1914 1914 Dial. Notes 4 164 Tallow pot,..the fireman of a locomotive. 1929 Bookman July 524/1 I'm surprised to find a student tallow-pot up in the cab takin' orders from the bakehead. 1960 Listener 18 Aug. 250/2 Firemen are ‘tallowpots’ or ‘bakebrains’. 1968 Amer. Speech 43 289 Tallow pot,..originally, before the days of lube oil, a fireman was so-called because he had to get out onto the steam chest of the engine with a can of tallow and hold it so the lubricant would be drawn into the cylinder. tallow shrub n. a North American shrub, Myrica cerifera, also called bayberry n. 2, candleberry n. a(a), or wax-myrtle, whose fruit yields a wax-like substance (bayberry tallow) used for candles. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > myrica and allies > [noun] galec1000 Dutch myrtle1597 sweet willow1597 gow1598 sweet-gale1640 candle-tree1692 candleberry tree1731 tallow shrub1770 myrica1791 wax-tree1791 wax-plant1801 wax-myrtle1813 Comptonia1823 tallow-bush1835 wax-berry1835 sweet fern1849 bog myrtle1866 meadow fern1876 flea-wood1892 1770 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. I. 192 Tallow shrub, or Candleberry Tree. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Tallow-shrub, Myrica cerifera. tallow-top n. a precious stone cut in tallow-drop n. fashion; also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [noun] > cut in specific style table1530 cardiace1601 star-cut1815 rose cut1820 tallow-top1881 navette1908 baguette1926 marquise1945 1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 126 Finishers generally use the old English screw head tool for producing the beautiful ‘tallow top’ screws used in English work. tallow-topped adj. see quot. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > [adjective] > cut into facets > specific tabled?1578 spread1676 table-cut1688 star-cut1704 tallow-drop1798 table-faced1853 tallow-cut1855 tallow-topped1865 marquise1903 scissor-cut1935 princess cut1961 1865 H. Emanuel Diamonds & Precious Stones 144 The old English expression, tallow-topped, which means cut, not in facets, but with a flat or hollow base, and a smooth convex top. tallow-wood n. a large Australian tree, Eucalyptus microcorys, which yields a very hard greasy wood. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > Australasian tallow-tree1704 rata1773 rosewood1779 red mahogany1798 ironbark1799 wild orange1802 red gum1803 rewarewa1817 red cedar1818 black-butted gum1820 Huon pine1820 miro1820 oak1821 horoeka1831 hinau1832 maire1832 totara1832 blackbutt1833 marri1833 raspberry jam tree1833 kohekohe1835 puriri1835 tawa1839 hickory1840 whau1840 pukatea1841 titoki1842 butterbush1843 iron gum1844 York gum1846 mangeao1848 myall1848 ironheart1859 lilly-pilly1860 belah1862 flindosa1862 jarrah1866 silky oak1866 teak of New South Wales1866 Tolosa-wood1866 turmeric-tree1866 walking-stick palm1869 tooart1870 queenwood1873 tarairi1873 boree1878 yate1880 axe-breaker1884 bangalay1884 coachwood1884 cudgerie1884 feather-wood1884 forest mahogany1884 maiden's blush1884 swamp mahogany1884 tallow-wood1884 teak of New Zealand1884 wandoo1884 heartwood1885 ivorywood1887 Jimmy Low1887 Burdekin plum1889 corkwood1889 pigeon-berry ash1889 red beech1889 silver beech1889 turnip-wood1891 black bean1895 red bean1895 pinkwood1898 poplar1898 rose mahogany1898 quandong1908 lancewood1910 New Zealand honeysuckle1910 Queensland walnut1919 mahogany gum1944 Australian mahogany1948 1884 A. Nilson Timber Trees New S. Wales 67 Tallowwood; Mahogany.—A tall tree, with a persistent furrowed fibrous bark. 1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 493 In Queensland it is known as ‘Peppermint’... But its almost universal name is Tallow Wood... Used..for flooring, e.g. in ball-rooms. 1897 Argus (Melbourne) 22 Feb. 5/4 in E. E. Morris Austral Eng. (1898) That the New South Wales black butt and tallow wood were the most durable and noiseless woods for street-paving. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tallowv. Forms: see prec. Etymology: < tallow n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtallow. 1. a. transitive. To smear or anoint with tallow; to grease (formerly esp. the bottom of a ship or boat). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > oiliness or greasiness > [verb (transitive)] > smear with fat or grease tallowa1400 lardc1420 greasec1450 begrease1565 belard1885 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > work with coating or covering materials [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with other materials rosin1357 tallowa1400 oildreg?1440 overlute1527 mastica1538 flock1567 gum1612 betallow1638 begum1730 roset1773 soft-soap1833 French-chalk1870 brasque1880 vaseline1891 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > fit out or equip > clean and coat ship's bottom > smear with tallow (and sulphur) tallowa1400 a1400–50 Alexander 4208 Quen it [a barge] was done..pickid & taloghid. 1463 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 220 To the schypmen that talluyd the shyp boot, vj. d. for wyne. c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 486/1 (MS. A) Talwyn (Pynson talowyn), sepo. 1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 225 Talowe occupied abought talowying of the seid ship. 1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 378 Item, for pyk to hir and to talloune hir. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 752/1 Tallowe your shyppe or you go, it shall forther you moche on your waye. 1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Oiii Commaunde..that thy Shyppes be secretely calked, tallowed, ballaced. 1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 84 There's near as much Stuff drops from his Carcass every Day, as would tallow the Ship's Bottom. 1806 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 89 Tallowed my boats with our candles and launched them. 1886 J. K. Jerome Idle Thoughts vii I..tallowed my nose, and went to bed. †b. intransitive (for reflexive). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > work with coating or covering materials [verb (intransitive)] > tallow tallow1666 1666 London Gaz. No. 28/3 The Forrester having washed and tallowed here, is gone to her station. 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 235 The Sloop Wash'd and Tallow'd also. 2. a. intransitive. Of cattle, etc.: To form, produce, or yield tallow. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [verb (intransitive)] > yield tallow tallowa1722 a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 262 Old cows generally tallowed best withinside. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 262 Very rarely [for a young cow] to tallow well on the inside. 1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1815) VIII. 63 Their only question will be..how he [the Duke of Bedford] cuts up? how he tallows in the cawl or on the kidneys? a1843 R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 400/2 [Cattle] famous for..tallowing within in the first degree. b. transitive. To cause (cattle, etc.) to form tallow; to fatten. (Cf. tallowed adj. 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > fatten masteOE fatc1386 frankc1440 to set up1540 fatten1552 feed1552 cram1577 engrease1583 to raise in flesh1608 adipate1623 saginate1623 batten1638 to stall to1764 tallow1765 to fat off1789 to make up1794 higglea1825 finish1841 force1847 to feed off1852 steam1947 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > fatten masteOE fatc1386 to set up1540 fatten1552 feed1552 forcea1571 cram1577 engrease1583 to raise in flesh1608 saginate1623 to stall to1764 tallow1765 stall-feed1766 graze1787 to fat off1789 to make up1794 higglea1825 finish1841 to feed off1852 steam1947 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 xliv. 190 The largest pasture..will neither skin nor tallow, or, in other words, is fit for nothing but young stock. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Tallow,..to cause to have a large quantity of tallow; as, to tallow sheep. Derivatives ˈtallowing n. and adj. ΚΠ 1495 [see sense 1a]. 1828 in N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2020). < n.c1350v.a1400
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