testimonialadj.n.

/tɛstɪˈməʊnɪəl/

Forms: Also Middle English tesmoingnal; Middle English–1500s testymonial; Middle English testimoneal, Middle English–1500s testimonyal; Middle English testimoniell, Middle English–1600s testimoniall(e.

Etymology: < Old French tesmoignal and testimonial, in phrase lettres tes(ti)moniaulx (13th cent. in Godefroy Compl.), < late Latin testimōniālis , (litterae ) testimōniālēs credentials; < Old French tesmoin , Latin testimōnium testimony n.: see -al suffix¹.

A. adj.

a. (now archaic or technical.) Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of testimony; serving as evidence; conducive to proof. testimonial proof, proof by the testimony of a witness; parole evidence. (Quot. c1430 may belong to the noun.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective]

testimonialc1430

evidential1610

witnessed1746

evidentiary1809

attestative1827

adductive1873

testatory1907

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 254 To have memory upon thy passioun, Testimonial of my redempcioun.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Bi^v/1 Testimoniall, testimonialis.

1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 111 Which argument how artificiall it is, being barely testimoniall, or how [etc.].

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. vii. 25 We become emancipated from testimoniall engagements.

1680 J. Cheyney Vindic. Oaths (ed. 2) 6 An Oath in matters Testimonial and pertaining to Witness-bearing is the highest proof and confirmation that can be.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. i. v. 69 Evidence, which, though not properly testimonial, may..be called personal.

1883 Wharton's Law-lexicon (ed. 7) Testimonial proof, parol evidence. Civ. Law.

†b. letter testimonial n. Obsolete rarely testimonial letter (usually plural letters testimonial(s)): a letter testifying to the bona fides of the bearer; credentials; = B. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > document certifying bearer > letter of credence or commendation

letter of credence?a1400

letter testimonial1425

credential letter1433

letter of credit1552

commendatory letter or epistle1555

letter of commendation1555

testimonial1571

fiduciary1593

letter of reference1616

credential1656

creditive letter1662

creditive1670

reference1818

1421 Rolls of Parl. IV. 158/1 Havynge lettres testimonyalx sufficeantz of on of those degrees of the Universite.]

1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 289/2 That the same Marchant..brynge Lettres Tesmoingnals..under seel..of Maieur.

1439 Rolls of Parl. V. 33/2 Who so..come without Letters Testimoniall of the Chifteyn.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvii. 232 Is it the bringing of testimoniall letters wherein so great obliquitie consisteth?

1678 W. Dillingham Serm. Funeral Lady Alston 26 St. Paul..hath recourse unto his own Conscience for his Letters Testimonial.

1751 G. Lavington Enthusiasm Methodists & Papists: Pt. III 172 She was furnished with Letters Testimonial, to obtain Provisions on the Road.

B. n. [Compare obsolete French testimoniale, noun (Cotgrave).]

†1. Verbal or documentary evidence; = testimony n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony

witnessc950

proof?c1225

witnessingc1330

evidencea1387

probacyc1460

probation?a1475

testimonial?a1475

testimony?a1475

testimonage1483

testamentc1485

conjecture1526

fact?1531

trial1532

teste1567

suffragy1571

attest1609

probate1610

testa1616

testate1619

discovery1622

constat1623

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 251 Permenides, after the testimonialle of Boice,..laborede and founde the arte of logike.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xxii. 222 Als Virginius..stude in testimoniall of his meritis and loving.

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 35 Fowles being brought to the barre agayne, desyred that the testimonyall of theis dyers may not be used against him.

1707 (title) A Cry from the Desart, or Testimonials of Several Miraculous Things lately come to pass in the Cevennes.

†2. Something serving as proof or evidence; a token, record, manifestation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > piece of

tokenOE

witnessa1325

samplec1380

argumentc1384

weda1400

reporta1425

testimonial1495

notea1555

testimony1597

vouchera1616

attestate1630

manifesto1644

deposition1648

vouchee1657

testatur1702

1495 in S. P. H. Statham Dover Charters (1902) 278 Onlesse.. y^e said..purcer shew under auctentik, sufficient, or evident testimonialle y^t y^er is founde sufficient..surete in othir places.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiv. 89 Annibal send to cartage thre muis of gold ryngis..for ane testimonial of his grit victorie.

a1647 T. Habington Surv. Worcs. (Worcs. Hist. Soc.) (1895) I. iii. 436 Without Armes or Inscription, as a testimonialle of her priveleadge.

a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) XI. 126 When he required a testimonial of Peter's affection.

1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 182 In this second part numerous testimonials of the truth of this doctrine are given.

†3.

a. A written attestation by some authorized or responsible person or persons, testifying to the truth of something; an affidavit, acknowledgement; a certificate; spec. an official warrant; a passport (as given to vagrants, labourers, discharged soldiers or sailors, etc.); a diploma; a credential or other authenticating document. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun]

testimonial1461

ticket1529

testimonya1589

testificate1610

1461 T. Denys in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 344 I send to yow a testymonyall which is made by a greet assent of greet multitude of comouns to send to the Kyng.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. vj Hit ys sayd, whosoever put awaye his wyfe, let hym geve her a testymonyall of her devorcement.

1545 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 223 Quhen ony strangear cumis with testimoniale, to cum and aduerteis the bailȝe that sic an strangear is at the port with testimoniale.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxliij^v After whan he had exhibited the testimoniall of his Ambassade, he procedeth.

1563 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 249 To direct out commissionis under the testimoniall of the greit seill.

1597–8 Act 39 Eliz. c. 17 §2 Euery..wandring Soldyer or Marryner..shall..haue a Testymonyall vnder the Hand of some one Justice of the Peace.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 332 Giuing euery one of vs a Testimoniall of his sentence, wee were all chained one to another.

1698–9 Act 11 Will. III c. 18 §1 Such Vagabonds or Beggers..very frequently forge or counterfeite Passes Testimonialls or Characters.

1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant v. 12 Nor brought along with them Testimonials of their being in Health.

1796 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 140 I will forward the testimonial of the death of Mrs. Mazzei.

a1806 C. J. Fox Hist. James II (1808) 119 The severity with which he had enforced the test, obtained him a testimonial from the Bishops of his affection to their Protestant Church.

†b. ? erroneous. A will, testament. Obsolete. rare^—1.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > will

witword?997

quideOE

bequeath1297

testamentc1330

willc1400

intestement1463

latter will1540

testimonialc1616

settlement1815

script1850

test1890

c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems in Times' Whistle (1871) 135 To dispossesse His children of his goodes & give her all By his last dying testimoniall.

4. A writing testifying to one's qualifications and character, written usually by a present or former employer, or by some responsible person who is competent to judge; a letter of recommendation of a person or thing. (The current sense.)In quots. 1571, 1728, = testimonium n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > written in support

testimonial1571

reference1818

chit1868

ref1884

society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > document certifying bearer > letter of credence or commendation

letter of credence?a1400

letter testimonial1425

credential letter1433

letter of credit1552

commendatory letter or epistle1555

letter of commendation1555

testimonial1571

fiduciary1593

letter of reference1616

credential1656

creditive letter1662

creditive1670

reference1818

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] > letter of recommendation

letter of recommendation1457

testimonial1571

recommendatory letter1592

recommendation1676

testimonium1692

testamur1840

1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 12 §4 None shalbe made Mynister..under thage of foure and twenty yeres, nor unles he fyrst bring to the Bisshop..a Testimoniall..of his honest lyfe [etc.].

1609 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1816) IV. 406/2 A sufficient testimoniall of the bischop of the dyocie..Testifeing and approveing the said pedagog to be godlie and of good religioun.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Testimonial is always requir'd before Holy Orders are conferr'd.

1776 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 144 The testimonials in his favor I shall inclose to you.

1798 M. Cutler Let. 23 Oct. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 7 We have full testimonials that Mr. Perkins is a young man of an unblemished character.

1836 H. Taylor Statesman xxix. 220 He is to make small account of testimonials and recommendations, unless subjected to severe scrutiny and supported by proved facts.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 216 Testimonials seem in theory an unexceptionable mode of obtaining information.

5. A gift presented to some one by a number of persons as an expression of appreciation or acknowledgement of services or merit, or of admiration, esteem, or respect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > gift of appreciation or esteem

offeringc1330

tribute1585

oblation1595

honorarium1609

honorary1610

noshi1822

testimonial1838

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > reward or a reward > [noun] > reward for past deed > for services rendered

testimonial1838

1838 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 12 Dec. (1874) I. vi. 211 The growth of the modern things called testimonials is very curious. This word used formerly to signify merely a certificate of merit, but it has come of late to denote..a sort of homage always as a donation, and generally in a permanent form, to supposed public virtue.

1856 W. Collins Stolen Letter in After Dark 45 The portrait was intended as a testimonial, ‘expressive..of the eminent services of Mr. Boxsious in promoting and securing the prosperity of the town’.

1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xxxv The late lamented O'Connell,..over whom a grateful country has raised such a magnificent testimonial.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as testimonial craze, testimonial-writer; (sense B. 5) = serving as a testimonial or token of esteem, esp. in testimonial dinner, testimonial game, testimonial match.

ΚΠ

1851 ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (ed. 5) 94 On the 26th July, 1847, the Committee at Lord's got up a testimonial match between Kent and England [for Mynn's benefit].

1895 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Sept. 1/3 The testimonial craze is becoming quite a nuisance, and is highly inconvenient to people of moderate means.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) A testimonial certificate, benefit, or banquet.

1905 Academy 6 May 489/1 A good many other professional and unprofessional testimonial-writers.

1931 Daily Express 21 Sept. 11/5 A testimonial dinner was given to..the millionaire American capitalist.

1972 G. Green Great Moments in Sport: Soccer iii. 46 The Russians went to the unusual lengths of giving him [Yashin] a testimonial match at Lenin Stadium.

1977 in Fremdsprachen (1979) 23 209/1 The long-serving defender, who collected £35,000 from a testimonial game on Friday, was due to retire.

1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 28 Apr. (Weekender Mag.) 18/1 Sol Stein..was decorating a dais with his presence at a testimonial dinner for a minor television personality.

testimonial book n. a book in which testimonials are written.

† testimonial-man n. Obsolete a person having a testimonial (sense B. 3) or passport.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > one to whom licence or permit is granted

testimonial-man1725

licensee1868

1725 London Gaz. No. 6396/4 Robert Mair, late of Liverpool, Testimonial-Man.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2020).

单词	testimonial
释义	testimonialadj.n. /tɛstɪˈməʊnɪəl/ Forms: Also Middle English tesmoingnal; Middle English–1500s testymonial; Middle English testimoneal, Middle English–1500s testimonyal; Middle English testimoniell, Middle English–1600s testimoniall(e. Etymology: < Old French tesmoignal and testimonial, in phrase lettres tes(ti)moniaulx (13th cent. in Godefroy Compl.), < late Latin testimōniālis , (litterae ) testimōniālēs credentials; < Old French tesmoin , Latin testimōnium testimony n.: see -al suffix¹. A. adj. a. (now archaic or technical.) Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of testimony; serving as evidence; conducive to proof. testimonial proof, proof by the testimony of a witness; parole evidence. (Quot. c1430 may belong to the noun.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective] testimonialc1430 evidential1610 witnessed1746 evidentiary1809 attestative1827 adductive1873 testatory1907 c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 254 To have memory upon thy passioun, Testimonial of my redempcioun. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Bi^v/1 Testimoniall, testimonialis. 1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 111 Which argument how artificiall it is, being barely testimoniall, or how [etc.]. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. vii. 25 We become emancipated from testimoniall engagements. View more context for this quotation 1680 J. Cheyney Vindic. Oaths (ed. 2) 6 An Oath in matters Testimonial and pertaining to Witness-bearing is the highest proof and confirmation that can be. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. i. v. 69 Evidence, which, though not properly testimonial, may..be called personal. 1883 Wharton's Law-lexicon (ed. 7) Testimonial proof, parol evidence. Civ. Law. †b. letter testimonial n. Obsolete rarely testimonial letter (usually plural letters testimonial(s)): a letter testifying to the bona fides of the bearer; credentials; = B. 3. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > document certifying bearer > letter of credence or commendation letter of credence?a1400 letter testimonial1425 credential letter1433 letter of credit1552 commendatory letter or epistle1555 letter of commendation1555 testimonial1571 fiduciary1593 letter of reference1616 credential1656 creditive letter1662 creditive1670 reference1818 1421 Rolls of Parl. IV. 158/1 Havynge lettres testimonyalx sufficeantz of on of those degrees of the Universite.] 1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 289/2 That the same Marchant..brynge Lettres Tesmoingnals..under seel..of Maieur. 1439 Rolls of Parl. V. 33/2 Who so..come without Letters Testimoniall of the Chifteyn. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvii. 232 Is it the bringing of testimoniall letters wherein so great obliquitie consisteth? 1678 W. Dillingham Serm. Funeral Lady Alston 26 St. Paul..hath recourse unto his own Conscience for his Letters Testimonial. 1751 G. Lavington Enthusiasm Methodists & Papists: Pt. III 172 She was furnished with Letters Testimonial, to obtain Provisions on the Road. B. n. [Compare obsolete French testimoniale, noun (Cotgrave).] †1. Verbal or documentary evidence; = testimony n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony witnessc950 proof?c1225 witnessingc1330 evidencea1387 probacyc1460 probation?a1475 testimonial?a1475 testimony?a1475 testimonage1483 testamentc1485 conjecture1526 fact?1531 trial1532 teste1567 suffragy1571 attest1609 probate1610 testa1616 testate1619 discovery1622 constat1623 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 251 Permenides, after the testimonialle of Boice,..laborede and founde the arte of logike. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. ii. xxii. 222 Als Virginius..stude in testimoniall of his meritis and loving. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 35 Fowles being brought to the barre agayne, desyred that the testimonyall of theis dyers may not be used against him. 1707 (title) A Cry from the Desart, or Testimonials of Several Miraculous Things lately come to pass in the Cevennes. †2. Something serving as proof or evidence; a token, record, manifestation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > piece of tokenOE witnessa1325 samplec1380 argumentc1384 weda1400 reporta1425 testimonial1495 notea1555 testimony1597 vouchera1616 attestate1630 manifesto1644 deposition1648 vouchee1657 testatur1702 1495 in S. P. H. Statham Dover Charters (1902) 278 Onlesse.. y^e said..purcer shew under auctentik, sufficient, or evident testimonialle y^t y^er is founde sufficient..surete in othir places. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiv. 89 Annibal send to cartage thre muis of gold ryngis..for ane testimonial of his grit victorie. a1647 T. Habington Surv. Worcs. (Worcs. Hist. Soc.) (1895) I. iii. 436 Without Armes or Inscription, as a testimonialle of her priveleadge. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) XI. 126 When he required a testimonial of Peter's affection. 1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 182 In this second part numerous testimonials of the truth of this doctrine are given. †3. a. A written attestation by some authorized or responsible person or persons, testifying to the truth of something; an affidavit, acknowledgement; a certificate; spec. an official warrant; a passport (as given to vagrants, labourers, discharged soldiers or sailors, etc.); a diploma; a credential or other authenticating document. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] testimonial1461 ticket1529 testimonya1589 testificate1610 1461 T. Denys in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 344 I send to yow a testymonyall which is made by a greet assent of greet multitude of comouns to send to the Kyng. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. vj Hit ys sayd, whosoever put awaye his wyfe, let hym geve her a testymonyall of her devorcement. 1545 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 223 Quhen ony strangear cumis with testimoniale, to cum and aduerteis the bailȝe that sic an strangear is at the port with testimoniale. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxliij^v After whan he had exhibited the testimoniall of his Ambassade, he procedeth. 1563 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 249 To direct out commissionis under the testimoniall of the greit seill. 1597–8 Act 39 Eliz. c. 17 §2 Euery..wandring Soldyer or Marryner..shall..haue a Testymonyall vnder the Hand of some one Justice of the Peace. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 332 Giuing euery one of vs a Testimoniall of his sentence, wee were all chained one to another. 1698–9 Act 11 Will. III c. 18 §1 Such Vagabonds or Beggers..very frequently forge or counterfeite Passes Testimonialls or Characters. 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant v. 12 Nor brought along with them Testimonials of their being in Health. 1796 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 140 I will forward the testimonial of the death of Mrs. Mazzei. a1806 C. J. Fox Hist. James II (1808) 119 The severity with which he had enforced the test, obtained him a testimonial from the Bishops of his affection to their Protestant Church. †b. ? erroneous. A will, testament. Obsolete. rare^—1. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > will witword?997 quideOE bequeath1297 testamentc1330 willc1400 intestement1463 latter will1540 testimonialc1616 settlement1815 script1850 test1890 c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems in Times' Whistle (1871) 135 To dispossesse His children of his goodes & give her all By his last dying testimoniall. 4. A writing testifying to one's qualifications and character, written usually by a present or former employer, or by some responsible person who is competent to judge; a letter of recommendation of a person or thing. (The current sense.)In quots. 1571, 1728, = testimonium n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > written in support testimonial1571 reference1818 chit1868 ref1884 society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > document certifying bearer > letter of credence or commendation letter of credence?a1400 letter testimonial1425 credential letter1433 letter of credit1552 commendatory letter or epistle1555 letter of commendation1555 testimonial1571 fiduciary1593 letter of reference1616 credential1656 creditive letter1662 creditive1670 reference1818 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] > letter of recommendation letter of recommendation1457 testimonial1571 recommendatory letter1592 recommendation1676 testimonium1692 testamur1840 1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 12 §4 None shalbe made Mynister..under thage of foure and twenty yeres, nor unles he fyrst bring to the Bisshop..a Testimoniall..of his honest lyfe [etc.]. 1609 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1816) IV. 406/2 A sufficient testimoniall of the bischop of the dyocie..Testifeing and approveing the said pedagog to be godlie and of good religioun. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) A Testimonial is always requir'd before Holy Orders are conferr'd. 1776 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 144 The testimonials in his favor I shall inclose to you. 1798 M. Cutler Let. 23 Oct. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 7 We have full testimonials that Mr. Perkins is a young man of an unblemished character. 1836 H. Taylor Statesman xxix. 220 He is to make small account of testimonials and recommendations, unless subjected to severe scrutiny and supported by proved facts. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 216 Testimonials seem in theory an unexceptionable mode of obtaining information. 5. A gift presented to some one by a number of persons as an expression of appreciation or acknowledgement of services or merit, or of admiration, esteem, or respect. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > gift of appreciation or esteem offeringc1330 tribute1585 oblation1595 honorarium1609 honorary1610 noshi1822 testimonial1838 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > reward or a reward > [noun] > reward for past deed > for services rendered testimonial1838 1838 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 12 Dec. (1874) I. vi. 211 The growth of the modern things called testimonials is very curious. This word used formerly to signify merely a certificate of merit, but it has come of late to denote..a sort of homage always as a donation, and generally in a permanent form, to supposed public virtue. 1856 W. Collins Stolen Letter in After Dark 45 The portrait was intended as a testimonial, ‘expressive..of the eminent services of Mr. Boxsious in promoting and securing the prosperity of the town’. 1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xxxv The late lamented O'Connell,..over whom a grateful country has raised such a magnificent testimonial. Compounds attributive and in other combinations, as testimonial craze, testimonial-writer; (sense B. 5) = serving as a testimonial or token of esteem, esp. in testimonial dinner, testimonial game, testimonial match. ΚΠ 1851 ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (ed. 5) 94 On the 26th July, 1847, the Committee at Lord's got up a testimonial match between Kent and England [for Mynn's benefit]. 1895 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Sept. 1/3 The testimonial craze is becoming quite a nuisance, and is highly inconvenient to people of moderate means. 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) A testimonial certificate, benefit, or banquet. 1905 Academy 6 May 489/1 A good many other professional and unprofessional testimonial-writers. 1931 Daily Express 21 Sept. 11/5 A testimonial dinner was given to..the millionaire American capitalist. 1972 G. Green Great Moments in Sport: Soccer iii. 46 The Russians went to the unusual lengths of giving him [Yashin] a testimonial match at Lenin Stadium. 1977 in Fremdsprachen (1979) 23 209/1 The long-serving defender, who collected £35,000 from a testimonial game on Friday, was due to retire. 1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 28 Apr. (Weekender Mag.) 18/1 Sol Stein..was decorating a dais with his presence at a testimonial dinner for a minor television personality. testimonial book n. a book in which testimonials are written. † testimonial-man n. Obsolete a person having a testimonial (sense B. 3) or passport. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > one to whom licence or permit is granted testimonial-man1725 licensee1868 1725 London Gaz. No. 6396/4 Robert Mair, late of Liverpool, Testimonial-Man. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2020). < adj.n.1425
随便看	equivalencing equivalency equivalent equivalent circuit equivalent focal length equivalent focus equivalent number equivalent-money equivalently equivalentmoney equivalents equivaliant equivalize equivalize account equivalue equivalve equivalved equivelocity equivocacy equivocal equivocal chord equivocal generation equivocalities equivocality equivocally