syncretismn.

/ˈsɪŋkrɪtɪz(ə)m/

Etymology: < modern Latin syncrētismus (D. Pareus, 1615), < Greek συγκρητισμός , < συγκρητίζειν to syncretize v. Compare French syncrétisme, ‘the ioyning, or agreement, of two enemies against a third person’ (Cotgrave). Spelt syncratism by Ash (1775), who derives it < κράτος power; the spelling is recorded by some later dictionaries.

1. Attempted union or reconciliation of diverse or opposite tenets or practices, esp. in philosophy or religion; spec. the system or principles of a school founded in the 17th century by George Calixtus, who aimed at harmonizing the sects of Protestants and ultimately all Christian bodies: see Calixtin n. 2 (Almost always in derogatory sense.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > attempted union of opposites

syncretism1618

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > [noun] > knowledge, study, or subject > branches or methods

practica1393

syncretism1618

eclecticism1798

syncreticism1860

eclectism1867

metaphilosophy1941

society > faith > aspects of faith > Catholicity > syncretism > [noun]

syncretism1618

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Lutheranism > Lutheran groups and sects > [noun] > Calixtin

syncretism1618

1618 P. Holderus tr. J. van Oldenbarneveld Barneuel's Apol. Ded. sig. A4 We may much blush thereat: yea euen as much as we patiently did for your Syncretisme, after it lighted into the hands and style of Moguntinus the Iesuit.

1651 C. Walker High Court of Justice 26 Independency being a meer complication and Syncretismus, or rather a Sink and Common Sewer of all Errours.]

1653 R. Baxter Right Method Settled Peace 274 Plotting a Carnal Syncretism, and attempting the reconcilement of Christ and Belial.

1660 E. Stillingfleet Irenicum i. vi. 109 Grotius..when he designed the Syncretism with the Church of Rome.

1778 E. Apthorp Lett. Prevalence Christianity 162 This divine light..was..obscured by the prevailing syncretism of true and false religion.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe III. iii. 245 It may be considered as a part of this syncretism, as we may call it, of the material and immaterial hypotheses, that Descartes [etc.].

1852 W. Hamilton Discuss. Philos. & Lit. 409 Their particular dissensions were merged in a general syncretism to resist the novelty equally obnoxious to all.

1853 Fraser's Mag. 47 294 Syncretism, under every possible form—ethical, political, social, and theological, was the favourite policy of the Roman emperors. They would have all the varieties of mankind called in and restamped at the Cæsarean mint.

1887 A. Lang Myth, Ritual & Relig. II. xv. 94 The process of syncretism, by which various god~names and god-natures are mingled, so as to unite the creeds of different nomes and provinces.

2. Philology. The merging of two or more inflectional categories.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > merging or levelling of inflections

levelling1871

syncretism1909

1909 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xxi. 388 Homonymy and syncretism, the merging of inflectional categories, are normal results of sound-change.

1949 C. E. Bazell in E. P. Hamp et al. Readings in Linguistics II (1966) 225 It may not always be possible to draw a fast line between syncretism proper and the neutralisation of a morphemic opposition.

1957 Hjelmslev & Uldall Outl. Glossematics 83 It involves syncretism, defectivation, and manifestation.

1963 Language 39 328 The intensive term of an opposition is also the one on which ‘defectivations’ and ‘syncretisms’ depend.

1968 W. J. Samarin in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. 664 Planned languages reveal many of the features of pidgin languages, namely, lexical syncretism and reduction of redundancy.

1979 Trans. Philol. Soc. 82 The Latin noun declensions provide more than sufficient illustration of syncretism within word paradigms..with the burden of disambiguating relevant properties then being shifted to the syntagma.

3. Psychology. The process of fusing diverse ideas or sensations into a general (inexact) impression; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > process of perception > fusion of sensations > [noun]

coalescence1771

fusion1892

syncretism1926

1926 M. Warden tr. J. Piaget Lang. & Thought of Child iv. 130 We can discern in this activity of understanding and invention on the part of the child several of those schemas of analogy, of those leaps to conclusions which are the outstanding characteristics of verbal syncretism.

1963 T. R. Miles & E. Miles tr. Michotte Perception of Causality xvii. 276 It is probable that an extreme ‘syncretism’ (i.e. an undifferentiated blending) holds sway at this time.

1967 A. L. Baldwin Theories Child Devel. xvii. 501 An example of syncretism in normal adult functioning can be seen in the close relationship between taste and smell.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	syncretism
释义	syncretismn. /ˈsɪŋkrɪtɪz(ə)m/ Etymology: < modern Latin syncrētismus (D. Pareus, 1615), < Greek συγκρητισμός , < συγκρητίζειν to syncretize v. Compare French syncrétisme, ‘the ioyning, or agreement, of two enemies against a third person’ (Cotgrave). Spelt syncratism by Ash (1775), who derives it < κράτος power; the spelling is recorded by some later dictionaries. 1. Attempted union or reconciliation of diverse or opposite tenets or practices, esp. in philosophy or religion; spec. the system or principles of a school founded in the 17th century by George Calixtus, who aimed at harmonizing the sects of Protestants and ultimately all Christian bodies: see Calixtin n. 2 (Almost always in derogatory sense.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > attempted union of opposites syncretism1618 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > [noun] > knowledge, study, or subject > branches or methods practica1393 syncretism1618 eclecticism1798 syncreticism1860 eclectism1867 metaphilosophy1941 society > faith > aspects of faith > Catholicity > syncretism > [noun] syncretism1618 society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Lutheranism > Lutheran groups and sects > [noun] > Calixtin syncretism1618 1618 P. Holderus tr. J. van Oldenbarneveld Barneuel's Apol. Ded. sig. A4 We may much blush thereat: yea euen as much as we patiently did for your Syncretisme, after it lighted into the hands and style of Moguntinus the Iesuit. 1651 C. Walker High Court of Justice 26 Independency being a meer complication and Syncretismus, or rather a Sink and Common Sewer of all Errours.] 1653 R. Baxter Right Method Settled Peace 274 Plotting a Carnal Syncretism, and attempting the reconcilement of Christ and Belial. 1660 E. Stillingfleet Irenicum i. vi. 109 Grotius..when he designed the Syncretism with the Church of Rome. 1778 E. Apthorp Lett. Prevalence Christianity 162 This divine light..was..obscured by the prevailing syncretism of true and false religion. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe III. iii. 245 It may be considered as a part of this syncretism, as we may call it, of the material and immaterial hypotheses, that Descartes [etc.]. 1852 W. Hamilton Discuss. Philos. & Lit. 409 Their particular dissensions were merged in a general syncretism to resist the novelty equally obnoxious to all. 1853 Fraser's Mag. 47 294 Syncretism, under every possible form—ethical, political, social, and theological, was the favourite policy of the Roman emperors. They would have all the varieties of mankind called in and restamped at the Cæsarean mint. 1887 A. Lang Myth, Ritual & Relig. II. xv. 94 The process of syncretism, by which various god~names and god-natures are mingled, so as to unite the creeds of different nomes and provinces. 2. Philology. The merging of two or more inflectional categories. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > merging or levelling of inflections levelling1871 syncretism1909 1909 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xxi. 388 Homonymy and syncretism, the merging of inflectional categories, are normal results of sound-change. 1949 C. E. Bazell in E. P. Hamp et al. Readings in Linguistics II (1966) 225 It may not always be possible to draw a fast line between syncretism proper and the neutralisation of a morphemic opposition. 1957 Hjelmslev & Uldall Outl. Glossematics 83 It involves syncretism, defectivation, and manifestation. 1963 Language 39 328 The intensive term of an opposition is also the one on which ‘defectivations’ and ‘syncretisms’ depend. 1968 W. J. Samarin in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. 664 Planned languages reveal many of the features of pidgin languages, namely, lexical syncretism and reduction of redundancy. 1979 Trans. Philol. Soc. 82 The Latin noun declensions provide more than sufficient illustration of syncretism within word paradigms..with the burden of disambiguating relevant properties then being shifted to the syntagma. 3. Psychology. The process of fusing diverse ideas or sensations into a general (inexact) impression; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > process of perception > fusion of sensations > [noun] coalescence1771 fusion1892 syncretism1926 1926 M. Warden tr. J. Piaget Lang. & Thought of Child iv. 130 We can discern in this activity of understanding and invention on the part of the child several of those schemas of analogy, of those leaps to conclusions which are the outstanding characteristics of verbal syncretism. 1963 T. R. Miles & E. Miles tr. Michotte Perception of Causality xvii. 276 It is probable that an extreme ‘syncretism’ (i.e. an undifferentiated blending) holds sway at this time. 1967 A. L. Baldwin Theories Child Devel. xvii. 501 An example of syncretism in normal adult functioning can be seen in the close relationship between taste and smell. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1618
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