activationn.

Brit.

/ˌaktᵻˈveɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: activate v., -ion suffix¹.

Etymology: < activate v. + -ion suffix¹: see -ation suffix. Compare French activation (1835).

1. The action or process of activating something; the state of being activated; (Chemistry and Biochemistry) the process of making a substance (more) chemically or catalytically active; (Physics) = radioactivation n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [noun] > bringing into action

animation1605

actuation1623

inactuation1662

actuating1710

energizing1841

activation1883

activating1902

derepression1960

1883 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 5 205 Every investigation..necessitates the assumption of some adequate source of the activation of oxygen within the organism.

1906 Practitioner Dec. 747 Mixed sera from several animals might be used, in the hope of finding one suitable for activation with human serum.

1912 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 87 619 The rate of hydrolysis..is dependent on the degree of activation of the hydrolysed substance.

1925 E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) v. 464 Activation of the egg by the sperm.

1935 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 149 541 Owing to the very strong activation of several elements when irradiated under water, impurities might easily be misleading.

1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) v. 130 The electron has been raised to the conducting band by photon activation.

1998 Automotive Engineer Oct. 10/4 In-vehicle information systems (VIS) will furnish voice activation for directions..and traffic conditions.

2005 2600 Summer 50/2 Do you have an old T-mobile phone that you want on prepaid without paying for the activation?

2. Military (originally and chiefly U.S.). The process or fact of calling a unit, reservist, etc., into active service. Cf. activate v. 3.

ΚΠ

1939 N.Y. Times 30 June 7/1 Regular army and National Guard brought up to war strength after ‘M-Day’, plus the activation of certain units now inactive.

1985 Armed Forces Dec. 463 As well as being available for federal activation in time of national emergency, these units also perform a variety of military missions and have special duties.

2002 K. Matinuddin Nuclearization S. Asia ii. 40 The activation of all forward airfields..created a major crisis.

Compounds

activation analysis n. Chemistry = radioactivation analysis n. at radioactivation n. Compounds.neutron activation analysis: see neutron n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > other analytical techniques

alkalimetry1817

refraction1831

Hofmann method1876

cryoscopy1885

Reichert–Meissl1887

oxidimetry1896

Hofmann exhaustive methylation1938

workup1942

radioactivation analysisa1947

neutron activation analysis1947

activation analysis1948

1948 Analyt. Chem. 20 500/2 This method..is an example of what is termed ‘activation analysis’,..which may be defined as the estimation of a chemical impurity by measurement of the radiations emitted by it after exposure in a pile or cyclotron.

1970 New Scientist 1 Jan. 29/2 The use of activation analysis techniques in the assessment and hazard control of high-energy (GeV) electromagnetic radiations.

2005 G. Demortier in M. Uda et al. X-rays for Archaeol. ii. i. 78 Activation analysis using high-energy protons and/or neutrons has been proven to be a very powerful method of analysis of all the elements in coins.

activation energy n. Chemistry the minimum energy that must be supplied to atoms or molecules in order for them to undergo a chemical reaction or other process; spec. the energy required for the species involved in a reaction to form a loosely-bound intermediate or transition state which can then break up to give the reaction products.

ΚΠ

1919 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 115 185 The action of a catalyst is to be ascribed to the substitution of relatively small energy terms..in place of true critical energies of activation or dissociation.]

1924 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 105 662 After a well-marked limited of λ = 2820 representing an activation energy of 101,000 calories per gm. mol., continuous bands appear [in the spectrum of naphthalene].

1983 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context (ed. 2) xviii. 274 Since the activation energy of the catalysed reaction is lower, the reaction rate is faster.

1998 Metall. & Materials Trans. A. 29 1299 Oxychlorination of Cr₂O₃ is characterized by an apparent activation energy of about 87 and 46 kJ/mol for temperatures lower than 650 °C and higher than 700 °C.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	activation
释义	activationn. Brit. /ˌaktᵻˈveɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: activate v., -ion suffix¹. Etymology: < activate v. + -ion suffix¹: see -ation suffix. Compare French activation (1835). 1. The action or process of activating something; the state of being activated; (Chemistry and Biochemistry) the process of making a substance (more) chemically or catalytically active; (Physics) = radioactivation n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [noun] > bringing into action animation1605 actuation1623 inactuation1662 actuating1710 energizing1841 activation1883 activating1902 derepression1960 1883 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 5 205 Every investigation..necessitates the assumption of some adequate source of the activation of oxygen within the organism. 1906 Practitioner Dec. 747 Mixed sera from several animals might be used, in the hope of finding one suitable for activation with human serum. 1912 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 87 619 The rate of hydrolysis..is dependent on the degree of activation of the hydrolysed substance. 1925 E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) v. 464 Activation of the egg by the sperm. 1935 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 149 541 Owing to the very strong activation of several elements when irradiated under water, impurities might easily be misleading. 1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) v. 130 The electron has been raised to the conducting band by photon activation. 1998 Automotive Engineer Oct. 10/4 In-vehicle information systems (VIS) will furnish voice activation for directions..and traffic conditions. 2005 2600 Summer 50/2 Do you have an old T-mobile phone that you want on prepaid without paying for the activation? 2. Military (originally and chiefly U.S.). The process or fact of calling a unit, reservist, etc., into active service. Cf. activate v. 3. ΚΠ 1939 N.Y. Times 30 June 7/1 Regular army and National Guard brought up to war strength after ‘M-Day’, plus the activation of certain units now inactive. 1985 Armed Forces Dec. 463 As well as being available for federal activation in time of national emergency, these units also perform a variety of military missions and have special duties. 2002 K. Matinuddin Nuclearization S. Asia ii. 40 The activation of all forward airfields..created a major crisis. Compounds activation analysis n. Chemistry = radioactivation analysis n. at radioactivation n. Compounds.neutron activation analysis: see neutron n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > other analytical techniques alkalimetry1817 refraction1831 Hofmann method1876 cryoscopy1885 Reichert–Meissl1887 oxidimetry1896 Hofmann exhaustive methylation1938 workup1942 radioactivation analysisa1947 neutron activation analysis1947 activation analysis1948 1948 Analyt. Chem. 20 500/2 This method..is an example of what is termed ‘activation analysis’,..which may be defined as the estimation of a chemical impurity by measurement of the radiations emitted by it after exposure in a pile or cyclotron. 1970 New Scientist 1 Jan. 29/2 The use of activation analysis techniques in the assessment and hazard control of high-energy (GeV) electromagnetic radiations. 2005 G. Demortier in M. Uda et al. X-rays for Archaeol. ii. i. 78 Activation analysis using high-energy protons and/or neutrons has been proven to be a very powerful method of analysis of all the elements in coins. activation energy n. Chemistry the minimum energy that must be supplied to atoms or molecules in order for them to undergo a chemical reaction or other process; spec. the energy required for the species involved in a reaction to form a loosely-bound intermediate or transition state which can then break up to give the reaction products. ΚΠ 1919 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 115 185 The action of a catalyst is to be ascribed to the substitution of relatively small energy terms..in place of true critical energies of activation or dissociation.] 1924 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 105 662 After a well-marked limited of λ = 2820 representing an activation energy of 101,000 calories per gm. mol., continuous bands appear [in the spectrum of naphthalene]. 1983 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context (ed. 2) xviii. 274 Since the activation energy of the catalysed reaction is lower, the reaction rate is faster. 1998 Metall. & Materials Trans. A. 29 1299 Oxychlorination of Cr₂O₃ is characterized by an apparent activation energy of about 87 and 46 kJ/mol for temperatures lower than 650 °C and higher than 700 °C. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1883
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