syllogismn.

/ˈsɪlədʒɪz(ə)m/

Forms: Middle English silogime, Middle English–1500s silogisme, Middle English–1500s sylogysme, Middle English–1600s sillogisme, 1500s silogysme, sellogisme, 1500s–1600s syllogisme, sylogisme, 1600s sillogism, 1600s– syllogism. Also 1500s in Latin form syllogismus ( sill-, sil-).

Etymology: < Old French silogime, later sil(l)ogisme, French syllogisme (= Italian sillo- , silogismo , Spanish silogismo , Portuguese syllogismo ), or < Latin syllogismus , < Greek συλλογισμός , < συλλογίζεσθαι to syllogize v.

a. Logic. An argument expressed or claimed to be expressible in the form of two propositions called the premisses, containing a common or middle term, with a third proposition called the conclusion, resulting necessarily from the other two. Example: Omne animal est substantia, omnis homo est animal, ergo omnis homo est substantia.The kind of syllogism illustrated by the above example is called simple or categorical. In valid categorical syllogisms, the premisses have the major and minor terms so disposed in respect of the position of the middle (see figure n. 23) and the quality and quantity of the premisses (see mood n.² 2) that the conclusion affirms or denies the major term of the minor. inductive syllogism: one in which a conclusion is reached from particular premisses.For hypothetical (also called complex), conjunctive, connexive, demonstrative, disjunctive syllogism, see these words. †horned syllogism (see horned adj. 1b): the dilemma.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun]

syllogisma1398

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxvi. 1364 Wiþoute nombre is not a lettre y-ioyned to a lettre..nouþer þe conclusioun in silogismes [L. in sillogisticis] is distingued fro þe premisses.

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xix. 14 If ye wol eyther make jugementes, silogismes, other argumentes with oute me, shule ye neuere haue conclusioun.

a1500 R. Henryson in tr. Æsop Fables Prol. l. 46 in Poems (1981) 4 Ane sillogisme propone, and eik conclude.

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 125/2 Well quod I and yet he commeth to hys perswasion by a sylogysme & reasonninge, almost as formall as is the argument, by whiche ye proue the kinde of man reasonable, wherof what other colleccion haue you that brought you first to perceiue it than that this man is resonable, and this man, & this man, and this man, and so forth all whom ye se.

1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxj I wold fayne wete in what figure y^t silogismus is made.

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 504/1 This sillogisme is mine. And thys sillogisme yf Tindall would fayne wit in what figure it is made: he shal finde it in the first figure, and the third mode, sauing that y^e mynor carieth his proofe w^t him, which woulde elles in the same figure and the same mode haue made another sillogisme.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 90^v (margin) A syllogisme, is a perfecte argumente of logike, in whiche, two thynges or moo, first putte, & the same graunted, the conclusion dooeth ineuitably foloe of necessitee.

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A4 I that haue with Consis sylogismes Graueld the Pastors of the Germaine Church.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 55 Prayers chas'd syllogismes into their den, And Ergo was transform'd into Amen.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. i. 275 Men do speak..in simple tearms and words, expressing the open notions of things, which the second act of reason compoundeth into propositions, and the last into syllogisms and forms of ratiocination.

1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 143 The Sum and Force of the whole may be reduced to this practical Syllogism. That which will bring a Man peace at the last, is to be chiefly minded, and most diligently heeded: But a Life of Piety and Vertue will bring a Man Peace at the Last: Therefore a Life of Piety and Vertue is to be chiefly minded.

1748 W. Duncan Elem. Logic (1752) iii. i. 194 As every Act of Reasoning implies three several Judgments, so every Syllogism must include three distinct Propositions.

1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 217 Though syllogisms hang not on my tongue, I am not surely always in the wrong.

1827 Huyshe Logic 85 A syllogism is an argument in which the terms are so placed with respect to each other, that the conclusion results necessarily from the premises, from the mere force of the expression, and without any consideration of the meaning of the terms themselves.

1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft ix. 306 The pedantic sovereign considered the execution of every witch who was burnt as a necessary conclusion of his own royal syllogisms.

1833 Sir W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. 57 220 Hypothetical syllogisms, in the present acceptation, were first expounded, and the name first applied to them by Theophrastus and Eudemus.

1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive in Ess. (1843) III. 201 Here the House stopped. They had voted the major and minor of Burgoyne's syllogism; but they shrank from drawing the logical conclusion.

1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke II. xvii. 267 The unconscious logic of association is often deeper and truer than any syllogism.

1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. 295 The basis of Science is therefore an Inductive Syllogism.

1892 J. Tait Mind in Matter (ed. 3) 312 The ‘fool’ who said in his heart that ‘there was no God’ no doubt thought he had wiped Him out by a syllogism.

b. transferred and allusively. An argument or something ironically or humorously regarded as such, esp. a specious or subtle argument or piece of reasoning; †in early use, a subtle or tricky speech; a poser; more widely, an artifice, trick.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception

wrenchc888

swikec893

braida1000

craftOE

wile1154

crookc1175

trokingc1175

guile?c1225

hocket1276

blink1303

errorc1320

guileryc1330

sleightc1340

knackc1369

deceitc1380

japec1380

gaudc1386

syllogism1387

mazec1390

mowa1393

train?a1400

trantc1400

abusionc1405

creekc1405

trickc1412

trayc1430

lirtc1440

quaint?a1450

touch1481

pawka1522

false point?1528

practice1533

crink1534

flim-flamc1538

bobc1540

fetcha1547

abuse1551

block1553

wrinklec1555

far-fetch?a1562

blirre1570

slampant1577

ruse1581

forgery1582

crank1588

plait1589

crossbite1591

cozenage1592

lock1598

quiblin1605

foist1607

junt1608

firk1611

overreach?1615

fob1622

ludification1623

knick-knacka1625

flam1632

dodge1638

gimcrack1639

fourbe1654

juggle1664

strategy1672

jilt1683

disingenuity1691

fun1699

jugglementa1708

spring1753

shavie1767

rig?1775

deception1794

Yorkshire bite1795

fakement1811

fake1829

practical1833

deceptivity1843

tread-behind1844

fly1861

schlenter1864

Sinonism1864

racket1869

have1885

ficelle1890

wheeze1903

fast one1912

roughie1914

spun-yarn trick1916

fastie1931

phoney baloney1933

fake-out1955

okey-doke1964

mind-fuck1971

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > excessive subtlety, hair-splitting > [noun] > instance of

curiosityc1380

syllogism1387

webc1400

cobweb1579

refinement1692

refinery1746

pilpul1966

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > [noun] > double-dealing, duplicity > in speech

twispechea950

double-tonguec1386

syllogism1387

reservation1612

ploda1903

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 371 He coude what hym nedede for to konne, outake fables and poetes, and wily and sly silogismes, þat he wolde nouȝt on caas vouchesauf forto lerne.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 366 I syh there Aristotle also, Whom that the queene of Grece so Hath bridled, that in thilke time Sche made him such a Silogime, That he foryat al his logique.

c1400 Rom. Rose 4457 Whanne she wole make A fulle good silogisme, I dreede That aftirward ther shal in deede Folwe an evelle conclusioun.

1402 Polit. Poems (Rolls) II. 63 Go grees a shoep undir the taile, that semeth the beter than with sotil sillogismes to parbrake thi witt.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. xiv Thow hast not yet wel studyed, and knowest not yet the Sylogysmes.

1591 R. Greene Farewell to Folly sig. C2^v Measure not the length of an other mans foot by your owne shoe, but ioine the souldier and scholler in one sillogisme, and then the premises equall, conclude how you list.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. United Netherlands I. viii. 501 An absolute sovereign, even without resorting to Philip's syllogisms of axe and faggot, was apt in the sixteenth century to have the best of an argument with private individuals.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. iii. xii. 225 They..took refuge in what St. Chrysostom calls ‘the syllogism of violence’.

2. In generalized sense: The form of such arguments, or argumentation in that form; the form or instrument of reasoning from generals to particulars. Also, as a mental act: mediate inference or deduction (as distinguished from immediate inference and induction).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [noun]

reasoning?c1400

collection1529

conclusion1532

induction1551

inferring1571

remotion1587

syllogism1588

deduction1593

inference1593

inferment1593

extraction1622

eduction1654

perduction1656

reducementa1750

deducing1826

vertical thinking1966

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > reasoning by syllogisms

syllogizingc1449

syllogism1588

syllogization1660

syllogistic1833

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > inference

syllogism1588

subalternation1650

immediacya1834

immediate inference1843

mediate inference1849

1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. ii. f. 7 Questions..to be concluded by syllogisme, the onely iudge of all coherence or consequence.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1356 Of the present dependeth all Syllogisme and reasoning, and that by the vertue & efficacie of a conjunction: for that if this thing be, such a thing went before: and conversim, if this be; that shall be.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Nn2^v Certaine it is, that Middle Propositions, cannot be diduced from them [sc. some axioms] in Subiect of Nature by Syllogisme, that is, by Touch, and Reduction of them to Principles in a Middle Terme.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Pp1^v There beeing but foure kindes of demonstrations, that is by the immediate consent of the Minde or Sence; by Induction; by Sophisme [erratum: Syllogisme]; and by Congruitie.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvii. 342 We reason best and clearest, when we only observe the connexion of the Proofs, without reducing it to any Rule of Syllogism.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvii. 343 A Man knows first, and then he is able to prove syllogistically. So that Syllogism comes after Knowledge, and then a Man has little or no need of it.

1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. Pref. 8 What is syllogism but only a more recollected and express way of reasoning, the putting together of all the parts of an argument, and nothing but those parts, and that in their due form and order?

1774 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic in Wks. (1846) 712/1 In reasoning by syllogism from general principles, we descend to a conclusion virtually contained in them. The process of induction is more arduous, being an ascent from particular premises to a general conclusion.

1821 Aldrich's Artis Logicæ Rudim. (ed. 2) 110 The office of syllogism is not the discovery, but the application of truth; it consists in the practical use of knowledge, rather than the primary acquisition of it.

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. ii. i. 223 Reasoning, in the extended sense in which I use the term, and in which it is synonymous with Inference, is popularly said to be of two kinds: reasoning from particulars to generals, and reasoning from generals to particulars; the former being called Induction, the latter Ratiocination or Syllogism.

1867 T. Fowler Elem. Deduct. Logic iii. iii. 80 (heading) On Mediate Inference or Syllogism.

1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic xv. 127 Syllogism may thus be defined as the act of thought by which from two given propositions we proceed to a third proposition.

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant i. 134 Syllogism is just the activity of thought whereby a judgment is made complete, as judgment is the activity of thought whereby a conception is made distinct.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	syllogism
释义	syllogismn. /ˈsɪlədʒɪz(ə)m/ Forms: Middle English silogime, Middle English–1500s silogisme, Middle English–1500s sylogysme, Middle English–1600s sillogisme, 1500s silogysme, sellogisme, 1500s–1600s syllogisme, sylogisme, 1600s sillogism, 1600s– syllogism. Also 1500s in Latin form syllogismus ( sill-, sil-). Etymology: < Old French silogime, later sil(l)ogisme, French syllogisme (= Italian sillo- , silogismo , Spanish silogismo , Portuguese syllogismo ), or < Latin syllogismus , < Greek συλλογισμός , < συλλογίζεσθαι to syllogize v. 1. a. Logic. An argument expressed or claimed to be expressible in the form of two propositions called the premisses, containing a common or middle term, with a third proposition called the conclusion, resulting necessarily from the other two. Example: Omne animal est substantia, omnis homo est animal, ergo omnis homo est substantia.The kind of syllogism illustrated by the above example is called simple or categorical. In valid categorical syllogisms, the premisses have the major and minor terms so disposed in respect of the position of the middle (see figure n. 23) and the quality and quantity of the premisses (see mood n.² 2) that the conclusion affirms or denies the major term of the minor. inductive syllogism: one in which a conclusion is reached from particular premisses.For hypothetical (also called complex), conjunctive, connexive, demonstrative, disjunctive syllogism, see these words. †horned syllogism (see horned adj. 1b): the dilemma. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] syllogisma1398 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxvi. 1364 Wiþoute nombre is not a lettre y-ioyned to a lettre..nouþer þe conclusioun in silogismes [L. in sillogisticis] is distingued fro þe premisses. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xix. 14 If ye wol eyther make jugementes, silogismes, other argumentes with oute me, shule ye neuere haue conclusioun. a1500 R. Henryson in tr. Æsop Fables Prol. l. 46 in Poems (1981) 4 Ane sillogisme propone, and eik conclude. 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 125/2 Well quod I and yet he commeth to hys perswasion by a sylogysme & reasonninge, almost as formall as is the argument, by whiche ye proue the kinde of man reasonable, wherof what other colleccion haue you that brought you first to perceiue it than that this man is resonable, and this man, & this man, and this man, and so forth all whom ye se. 1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxj I wold fayne wete in what figure y^t silogismus is made. 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 504/1 This sillogisme is mine. And thys sillogisme yf Tindall would fayne wit in what figure it is made: he shal finde it in the first figure, and the third mode, sauing that y^e mynor carieth his proofe w^t him, which woulde elles in the same figure and the same mode haue made another sillogisme. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 90^v (margin) A syllogisme, is a perfecte argumente of logike, in whiche, two thynges or moo, first putte, & the same graunted, the conclusion dooeth ineuitably foloe of necessitee. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A4 I that haue with Consis sylogismes Graueld the Pastors of the Germaine Church. 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 55 Prayers chas'd syllogismes into their den, And Ergo was transform'd into Amen. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. i. 275 Men do speak..in simple tearms and words, expressing the open notions of things, which the second act of reason compoundeth into propositions, and the last into syllogisms and forms of ratiocination. View more context for this quotation 1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 143 The Sum and Force of the whole may be reduced to this practical Syllogism. That which will bring a Man peace at the last, is to be chiefly minded, and most diligently heeded: But a Life of Piety and Vertue will bring a Man Peace at the Last: Therefore a Life of Piety and Vertue is to be chiefly minded. 1748 W. Duncan Elem. Logic (1752) iii. i. 194 As every Act of Reasoning implies three several Judgments, so every Syllogism must include three distinct Propositions. 1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 217 Though syllogisms hang not on my tongue, I am not surely always in the wrong. 1827 Huyshe Logic 85 A syllogism is an argument in which the terms are so placed with respect to each other, that the conclusion results necessarily from the premises, from the mere force of the expression, and without any consideration of the meaning of the terms themselves. 1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft ix. 306 The pedantic sovereign considered the execution of every witch who was burnt as a necessary conclusion of his own royal syllogisms. 1833 Sir W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. 57 220 Hypothetical syllogisms, in the present acceptation, were first expounded, and the name first applied to them by Theophrastus and Eudemus. 1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive in Ess. (1843) III. 201 Here the House stopped. They had voted the major and minor of Burgoyne's syllogism; but they shrank from drawing the logical conclusion. 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke II. xvii. 267 The unconscious logic of association is often deeper and truer than any syllogism. 1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) I. 295 The basis of Science is therefore an Inductive Syllogism. 1892 J. Tait Mind in Matter (ed. 3) 312 The ‘fool’ who said in his heart that ‘there was no God’ no doubt thought he had wiped Him out by a syllogism. b. transferred and allusively. An argument or something ironically or humorously regarded as such, esp. a specious or subtle argument or piece of reasoning; †in early use, a subtle or tricky speech; a poser; more widely, an artifice, trick. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception wrenchc888 swikec893 braida1000 craftOE wile1154 crookc1175 trokingc1175 guile?c1225 hocket1276 blink1303 errorc1320 guileryc1330 sleightc1340 knackc1369 deceitc1380 japec1380 gaudc1386 syllogism1387 mazec1390 mowa1393 train?a1400 trantc1400 abusionc1405 creekc1405 trickc1412 trayc1430 lirtc1440 quaint?a1450 touch1481 pawka1522 false point?1528 practice1533 crink1534 flim-flamc1538 bobc1540 fetcha1547 abuse1551 block1553 wrinklec1555 far-fetch?a1562 blirre1570 slampant1577 ruse1581 forgery1582 crank1588 plait1589 crossbite1591 cozenage1592 lock1598 quiblin1605 foist1607 junt1608 firk1611 overreach?1615 fob1622 ludification1623 knick-knacka1625 flam1632 dodge1638 gimcrack1639 fourbe1654 juggle1664 strategy1672 jilt1683 disingenuity1691 fun1699 jugglementa1708 spring1753 shavie1767 rig?1775 deception1794 Yorkshire bite1795 fakement1811 fake1829 practical1833 deceptivity1843 tread-behind1844 fly1861 schlenter1864 Sinonism1864 racket1869 have1885 ficelle1890 wheeze1903 fast one1912 roughie1914 spun-yarn trick1916 fastie1931 phoney baloney1933 fake-out1955 okey-doke1964 mind-fuck1971 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > excessive subtlety, hair-splitting > [noun] > instance of curiosityc1380 syllogism1387 webc1400 cobweb1579 refinement1692 refinery1746 pilpul1966 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > [noun] > double-dealing, duplicity > in speech twispechea950 double-tonguec1386 syllogism1387 reservation1612 ploda1903 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 371 He coude what hym nedede for to konne, outake fables and poetes, and wily and sly silogismes, þat he wolde nouȝt on caas vouchesauf forto lerne. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 366 I syh there Aristotle also, Whom that the queene of Grece so Hath bridled, that in thilke time Sche made him such a Silogime, That he foryat al his logique. c1400 Rom. Rose 4457 Whanne she wole make A fulle good silogisme, I dreede That aftirward ther shal in deede Folwe an evelle conclusioun. 1402 Polit. Poems (Rolls) II. 63 Go grees a shoep undir the taile, that semeth the beter than with sotil sillogismes to parbrake thi witt. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. xiv Thow hast not yet wel studyed, and knowest not yet the Sylogysmes. 1591 R. Greene Farewell to Folly sig. C2^v Measure not the length of an other mans foot by your owne shoe, but ioine the souldier and scholler in one sillogisme, and then the premises equall, conclude how you list. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. United Netherlands I. viii. 501 An absolute sovereign, even without resorting to Philip's syllogisms of axe and faggot, was apt in the sixteenth century to have the best of an argument with private individuals. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. iii. xii. 225 They..took refuge in what St. Chrysostom calls ‘the syllogism of violence’. 2. In generalized sense: The form of such arguments, or argumentation in that form; the form or instrument of reasoning from generals to particulars. Also, as a mental act: mediate inference or deduction (as distinguished from immediate inference and induction). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > [noun] reasoning?c1400 collection1529 conclusion1532 induction1551 inferring1571 remotion1587 syllogism1588 deduction1593 inference1593 inferment1593 extraction1622 eduction1654 perduction1656 reducementa1750 deducing1826 vertical thinking1966 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > reasoning by syllogisms syllogizingc1449 syllogism1588 syllogization1660 syllogistic1833 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > inference syllogism1588 subalternation1650 immediacya1834 immediate inference1843 mediate inference1849 1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. ii. f. 7 Questions..to be concluded by syllogisme, the onely iudge of all coherence or consequence. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1356 Of the present dependeth all Syllogisme and reasoning, and that by the vertue & efficacie of a conjunction: for that if this thing be, such a thing went before: and conversim, if this be; that shall be. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Nn2^v Certaine it is, that Middle Propositions, cannot be diduced from them [sc. some axioms] in Subiect of Nature by Syllogisme, that is, by Touch, and Reduction of them to Principles in a Middle Terme. View more context for this quotation 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Pp1^v There beeing but foure kindes of demonstrations, that is by the immediate consent of the Minde or Sence; by Induction; by Sophisme [erratum: Syllogisme]; and by Congruitie. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvii. 342 We reason best and clearest, when we only observe the connexion of the Proofs, without reducing it to any Rule of Syllogism. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvii. 343 A Man knows first, and then he is able to prove syllogistically. So that Syllogism comes after Knowledge, and then a Man has little or no need of it. 1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. Pref. 8 What is syllogism but only a more recollected and express way of reasoning, the putting together of all the parts of an argument, and nothing but those parts, and that in their due form and order? 1774 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic in Wks. (1846) 712/1 In reasoning by syllogism from general principles, we descend to a conclusion virtually contained in them. The process of induction is more arduous, being an ascent from particular premises to a general conclusion. 1821 Aldrich's Artis Logicæ Rudim. (ed. 2) 110 The office of syllogism is not the discovery, but the application of truth; it consists in the practical use of knowledge, rather than the primary acquisition of it. 1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. ii. i. 223 Reasoning, in the extended sense in which I use the term, and in which it is synonymous with Inference, is popularly said to be of two kinds: reasoning from particulars to generals, and reasoning from generals to particulars; the former being called Induction, the latter Ratiocination or Syllogism. 1867 T. Fowler Elem. Deduct. Logic iii. iii. 80 (heading) On Mediate Inference or Syllogism. 1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic xv. 127 Syllogism may thus be defined as the act of thought by which from two given propositions we proceed to a third proposition. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant i. 134 Syllogism is just the activity of thought whereby a judgment is made complete, as judgment is the activity of thought whereby a conception is made distinct. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1387
随便看	nephritic nephritic stone nephritic tincture nephritic wood nephritical nephritides nephritis nephritises nephritogenic nephro nephro- nephroblast nephroblastoma nephrocalcinosis nephrocathartic nephrocele nephrocolic nephrocyte nephrodinic nephrogastric nephrogenic nephrogonaduct nephrogram nephrographic nephrography