† swoten.

Forms: Old English, Middle English swat, Middle English ( Lay.) swæt, sweot, Old English, Middle English swot, Middle English ( Ayenb.) zuot, Middle English swote, swoot, soot, sot, Middle English sote. β. northernMiddle English–1500s, 1700s swat, 1500s swatt, Scottish swait.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic (wanting in Gothic): Old English swát strong n. = Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Low German swêt, (Middle) Dutch zweet, Old High German, Middle High German sweiȥ strong masculine (German schweiss), Old Norse sveiti weak masculine (Middle Swedish svet(t)e, Swedish svett, Danish sved) < Germanic *swait- < Indo-European *swoid-, whence also Sanskrit svḗdas, Latin sūdor ( < *swoidos). From the weak grade of the same root are Sanskrit svídyate to sweat, Armenian khirtn sweat, Greek ἱδρώς, Old High German suiȥȥan (Middle High German switzen, German schwitzen) to sweat, Welsh chwŷs sweat, Latvian sviedri (plural). In several of the Germanic languages the word has the twofold signification of sweat and blood; the second survives in German hunting parlance.

Obsolete.

1. = sweat n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [noun] > sweat

swotec897

need-sweat?c1225

sweata1400

dead-sweat1609

muck sweat1627

strigment1646

mador1650

breathing sweat1657

lather1660

dew1674

cold sweat1707

death sweat1725

perspiration1725

toil-drop1802

persp.1923

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxxvii. 268 Ðær wæs swiðe swiðlic geswinc, & ðær wæs micel swat agoten.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis (Gr.) iii. 19 On swate þines and wlitan þu bricst þines hlafes.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 44 His swat wæs swylce blodes dropan on eorðan yrnende.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 88 Þet ilke blodi swat of his blisfule bodi.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3733 He swonc i þon fehte þat al he lauede asweote [c1300 Otho a swote].

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2662 [Þei] fouhten so þei woren wode, Þat þe swot ran fro þe crune.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 364 In swinc ðu salt tilen ði mete, Ðin bred wið swotes teres eten.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 719 Þay smyte to gadre þo so feste..þat þe soot fram hem gan breste.

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 25 A Clote leef he hadde vnder his hood For swoot.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 197 Also her breeþ wole stynke & her sotes.

c1430 J. Lydgate Venus-Mass in Lay Folks Mass-bk. App. v. 394 To wypen away the soot of myn inportable labour.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 313/2 Goo to fraunceys and saye to hym that he selle to the a penyworthe of his swote.

β. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. iii. i. 90 He wes all for rynnyng hat, And oure drawkit all with swat.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 613 That all the flesche of swat wes wete.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. viii. 115 Our all his body bristing furth did creip The warm swait.

a. = sweat n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > [noun] > condition or fit of

swotea1250

sweatc1400

a1250 Prov. Ælfred 292 in Old Eng. Misc. 120 If heo ofte a swote for-swunke were.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8883 Þene king..lai on sweouete & on muchele swate.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Hi hedden leuere lyese vour messen þanne ane zuot oþer ane slep.

c1425 Cast. Persev. 1227 in Macro Plays 114 Men lofe wel now to lyë stylle, In bedde to take a þorowe swot.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 493 He cauȝt a cardiakill & a cold sot.

b. = sweat n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > sweating sickness

swote1481

sweating-sicknessc1503

sweata1517

stoop-gallant1551

stoop knave and know thy master1551

English sweat1552

posting sweatc1553

sweatinga1585

sweating-fever1822

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) lxvii. 111 The heete, and also the swote destroyed them.

1551 in Archaeologia (1860) 38 107 June, 1551. The Swatt called new acquyrtance alles Stoupe knave and know thy Master began the xxiiij^th of this monethe.

3. figurative. = sweat n. 9.Usually in collocation with swink (= labour); originally denoting the actual sweating accompanying labour, with special reference to Genesis iii. 19.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil

workeOE

i-swincheOE

swenchOE

swote971

swingc1000

swinkOE

swinkinga1225

travailc1275

cark1330

sweatc1380

the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380

laboura1382

swengc1400

labouragec1470

toil1495

laborationa1500

tug1504

urea1510

carp1548

turmoil1569

moil1612

praelabour1663

fatigue1669

insudation1669

till?a1800

Kaffir work1848

graft1853

workfulness1854

collar-work1871

yakka1888

swot1899

heavy lifting1934

971 Blickl. Hom. 59 On hungre, & on þurste, and on cyle he bið afeded, on gewinne & on swate he leofaþ.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 1141 Moni swinc mani swot [c1275 Calig. swæt]..þolede ich in velde.

c1320 Cast. Love 200 In swynk and swot in world to liue.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xiv. xlix. (Tollem. MS.) Þe felde is a place of besinesse, of trauayle, and of swot.

c1450 Mirk's Festial 66 Þer þay schulden..gete hor mete wyth labour and swot.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	swote
释义	† swoten. Forms: Old English, Middle English swat, Middle English ( Lay.) swæt, sweot, Old English, Middle English swot, Middle English ( Ayenb.) zuot, Middle English swote, swoot, soot, sot, Middle English sote. β. northernMiddle English–1500s, 1700s swat, 1500s swatt, Scottish swait. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic (wanting in Gothic): Old English swát strong n. = Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Low German swêt, (Middle) Dutch zweet, Old High German, Middle High German sweiȥ strong masculine (German schweiss), Old Norse sveiti weak masculine (Middle Swedish svet(t)e, Swedish svett, Danish sved) < Germanic swait- < Indo-European swoid-, whence also Sanskrit svḗdas, Latin sūdor ( < swoidos). From the weak grade of the same root are Sanskrit svídyate* to sweat, Armenian khirtn sweat, Greek ἱδρώς, Old High German suiȥȥan (Middle High German switzen, German schwitzen) to sweat, Welsh chwŷs sweat, Latvian sviedri (plural). In several of the Germanic languages the word has the twofold signification of sweat and blood; the second survives in German hunting parlance. Obsolete. 1. = sweat n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [noun] > sweat swotec897 need-sweat?c1225 sweata1400 dead-sweat1609 muck sweat1627 strigment1646 mador1650 breathing sweat1657 lather1660 dew1674 cold sweat1707 death sweat1725 perspiration1725 toil-drop1802 persp.1923 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxxvii. 268 Ðær wæs swiðe swiðlic geswinc, & ðær wæs micel swat agoten. c1000 Ælfric Genesis (Gr.) iii. 19 On swate þines and wlitan þu bricst þines hlafes. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 44 His swat wæs swylce blodes dropan on eorðan yrnende. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 88 Þet ilke blodi swat of his blisfule bodi. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3733 He swonc i þon fehte þat al he lauede asweote [c1300 Otho a swote]. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2662 [Þei] fouhten so þei woren wode, Þat þe swot ran fro þe crune. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 364 In swinc ðu salt tilen ði mete, Ðin bred wið swotes teres eten. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 719 Þay smyte to gadre þo so feste..þat þe soot fram hem gan breste. c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 25 A Clote leef he hadde vnder his hood For swoot. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 197 Also her breeþ wole stynke & her sotes. c1430 J. Lydgate Venus-Mass in Lay Folks Mass-bk. App. v. 394 To wypen away the soot of myn inportable labour. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 313/2 Goo to fraunceys and saye to hym that he selle to the a penyworthe of his swote. β. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. iii. i. 90 He wes all for rynnyng hat, And oure drawkit all with swat.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 613 That all the flesche of swat wes wete.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. viii. 115 Our all his body bristing furth did creip The warm swait. 2. a. = sweat n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > [noun] > condition or fit of swotea1250 sweatc1400 a1250 Prov. Ælfred 292 in Old Eng. Misc. 120 If heo ofte a swote for-swunke were. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8883 Þene king..lai on sweouete & on muchele swate. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Hi hedden leuere lyese vour messen þanne ane zuot oþer ane slep. c1425 Cast. Persev. 1227 in Macro Plays 114 Men lofe wel now to lyë stylle, In bedde to take a þorowe swot. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 493 He cauȝt a cardiakill & a cold sot. b. = sweat n. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > sweating sickness swote1481 sweating-sicknessc1503 sweata1517 stoop-gallant1551 stoop knave and know thy master1551 English sweat1552 posting sweatc1553 sweatinga1585 sweating-fever1822 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) lxvii. 111 The heete, and also the swote destroyed them. 1551 in Archaeologia (1860) 38 107 June, 1551. The Swatt called new acquyrtance alles Stoupe knave and know thy Master began the xxiiij^th of this monethe. 3. figurative. = sweat n. 9.Usually in collocation with swink (= labour); originally denoting the actual sweating accompanying labour, with special reference to Genesis iii. 19. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil workeOE i-swincheOE swenchOE swote971 swingc1000 swinkOE swinkinga1225 travailc1275 cark1330 sweatc1380 the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380 laboura1382 swengc1400 labouragec1470 toil1495 laborationa1500 tug1504 urea1510 carp1548 turmoil1569 moil1612 praelabour1663 fatigue1669 insudation1669 till?a1800 Kaffir work1848 graft1853 workfulness1854 collar-work1871 yakka1888 swot1899 heavy lifting1934 971 Blickl. Hom. 59 On hungre, & on þurste, and on cyle he bið afeded, on gewinne & on swate he leofaþ. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 1141 Moni swinc mani swot [c1275 Calig. swæt]..þolede ich in velde. c1320 Cast. Love 200 In swynk and swot in world to liue. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xiv. xlix. (Tollem. MS.) Þe felde is a place of besinesse, of trauayle, and of swot. c1450 Mirk's Festial 66 Þer þay schulden..gete hor mete wyth labour and swot. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c897
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