syphilisn.

Brit.

/ˈsɪfᵻlɪs/,

/ˈsɪfl̩ɪs/, U.S.

/ˈsɪf(ə)lᵻs/

Inflections: Plural syphilides Brit.

/ˌsɪˈfɪlɪdiːz/, U.S.

/ˌsɪˈfɪlədiz/, syphilises.

Forms: 1600s–1800s siphilis, 1600s– syphilis, 1700s–1800s siphylis, 1700s–1800s syphylis.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: Latin syphilis, syphilid-.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin syphilis (stem syphilid-), originally the title (in full, Syphilis, sive Morbvs Gallicvs ‘Syphilis, or the French disease’) of a poem, published 1530, by Girolamo Fracastoro (in Latinized form Hieronymus Fracastorius) (1483–1553), a Veronese physician, astronomer, and poet, but used also as the name of the disease in the poem itself; < Syphilus , the name of a shepherd in the poem, supposedly the first sufferer from the disease + -is -id suffix², after Aeneis Aeneid n., Thebais Thebaïd adj., etc. The term was employed systematically by Fracastoro in his treatise De Contagione ii. xi. (1546). Compare French syphilis (1659), Spanish sifilis (19th cent.), Portuguese sifilis (19th cent.), Italian sifilide (a1698), also German Syphilis (1777).The source of the name Syphilus is disputed; it has been suggested that it is a corrupt medieval form of Sipylus , the name of a son of Niobe (so called after a mountain: see sipylite n.) in Ovid Metamorphoses 6. 146 ff. (See F. Boll in Neue Jahrb. f. das klassische Altertum 25 (1910) 72 ff., 168.) The poem was translated into English in 1686 by Nahum Tate with the title ‘Syphilis: or, a Poetical History of the French Disease’; see quot. 1686 at sense 1a.

1. Medicine.

a. Also venereal syphilis: a disease, transmitted mainly by sexual contact, which is characterized initially by the development of a chancre (ulcerated sore) on the skin or a mucous membrane, usually of the genitals, and later by systemic symptoms, and which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum; (as a count noun) an instance or case of this disease. In early use also: †any of various other sexually transmitted diseases confused with this, including gonorrhoea and chancroid (obsolete).Three stages of the untreated disease are distinguished, of which the first (primary syphilis) is that of the chancre. The next (secondary syphilis) occurs after spread of bacteria via the bloodstream, and is characterized by generalized rash and lymph node enlargement. In a proportion of infected persons, the third stage (tertiary syphilis) develops after a long latent period, and is characterized by destructive lesions of the skin and bones and by involvement of many other organs, esp. the brain and spinal cord (in the form of general paresis and tabes dorsalis) and the aorta (aortitis and aneurysm formation). Cf. primary adj. 6, secondary adj. 5f, tertiary adj. 4.The disease can also be transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy, resulting in congenital syphilis in the child.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun] > syphilis

foul evila1398

grandgore1497

French disease1503

French pox1503

pox1503

great pocka1519

great pox1529

morbus gallicus1543

gore1554

marbles1592

verol1596

Spanish pox1600

verola1600

the foul evil1607

bube1608

grincome1608

Neapolitan1631

lues1634

scabbado1651

venereal syphilis1653

foul disease1680

gout1694

syphilid1829

syphiloid1833

syphiloderma1850

vaccino-syphilis1868

neurosyphilis1878

old ral1878

syph1914

bejel1928

cosmic disease-

1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations lxxii. 550 Some Diseases also produce their like in other subjects; as the Leprosie, the Gout, Syphilis, or French-Pox, and so forth.

1676 W. Harris tr. N. de Blégny New & Curious Observ. Venereal Dis. i. i. 2 The Poets have given it the Name of Siphilis, because they have pretended a Shepherd of that Name was first infected with it. But it is now generally known in this part of the World under the Names of the Venereal Disease, or the Pox.

1686 N. Tate (title) Syphilis; or, a poetical history of the French disease.

1703 J. Moyle Experienced Chirurgion xxxvi. 109 But first let me trace the procedure of these Contagious Atoms, until it becomes a confirmed Siphylis.

1768 J. Hill Acct. Yaws in Cases Surg. (1772) 249 From the above authorities it appears, that the distemper called the venereal syphilis, or French pox, in France, Germany, Holland, England, and Ireland, is the very same disease which our country-people call the sibbens.

1777 W. Cullen First Lines Pract. Physic I. 224 We must refer to the consideration of scrophula, syphilis, or other diseases with which this Ophthalmia may be connected.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 85 Surgeons and nurses may by accident inoculate themselves with syphilis, in places appropriated for the reception of venereal patients.

1861 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 28 296 Primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis had existed in 6 patients;..congenital syphilis in 2.

1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. i. 247 Syphilis has occasionally prevailed in the form of widespread and severe epidemics.

1892 Times & Reg. (U.S.) 15 Oct. 422/1 The early cerebro spinal syphilises are those that develop during the virulent period of the disorder—that is, during the first two or three years after infection.

1916 Jrnl. Cutaneous Dis. 34 651 As we frequently observe, the man with a syphilis of ten years' duration who contracts marriage, may be the father of both healthy and syphilitic children.

1970 New Scientist 19 Mar. 543/1 Venereal syphilis of adults is rare in tropical regions where the endemic treponematoses, yaws and pinta, prevail.

1984 S. Terkel Good War (1985) i. v. 124 There were lots of high school graduates with syphilis who didn't know they had it.

2006 A. Kuczynski Beauty Junkies iv. 67 The so-called saddle nose was a caved-in nose that was the result of cartilage eaten away by syphilis.

b. endemic syphilis n. any of a group of diseases resembling venereal syphilis but epidemiologically distinct from it, being spread by non-sexual contact, mainly among people living in conditions of poor hygiene and nutrition; (in later use) spec. the disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum, which causes lesions of the skin and bones similar to those of syphilis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > bacterial or viral disorders > [noun] > bacterial disorders

endemic syphilis1865

Oroya fever1873

verruga1873

Weil's disease1889

undulant fever1896

pasteurellosis1902

microbism1904

spirillosis1904

spirochaetosis1906

necrobacillosis1907

melioidosis1921

Reiter's disease1922

rickettsiosis1925

leptospirosis1926

Carrion's disease1927

treponematosis1927

bartonellosis1928

brucellosis1930

mycobacteriosis1938

listerellosis1939

listeriosis1941

shigellosis1944

Reiter's syndrome1947

Shigella dysentery1963

pigbel1966

mud fever1969

Lyme arthritis1976

toxic shock syndrome1978

legionellosis1979

TSS1980

1865 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 35 47 A very interesting description of severe endemic syphilis follows.

1892 A. Davidson Geogr. Pathol. II. 710 A disease known as Yaws, but which is probably a form of endemic syphilis, spread by the ordinary intercourse of social life, is common all classes [in Zanzibar].

1921 Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. 4 76 That syphilis under certain conditions affecting a whole population may run an unusually violent course is shown in the case of endemic syphilis, especially as studied in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1979 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 140 382/1 Although immune serum and cells conferred protection against infection with T. pallidum strain Bosnia A, it is not certain that the immune mechanisms involved in endemic syphilis also confer protection against venereal syphilis.

2011 D. C. Cook & M. L. Powell in A. L. Grauer Compan. Paleopathol. xxvi. 483 If endemic syphilis is simply a burnt-out form of venereal syphilis transmitted through casual contact under conditions of poor hygiene, endemic syphilis should be genetically similar throughout its extensive geographical range.

2. figurative. Something that causes pervasive corruption or destruction. Chiefly as a count noun and with of.

ΚΠ

1821 J. Bentham Elements Art of Packing 62 In Rome-bred law in general..fiction is a wart, which here and there deforms the face of justice: in English law, fiction is a syphilis, which runs in every vein, and carries into every part of the system the principle of rottenness.

1912 R. Brooke Let. 24 June (1968) 389 Have you any cure for syphilis of the soul? I have tried several injections of spiritual 606 [i.e. Salvarsan].

1971 Jrnl. Drug Issues 1 4 Drug addiction—the syphilis of the soul—cannot be cured by putting addicts in jail.

1987 I. Sinclair White Chappell Scarlet Tracings xxvii. 202 Hands pressed together, his own effigy, Knight of Landermere. Features lose all detail: a syphilis of time. He weathers.

2004 A. van Herk in B. Szabados & K. G. Probert Writing Addiction i. 14 The body harbours recidivism, echoes remembered pleasures, a syphilis of habit, a consumption of rote, a cholera of schedule that rules out accident.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1856 Half-yearly Abstr. Med. Sci. 23 174 The same inferences are pointed out by counting the number of syphilis cases in women.

1899 J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. 10 167 The subsidence of the syphilis-epidemic.

1916 Nature 27 Jan. 609/2 Long before salvarsan was proved valuable for killing the syphilis micro-organism.

1960 W. Miller Canticle for Leibowitz (1961) xii. 106 You can't see the syphilis outbreak on his neck, the way the bridge of his nose is being eaten away. Paresis.

2009 New Yorker 1 June 48/1 The Surgeon General, Dr. Hugh Smith Cumming (a eugenicist best known to history for launching the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, that same year), warned Americans to stay away from recently imported parrots.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	syphilis
释义	syphilisn. Brit. /ˈsɪfᵻlɪs/, /ˈsɪfl̩ɪs/, U.S. /ˈsɪf(ə)lᵻs/ Inflections: Plural syphilides Brit. /ˌsɪˈfɪlɪdiːz/, U.S. /ˌsɪˈfɪlədiz/, syphilises. Forms: 1600s–1800s siphilis, 1600s– syphilis, 1700s–1800s siphylis, 1700s–1800s syphylis. Origin: A borrowing from Latin; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: Latin syphilis, syphilid-. Etymology: < post-classical Latin syphilis (stem syphilid-), originally the title (in full, Syphilis, sive Morbvs Gallicvs ‘Syphilis, or the French disease’) of a poem, published 1530, by Girolamo Fracastoro (in Latinized form Hieronymus Fracastorius) (1483–1553), a Veronese physician, astronomer, and poet, but used also as the name of the disease in the poem itself; < Syphilus , the name of a shepherd in the poem, supposedly the first sufferer from the disease + -is -id suffix², after Aeneis Aeneid n., Thebais Thebaïd adj., etc. The term was employed systematically by Fracastoro in his treatise De Contagione ii. xi. (1546). Compare French syphilis (1659), Spanish sifilis (19th cent.), Portuguese sifilis (19th cent.), Italian sifilide (a1698), also German Syphilis (1777).The source of the name Syphilus is disputed; it has been suggested that it is a corrupt medieval form of Sipylus , the name of a son of Niobe (so called after a mountain: see sipylite n.) in Ovid Metamorphoses 6. 146 ff. (See F. Boll in Neue Jahrb. f. das klassische Altertum 25 (1910) 72 ff., 168.) The poem was translated into English in 1686 by Nahum Tate with the title ‘Syphilis: or, a Poetical History of the French Disease’; see quot. 1686 at sense 1a. 1. Medicine. a. Also venereal syphilis: a disease, transmitted mainly by sexual contact, which is characterized initially by the development of a chancre (ulcerated sore) on the skin or a mucous membrane, usually of the genitals, and later by systemic symptoms, and which is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum; (as a count noun) an instance or case of this disease. In early use also: †any of various other sexually transmitted diseases confused with this, including gonorrhoea and chancroid (obsolete).Three stages of the untreated disease are distinguished, of which the first (primary syphilis) is that of the chancre. The next (secondary syphilis) occurs after spread of bacteria via the bloodstream, and is characterized by generalized rash and lymph node enlargement. In a proportion of infected persons, the third stage (tertiary syphilis) develops after a long latent period, and is characterized by destructive lesions of the skin and bones and by involvement of many other organs, esp. the brain and spinal cord (in the form of general paresis and tabes dorsalis) and the aorta (aortitis and aneurysm formation). Cf. primary adj. 6, secondary adj. 5f, tertiary adj. 4.The disease can also be transmitted from an infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy, resulting in congenital syphilis in the child. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun] > syphilis foul evila1398 grandgore1497 French disease1503 French pox1503 pox1503 great pocka1519 great pox1529 morbus gallicus1543 gore1554 marbles1592 verol1596 Spanish pox1600 verola1600 the foul evil1607 bube1608 grincome1608 Neapolitan1631 lues1634 scabbado1651 venereal syphilis1653 foul disease1680 gout1694 syphilid1829 syphiloid1833 syphiloderma1850 vaccino-syphilis1868 neurosyphilis1878 old ral1878 syph1914 bejel1928 cosmic disease- 1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations lxxii. 550 Some Diseases also produce their like in other subjects; as the Leprosie, the Gout, Syphilis, or French-Pox, and so forth. 1676 W. Harris tr. N. de Blégny New & Curious Observ. Venereal Dis. i. i. 2 The Poets have given it the Name of Siphilis, because they have pretended a Shepherd of that Name was first infected with it. But it is now generally known in this part of the World under the Names of the Venereal Disease, or the Pox. 1686 N. Tate (title) Syphilis; or, a poetical history of the French disease. 1703 J. Moyle Experienced Chirurgion xxxvi. 109 But first let me trace the procedure of these Contagious Atoms, until it becomes a confirmed Siphylis. 1768 J. Hill Acct. Yaws in Cases Surg. (1772) 249 From the above authorities it appears, that the distemper called the venereal syphilis, or French pox, in France, Germany, Holland, England, and Ireland, is the very same disease which our country-people call the sibbens. 1777 W. Cullen First Lines Pract. Physic I. 224 We must refer to the consideration of scrophula, syphilis, or other diseases with which this Ophthalmia may be connected. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 85 Surgeons and nurses may by accident inoculate themselves with syphilis, in places appropriated for the reception of venereal patients. 1861 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 28 296 Primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis had existed in 6 patients;..congenital syphilis in 2. 1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. i. 247 Syphilis has occasionally prevailed in the form of widespread and severe epidemics. 1892 Times & Reg. (U.S.) 15 Oct. 422/1 The early cerebro spinal syphilises are those that develop during the virulent period of the disorder—that is, during the first two or three years after infection. 1916 Jrnl. Cutaneous Dis. 34 651 As we frequently observe, the man with a syphilis of ten years' duration who contracts marriage, may be the father of both healthy and syphilitic children. 1970 New Scientist 19 Mar. 543/1 Venereal syphilis of adults is rare in tropical regions where the endemic treponematoses, yaws and pinta, prevail. 1984 S. Terkel Good War (1985) i. v. 124 There were lots of high school graduates with syphilis who didn't know they had it. 2006 A. Kuczynski Beauty Junkies iv. 67 The so-called saddle nose was a caved-in nose that was the result of cartilage eaten away by syphilis. b. endemic syphilis n. any of a group of diseases resembling venereal syphilis but epidemiologically distinct from it, being spread by non-sexual contact, mainly among people living in conditions of poor hygiene and nutrition; (in later use) spec. the disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum, which causes lesions of the skin and bones similar to those of syphilis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > bacterial or viral disorders > [noun] > bacterial disorders endemic syphilis1865 Oroya fever1873 verruga1873 Weil's disease1889 undulant fever1896 pasteurellosis1902 microbism1904 spirillosis1904 spirochaetosis1906 necrobacillosis1907 melioidosis1921 Reiter's disease1922 rickettsiosis1925 leptospirosis1926 Carrion's disease1927 treponematosis1927 bartonellosis1928 brucellosis1930 mycobacteriosis1938 listerellosis1939 listeriosis1941 shigellosis1944 Reiter's syndrome1947 Shigella dysentery1963 pigbel1966 mud fever1969 Lyme arthritis1976 toxic shock syndrome1978 legionellosis1979 TSS1980 1865 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 35 47 A very interesting description of severe endemic syphilis follows. 1892 A. Davidson Geogr. Pathol. II. 710 A disease known as Yaws, but which is probably a form of endemic syphilis, spread by the ordinary intercourse of social life, is common all classes [in Zanzibar]. 1921 Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. 4 76 That syphilis under certain conditions affecting a whole population may run an unusually violent course is shown in the case of endemic syphilis, especially as studied in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1979 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 140 382/1 Although immune serum and cells conferred protection against infection with T. pallidum strain Bosnia A, it is not certain that the immune mechanisms involved in endemic syphilis also confer protection against venereal syphilis. 2011 D. C. Cook & M. L. Powell in A. L. Grauer Compan. Paleopathol. xxvi. 483 If endemic syphilis is simply a burnt-out form of venereal syphilis transmitted through casual contact under conditions of poor hygiene, endemic syphilis should be genetically similar throughout its extensive geographical range. 2. figurative. Something that causes pervasive corruption or destruction. Chiefly as a count noun and with of. ΚΠ 1821 J. Bentham Elements Art of Packing 62 In Rome-bred law in general..fiction is a wart, which here and there deforms the face of justice: in English law, fiction is a syphilis, which runs in every vein, and carries into every part of the system the principle of rottenness. 1912 R. Brooke Let. 24 June (1968) 389 Have you any cure for syphilis of the soul? I have tried several injections of spiritual 606 [i.e. Salvarsan]. 1971 Jrnl. Drug Issues 1 4 Drug addiction—the syphilis of the soul—cannot be cured by putting addicts in jail. 1987 I. Sinclair White Chappell Scarlet Tracings xxvii. 202 Hands pressed together, his own effigy, Knight of Landermere. Features lose all detail: a syphilis of time. He weathers. 2004 A. van Herk in B. Szabados & K. G. Probert Writing Addiction i. 14 The body harbours recidivism, echoes remembered pleasures, a syphilis of habit, a consumption of rote, a cholera of schedule that rules out accident. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1856 Half-yearly Abstr. Med. Sci. 23 174 The same inferences are pointed out by counting the number of syphilis cases in women. 1899 J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. 10 167 The subsidence of the syphilis-epidemic. 1916 Nature 27 Jan. 609/2 Long before salvarsan was proved valuable for killing the syphilis micro-organism. 1960 W. Miller Canticle for Leibowitz (1961) xii. 106 You can't see the syphilis outbreak on his neck, the way the bridge of his nose is being eaten away. Paresis. 2009 New Yorker 1 June 48/1 The Surgeon General, Dr. Hugh Smith Cumming (a eugenicist best known to history for launching the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, that same year), warned Americans to stay away from recently imported parrots. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1653
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