swinkingn.

Brit.

/ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/

Forms: see swink v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: swink v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < swink v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of toiling; labour, (hard) work. Cf. swink v. 1a. Now rare (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil

workeOE

i-swincheOE

swenchOE

swote971

swingc1000

swinkOE

swinkinga1225

travailc1275

cark1330

sweatc1380

the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380

laboura1382

swengc1400

labouragec1470

toil1495

laborationa1500

tug1504

urea1510

carp1548

turmoil1569

moil1612

praelabour1663

fatigue1669

insudation1669

till?a1800

Kaffir work1848

graft1853

workfulness1854

collar-work1871

yakka1888

swot1899

heavy lifting1934

a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 69 Þurh trowþe and þurh swincunge.

c1400 ( Canticum Creatione l. 459 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 130 He tauȝte hem..How þeȝ myȝte hem frutes gete Wiþ swet & swynkynge sore.

c1475 Erthe upon Erthe (Rawl. F.32) (1911) 23 That erthe schuld labour the erthe In trowthe and sore swynkynge.

1877 C. B. Cayley tr. Homer Iliad xvii. 297 As mules..drag a mast or beam for a shipwright By sweating and swinking.

1906 A. Conan Doyle Sir Nigel xiii. 172 Peter the Plowman grows weary of swinking in the fields.

1959 College Eng. 21 49/2 We graduate students toil in the vineyards in order that scholars may work in their towers, and a little swinking amongst the ‘unwashed’ might lead professors to have a greater respect for our work.

†2. Heavy drinking. Cf. swink v. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun]

overdrinkeOE

drinkingc1200

excessc1386

bibbinga1400

bollingc1540

boozingc1540

bousingc1540

swillingc1563

tippling1567

carousing1582

swinking1590

bezzling1598

swill1602

swink1611

overdrinking1616

popination1623

sottishness1648

fuddling1665

toping1668

bibbership1670

abuse1732

dram-drinking1772

dramminga1790

potation1808

spree1811

muzzling1828

bibbery1831

Bacchanalianism1855

Bacchanalism1858

smiling1858

bibulation1882

tanking1891

reeler1950

1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 60 But with swinking at hir will Shee lookt red about the gill.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

swinkingadj.

Brit.

/ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/

Forms: see swink v. and -ing suffix²; also early Middle English swynkeand.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: swink v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < swink v. + -ing suffix².

1. That toils or labours; hard-working. Now rare (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [adjective] > working > working (too) hard

swinking?c1225

hard-working1682

driven1797

grinded1833

slave-driven1933

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > toiling

swinking?c1225

travailinga1398

drudging1548

toiling1552

toilsome1566

toilful1596

sweaty1603

droiling1607

carkingc1620

laboriferous1656

fagging1665

moiling1692

tewing1855

maulinga1864

bullocking1900

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 191 Twa maner men habbeð neode to eoten wel swinkinde & blodlettinde.

?1552 Westerne Wyll, vpon Deb. Churchyarde & Camell sig. A.ii A swynckyng swaine, that handleth wel his spade and other toole.

a1849 J. C. Mangan Message to Iron Foundry in Poems (1859) 51 Here, late and early, swinking hands, Fed volumed flames and blazing brands.

1860 T. Martin tr. Horace Odes 10 While swinking Vulcan strikes the sparkles fierce and red.

1865 S. Ferguson Lays W. Gael 120 And thick and loud the swinking crowd at every stroke pant ‘ho!’

2010 Daily Tel. 13 Dec. 25/6 The Food Halls..are the only remaining areas of Edwardian splendour. The ceiling tiles of swinking medieval peasants and ripe fruit.., the metalwork peacocks, all remain.

†2. Involving toil, laborious, toilsome. In extended use: heavy, ponderous. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome

soreOE

workfulOE

hardOE

torc1175

beswinkfulc1230

heavya1325

sweatyc1374

travailousa1382

laboriousa1393

laborousc1405

winful1443

painfulc1480

toilous1530

operousa1538

drudging1548

travailsome1549

laboursome1551

moilingc1566

toilsome?1570

toilful1573

sweating1592

insudate1609

sweatfula1618

moliminous1656

operose1659

swinking1693

schleppy1978

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xv. 125 Desist from all your swinking painful Labours.

1929 Scots Mag. Mar. 455 He gies a swinkin' lick and even John Hasna a single leg to staun' upon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	swinking
释义	swinkingn. Brit. /ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/ Forms: see swink v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: swink v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < swink v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of toiling; labour, (hard) work. Cf. swink v. 1a. Now rare (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil workeOE i-swincheOE swenchOE swote971 swingc1000 swinkOE swinkinga1225 travailc1275 cark1330 sweatc1380 the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380 laboura1382 swengc1400 labouragec1470 toil1495 laborationa1500 tug1504 urea1510 carp1548 turmoil1569 moil1612 praelabour1663 fatigue1669 insudation1669 till?a1800 Kaffir work1848 graft1853 workfulness1854 collar-work1871 yakka1888 swot1899 heavy lifting1934 a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 69 Þurh trowþe and þurh swincunge. c1400 ( Canticum Creatione l. 459 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 130 He tauȝte hem..How þeȝ myȝte hem frutes gete Wiþ swet & swynkynge sore. c1475 Erthe upon Erthe (Rawl. F.32) (1911) 23 That erthe schuld labour the erthe In trowthe and sore swynkynge. 1877 C. B. Cayley tr. Homer Iliad xvii. 297 As mules..drag a mast or beam for a shipwright By sweating and swinking. 1906 A. Conan Doyle Sir Nigel xiii. 172 Peter the Plowman grows weary of swinking in the fields. 1959 College Eng. 21 49/2 We graduate students toil in the vineyards in order that scholars may work in their towers, and a little swinking amongst the ‘unwashed’ might lead professors to have a greater respect for our work. †2. Heavy drinking. Cf. swink v. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] overdrinkeOE drinkingc1200 excessc1386 bibbinga1400 bollingc1540 boozingc1540 bousingc1540 swillingc1563 tippling1567 carousing1582 swinking1590 bezzling1598 swill1602 swink1611 overdrinking1616 popination1623 sottishness1648 fuddling1665 toping1668 bibbership1670 abuse1732 dram-drinking1772 dramminga1790 potation1808 spree1811 muzzling1828 bibbery1831 Bacchanalianism1855 Bacchanalism1858 smiling1858 bibulation1882 tanking1891 reeler1950 1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 60 But with swinking at hir will Shee lookt red about the gill. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). swinkingadj. Brit. /ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈswɪŋkɪŋ/ Forms: see swink v. and -ing suffix²; also early Middle English swynkeand. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: swink v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < swink v. + -ing suffix². 1. That toils or labours; hard-working. Now rare (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [adjective] > working > working (too) hard swinking?c1225 hard-working1682 driven1797 grinded1833 slave-driven1933 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome > toiling swinking?c1225 travailinga1398 drudging1548 toiling1552 toilsome1566 toilful1596 sweaty1603 droiling1607 carkingc1620 laboriferous1656 fagging1665 moiling1692 tewing1855 maulinga1864 bullocking1900 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 191 Twa maner men habbeð neode to eoten wel swinkinde & blodlettinde. ?1552 Westerne Wyll, vpon Deb. Churchyarde & Camell sig. A.ii A swynckyng swaine, that handleth wel his spade and other toole. a1849 J. C. Mangan Message to Iron Foundry in Poems (1859) 51 Here, late and early, swinking hands, Fed volumed flames and blazing brands. 1860 T. Martin tr. Horace Odes 10 While swinking Vulcan strikes the sparkles fierce and red. 1865 S. Ferguson Lays W. Gael 120 And thick and loud the swinking crowd at every stroke pant ‘ho!’ 2010 Daily Tel. 13 Dec. 25/6 The Food Halls..are the only remaining areas of Edwardian splendour. The ceiling tiles of swinking medieval peasants and ripe fruit.., the metalwork peacocks, all remain. †2. Involving toil, laborious, toilsome. In extended use: heavy, ponderous. Obsolete (Scottish in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome soreOE workfulOE hardOE torc1175 beswinkfulc1230 heavya1325 sweatyc1374 travailousa1382 laboriousa1393 laborousc1405 winful1443 painfulc1480 toilous1530 operousa1538 drudging1548 travailsome1549 laboursome1551 moilingc1566 toilsome?1570 toilful1573 sweating1592 insudate1609 sweatfula1618 moliminous1656 operose1659 swinking1693 schleppy1978 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xv. 125 Desist from all your swinking painful Labours. 1929 Scots Mag. Mar. 455 He gies a swinkin' lick and even John Hasna a single leg to staun' upon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1225adj.?c1225
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