swineherdn.

Brit.

/ˈswʌɪnhəːd/, U.S.

/ˈswaɪnˌhərd/

Forms:

α. see swine n. and herd n.²; also Middle English swyherd (in surnames).

β. Middle English swynerde (in surnames), Middle English–1500s swynard, Middle English–1500s swynnard, Middle English–1500s swynnarde, Middle English–1600s swynerd, 1500s swynard, 1500s swynarde, 1600s swinard.

γ. Middle English swynyard (in surnames), 1600s swineyard, 1600s swiniard, 1600s (1800s English regional (midlands)) swinyard, 1800s swinyerd (English regional (midlands)), 1800s swinyert (English regional (midlands)).

δ. Middle English swynshyrd, 1700s– swinesherd.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch swīnherde , zwijnherde , Old Saxon swīnhirdi (Middle Low German swīnehērde , swīnhērde ), late Old High German swīnhirti (Middle High German swīnhirte , German Schweinehirt ), Old Icelandic svínahirðir , Old Swedish swīna hirdhe (Swedish svinaherde ), Old Danish swīnhørde (Danish svinehyrde , now archaic) < the Germanic base of swine n. (in Old Icelandic and Old Swedish appearing in the genitive plural) + the Germanic base of herd n.²Form history. The β. forms show phonological reduction of the second element; compare the similar reduction in forms of gozzard n. and shepherd n. The later α. forms perhaps partly reflect re-formation of the compound. The modern standard pronunciation does not show the reduced form of the second element, unlike shepherd n., and probably originates from a spelling pronunciation. The γ. forms probably show alteration of the β. forms after words in -iard (e.g. galliard n.¹, miniard n., Spaniard n.), by reanalysis of the final element as a form of -ard suffix; compare similar forms of swanherd n. In δ. forms < the genitive of swine n. + herd n.² Specific senses. For the semantic motivation of sense 2 perhaps compare the following:1822 R. Nares Gloss. at Swinward I find also swineyard..as a term for a boar, he being the head or master of the herd.Early use as surname. In early use frequently attested as a surname; compare e.g. Peter le Swynhirde (see quot. 1310 at sense 1), Walterus le Swynhurde (1327), Robert le Swynerde (1332), etc.

1. A person whose occupation is keeping or tending pigs.In quot. 1310 as a surname.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > swineherd

swona700

swineherdOE

hogherd1279

hogman1301

pig-herd1591

swinward1614

hoggard1655

hogward1753

swine herder1860

swine girl1883

OE Gloss. (Bodl. 163) in Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum (1889) 33 239 Subulcus, swynhyrde.

1310 Patent Roll, 4 Edward II 23 Oct. (P.R.O.: C 66/134) m. 12 dorso Johannes fil' Henrici Palicok, Petr' le Swynhirde, Henr' Bedeman and Johannes Saleman.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxxxvii. 1238 Swynehirdes [L. pastores porcorum] whanne þey knowe first þis euel kitten of þe membre in þe whiche þis yuel is inne.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 170 A suynhird smote he to dede vnder a thorn busk.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 95 (MED) Ye shall sitte downe and ete here with the swyne-herthe.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. f. l The swyne heerdes fleed, and tolde it.

1590 T. Watson Eglogue vpon Death Walsingham sig. B3 When eurie swynard shall exceede his borne.

a1626 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin (1662) sig. E1^v A swinherds wife, keeping hogs by the Forestside.

1640 in J. Dyke Divers Select Serm. Ep. Ded. sig. Aiij^v The cooke, and the swineyard, the weaver, and kember.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 254 Where goes the swine-herd with that ill-look'd guest?

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xi. 186 I, Gurth the son of Beowulf, the swine-herd.

1859 R. Vaughan Revol. in Eng. Hist. I. iii. iii. 337 A swineherd boy, who had often seen the doomed man in Inglewood forest.., learns what is passing.

1971 W. Stegner Angle of Repose (1972) v. i. 285 Swineherds driving herds of black pigs.

2014 Northern Echo (Nexis) 27 Nov. (Ents & Lifestyle section) Jimmy's wife..has now happily switched careers to join him on the farm as a swineherd.

†2. A boar. Obsolete. rare.In quot. referring to a boar's head served as a dish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > male > boar (uncastrated) > head of herd

swineherdc1610

c1610 Christmas Prince (1922) 46 Then sett downe y^e Swineyard, The foe to y^e Vineyard, Lett Bacchus crowne his fall, Lett this Boares-head and mustard Stand for Pigg, Goose & Custard, And so y^e are welcomme all.

Derivatives

† ˈswineˌherdship n. Obsolete the position or occupation of swineherd; a period of being a swineherd. [In quot. 1586 in the isolated formation under-swineherdship ( < under- prefix¹ (compare sense 3a(a) at that entry) + swineherd n. + -ship suffix).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun]

swine herding1851

swineherdship1863

sybotism1876

1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iv. xxi. 88 An Under-Swinheardship did serue, he sought not to be chiefe.]

1863 M. Howitt Twin Sisters & Fairy-godmother vi, in Poet's Children 103 Fortunately..he did not fill this office longer than the close of the summer, so that to whatever degradation his swineherdship might have reduced him, he was saved from it.

1899 tr. H. Heine in Q. Rev. Apr. 443 I have returned to God like the prodigal son after my long swineherdship among the Hegelians.

1907 Tamworth Herald 13 July 8/2 As the ‘swineherdship’ is vacant the Emperor offers it to the new-comer, who gladly accepts, agreeing to live in a hut near the pigstyes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	swineherd
释义	swineherdn. Brit. /ˈswʌɪnhəːd/, U.S. /ˈswaɪnˌhərd/ Forms: α. see swine n. and herd n.²; also Middle English swyherd (in surnames). β. Middle English swynerde (in surnames), Middle English–1500s swynard, Middle English–1500s swynnard, Middle English–1500s swynnarde, Middle English–1600s swynerd, 1500s swynard, 1500s swynarde, 1600s swinard. γ. Middle English swynyard (in surnames), 1600s swineyard, 1600s swiniard, 1600s (1800s English regional (midlands)) swinyard, 1800s swinyerd (English regional (midlands)), 1800s swinyert (English regional (midlands)). δ. Middle English swynshyrd, 1700s– swinesherd. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch swīnherde , zwijnherde , Old Saxon swīnhirdi (Middle Low German swīnehērde , swīnhērde ), late Old High German swīnhirti (Middle High German swīnhirte , German Schweinehirt ), Old Icelandic svínahirðir , Old Swedish swīna hirdhe (Swedish svinaherde ), Old Danish swīnhørde (Danish svinehyrde , now archaic) < the Germanic base of swine n. (in Old Icelandic and Old Swedish appearing in the genitive plural) + the Germanic base of herd n.²Form history. The β. forms show phonological reduction of the second element; compare the similar reduction in forms of gozzard n. and shepherd n. The later α. forms perhaps partly reflect re-formation of the compound. The modern standard pronunciation does not show the reduced form of the second element, unlike shepherd n., and probably originates from a spelling pronunciation. The γ. forms probably show alteration of the β. forms after words in -iard (e.g. galliard n.¹, miniard n., Spaniard n.), by reanalysis of the final element as a form of -ard suffix; compare similar forms of swanherd n. In δ. forms < the genitive of swine n. + herd n.² Specific senses. For the semantic motivation of sense 2 perhaps compare the following:1822 R. Nares Gloss. at Swinward I find also swineyard..as a term for a boar, he being the head or master of the herd.Early use as surname. In early use frequently attested as a surname; compare e.g. Peter le Swynhirde (see quot. 1310 at sense 1), Walterus le Swynhurde (1327), Robert le Swynerde (1332), etc. 1. A person whose occupation is keeping or tending pigs.In quot. 1310 as a surname. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] > swineherd swona700 swineherdOE hogherd1279 hogman1301 pig-herd1591 swinward1614 hoggard1655 hogward1753 swine herder1860 swine girl1883 OE Gloss. (Bodl. 163) in Zeitschr. f. Deutsches Alterthum (1889) 33 239 Subulcus, swynhyrde. 1310 Patent Roll, 4 Edward II 23 Oct. (P.R.O.: C 66/134) m. 12 dorso Johannes fil' Henrici Palicok, Petr' le Swynhirde, Henr' Bedeman and Johannes Saleman. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxxxvii. 1238 Swynehirdes [L. pastores porcorum] whanne þey knowe first þis euel kitten of þe membre in þe whiche þis yuel is inne. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 170 A suynhird smote he to dede vnder a thorn busk. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 95 (MED) Ye shall sitte downe and ete here with the swyne-herthe. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. f. l The swyne heerdes fleed, and tolde it. 1590 T. Watson Eglogue vpon Death Walsingham sig. B3 When eurie swynard shall exceede his borne. a1626 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin (1662) sig. E1^v A swinherds wife, keeping hogs by the Forestside. 1640 in J. Dyke Divers Select Serm. Ep. Ded. sig. Aiij^v The cooke, and the swineyard, the weaver, and kember. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 254 Where goes the swine-herd with that ill-look'd guest? 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xi. 186 I, Gurth the son of Beowulf, the swine-herd. 1859 R. Vaughan Revol. in Eng. Hist. I. iii. iii. 337 A swineherd boy, who had often seen the doomed man in Inglewood forest.., learns what is passing. 1971 W. Stegner Angle of Repose (1972) v. i. 285 Swineherds driving herds of black pigs. 2014 Northern Echo (Nexis) 27 Nov. (Ents & Lifestyle section) Jimmy's wife..has now happily switched careers to join him on the farm as a swineherd. †2. A boar. Obsolete. rare.In quot. referring to a boar's head served as a dish. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > male > boar (uncastrated) > head of herd swineherdc1610 c1610 Christmas Prince (1922) 46 Then sett downe y^e Swineyard, The foe to y^e Vineyard, Lett Bacchus crowne his fall, Lett this Boares-head and mustard Stand for Pigg, Goose & Custard, And so y^e are welcomme all. Derivatives † ˈswineˌherdship n. Obsolete the position or occupation of swineherd; a period of being a swineherd. [In quot. 1586 in the isolated formation under-swineherdship ( < under- prefix¹ (compare sense 3a(a) at that entry) + swineherd n. + -ship suffix).] ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of pigs > [noun] swine herding1851 swineherdship1863 sybotism1876 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iv. xxi. 88 An Under-Swinheardship did serue, he sought not to be chiefe.] 1863 M. Howitt Twin Sisters & Fairy-godmother vi, in Poet's Children 103 Fortunately..he did not fill this office longer than the close of the summer, so that to whatever degradation his swineherdship might have reduced him, he was saved from it. 1899 tr. H. Heine in Q. Rev. Apr. 443 I have returned to God like the prodigal son after my long swineherdship among the Hegelians. 1907 Tamworth Herald 13 July 8/2 As the ‘swineherdship’ is vacant the Emperor offers it to the new-comer, who gladly accepts, agreeing to live in a hut near the pigstyes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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