单词 | sweater |
释义 | sweatern. 1. a. literal. One who sweats or perspires; spec. one who takes a ‘sweating bath’. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > [noun] > one who sweater1562 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. lxviiiv, in Bulwarke of Defence Take heede to soche sweaters, and idle eaters. 1579 T. Twyne tr. Petrarch Phisicke against Fortune i. xviii. 23 Compare with these, those sweaters, and belchers. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Racletorets, such as rub sweaters in hot bathes. b. with out: One who gives forth or exudes something in the manner of sweat; in quot. 1613 figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [noun] > emission > emission by exuding > one who sweater1613 1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois i. sig. C2 Euery innouating Puritane, And ignorant sweater out of zealous enuie. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of calewey1377 honey peara1400 pome-pear1440 pome-wardena1513 choke-pear1530 muscadel1555 worry pear1562 lording1573 bon-chrétienc1575 Burgundian pear1578 king pear1585 pound pear1585 poppering1597 wood of Jerusalem1597 muscadine1598 amiot1600 bergamot1600 butter pear1600 dew-pear1600 greening1600 mollart1600 roset1600 wax pear1600 bottle pear1601 gourd-pear1601 Venerian pear1601 musk pear1611 rose pear1611 pusill1615 Christian1629 nutmeg1629 rolling pear1629 surreine1629 sweater1629 amber pear1638 Venus-pear1648 horse-pear1657 Martin1658 russet1658 rousselet1660 diego1664 frith-pear1664 maudlin1664 Messire Jean1664 primate1664 sovereign1664 spindle-pear1664 stopple-pear1664 sugar-pear1664 virgin1664 Windsor pear1664 violet-pear1666 nonsuch1674 muscat1675 burnt-cat1676 squash pear1676 rose1678 Longueville1681 maiden-heart1685 ambrette1686 vermilion1691 admiral1693 sanguinole1693 satin1693 St. Germain pear1693 pounder pear1697 vine-pear1704 amadot1706 marchioness1706 marquise1706 Margaret1707 short-neck1707 musk1708 burree1719 marquis1728 union pear1728 Doyenne pear1731 Magdalene1731 beurré1736 colmar1736 Monsieur Jean1736 muscadella1736 swan's egg1736 chaumontel1755 St Michael's pear1796 Williams1807 Marie Louise1817 seckel1817 Bartlett1828 vergaloo1828 Passe Colmar1837 glou-morceau1859 London sugar1860 snow-pear1860 Comice1866 Kieffer pear1880 sand pear1880 sandy pear1884 snowy pear1884 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1904) 593 The Sweater is some~what like the Windsor [pear] for colour and bignesse. 2. a. One who works hard, a toiler; spec. a tailor who worked for an employer overtime at home (now disused: see sweat v. 5c). Also transferred (see quot. 1887). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > worker according to manner of working > [noun] > toiling or working hard swinker1340 travailera1382 sweatera1529 toiler1549 moiler1563 drudger1755 Stakhanovite1935 Stakhanovist1938 workaholic1947 a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 105 To trauellars, to tynkers, To sweters, to suynkers, And all good ale drynkers. 1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 145 Of the blood of sweaters, and of the teares of the people. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 304/1 Amongst the ‘sweaters’ of the tailoring trade Sunday labour..is almost universal. 1887 G. D. Atkin House Scraps 13 Sweater,..a broker who works for such small commissions as to prevent other brokers getting the business, whilst hardly being profitable to himself. 1889 in Pall Mall Gaz. 7 May 1/2 Originally the tailoring was carried on in work~rooms belonging to the tailors' shops, and the name of ‘sweater’ was first given as a term of reproach to the tailor who worked at home. 1895 G. Meredith Amazing Marriage I. ix. 101 The dirty sweaters are nearer the angels for cleanliness than my Lord and Lady Sybarite out of a bath, in chemical scents. b. A servant. Winchester College slang. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] esnec950 hindc1230 servant1340 servitor1419 ministrer?a1425 servera1425 myrona1450 obeisantc1475 servient1541 lout1567 squire1570 roguea1616 administer1677 minion1820 ancillary1867 sweater1900 1900 J. S. Farmer Public School Word-bk. 198 Sweater..(Winchester), a servant. 1973 Country Life 19 July 147/1 This is a souvenir plaque..showing the famous painting of the ‘Trusty Servant’ at Winchester College..or ‘Sweater’ as he is sometimes called. 3. A medicine that induces sweat; a sudorific, diaphoretic. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > diaphoretic sweat1655 diaphoretic1656 sudorific1667 sweater1684 hidrotic1727 1684 W. Russell Physical Treat. 13 Seeing it is evident, that Vomiting and Purging Medicines never become Sweaters or Binders. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. vii. ii. §2. 451/2 This is no doubt a strong sweater, but it upsets the stomach. 4. One of a set of street ruffians in the 18th century, who threatened or attacked people so as to make them sweat. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force > frequenting streets scamperer1712 sweater1712 corner-boy1855 plug-ugly1856 corner-cove1862 keelie1863 tough1866 larrikin1868 corner-man1885 voyoua1896 tsotsi1949 society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > action or behaviour of gangs of hooligans > member of gang of hooligans whitecap1607 shrove-prentice1638 Mohock?1711 sweater1712 highbinder1806 hoodlum1871 hooligan1898 hood1930 skolly1934 tear-away1938 gunsel1942 Teddy boy1954 hell's angel1956 angel1965 bikie1967 skinhead1969 bovver boy1970 boot-boy1977 casual1980 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 332. ⁋2 These Sweaters..seem to have at present but a rude Kind of Discipline amongst them. 1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. iii. 482 The ‘sweaters’ who formed a circle round their prisoner and pricked him with their swords till he sank exhausted to the ground. 5. One who exacts hard work at very low wages; an employer or middleman who overworks and underpays those working under him: see sweat v. 6b, and cf. 2 above. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > employer paying low wages white slaver1843 sweater1846 grinder1851 scurf1851 1846 Manch. Guardian 21 Mar. 7/4 A sort of middlemen, called ‘sweaters’, who get it [sc. tailoring work] by men and women at starvation prices. 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. x. 147 Were not the army clothes, the post-office clothes, the policemen's clothes, furnished by contractors and sweaters, who hired the work at low prices, and let it out again to journeymen at still lower ones? 1869–70 R. G. Latham Dict. Eng. Lang. Sweater..Middlemen between slopsellers and working tailors. Colloquial. 1879 G. R. Sims Social Kaleidoscope 1st Ser. ix. 58 The half-starved women and men, who put the things together in top garrets in back slums, or are nigger-driven by a ‘sweater’ in an East-end workroom. 1890 Earl of Dunraven Draft Rep. Sweating Syst. §7 The sweater may employ only two or three persons, or he may have two or three score in his service; but the great bulk of the sweated class work for small masters and in rooms or shops where from two or three to a dozen or twenty are employed. 6. One who ‘sweats’ gold coins: see sweat v. 15. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > mutilating coin > [noun] > person who clipperc1330 rounger?a1400 washerc1450 money batterer?1518 launderer1632 tonsor1697 money-clipper1759 plugger1842 sweater1845 shorter1857 1845 Currency Theory Reviewed 69 It being obvious that the coinage, in the very nature of things, must be for ever, unit by unit, falling under depreciation by the mere action of ordinary and unavoidable abrasion—(to say nothing of the inducement which every restoration of the coinage holds out to the whole legion of ‘pluggers’ and ‘sweaters’). 1868 E. Seyd Bullion (1880) 550 To the sweater it really can make no difference whether the mint takes his lightened sovereigns. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money x. 115 No one now actually refuses any gold money in retail business; so that the sweater..has all the opportunities he can desire. 7. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > other dress1539 khilat1684 sweaters1828 tropicals1880 trade dress1887 sportswear1903 rat-catcher1910 rainwear1913 beach-wear1928 transitioner1941 camouflage1945 warm-up1949 buoyancy garment1962 athleisure1976 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other cloths poitrel1490 bard1520 fore-cloth1526 bardingc1540 barb1566 pectoral1602 water-deck1721 rug1790 barbing1799 sweaters1828 quarter blanket1872 quarter cloth1894 peto1957 sweat rug1971 1828 Sporting Mag. 23 104 A craving, strong horse, going along in his sweat, loaded with sweaters. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. v. 420/1 Let him put on his sweaters, including a flannel pair of drawers, two pair of trowsers, a flannel jersey [etc.]. b. A woollen vest or jersey worn in rowing or other athletic exercise, originally (cf. a) in order to reduce one's weight; now commonly put on also before or after exercise to prevent taking cold. Hence a similar garment for general informal wear; a jumper or pullover. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jumper or jersey jersey1837 sweater1882 jumper1908 pullover1913 maillot1948 pully1967 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jumper or jersey > types of > for sport or exercise jersey1837 sweater1882 1882 E. A. Floyer Unexplored Baluchistan 74 Barja is resplendent in my rowing ‘sweater’, covered by a scarlet blanket, worn as a coat. 1886 Referee 12 Dec. (Cassell's) Want of food..and exercise in sweaters. 1890 R. C. Lehmann Harry Fludyer 97 As for Pilling [the cox], the little ruffian actually weighs over 8 stone; but we're going to make him run a mile every day, with four sweaters, and three pairs of flannel trousers on. 1895 Cent. Mag. May 25/2 His brawny, muscular chest, which was covered only by a dark, close-fitting ‘sweater’, was that of an athlete. 1912 J. Sandilands Western Canad. Dict. & Phrase-bk. Sweater, a woollen jacket, much worn in Canada during the winter both indoors and outdoors, and sometimes a somewhat gaudy article of wear. 1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Oct. 640/1 A tall, bespectacled young man in turtle-necked sweater. 1981 G. Swift Shuttlecock i. 13 Martin has a red polo~neck sweater and Peter a brown one and they both wear identical child's blue jeans. 8. An occupation, etc., that makes one sweat or exert oneself. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > a piece of hard work toila1500 sweater1851 dinkum1888 schlep1964 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 126/2 The business is a sweater, sir; it's heavy work. 1856 H. B. Stowe Dred xlii You ought to read Fletcher's book; that book, sir, is a sweater, I can tell you. I sweat over it, I know. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 5.) sweater-shop n. ΚΠ 1901 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 29/1 It is by no means certain that the workpeople..had not to suffer that these things should be, for there are plenty of sweater-shops even in free America. b. (In sense 7b.) sweater blouse n. ΚΠ 1925 Vogue early Mar. 60 (caption) This straight-line sweater blouse from Molyneux..is fashioned of fine dark-blue tricot covered with an all-over woven pattern in gold thread. 1954 New Yorker 27 Nov. 141/1 A wool jersey sweaterblouse, lavender or white, has cap sleeves and a scoop neck ornamented with gold thread and tiny pink felt buds. sweater coat n. ΚΠ 1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 5 Apr. 2/5 (advt.) Sweater Coats—New consignment, white, navy, lovat and camel hair, for ladies and gentlemen. 1963 Vogue (U.S. ed.) Dec. 190/2 (caption) Cranberry sweater-coat hand-knitted in Italy. sweater dress n. ΚΠ 1965 Harper's Bazaar May 6 (advt.) An enchanting cashmere sweater-dress. sweater-jumper n. ΚΠ 1928 Weekly Disp. 13 May 16 Now as to sweater-jumpers. Sometimes they are woven with designs [etc.]. sweater-suit n. ΚΠ 1929 M. Lief Hangover 232 ‘You're looking fine,’ said Whippet, admiring her..slim figure in a neat-fitting sweater-suit. 1964 Glamour Sept. 160 Town sweater-suits [are] booted for the summer. C2. sweater girl n. U.S. a girl, esp. a model or actress, who wears tight-fitting sweaters; originally a name applied to the American actress Lana Turner (1921–95) who wore such a sweater in the film They won't Forget (1937), and in subsequent publicity photographs. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [noun] > wearing other clothing > one who Court-mantlec1367 Sunday citizen1598 longcoat1603 lettice ruffa1625 silkworma1625 copester1637 short-coat1649 Scotch-sleeve?1706 Evite1713 uniform1786 nude1810 blue-stockinged1818 waistcoateer1825 padder1828 stook of duds1834 bloomer1851 sleeve1851 shirt1860 shirtwaister1900 DJ1926 rat-catcher1928 sweater girl1940 zoot-suiter1942 Edwardian1954 penguin1967 overcoat1969 1940 Movie Mirror June 9/1 (caption) Sweet and sophisticated sixteen: Lana Turner, at the time her face hit a thousand papers as the ‘Sweater Girl’. 1941 Life 14 Apr. 33/2 Mr. Breen's letter left movie~makers wondering..what to do with their up-and-coming sweater girls. 1956 S. Ertz Charmed Circle 71 Among all the ‘sweater girls’ she looked, in her unrevealing black dress, as if she had strayed in by mistake. 1971 D. MacKenzie Sleep is for Rich iii. 66 Crying Eddie was getting plenty of attention from the sweater girls. sweater-shirt n. (a) U.S. a knitted garment that may be worn as a sweater or a shirt; (b) = sweatshirt n. at sweat n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > shirt > types of > other bloody shirta1586 ruffle shirt1749 ruffled shirt1754 dicky1781 overshirt1805 camise1812 mill tog1821 boiled shirt1853 Crimean shirt1853 Crimea shirt1857 shirtwaist1859 shirt1867 polo shirt1887 zephyr1887 Ghost Shirt1890 Henley1890 negligée shirt1895 turtle-neck1897 rugby shirt1902 bush shirt1909 tunic shirt1918 safari shirt1921 button-down1924 thousand-miler1929 aloha shirt1936 buba1937 zoot shirt1942 Hawaiian shirt1955 sweater-shirt1964 beach shirt1966 kimono shirt1968 dashiki1969 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jumper or jersey > types of > other pointelle1892 turtle-neck1897 slip-over1919 polo jersey1925 polo jumper1925 polo sweater1925 Sloppy Joe1942 polo neck1959 thick-knit1961 sweater-shirt1964 skinny-rib1965 skivvy1967 mock1989 1964 New Yorker 12 Oct. 15 Sweater-shirt of pink cashmere. 1977 Private Eye 4 Mar. 20/2 (advt.) American styled printed sweatershirts and T-shirts. Derivatives ˈsweatered adj. wearing a sweater; clothed in a sweater. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing clothing for body (and limbs) > wearing a jumper or jersey jerseyed1869 sweatered1901 pullovered1926 polo-sweatered1950 1901 S. E. White Claim Jumpers i. 11 Two sweatered and white-ducked individuals. 1915 P. G. Wodehouse Something Fresh i. § 1 Her bright blue eyes, fixed on his flannelled and sweatered person. 1946 R. Chandler Red Wind 210 The sweatered man snatched the gun up. 1971 C. McCullers Mortgaged Heart (1977) 74 His blue sweatered shoulders were shaking. Draft additions June 2007 sweater vest n. North American a sleeveless knitted garment worn over a shirt in the manner of a waistcoat or vest; cf. vest n. 3b. ΚΠ 1903 Mansfield (Ohio) News 24 Jan. 3/1 Pat had just sent away and purchased a fine sweater vest. 1953 Chicago Tribune 23 Sept. ii. 7/1 Knitted sweater vests in a variety of knitted patterns... They're perfect mates to sport coats and provide warmth for active men. 2004 Maclean's (Electronic ed.) 27 Sept. 45 Donning tight pants and a sweater vest. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1529 |
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