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单词 sweater
释义

sweatern.

Brit. /ˈswɛtə/, U.S. /ˈswɛdər/
Etymology: formed as sweat n. + -er suffix1.
1.
a. literal. One who sweats or perspires; spec. one who takes a ‘sweating bath’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of sweat > [noun] > one who
sweater1562
1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. lxviiiv, in Bulwarke of Defence Take heede to soche sweaters, and idle eaters.
1579 T. Twyne tr. Petrarch Phisicke against Fortune i. xviii. 23 Compare with these, those sweaters, and belchers.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Racletorets, such as rub sweaters in hot bathes.
b. with out: One who gives forth or exudes something in the manner of sweat; in quot. 1613 figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [noun] > emission > emission by exuding > one who
sweater1613
1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois i. sig. C2 Euery innouating Puritane, And ignorant sweater out of zealous enuie.
c. Name for a variety of pear. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of
calewey1377
honey peara1400
pome-pear1440
pome-wardena1513
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
worry pear1562
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
pound pear1585
poppering1597
wood of Jerusalem1597
muscadine1598
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
mollart1600
roset1600
wax pear1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
Venerian pear1601
musk pear1611
rose pear1611
pusill1615
Christian1629
nutmeg1629
rolling pear1629
surreine1629
sweater1629
amber pear1638
Venus-pear1648
horse-pear1657
Martin1658
russet1658
rousselet1660
diego1664
frith-pear1664
maudlin1664
Messire Jean1664
primate1664
sovereign1664
spindle-pear1664
stopple-pear1664
sugar-pear1664
virgin1664
Windsor pear1664
violet-pear1666
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
squash pear1676
rose1678
Longueville1681
maiden-heart1685
ambrette1686
vermilion1691
admiral1693
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
pounder pear1697
vine-pear1704
amadot1706
marchioness1706
marquise1706
Margaret1707
short-neck1707
musk1708
burree1719
marquis1728
union pear1728
Doyenne pear1731
Magdalene1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
Monsieur Jean1736
muscadella1736
swan's egg1736
chaumontel1755
St Michael's pear1796
Williams1807
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
Bartlett1828
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
snow-pear1860
Comice1866
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
snowy pear1884
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1904) 593 The Sweater is some~what like the Windsor [pear] for colour and bignesse.
2.
a. One who works hard, a toiler; spec. a tailor who worked for an employer overtime at home (now disused: see sweat v. 5c). Also transferred (see quot. 1887).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > worker according to manner of working > [noun] > toiling or working hard
swinker1340
travailera1382
sweatera1529
toiler1549
moiler1563
drudger1755
Stakhanovite1935
Stakhanovist1938
workaholic1947
a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 105 To trauellars, to tynkers, To sweters, to suynkers, And all good ale drynkers.
1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 145 Of the blood of sweaters, and of the teares of the people.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 304/1 Amongst the ‘sweaters’ of the tailoring trade Sunday labour..is almost universal.
1887 G. D. Atkin House Scraps 13 Sweater,..a broker who works for such small commissions as to prevent other brokers getting the business, whilst hardly being profitable to himself.
1889 in Pall Mall Gaz. 7 May 1/2 Originally the tailoring was carried on in work~rooms belonging to the tailors' shops, and the name of ‘sweater’ was first given as a term of reproach to the tailor who worked at home.
1895 G. Meredith Amazing Marriage I. ix. 101 The dirty sweaters are nearer the angels for cleanliness than my Lord and Lady Sybarite out of a bath, in chemical scents.
b. A servant. Winchester College slang.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun]
esnec950
hindc1230
servant1340
servitor1419
ministrer?a1425
servera1425
myrona1450
obeisantc1475
servient1541
lout1567
squire1570
roguea1616
administer1677
minion1820
ancillary1867
sweater1900
1900 J. S. Farmer Public School Word-bk. 198 Sweater..(Winchester), a servant.
1973 Country Life 19 July 147/1 This is a souvenir plaque..showing the famous painting of the ‘Trusty Servant’ at Winchester College..or ‘Sweater’ as he is sometimes called.
3. A medicine that induces sweat; a sudorific, diaphoretic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > diaphoretic
sweat1655
diaphoretic1656
sudorific1667
sweater1684
hidrotic1727
1684 W. Russell Physical Treat. 13 Seeing it is evident, that Vomiting and Purging Medicines never become Sweaters or Binders.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. vii. ii. §2. 451/2 This is no doubt a strong sweater, but it upsets the stomach.
4. One of a set of street ruffians in the 18th century, who threatened or attacked people so as to make them sweat. Obsolete exc. Historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force > frequenting streets
scamperer1712
sweater1712
corner-boy1855
plug-ugly1856
corner-cove1862
keelie1863
tough1866
larrikin1868
corner-man1885
voyoua1896
tsotsi1949
society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > action or behaviour of gangs of hooligans > member of gang of hooligans
whitecap1607
shrove-prentice1638
Mohock?1711
sweater1712
highbinder1806
hoodlum1871
hooligan1898
hood1930
skolly1934
tear-away1938
gunsel1942
Teddy boy1954
hell's angel1956
angel1965
bikie1967
skinhead1969
bovver boy1970
boot-boy1977
casual1980
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 332. ⁋2 These Sweaters..seem to have at present but a rude Kind of Discipline amongst them.
1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. iii. 482 The ‘sweaters’ who formed a circle round their prisoner and pricked him with their swords till he sank exhausted to the ground.
5. One who exacts hard work at very low wages; an employer or middleman who overworks and underpays those working under him: see sweat v. 6b, and cf. 2 above.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > employer paying low wages
white slaver1843
sweater1846
grinder1851
scurf1851
1846 Manch. Guardian 21 Mar. 7/4 A sort of middlemen, called ‘sweaters’, who get it [sc. tailoring work] by men and women at starvation prices.
1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. x. 147 Were not the army clothes, the post-office clothes, the policemen's clothes, furnished by contractors and sweaters, who hired the work at low prices, and let it out again to journeymen at still lower ones?
1869–70 R. G. Latham Dict. Eng. Lang. Sweater..Middlemen between slopsellers and working tailors. Colloquial.
1879 G. R. Sims Social Kaleidoscope 1st Ser. ix. 58 The half-starved women and men, who put the things together in top garrets in back slums, or are nigger-driven by a ‘sweater’ in an East-end workroom.
1890 Earl of Dunraven Draft Rep. Sweating Syst. §7 The sweater may employ only two or three persons, or he may have two or three score in his service; but the great bulk of the sweated class work for small masters and in rooms or shops where from two or three to a dozen or twenty are employed.
6. One who ‘sweats’ gold coins: see sweat v. 15.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > mutilating coin > [noun] > person who
clipperc1330
rounger?a1400
washerc1450
money batterer?1518
launderer1632
tonsor1697
money-clipper1759
plugger1842
sweater1845
shorter1857
1845 Currency Theory Reviewed 69 It being obvious that the coinage, in the very nature of things, must be for ever, unit by unit, falling under depreciation by the mere action of ordinary and unavoidable abrasion—(to say nothing of the inducement which every restoration of the coinage holds out to the whole legion of ‘pluggers’ and ‘sweaters’).
1868 E. Seyd Bullion (1880) 550 To the sweater it really can make no difference whether the mint takes his lightened sovereigns.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money x. 115 No one now actually refuses any gold money in retail business; so that the sweater..has all the opportunities he can desire.
7.
a. plural. Clothes in which a horse or a man in training is exercised, to produce profuse sweating.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific purpose > other
dress1539
khilat1684
sweaters1828
tropicals1880
trade dress1887
sportswear1903
rat-catcher1910
rainwear1913
beach-wear1928
transitioner1941
camouflage1945
warm-up1949
buoyancy garment1962
athleisure1976
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other cloths
poitrel1490
bard1520
fore-cloth1526
bardingc1540
barb1566
pectoral1602
water-deck1721
rug1790
barbing1799
sweaters1828
quarter blanket1872
quarter cloth1894
peto1957
sweat rug1971
1828 Sporting Mag. 23 104 A craving, strong horse, going along in his sweat, loaded with sweaters.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. v. 420/1 Let him put on his sweaters, including a flannel pair of drawers, two pair of trowsers, a flannel jersey [etc.].
b. A woollen vest or jersey worn in rowing or other athletic exercise, originally (cf. a) in order to reduce one's weight; now commonly put on also before or after exercise to prevent taking cold. Hence a similar garment for general informal wear; a jumper or pullover.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jumper or jersey
jersey1837
sweater1882
jumper1908
pullover1913
maillot1948
pully1967
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jumper or jersey > types of > for sport or exercise
jersey1837
sweater1882
1882 E. A. Floyer Unexplored Baluchistan 74 Barja is resplendent in my rowing ‘sweater’, covered by a scarlet blanket, worn as a coat.
1886 Referee 12 Dec. (Cassell's) Want of food..and exercise in sweaters.
1890 R. C. Lehmann Harry Fludyer 97 As for Pilling [the cox], the little ruffian actually weighs over 8 stone; but we're going to make him run a mile every day, with four sweaters, and three pairs of flannel trousers on.
1895 Cent. Mag. May 25/2 His brawny, muscular chest, which was covered only by a dark, close-fitting ‘sweater’, was that of an athlete.
1912 J. Sandilands Western Canad. Dict. & Phrase-bk. Sweater, a woollen jacket, much worn in Canada during the winter both indoors and outdoors, and sometimes a somewhat gaudy article of wear.
1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Oct. 640/1 A tall, bespectacled young man in turtle-necked sweater.
1981 G. Swift Shuttlecock i. 13 Martin has a red polo~neck sweater and Peter a brown one and they both wear identical child's blue jeans.
8. An occupation, etc., that makes one sweat or exert oneself. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > a piece of hard work
toila1500
sweater1851
dinkum1888
schlep1964
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 126/2 The business is a sweater, sir; it's heavy work.
1856 H. B. Stowe Dred xlii You ought to read Fletcher's book; that book, sir, is a sweater, I can tell you. I sweat over it, I know.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. (In sense 5.)
sweater-shop n.
ΚΠ
1901 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 29/1 It is by no means certain that the workpeople..had not to suffer that these things should be, for there are plenty of sweater-shops even in free America.
b. (In sense 7b.)
sweater blouse n.
ΚΠ
1925 Vogue early Mar. 60 (caption) This straight-line sweater blouse from Molyneux..is fashioned of fine dark-blue tricot covered with an all-over woven pattern in gold thread.
1954 New Yorker 27 Nov. 141/1 A wool jersey sweaterblouse, lavender or white, has cap sleeves and a scoop neck ornamented with gold thread and tiny pink felt buds.
sweater coat n.
ΚΠ
1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 5 Apr. 2/5 (advt.) Sweater Coats—New consignment, white, navy, lovat and camel hair, for ladies and gentlemen.
1963 Vogue (U.S. ed.) Dec. 190/2 (caption) Cranberry sweater-coat hand-knitted in Italy.
sweater dress n.
ΚΠ
1965 Harper's Bazaar May 6 (advt.) An enchanting cashmere sweater-dress.
sweater-jumper n.
ΚΠ
1928 Weekly Disp. 13 May 16 Now as to sweater-jumpers. Sometimes they are woven with designs [etc.].
sweater-suit n.
ΚΠ
1929 M. Lief Hangover 232 ‘You're looking fine,’ said Whippet, admiring her..slim figure in a neat-fitting sweater-suit.
1964 Glamour Sept. 160 Town sweater-suits [are] booted for the summer.
C2.
sweater girl n. U.S. a girl, esp. a model or actress, who wears tight-fitting sweaters; originally a name applied to the American actress Lana Turner (1921–95) who wore such a sweater in the film They won't Forget (1937), and in subsequent publicity photographs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [noun] > wearing other clothing > one who
Court-mantlec1367
Sunday citizen1598
longcoat1603
lettice ruffa1625
silkworma1625
copester1637
short-coat1649
Scotch-sleeve?1706
Evite1713
uniform1786
nude1810
blue-stockinged1818
waistcoateer1825
padder1828
stook of duds1834
bloomer1851
sleeve1851
shirt1860
shirtwaister1900
DJ1926
rat-catcher1928
sweater girl1940
zoot-suiter1942
Edwardian1954
penguin1967
overcoat1969
1940 Movie Mirror June 9/1 (caption) Sweet and sophisticated sixteen: Lana Turner, at the time her face hit a thousand papers as the ‘Sweater Girl’.
1941 Life 14 Apr. 33/2 Mr. Breen's letter left movie~makers wondering..what to do with their up-and-coming sweater girls.
1956 S. Ertz Charmed Circle 71 Among all the ‘sweater girls’ she looked, in her unrevealing black dress, as if she had strayed in by mistake.
1971 D. MacKenzie Sleep is for Rich iii. 66 Crying Eddie was getting plenty of attention from the sweater girls.
sweater-shirt n. (a) U.S. a knitted garment that may be worn as a sweater or a shirt; (b) = sweatshirt n. at sweat n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > shirt > types of > other
bloody shirta1586
ruffle shirt1749
ruffled shirt1754
dicky1781
overshirt1805
camise1812
mill tog1821
boiled shirt1853
Crimean shirt1853
Crimea shirt1857
shirtwaist1859
shirt1867
polo shirt1887
zephyr1887
Ghost Shirt1890
Henley1890
negligée shirt1895
turtle-neck1897
rugby shirt1902
bush shirt1909
tunic shirt1918
safari shirt1921
button-down1924
thousand-miler1929
aloha shirt1936
buba1937
zoot shirt1942
Hawaiian shirt1955
sweater-shirt1964
beach shirt1966
kimono shirt1968
dashiki1969
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jumper or jersey > types of > other
pointelle1892
turtle-neck1897
slip-over1919
polo jersey1925
polo jumper1925
polo sweater1925
Sloppy Joe1942
polo neck1959
thick-knit1961
sweater-shirt1964
skinny-rib1965
skivvy1967
mock1989
1964 New Yorker 12 Oct. 15 Sweater-shirt of pink cashmere.
1977 Private Eye 4 Mar. 20/2 (advt.) American styled printed sweatershirts and T-shirts.

Derivatives

ˈsweatered adj. wearing a sweater; clothed in a sweater.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing clothing for body (and limbs) > wearing a jumper or jersey
jerseyed1869
sweatered1901
pullovered1926
polo-sweatered1950
1901 S. E. White Claim Jumpers i. 11 Two sweatered and white-ducked individuals.
1915 P. G. Wodehouse Something Fresh i. § 1 Her bright blue eyes, fixed on his flannelled and sweatered person.
1946 R. Chandler Red Wind 210 The sweatered man snatched the gun up.
1971 C. McCullers Mortgaged Heart (1977) 74 His blue sweatered shoulders were shaking.

Draft additions June 2007

sweater vest n. North American a sleeveless knitted garment worn over a shirt in the manner of a waistcoat or vest; cf. vest n. 3b.
ΚΠ
1903 Mansfield (Ohio) News 24 Jan. 3/1 Pat had just sent away and purchased a fine sweater vest.
1953 Chicago Tribune 23 Sept. ii. 7/1 Knitted sweater vests in a variety of knitted patterns... They're perfect mates to sport coats and provide warmth for active men.
2004 Maclean's (Electronic ed.) 27 Sept. 45 Donning tight pants and a sweater vest.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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