† swenchn.

Forms: Old English suoencc- (Northumbrian, inflected form), Old English suoenc (Northumbrian), Old English suenc (Northumbrian), Old English swenc (Northumbrian), Old English (Northumbrian)–Middle English swench, Middle English suench, Middle English suenche.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Ultimately < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of swink v. with a suffix causing i-mutation; compare swench v. In early use perhaps also partly shortened < Old English geswenc affliction, trial (see note). In later use probably influenced semantically by swink n. (compare sense 1a (and α. forms) at that entry). In addition to i-mutation the suffix also caused palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant; compare discussion of the α. forms at i-swinch n. Old English (Northumbrian) swoenc shows phonological influence of -w- on the following vowel by rounding. In Old English the prefixed form geswenc affliction, trial (compare y- prefix) is also attested:OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 112 Seo eadega Margareta geþrowade for Godes naman and þurh þæt geswenc to ece reste becom.

Obsolete.

Originally: affliction, trial. Subsequently also: labour, toil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun]

swenchOE

derfnessc1175

wandrethc1175

adversity?c1225

derf?c1225

swinka1250

torferc1325

afflictiona1382

stressc1390

marrementc1391

sorea1400

noyancec1400

infortunacya1500

aloea1529

afflict?1529

obduction1610

afflictedness1646

strain1853

besetment1872

wahala1966

catch-arse1970

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil

workeOE

i-swincheOE

swenchOE

swote971

swingc1000

swinkOE

swinkinga1225

travailc1275

cark1330

sweatc1380

the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380

laboura1382

swengc1400

labouragec1470

toil1495

laborationa1500

tug1504

urea1510

carp1548

turmoil1569

moil1612

praelabour1663

fatigue1669

insudation1669

till?a1800

Kaffir work1848

graft1853

workfulness1854

collar-work1871

yakka1888

swot1899

heavy lifting1934

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xxii. 28 Qui permansistis mecum in temtationibus meis : ðaðe ðerhwunadon mec mið in suoenccum [OE Rushw. Gospels swencum] uel in costungum minum.

OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 184 Si te in tribulationibus a deo derelictum intellegas : gif ðec in suoencum from gode forleten ðu ongetest.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 962 To ȝiue hom to libbe by bi suench [a1400 Trin. Cambr. swinch, ?a1425 Digby swynke] of hor honde.

a1350 St. Brendan (Ashm.) l. 620 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1874) 53 34 Vor amonek lyueþ bi þe suench [c1300 Harl. swynk, c1300 Laud swunche, ?a1425 Julius suenk] of is owe honde.

a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 352 (MED) Ne herte ne may þenche þe good þat me habbeþ þer wit-outen any swenche.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† swenchv.

Forms: early Old English suencan, Old English suoenca (Northumbrian), Old English swæncan, Old English swencan, Old English swencean, early Middle English suenche, early Middle English swenche, early Middle English swencke (in prefixed forms), early Middle English swennchenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English swennkenn ( Ormulum). Also past tense Old English suoencte (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), Old English swæncte, Old English swecte (transmission error), Old English–early Middle English swencte, early Middle English suencte. Also past participle Old English geswænct, Old English geswenct, Old English svoenct (in prefixed forms, not ge-), Old English swenct, late Old English geswengt, late Old English swengt, early Middle English ȝeswænct, early Middle English iswechte (transmission error), early Middle English iswenced, early Middle English iswenchet, early Middle English swaint, early Middle English ȝeswæint, early Middle English ȝeswenced.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Ultimately < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of swink v., with a suffix causing i-mutation. Compare swench n. and also sweynt adj. Perhaps compare also swenge v.Despite the lack of Germanic parallels, the word is a regularly formed weak Class I causative verb < the same Germanic base as swink v. The suffix regularly causes palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant (compare similarly swench n.); unassibilated forms probably show the influence of forms with early syncope (compare forms of drench v., quench v.); compare also swink v. Prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form geswencan to trouble, harass, afflict (compare y- prefix) is also attested, and this shows limited survival into early Middle English; compare also Old English aswencan to afflict, distress, trouble (compare a- prefix¹), beswencan to afflict, torment (compare be- prefix).

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To trouble, harass, afflict (a person). Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict

overharryeOE

aileOE

swencheOE

besetOE

traya1000

teenOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

derve?c1225

grieve1297

harrya1300

noyc1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

wrath14..

aggrievea1325

annoya1325

tribula1325

to hold wakenc1330

anguish1340

distrainc1374

wrap1380

strain1382

ermec1386

afflicta1393

cumbera1400

assayc1400

distressc1400

temptc1400

encumber1413

labour1437

infortune?a1439

stressa1450

trouble1489

arraya1500

constraina1500

attempt1525

misease1530

exercise1531

to hold or keep waking1533

try1539

to wring to the worse1542

pinch1548

affligec1550

trounce1551

oppress1555

inflict1566

overharl1570

strait1579

to make a martyr of1599

straiten1611

tribulatea1637

to put through the hoop(s)1919

snooter1923

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]

tawc893

ermec897

swencheOE

besetOE

bestandc1000

teenOE

baitc1175

grieve?c1225

war?c1225

noyc1300

pursuec1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

tribula1325

worka1325

to hold wakenc1330

chase1340

twistc1374

wrap1380

cumbera1400

harrya1400

vexc1410

encumber1413

inquiet1413

molest?a1425

course1466

persecutec1475

trouble1489

sturt1513

hare1523

hag1525

hale1530

exercise1531

to grate on or upon1532

to hold or keep waking1533

infest1533

scourge1540

molestate1543

pinch1548

trounce1551

to shake upa1556

tire1558

moila1560

pester1566

importune1578

hunt1583

moider1587

bebait1589

commacerate1596

bepester1600

ferret1600

harsell1603

hurry1611

gall1614

betoil1622

weary1633

tribulatea1637

harass1656

dun1659

overharry1665

worry1671

haul1678

to plague the life out of1746

badger1782

hatchel1800

worry1811

bedevil1823

devil1823

victimize1830

frab1848

mither1848

to pester the life out of1848

haik1855

beplague1870

chevy1872

obsede1876

to get on ——1880

to load up with1880

tail-twist1898

hassle1901

heckle1920

snooter1923

hassle1945

to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946

to bust (a person's) chops1953

noodge1960

monster1967

eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xii. 435 [Ælc de]aðlic [man] swencð hine selfne mid mislicum and mænigfealdum [ymb]hogum.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1090 Se cyng wæs smægende hu he mihte wrecon his broðer Rodbeard, swiðost swencean & Normandige of him gewinnan.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12216 To swennchenn cristess þeowwess.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7878 Monine mon on sweuene ofte heo swencheð [c1300 Otho swinkeþ].

2. transitive. To subject (one's body, flesh, etc.) to ascetic discipline; to mortify.

ΚΠ

OE Blickling Homilies 81 Þa lareowas sceolan heora agenne lichoman swencean on forhæfdnesse.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15764 Ȝiff þatt we don itt all þwerrt ut..forr to swennchenn ure life To betenn ure sinness.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 107 Swa wisliche ha schal þach swenchen hire flesch.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	swench
释义	† swenchn. Forms: Old English suoencc- (Northumbrian, inflected form), Old English suoenc (Northumbrian), Old English suenc (Northumbrian), Old English swenc (Northumbrian), Old English (Northumbrian)–Middle English swench, Middle English suench, Middle English suenche. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Ultimately < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of swink v. with a suffix causing i-mutation; compare swench v. In early use perhaps also partly shortened < Old English geswenc affliction, trial (see note). In later use probably influenced semantically by swink n. (compare sense 1a (and α. forms) at that entry). In addition to i-mutation the suffix also caused palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant; compare discussion of the α. forms at i-swinch n. Old English (Northumbrian) swoenc shows phonological influence of -w- on the following vowel by rounding. In Old English the prefixed form geswenc affliction, trial (compare y- prefix) is also attested:OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 112 Seo eadega Margareta geþrowade for Godes naman and þurh þæt geswenc to ece reste becom. Obsolete. Originally: affliction, trial. Subsequently also: labour, toil. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] swenchOE derfnessc1175 wandrethc1175 adversity?c1225 derf?c1225 swinka1250 torferc1325 afflictiona1382 stressc1390 marrementc1391 sorea1400 noyancec1400 infortunacya1500 aloea1529 afflict?1529 obduction1610 afflictedness1646 strain1853 besetment1872 wahala1966 catch-arse1970 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil workeOE i-swincheOE swenchOE swote971 swingc1000 swinkOE swinkinga1225 travailc1275 cark1330 sweatc1380 the sweat of (one's) brow (brows), facec1380 laboura1382 swengc1400 labouragec1470 toil1495 laborationa1500 tug1504 urea1510 carp1548 turmoil1569 moil1612 praelabour1663 fatigue1669 insudation1669 till?a1800 Kaffir work1848 graft1853 workfulness1854 collar-work1871 yakka1888 swot1899 heavy lifting1934 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xxii. 28 Qui permansistis mecum in temtationibus meis : ðaðe ðerhwunadon mec mið in suoenccum [OE Rushw. Gospels swencum] uel in costungum minum. OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 184 Si te in tribulationibus a deo derelictum intellegas : gif ðec in suoencum from gode forleten ðu ongetest. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 962 To ȝiue hom to libbe by bi suench [a1400 Trin. Cambr. swinch, ?a1425 Digby swynke] of hor honde. a1350 St. Brendan (Ashm.) l. 620 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1874) 53 34 Vor amonek lyueþ bi þe suench [c1300 Harl. swynk, c1300 Laud swunche, ?a1425 Julius suenk] of is owe honde. a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 352 (MED) Ne herte ne may þenche þe good þat me habbeþ þer wit-outen any swenche. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † swenchv. Forms: early Old English suencan, Old English suoenca (Northumbrian), Old English swæncan, Old English swencan, Old English swencean, early Middle English suenche, early Middle English swenche, early Middle English swencke (in prefixed forms), early Middle English swennchenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English swennkenn ( Ormulum). Also past tense Old English suoencte (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), Old English swæncte, Old English swecte (transmission error), Old English–early Middle English swencte, early Middle English suencte. Also past participle Old English geswænct, Old English geswenct, Old English svoenct (in prefixed forms, not ge-), Old English swenct, late Old English geswengt, late Old English swengt, early Middle English ȝeswænct, early Middle English iswechte (transmission error), early Middle English iswenced, early Middle English iswenchet, early Middle English swaint, early Middle English ȝeswæint, early Middle English ȝeswenced. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Ultimately < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of swink v., with a suffix causing i-mutation. Compare swench n. and also sweynt adj. Perhaps compare also swenge v.Despite the lack of Germanic parallels, the word is a regularly formed weak Class I causative verb < the same Germanic base as swink v. The suffix regularly causes palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant (compare similarly swench n.); unassibilated forms probably show the influence of forms with early syncope (compare forms of drench v., quench v.); compare also swink v. Prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form geswencan to trouble, harass, afflict (compare y- prefix) is also attested, and this shows limited survival into early Middle English; compare also Old English aswencan to afflict, distress, trouble (compare a- prefix¹), beswencan to afflict, torment (compare be- prefix). Obsolete. 1. transitive. To trouble, harass, afflict (a person). Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict overharryeOE aileOE swencheOE besetOE traya1000 teenOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE derve?c1225 grieve1297 harrya1300 noyc1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 wrath14.. aggrievea1325 annoya1325 tribula1325 to hold wakenc1330 anguish1340 distrainc1374 wrap1380 strain1382 ermec1386 afflicta1393 cumbera1400 assayc1400 distressc1400 temptc1400 encumber1413 labour1437 infortune?a1439 stressa1450 trouble1489 arraya1500 constraina1500 attempt1525 misease1530 exercise1531 to hold or keep waking1533 try1539 to wring to the worse1542 pinch1548 affligec1550 trounce1551 oppress1555 inflict1566 overharl1570 strait1579 to make a martyr of1599 straiten1611 tribulatea1637 to put through the hoop(s)1919 snooter1923 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] tawc893 ermec897 swencheOE besetOE bestandc1000 teenOE baitc1175 grieve?c1225 war?c1225 noyc1300 pursuec1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 tribula1325 worka1325 to hold wakenc1330 chase1340 twistc1374 wrap1380 cumbera1400 harrya1400 vexc1410 encumber1413 inquiet1413 molest?a1425 course1466 persecutec1475 trouble1489 sturt1513 hare1523 hag1525 hale1530 exercise1531 to grate on or upon1532 to hold or keep waking1533 infest1533 scourge1540 molestate1543 pinch1548 trounce1551 to shake upa1556 tire1558 moila1560 pester1566 importune1578 hunt1583 moider1587 bebait1589 commacerate1596 bepester1600 ferret1600 harsell1603 hurry1611 gall1614 betoil1622 weary1633 tribulatea1637 harass1656 dun1659 overharry1665 worry1671 haul1678 to plague the life out of1746 badger1782 hatchel1800 worry1811 bedevil1823 devil1823 victimize1830 frab1848 mither1848 to pester the life out of1848 haik1855 beplague1870 chevy1872 obsede1876 to get on ——1880 to load up with1880 tail-twist1898 hassle1901 heckle1920 snooter1923 hassle1945 to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946 to bust (a person's) chops1953 noodge1960 monster1967 eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xii. 435 [Ælc de]aðlic [man] swencð hine selfne mid mislicum and mænigfealdum [ymb]hogum. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1090 Se cyng wæs smægende hu he mihte wrecon his broðer Rodbeard, swiðost swencean & Normandige of him gewinnan. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12216 To swennchenn cristess þeowwess. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7878 Monine mon on sweuene ofte heo swencheð [c1300 Otho swinkeþ]. 2. transitive. To subject (one's body, flesh, etc.) to ascetic discipline; to mortify. ΚΠ OE Blickling Homilies 81 Þa lareowas sceolan heora agenne lichoman swencean on forhæfdnesse. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15764 Ȝiff þatt we don itt all þwerrt ut..forr to swennchenn ure life To betenn ure sinness. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 107 Swa wisliche ha schal þach swenchen hire flesch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.OEv.eOE
随便看	lionheart lionhearted lionheartedness lionhood lionhued lionhunter lionhunting lionhuntress lioning lionisation lionisations lionise lionised lioniser lionisers lionises lionish lionising lionism lionite lionization lionizations lionize lionized lionizer