sustainableadj.

Brit.

/səˈsteɪnəbl/, U.S.

/səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sustain v., -able suffix.

Etymology: < sustain v. + -able suffix. Compare earlier sustenable adj. and French forms cited at that entry.

†1. Capable of being endured or borne; bearable. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Soustenable, sustainable,..abideable.

1771 E. Gilchrist Use Sea Voy. in Med. (new ed.) ii. 14 What is only healthful, and a mere recreation to one, may to another be painful and hardly sustainable.

1820 Monthly Repos. June 368 To many congregations..tottering beneath a weight already scarce sustainable, another atom made them sink.

2. Capable of being upheld or defended as valid, correct, or true.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective] > capable of being supported

supportablec1454

sustentablea1623

sustainable1680

1680 G. Mackenzie Observ. Laws & Customs of Nations 84 If such Resignations or transmissions were sustainable, all titles might be sold.

1707 Mem. Royal House Savoy 54 This proposition is so little sustainable [etc.]

1775 J. Shebbeare Answer to Queries in Let. 56 His doctrine [sic]..if they be sustainable in any state; and on the utmost emergencies; are such as are the most causelessly promulged in this kingdom.

1845 T. De Quincey Notes on Gilfillan's Gallery Lit. Portraits in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 758/1 From the verdict of a jury..no candid and temperate man will allow himself to believe any appeal sustainable.

1875 N. Amer. Rev. 120 463 Religion may be morally useful without being intellectually sustainable.

1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 27 69 The Defendant has taken several technical objections to the order, none of which..are sustainable.

1919 E. T. C. Werner China of Chinese (1920) vi. 196 Whether it be or be not a sustainable argument that the people of Southern are more superstitious than those of Northern China, [etc.].

1961 Times 22 Mar. 4/5 Wage claims would no doubt come forward..when people thought they had a sustainable case.

2002 C. Wilks Emotion, Truth & Meaning iv. 100 It is only in this indirect sense that the ‘pure fanatic’ problem constitutes a sustainable objection to Hare's theory.

a. Capable of being maintained or continued at a certain rate or level.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [adjective] > capable of conservation

sustainable1924

the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring > causing to continue or endure

self-maintaining1830

sustainable1949

1924 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 18 202 The world is not far from its maximum sustainable population.

1949 Amer. Econ. Rev. 39 446 Highly promising work is being done on the theory of sustainable growth rates.

1971 Nature 9 July 80/2 The blue whale could have supplied indefinitely a sustainable yield of 6,000 individuals a year.

1976 Times 4 Aug. 3/8 The achievement of a sustainable, stationary population.

1990 Lifestyle Summer 78/1 (advt.) Achieving sustainable consumption without needing to adopt a ‘hair-shirt’ attitude is part of the philosophy.

2002 J. Heskett Toothpicks & Logos v. 95 The highest levels in sustainable growth arising from the revolution in electronic media have been in business-to-business applications, which have dramatically expanded.

b. Designating forms of human activity (esp. of an economic nature) in which environmental degradation is minimized, esp. by avoiding the long-term depletion of natural resources; of or relating to activity of this type. Also: designating a natural resource which is exploited in such a way as to avoid its long-term depletion. Cf. sustainability n. 2b.First recorded in sustainable energy. Some of the more established uses of this sense are treated separately: see Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > [adjective] > safe or not dangerous > safe or harmless > to the environment

environmentalist1968

environmentally sound1969

environmentally friendly1971

friendly1971

low-impact1972

sustainable1976

environmental1977

environmental friendly1977

sustainability1980

eco-sensitive1982

environment-friendly1982

nature-friendly1984

ozone-friendly1988

earth-friendly1989

eco-friendly1989

1976 D. Orr et al. (title) The Wolfcreek statement: toward a sustainable energy society.

1980 World Conservation Strategy (Internat. Union Conservation of Nature) iv. 1/1 The necessity of ensuring that utilization of an ecosystem or species is sustainable varies with a society's dependence on the resource in question.

1987 New Scientist 30 July 51/2 Agroforestry is arguably the single most important discipline for the future of sustainable agriculture in Africa.

1990 Environment 121/1 Peaudouce plant three trees for every one that is felled—a genuine, sustainable use of a resource.

2006 Independent 23 June (Extra section) 2 The Marine Conservation Society..campaigns for clean seas and beaches, sustainable fisheries..and sensitive use of marine resources.

2009 B. Thorness Edible Heirlooms i. 15 To me, sustainable gardening means growing my food with as little external input as possible. I'll gladly pull weeds by hand rather than use herbicides.

2010 Nature 18 Feb. 849/2 A developing country can accelerate its GDP growth by over-logging its forests, even though this could destroy a sustainable resource and carbon sink that would be far more valuable over time.

Compounds

sustainable architecture n. architecture managed in such a way as to employ design techniques which minimize environmental degradation and make use of low-impact materials and energy sources.

ΚΠ

1986 F. A. Reid in S. van der Ryn & P. Calthorpe Sustainable Communities ii. 177 Another aspect of transit interfacing that is particularly important in sustainable architecture is the pedestrian link.

1995 Guardian 7 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) 25/2 Their visitor centre for the urban farm in Liverpool has been approved..and part of the brief is that the building should explain sustainable architecture to the farm's young visitors.

2009 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 34/1 Green or sustainable architecture is all the rage—as well it should be, because buildings use a lot of energy.

sustainable city n. Town Planning and Ecology a city constructed or landscaped in such a way as to minimize environmental degradation, with facilities (such as transport, waste management, etc.) which are designed so as to limit their impact on the natural environment, while providing the infrastructure needed for its inhabitants.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > city > [noun] > other types of city

kine-burghc1225

City of Goda1382

city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425

mother city?a1425

imperial city1550

city dwelling1613

second city1621

out-city1642

garden town1835

hoard-burg1895

garden city1898

cathedral city1902

parasitopolis1927

twin city1973

arcology1985

sustainable city1986

1986 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 17 Sept. a4/3 Altoona really has the opportunity to come to the forefront in being a sustainable city.

1992 Environment & Urbanization 4 154 (title) Sustainable cities: meeting needs, reducing resource use and recycling, re-use and reclamation.

2010 New Scientist 9 Oct. 22/2 Like other sustainable cities, PIanIT Valley will treat its own water and tap renewable energy. Buildings will also have plant-covered roofs.

sustainable development n. (a) Economics economic development which can be sustained in the long term; cf. sense 3a (rare, and perhaps not a fixed collocation in this sense); (b) economic development in which natural resources are used in ways compatible with the long-term maintenance of these resources, and with the conservation of the environment.

ΚΠ

1972 Econ. Jrnl. 82 696 Any judgment about performance under the plan must be based on the extent to which the foundations for sustainable development in Turkey were laid.

1980 World Conservation Strategy (Internat. Union Conservation of Nature) i. 1/3 That conservation and sustainable development are mutually dependent can be illustrated by the plight of the rural poor.

2000 Daily News (Tanzania) 10 Mar. 6/1 In a move aimed at achieving sustainable development of the coastal communities and resources, Tanzania has drafted a coastal governance policy based on the principles of integrated coastal management.

2008 D. A. Fennell Ecotourism (ed. 3) vi. 152 The Kuna are mindful of the importance of sustainable development and are striving to achieve it.

sustainable energy n. energy derived from natural resources that are capable of being replenished, such as water, wind, or solar power, and hence can be sustained in the long term; frequently (and in earliest use) attributive.

ΚΠ

1976Sustainable energy [see sense 3b].

1990 Taxation & Environmental Policy (IFS Commentary No. 19) 6 Hydroelectric and other sustainable energy sources..might be expected to play a larger role in the energy industry.

2010 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 July c10/4 Mr. Nouvel said the island will be using 100% sustainable energy, such as solar and geothermal sources.

sustainable tourism n. tourism managed in a way which can be sustained in the long term and which preserves the integrity of the environment; cf. ecotourism n.

ΚΠ

1988 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 26 June Rational, sustainable tourism can help save the Pantanal by increasing international awareness of the region. But it must be done with caution... Tourism can also destroy.

1993 Jrnl. Sustainable Tourism 1 2/1 Sustainable tourism is a positive approach intended to reduce the tensions and friction created by the complex interactions between the tourism industry, visitors, the environment and the communities which are host to holidaymakers.

2006 A. Steffen et al. Worldchanging (2008) 365/1 Sustainable tourism could mean reducing water usage at a large hotel. It could be initiating a guide-training program for residents who live near a sightseeing destination.

sustainable transport n. transport that minimizes harmful effects on the environment and the depletion of natural resources, such as walking, cycling, and fuel-efficient public transport, and hence can be sustained in the long term.

ΚΠ

1989 Independent 27 May 16/7 Already his charitable organisation, Sustrans (sustainable transport), has created nearly 200 miles of cycleways, and his aim is nothing less than a continuous route from London to Inverness.

1997 GQ Sept. 270/2 Sections from Padstow to Bristol and Bath, and Harwich to Hull, have been opened. Inner city routes are also part of the scheme to encourage the use of sustainable transport.

2005 Permaculture Mag. Winter 35/4 A conceptual road-map to a more sustainable society..through..biological waste management, sustainable transport systems, community governance and so on.

Derivatives

suˈstainably adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [adverb]

sustainably1843

1843 New Mirror (N.Y.) 5 Aug. 288/2 Yet of all these and sundry other constructions is the colonel's ‘Oh’ sustainably susceptible.

1919 Lumber 1 Sept. 14/2 The cost of production..must be..in point of automatic processes sustainably profitable.

1990 Pract. Woodworking Mar. 87/1 (advt.) Main agents for the Ecological Trading Company supplying tropical hardwoods from sustainably managed sources.

2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xiv. 394 Whereas in the past foresters all too often just took what they wanted (and clear-felled vast areas of North America, for instance, often with gratuitous profligacy) the trend now is to log selectively and sustainably.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sustainable
释义	sustainableadj. Brit. /səˈsteɪnəbl/, U.S. /səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sustain v., -able suffix. Etymology: < sustain v. + -able suffix. Compare earlier sustenable adj. and French forms cited at that entry. †1. Capable of being endured or borne; bearable. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Soustenable, sustainable,..abideable. 1771 E. Gilchrist Use Sea Voy. in Med. (new ed.) ii. 14 What is only healthful, and a mere recreation to one, may to another be painful and hardly sustainable. 1820 Monthly Repos. June 368 To many congregations..tottering beneath a weight already scarce sustainable, another atom made them sink. 2. Capable of being upheld or defended as valid, correct, or true. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [adjective] > capable of being supported supportablec1454 sustentablea1623 sustainable1680 1680 G. Mackenzie Observ. Laws & Customs of Nations 84 If such Resignations or transmissions were sustainable, all titles might be sold. 1707 Mem. Royal House Savoy 54 This proposition is so little sustainable [etc.] 1775 J. Shebbeare Answer to Queries in Let. 56 His doctrine [sic]..if they be sustainable in any state; and on the utmost emergencies; are such as are the most causelessly promulged in this kingdom. 1845 T. De Quincey Notes on Gilfillan's Gallery Lit. Portraits in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 758/1 From the verdict of a jury..no candid and temperate man will allow himself to believe any appeal sustainable. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. 120 463 Religion may be morally useful without being intellectually sustainable. 1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 27 69 The Defendant has taken several technical objections to the order, none of which..are sustainable. 1919 E. T. C. Werner China of Chinese (1920) vi. 196 Whether it be or be not a sustainable argument that the people of Southern are more superstitious than those of Northern China, [etc.]. 1961 Times 22 Mar. 4/5 Wage claims would no doubt come forward..when people thought they had a sustainable case. 2002 C. Wilks Emotion, Truth & Meaning iv. 100 It is only in this indirect sense that the ‘pure fanatic’ problem constitutes a sustainable objection to Hare's theory. 3. a. Capable of being maintained or continued at a certain rate or level. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [adjective] > capable of conservation sustainable1924 the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring > causing to continue or endure self-maintaining1830 sustainable1949 1924 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 18 202 The world is not far from its maximum sustainable population. 1949 Amer. Econ. Rev. 39 446 Highly promising work is being done on the theory of sustainable growth rates. 1971 Nature 9 July 80/2 The blue whale could have supplied indefinitely a sustainable yield of 6,000 individuals a year. 1976 Times 4 Aug. 3/8 The achievement of a sustainable, stationary population. 1990 Lifestyle Summer 78/1 (advt.) Achieving sustainable consumption without needing to adopt a ‘hair-shirt’ attitude is part of the philosophy. 2002 J. Heskett Toothpicks & Logos v. 95 The highest levels in sustainable growth arising from the revolution in electronic media have been in business-to-business applications, which have dramatically expanded. b. Designating forms of human activity (esp. of an economic nature) in which environmental degradation is minimized, esp. by avoiding the long-term depletion of natural resources; of or relating to activity of this type. Also: designating a natural resource which is exploited in such a way as to avoid its long-term depletion. Cf. sustainability n. 2b.First recorded in sustainable energy. Some of the more established uses of this sense are treated separately: see Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > [adjective] > safe or not dangerous > safe or harmless > to the environment environmentalist1968 environmentally sound1969 environmentally friendly1971 friendly1971 low-impact1972 sustainable1976 environmental1977 environmental friendly1977 sustainability1980 eco-sensitive1982 environment-friendly1982 nature-friendly1984 ozone-friendly1988 earth-friendly1989 eco-friendly1989 1976 D. Orr et al. (title) The Wolfcreek statement: toward a sustainable energy society. 1980 World Conservation Strategy (Internat. Union Conservation of Nature) iv. 1/1 The necessity of ensuring that utilization of an ecosystem or species is sustainable varies with a society's dependence on the resource in question. 1987 New Scientist 30 July 51/2 Agroforestry is arguably the single most important discipline for the future of sustainable agriculture in Africa. 1990 Environment 121/1 Peaudouce plant three trees for every one that is felled—a genuine, sustainable use of a resource. 2006 Independent 23 June (Extra section) 2 The Marine Conservation Society..campaigns for clean seas and beaches, sustainable fisheries..and sensitive use of marine resources. 2009 B. Thorness Edible Heirlooms i. 15 To me, sustainable gardening means growing my food with as little external input as possible. I'll gladly pull weeds by hand rather than use herbicides. 2010 Nature 18 Feb. 849/2 A developing country can accelerate its GDP growth by over-logging its forests, even though this could destroy a sustainable resource and carbon sink that would be far more valuable over time. Compounds sustainable architecture n. architecture managed in such a way as to employ design techniques which minimize environmental degradation and make use of low-impact materials and energy sources. ΚΠ 1986 F. A. Reid in S. van der Ryn & P. Calthorpe Sustainable Communities ii. 177 Another aspect of transit interfacing that is particularly important in sustainable architecture is the pedestrian link. 1995 Guardian 7 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) 25/2 Their visitor centre for the urban farm in Liverpool has been approved..and part of the brief is that the building should explain sustainable architecture to the farm's young visitors. 2009 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 34/1 Green or sustainable architecture is all the rage—as well it should be, because buildings use a lot of energy. sustainable city n. Town Planning and Ecology a city constructed or landscaped in such a way as to minimize environmental degradation, with facilities (such as transport, waste management, etc.) which are designed so as to limit their impact on the natural environment, while providing the infrastructure needed for its inhabitants. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > city > [noun] > other types of city kine-burghc1225 City of Goda1382 city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425 mother city?a1425 imperial city1550 city dwelling1613 second city1621 out-city1642 garden town1835 hoard-burg1895 garden city1898 cathedral city1902 parasitopolis1927 twin city1973 arcology1985 sustainable city1986 1986 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 17 Sept. a4/3 Altoona really has the opportunity to come to the forefront in being a sustainable city. 1992 Environment & Urbanization 4 154 (title) Sustainable cities: meeting needs, reducing resource use and recycling, re-use and reclamation. 2010 New Scientist 9 Oct. 22/2 Like other sustainable cities, PIanIT Valley will treat its own water and tap renewable energy. Buildings will also have plant-covered roofs. sustainable development n. (a) Economics economic development which can be sustained in the long term; cf. sense 3a (rare, and perhaps not a fixed collocation in this sense); (b) economic development in which natural resources are used in ways compatible with the long-term maintenance of these resources, and with the conservation of the environment. ΚΠ 1972 Econ. Jrnl. 82 696 Any judgment about performance under the plan must be based on the extent to which the foundations for sustainable development in Turkey were laid. 1980 World Conservation Strategy (Internat. Union Conservation of Nature) i. 1/3 That conservation and sustainable development are mutually dependent can be illustrated by the plight of the rural poor. 2000 Daily News (Tanzania) 10 Mar. 6/1 In a move aimed at achieving sustainable development of the coastal communities and resources, Tanzania has drafted a coastal governance policy based on the principles of integrated coastal management. 2008 D. A. Fennell Ecotourism (ed. 3) vi. 152 The Kuna are mindful of the importance of sustainable development and are striving to achieve it. sustainable energy n. energy derived from natural resources that are capable of being replenished, such as water, wind, or solar power, and hence can be sustained in the long term; frequently (and in earliest use) attributive. ΚΠ 1976Sustainable energy [see sense 3b]. 1990 Taxation & Environmental Policy (IFS Commentary No. 19) 6 Hydroelectric and other sustainable energy sources..might be expected to play a larger role in the energy industry. 2010 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 July c10/4 Mr. Nouvel said the island will be using 100% sustainable energy, such as solar and geothermal sources. sustainable tourism n. tourism managed in a way which can be sustained in the long term and which preserves the integrity of the environment; cf. ecotourism n. ΚΠ 1988 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 26 June Rational, sustainable tourism can help save the Pantanal by increasing international awareness of the region. But it must be done with caution... Tourism can also destroy. 1993 Jrnl. Sustainable Tourism 1 2/1 Sustainable tourism is a positive approach intended to reduce the tensions and friction created by the complex interactions between the tourism industry, visitors, the environment and the communities which are host to holidaymakers. 2006 A. Steffen et al. Worldchanging (2008) 365/1 Sustainable tourism could mean reducing water usage at a large hotel. It could be initiating a guide-training program for residents who live near a sightseeing destination. sustainable transport n. transport that minimizes harmful effects on the environment and the depletion of natural resources, such as walking, cycling, and fuel-efficient public transport, and hence can be sustained in the long term. ΚΠ 1989 Independent 27 May 16/7 Already his charitable organisation, Sustrans (sustainable transport), has created nearly 200 miles of cycleways, and his aim is nothing less than a continuous route from London to Inverness. 1997 GQ Sept. 270/2 Sections from Padstow to Bristol and Bath, and Harwich to Hull, have been opened. Inner city routes are also part of the scheme to encourage the use of sustainable transport. 2005 Permaculture Mag. Winter 35/4 A conceptual road-map to a more sustainable society..through..biological waste management, sustainable transport systems, community governance and so on. Derivatives suˈstainably adv. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [adverb] sustainably1843 1843 New Mirror (N.Y.) 5 Aug. 288/2 Yet of all these and sundry other constructions is the colonel's ‘Oh’ sustainably susceptible. 1919 Lumber 1 Sept. 14/2 The cost of production..must be..in point of automatic processes sustainably profitable. 1990 Pract. Woodworking Mar. 87/1 (advt.) Main agents for the Ecological Trading Company supplying tropical hardwoods from sustainably managed sources. 2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xiv. 394 Whereas in the past foresters all too often just took what they wanted (and clear-felled vast areas of North America, for instance, often with gratuitous profligacy) the trend now is to log selectively and sustainably. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1611
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