1598 B. Yong tr. G. Polo Enamoured Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 395 The ship..was in so great danger of turning bottome vp [Sp. trastornarse], that she had now her forepart hidden vnder the water.

1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 35 Yet she wallow'd so in the Sea, that we all of us thought she would at last wallow her self Bottom up.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick lxxiv. 369 Let us now with whatever levers and steam-engines we have at hand, cast over the sperm whale's head, so that it may lie bottom up.

1888 Science 26 Oct. 198/1 This danger is especially great..when the derelict is bottom-up... The steamship ‘Louisiana’..passed within fifty feet of a vessel two hundred feet long, bottom-up.

1928 Science 31 Aug. 205/1 The division of the cephalic portion into upper and lower branches may take care of the possibility of swimming bottom-up.

1990 E. Dorn Abhorrences 33 Recommends strapping skis bottomup On roof-rack in case of flip-over.

2002 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 12 June a18 An empty can that stands bottom-up in a small circle.

1894 Inland Printer Nov. 156/1 The sunken Amargosa river.., like nearly all the rivers flowing through the desert regions of the southwest, flows ‘bottom up’, and not within the memory of man has water been known to flow through its surface channel which is more strongly marked than that of any of the dry rivers of this region.

1904 Outlook 25 June 467/2 California rivers are said to flow bottom up.

1977 IEEE Conf. Acoustics, Speech, & Signal Processing I. 422/2 Not all words in a spoken utterance may be recognized bottom-up.

1979 Computerworld 24 Dec. 28/3 ‘Our products were designed bottom up to work with the network—not pieced together’, Johnson said.

1984 P. H. Winston Artificial Intelligence (ed. 2) x. 340 One possibility is that the information flows bottom up through the various representations, with the computation at each stage depending only on the description produced at the immediately preceding stage.

1991 J. Russell in R. Tallis & H. Robinson Pursuit of Mind ii. 32 The parsing mechanism constitutes one independent cognitive module among others, which can be studied in terms of representations that are built from the raw input of the speech stream ‘bottom up’.

2001 Independent 4 Apr. (Business Suppl.) 5/5 We invest bottom-up, stock by stock.

2008 U. Frith Autism: Very Short Introd. vi. 99 The delivery system works bottom-up, the control system top-down. Both do a job but they must work together.

1923 Managem. & Admin Aug. 217/1 I wonder if the time is far distant when this ‘from-the-bottom-up’ process, and ‘from-the-top-down’ process, will meet and merge, giving us one function of control, covering both production and financial ​activities.]

1930 Daily Digest (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 25 Jan. 3 Can we reconcile warring personalities; can we keep a balance between top-down management and bottom-up control?

1949 W. Given Bottom-up Managem. i. 3 Under ‘bottom up’ management the head of a business tries to release the thinking and encourage the initiative of all those down the line.

1954 Community Service, Inc. (title) Bottom-up democracy: the affiliation of small democratic units for common service.

1979 Dædalus Winter 104 In Western Europe..political parties are increasingly tightly bottom-up grassroots organizations.

1998 Housing Agenda Mar. 23/3 Values research offers a chance for genuine consultation and partnership which is inclusive and bottom-up.

2005 Review June 10/1 They implemented a bottom-up approach, asking employees for their input into how safety could be enhanced.

1942 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 56 328 In the long run it is part of the larger question of whether ‘bottom-up’ control can be as efficient as ‘top-down’ control.

1973 Jrnl. Financial & Quantitative Anal. 8 702 We do not want to allow tradeoffs among these decision areas to be obscured by a welter of lower level details. We follow a ‘top-down’ rather than a ‘bottom-up’ approach.

1983 Fortune 22 Aug. 104/2 It's a bottom-up look, not top-down—it's deciding how the engineers and others would design this corporation to be the most effective deliverers of our product.

2002 M. Sipper Machine Nature xi. 181 Evolution is further distinguished from engineering in that it is a bottom-up process: Its ‘products’ emerge from the myriad of interactions that take place in the biosphere.

1964 Communications ACM 7 80 My analyzer is bottom-up and Warshall's is top-down.

1970 Mathematics of Computation 24 235 A broad introduction to the parsing problem, outlining top-down, bottom-up, and catch-as-catch-can approaches to compiling.

1983 G. Brown & G. Yule Discourse Anal. vii. 234 We work out the meanings of the words and structure of a sentence and build up a composite meaning for the sentence (i.e. bottom-up processing).

2013 Y. Zhao in J. Wang Handbk. Finite State Based Models & Applic. xiii. 274 There are two approaches to do syntax analysis based on how a parsing tree is built: top-down and bottom-up.

1972 O. J. Dahl et al. Struct. Programming p. v Structured programming principles can be equally applied in ‘bottom-up’ as in ‘top-down’ program design.

1985 Pract. Computing May 149/1 Basic tends to encourage a bottom-up style of programming on the part of the naive user.

1994 Proc. IEEE 3rd Workshop Program Comprehension 170/1 In bottom up development, the programmer starts by implementing the lowest level general purpose utility routines.

1995 Computer Weekly 30 Nov. 30/3 The top-downers argue that the bottom-up approach is far too limited.

2002 D. MacKenzie in U. Hashagen et al. Hist. Computing iii. 107 Turkle..chooses the term ‘bricolage’ to describe the ‘bottom-up,’ concrete, ‘soft mastery’ of the hacker style.

1984 Science 29 June 1385/2 It is a member of a loose and young-looking group that is most naturally interpreted as forming by Lemaître's ‘bottom-up’ scenario.

1986 Sci. Amer. July 37/1 The bottom-up model was faced with a severe problem in the late 1970's, when superclusters hundreds of millions of light-years long were discovered.

1990 J. Gribbin & M. Rees Cosmic Coincidences (1991) iii. 72 In a so-called bottom-up scenario, objects like dwarf galaxies and globular clusters formed first and the pieces were then grouped together by gravity to make galaxies and clusters.

1999 N.Y. Times 26 Jan. d2/6 Many theorists had subscribed to a simpler idea of ‘bottom-up’ evolution, progressing from stars and galaxies to clusters, on to superclusters.

2011 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 123 2/2 Starting with an inflationary dark-matter-dominated universe, structures form through the bottom-up hierarchy.