surplusn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈsəːpləs/, U.S.

/ˈsərpləs/,

/ˈsərˌpləs/

Forms: Plural surpluses († surplusses). Also Middle English–1500s -pluis, Middle English -ples, -plice, Middle English–1500s -pluse.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surplus, so(u)rplus (whence medieval Latin surplus ) = Provençal sobreplus , < medieval Latin superplūs , < super super- prefix 4 + plūs more.

A. n.

a. What remains over and above what has been taken or used; an amount remaining in excess. †Also, (a) superfluity, superabundance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > a surplus or excess

surplusc1374

overplusa1387

surplusagec1407

superplusage1436

superplusa1450

surcroitre1496

superfluous1552

excess1557

over-increase1579

over-sum1587

overflow1589

surcrease1600

surcroist1601

over-crease1625

exceeding1719

excedent1811

surcruec1825

overage1886

overspill1892

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > what remains in excess

surplusc1374

overplusa1387

thrifta1387

surplusagec1407

superplusage1436

overdealc1440

overcome1445

superplusa1450

superfluities1483

upperplus1578

super1626

reserve1646

overs1864

overmatter1887

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 60 Þey gonnen trete Here prisoneres to chaungen most and leste, And for the surplus, yeue sommes grete.

c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 5859 Oonly for to han victoire With-oute surplus of wynnyng.

1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 The Wever..shall..restore to the same Clothier the surpluis of the same yerne.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 43 He hath faults (with surplus) to tyre in repetition.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. iii. 7 It is a surplus of your Grace, which neuer My life may last to answere.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 30 In th' Holsters..Two aged Pistolls he did stow, Among the surplus of such meat As in his hose he could not get.

1736 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 585/1 In Case the future Produce of those Duties should amount to more than 800,000l. a Year, those Surplusses were by them..appropriated to the Civil List.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 236 In every prosperous community something more is produced than goes to the immediate support of the producer. This surplus forms the income of the landed capitalist.

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 400 Pour the surplus of this liquid immediately away.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 85 That where there was a direction to sell land for a particular purpose, the surplus did not form ‘part of the personal estate, so as to pass by the residuary bequest.’

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. vi. i. 291 A brief, sheeted stream bore its surplus into the lake.

1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 95 The rent of better land will consist of the surplus of its produce over that of the poorest cultivated land.

1879 J. Lubbock Addresses, Polit. & Educ. vi. 125 We are slightly diminishing our Debt in two ways, by accidental surpluses and by terminable annuities.

1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 194 Fold the paper over the edge of frame and double down the surplus on the side.

1905 Act 5 Edward VII c. 17 §5 Any surpluses..which may be effected by the saving of expenditure upon votes within the same department.

b. Politics. In some systems of election by transferable vote: the votes which are transferred from a candidate who has attained the quota necessary for election to one who has not.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > system of representation > quota or surplus

quota1857

surplus1926

1926 C. G. Hoag & G. H. Hallett Proportional Representation 345 The particular ballots of a candidate to be transferred as his surplus shall be those which have received certain serial numbers.

1950 W. Theimer & P. Campbell Encycl. World Politics 353/1 In successive counts by the electoral officials the candidates with most preferences are elected and their surpluses over the minimum quota necessary for election transferred according to the voters' preferences until all the seats are filled.

1973 Irish Times 2 Mar. 1/1 This was also the first striking example of Fine Gael votes transferring to Labour: Mr. Kyne was elected on the surplus of Mr. Eddie Collins.

†2. What remains to make up a whole; the remainder, the rest. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest

lave971

otherOE

remanantc1350

remnanta1375

surplusc1400

remanent1414

reversionc1450

rest?1473

remain1483

allowance1521

reliquation1658

rump1708

balance1788

c1400 Rom. Rose 3675 Who therto may wynnen, ywisse, He of the surplus of the praye May lyfe in hoope to gette some daye.

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes ii. (Bodl. 263) Touchyng the surplus off his gouernaunce..In Iosephus his story ye may reede.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) x. 272 There are com agayn but thre hundred, and the surplus is all slayn or taken.

a1500 Ratis Raving 1812 And al the surplice of the schame Scho wyll bere bauldly with the blam.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. xxvii. sig. ii.iii To knowe the tokenes of deth to the ende that he may denounce as well vnto the pacyence as vnto his frendes that they puruayen of the surplus.

1518 H. Watson tr. Hystorye Olyuer of Castylle (Roxb.) C 3 b Yf that thou haue not compassyon vpon me the surplus of my dayes shal be in anguyssh.

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xlix. 468 Whatsoeuer punishments the wicked suffer before they die, they..must descend into the appointed place to receiue the surplus of their paiments which is due vnto them.

1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. ii. 166 I left for the luserne, nine beds,..and destined the surplus to be sowed with wheat.

B. adj.

1. That is in excess of what is taken, used, or needed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > excessive or superfluous > that is surplus

overplus1640

surplus1641

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [adjective] > remaining in excess

remanent1443

over1494

subsecive1613

overplus1640

surplus1641

leftover1864

1641 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 16 June 20 798 What is fitt to bee done w^th the surplus money.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 203 They now exchange their surplus peltry, for blankets, fire-arms, and brandy.

1795 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Essex 181 To relieve the wet heavy woodlands of their surplus water.

1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 66 The annual value of the surplus produce of the land, and labour of England, which was then exported to foreign countries, amounted only to 4,086,087 l.

1879 H. George Progress & Poverty (1881) ii. i. 88 The natural law gets rid of surplus population.

1893 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 109 Until all the surplus gelatine is expelled.

2. surplus value n. (Economics, esp. in Marxism), that part of the value of the results of human labour which accrues beyond the amount needed to reproduce the initial labour power.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > specific theories or doctrines > value theory > amounts or parts of value

added value1814

surplus value1816

production value1894

value-added1932

1816 S. T. Coleridge in D. P. Calleo Coleridge & Idea of Modern State (1966) i. 12 The nearest approach to the realization of such a state is a colony, composed of 100 wealthy Planters, and a 100,000 Slaves, the surplus value of whose labor above the price of the scanty food and cloathing centers in the 100.

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 211/1 The fundamental principle of the Marx school..is the theory of ‘surplus value,’—the doctrine..that, after the labourer has been paid the wage necessary for the subsistence of himself and family, the surplus produce of his labour is appropriated by the capitalist who exploits it.

1904 W. T. Mills Struggle for Existence xxv. 325 Labor produces more than the cost of its own reproduction. This product of labor in excess of the labor cost of producing labor is the ‘surplus value’ of Karl Marx.

1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come i. §4.51 The entrepreneur, the capitalist, became the villain of his [sc. Marx's] piece, using the prior advantage of his capital to appropriate the ‘surplus value’ of production.

1944 G. B. Shaw Everybody's Polit. What's What? i. 1 He [sc. Marx] proved up to the hilt that capital in its pursuit of what he called Mehrwerth, which we translate as Surplus Value (it includes rent, interest, and commercial profit), is ruthless.

1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iv. 89 How can you be against a corporation that wants a worker to waive his patent rights. That sounds like the surplus value theory to me, fella, and you sound like a Marxist.

1975 Chinese Econ. Stud. 8 iv. 60 Capitalist production is commodity production aimed at reaping surplus value.

3. Of a shop: that sells goods which are surplus to (chiefly, military) requirements.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [adjective] > relating to shop > selling specific goods

fish-and-chip1876

jug and bottle1894

surplus1951

bucket-shop1973

nearly-new1976

1951 R. Senhouse tr. Colette Last of Chéri 208 Jean de Touzac—is in the surplus store racket. What a set!

1970 A. Fowles Dupe Negative xi. 140 I found a surplus store and bought a duffel bag.

1978 S. Wilson Dealer's Move iii. 40 I..drove down to a surplus shop in Hampstead Road, and bought a down-filled sleeping-bag.

Derivatives

surplus v. transitive (U.S. Military colloquial), to dispose of (property which is surplus to requirements); also with out. Chiefly in passive.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale > specific extra or surplus articles

surplus1963

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > do without or get rid of > as surplus

surplus1963

1963 D. Broun Egypt's Choice (1964) i. 12 The helicopter..used to belong to the United States Marine Corps. It was surplussed out a year ago.

1968 R. West Sketches from Vietnam i. 18 Many were ‘surplused’ during the following month.

Draft additions September 2013

surplus to requirement(s): more than is required or necessary; superfluous; no longer wanted or needed.

ΚΠ

1886 Times of India 1 Nov. 2/4 (advt.) Verbal offers will be received..for the purchase of 300 yards superior woollen cloth.., surplus to requirements.

1939 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 38 255 The management should be able to buy and hold tin which has become surplus to requirements owing to production being in excess of current demand.

1963 Times 17 Oct. 5/5 Today their strategic potential has been deemed surplus to requirement and attempts will be made to sell them [sc. sea forts] off individually.

1997 G. Williams Diamond Geezers v. 39 Basically it means sacking people..people being told they ain't needed no longer, that they're surplus to requirements.

2012 Sowetan (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 5 Sept. The attacking midfielder..has been told he is surplus to requirements after a change of coach.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	surplus
释义	surplusn.adj. Brit. /ˈsəːpləs/, U.S. /ˈsərpləs/, /ˈsərˌpləs/ Forms: Plural surpluses († surplusses). Also Middle English–1500s -pluis, Middle English -ples, -plice, Middle English–1500s -pluse. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surplus, so(u)rplus (whence medieval Latin surplus ) = Provençal sobreplus , < medieval Latin superplūs , < super super- prefix 4 + plūs more. A. n. 1. a. What remains over and above what has been taken or used; an amount remaining in excess. †Also, (a) superfluity, superabundance. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity > a surplus or excess surplusc1374 overplusa1387 surplusagec1407 superplusage1436 superplusa1450 surcroitre1496 superfluous1552 excess1557 over-increase1579 over-sum1587 overflow1589 surcrease1600 surcroist1601 over-crease1625 exceeding1719 excedent1811 surcruec1825 overage1886 overspill1892 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > what remains in excess surplusc1374 overplusa1387 thrifta1387 surplusagec1407 surplusagec1407 superplusage1436 overdealc1440 overcome1445 superplusa1450 superfluities1483 upperplus1578 super1626 reserve1646 overs1864 overmatter1887 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 60 Þey gonnen trete Here prisoneres to chaungen most and leste, And for the surplus, yeue sommes grete. c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 5859 Oonly for to han victoire With-oute surplus of wynnyng. 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 The Wever..shall..restore to the same Clothier the surpluis of the same yerne. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 43 He hath faults (with surplus) to tyre in repetition. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) v. iii. 7 It is a surplus of your Grace, which neuer My life may last to answere. View more context for this quotation 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 30 In th' Holsters..Two aged Pistolls he did stow, Among the surplus of such meat As in his hose he could not get. 1736 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 585/1 In Case the future Produce of those Duties should amount to more than 800,000l. a Year, those Surplusses were by them..appropriated to the Civil List. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 236 In every prosperous community something more is produced than goes to the immediate support of the producer. This surplus forms the income of the landed capitalist. View more context for this quotation 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 400 Pour the surplus of this liquid immediately away. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 85 That where there was a direction to sell land for a particular purpose, the surplus did not form ‘part of the personal estate, so as to pass by the residuary bequest.’ 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. vi. i. 291 A brief, sheeted stream bore its surplus into the lake. 1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 95 The rent of better land will consist of the surplus of its produce over that of the poorest cultivated land. 1879 J. Lubbock Addresses, Polit. & Educ. vi. 125 We are slightly diminishing our Debt in two ways, by accidental surpluses and by terminable annuities. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 194 Fold the paper over the edge of frame and double down the surplus on the side. 1905 Act 5 Edward VII c. 17 §5 Any surpluses..which may be effected by the saving of expenditure upon votes within the same department. b. Politics. In some systems of election by transferable vote: the votes which are transferred from a candidate who has attained the quota necessary for election to one who has not. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > system of representation > quota or surplus quota1857 surplus1926 1926 C. G. Hoag & G. H. Hallett Proportional Representation 345 The particular ballots of a candidate to be transferred as his surplus shall be those which have received certain serial numbers. 1950 W. Theimer & P. Campbell Encycl. World Politics 353/1 In successive counts by the electoral officials the candidates with most preferences are elected and their surpluses over the minimum quota necessary for election transferred according to the voters' preferences until all the seats are filled. 1973 Irish Times 2 Mar. 1/1 This was also the first striking example of Fine Gael votes transferring to Labour: Mr. Kyne was elected on the surplus of Mr. Eddie Collins. †2. What remains to make up a whole; the remainder, the rest. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > the rest lave971 otherOE remanantc1350 remnanta1375 surplusc1400 remanent1414 reversionc1450 rest?1473 remain1483 allowance1521 reliquation1658 rump1708 balance1788 c1400 Rom. Rose 3675 Who therto may wynnen, ywisse, He of the surplus of the praye May lyfe in hoope to gette some daye. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes ii. (Bodl. 263) Touchyng the surplus off his gouernaunce..In Iosephus his story ye may reede. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) x. 272 There are com agayn but thre hundred, and the surplus is all slayn or taken. a1500 Ratis Raving 1812 And al the surplice of the schame Scho wyll bere bauldly with the blam. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. xxvii. sig. ii.iii To knowe the tokenes of deth to the ende that he may denounce as well vnto the pacyence as vnto his frendes that they puruayen of the surplus. 1518 H. Watson tr. Hystorye Olyuer of Castylle (Roxb.) C 3 b Yf that thou haue not compassyon vpon me the surplus of my dayes shal be in anguyssh. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xlix. 468 Whatsoeuer punishments the wicked suffer before they die, they..must descend into the appointed place to receiue the surplus of their paiments which is due vnto them. 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. ii. 166 I left for the luserne, nine beds,..and destined the surplus to be sowed with wheat. B. adj. 1. That is in excess of what is taken, used, or needed. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [adjective] > excessive or superfluous > that is surplus overplus1640 surplus1641 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [adjective] > remaining in excess remanent1443 over1494 subsecive1613 overplus1640 surplus1641 leftover1864 1641 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 16 June 20 798 What is fitt to bee done w^th the surplus money. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 203 They now exchange their surplus peltry, for blankets, fire-arms, and brandy. View more context for this quotation 1795 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Essex 181 To relieve the wet heavy woodlands of their surplus water. 1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 66 The annual value of the surplus produce of the land, and labour of England, which was then exported to foreign countries, amounted only to 4,086,087 l. 1879 H. George Progress & Poverty (1881) ii. i. 88 The natural law gets rid of surplus population. 1893 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 109 Until all the surplus gelatine is expelled. 2. surplus value n. (Economics, esp. in Marxism), that part of the value of the results of human labour which accrues beyond the amount needed to reproduce the initial labour power. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > specific theories or doctrines > value theory > amounts or parts of value added value1814 surplus value1816 production value1894 value-added1932 1816 S. T. Coleridge in D. P. Calleo Coleridge & Idea of Modern State (1966) i. 12 The nearest approach to the realization of such a state is a colony, composed of 100 wealthy Planters, and a 100,000 Slaves, the surplus value of whose labor above the price of the scanty food and cloathing centers in the 100. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 211/1 The fundamental principle of the Marx school..is the theory of ‘surplus value,’—the doctrine..that, after the labourer has been paid the wage necessary for the subsistence of himself and family, the surplus produce of his labour is appropriated by the capitalist who exploits it. 1904 W. T. Mills Struggle for Existence xxv. 325 Labor produces more than the cost of its own reproduction. This product of labor in excess of the labor cost of producing labor is the ‘surplus value’ of Karl Marx. 1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come i. §4.51 The entrepreneur, the capitalist, became the villain of his [sc. Marx's] piece, using the prior advantage of his capital to appropriate the ‘surplus value’ of production. 1944 G. B. Shaw Everybody's Polit. What's What? i. 1 He [sc. Marx] proved up to the hilt that capital in its pursuit of what he called Mehrwerth, which we translate as Surplus Value (it includes rent, interest, and commercial profit), is ruthless. 1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iv. 89 How can you be against a corporation that wants a worker to waive his patent rights. That sounds like the surplus value theory to me, fella, and you sound like a Marxist. 1975 Chinese Econ. Stud. 8 iv. 60 Capitalist production is commodity production aimed at reaping surplus value. 3. Of a shop: that sells goods which are surplus to (chiefly, military) requirements. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [adjective] > relating to shop > selling specific goods fish-and-chip1876 jug and bottle1894 surplus1951 bucket-shop1973 nearly-new1976 1951 R. Senhouse tr. Colette Last of Chéri 208 Jean de Touzac—is in the surplus store racket. What a set! 1970 A. Fowles Dupe Negative xi. 140 I found a surplus store and bought a duffel bag. 1978 S. Wilson Dealer's Move iii. 40 I..drove down to a surplus shop in Hampstead Road, and bought a down-filled sleeping-bag. Derivatives surplus v. transitive (U.S. Military colloquial), to dispose of (property which is surplus to requirements); also with out. Chiefly in passive. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale > specific extra or surplus articles surplus1963 the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > do without or get rid of > as surplus surplus1963 1963 D. Broun Egypt's Choice (1964) i. 12 The helicopter..used to belong to the United States Marine Corps. It was surplussed out a year ago. 1968 R. West Sketches from Vietnam i. 18 Many were ‘surplused’ during the following month. Draft additions September 2013 surplus to requirement(s): more than is required or necessary; superfluous; no longer wanted or needed. ΚΠ 1886 Times of India 1 Nov. 2/4 (advt.) Verbal offers will be received..for the purchase of 300 yards superior woollen cloth.., surplus to requirements. 1939 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 38 255 The management should be able to buy and hold tin which has become surplus to requirements owing to production being in excess of current demand. 1963 Times 17 Oct. 5/5 Today their strategic potential has been deemed surplus to requirement and attempts will be made to sell them [sc. sea forts] off individually. 1997 G. Williams Diamond Geezers v. 39 Basically it means sacking people..people being told they ain't needed no longer, that they're surplus to requirements. 2012 Sowetan (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 5 Sept. The attacking midfielder..has been told he is surplus to requirements after a change of coach. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1374
随便看	nonactor nonactors nonactual nonadamical nonadaptive nonadaptively nonadaptiveness nonaddict nonaddictive nonaddicts nonadditive nonadditivities nonadditivity nonaddress nonaddresser nonaddressing nonadherence nonadherent nonadjacent nonadmissible nonadmissibleness nonadmission nonadmissions nonadult nonadults