| 单词 | surface structure |
| 释义 | > as lemmassurface structure surface structure n. Linguistics the immediately observable syntactic elements forming an utterance or sentence (closely reflected by its phonetic realization), as contrasted with the logical form underlying such elements; (also) a representation of a sentence or utterance arranged with labels and brackets to show the relationship of these constituent parts; frequently opposed to deep structure (deep structure n. at deep adj. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > [noun] > deep or surface structure surface structure1964 deep structure1965 1964 N. Chomsky Current Issues in Ling. Theory i. 10 Thus the syntactic component must provide for each sentence (actually, for each interpretation of each sentence) a semantically interpretable deep structure and phonetically interpretable surface structure, and, in the event that these are distinct, a statement of the relation between these structures. 1971 Archivum Linguisticum 2 131 I shall use the traditional term Article to refer to the, a, this, etc. when I am characterizing them as surface-structure elements. 1977 E. von Glaserfeld in D. M. Rumbaugh Lang. Learning by Chimpanzee v. 103 In this context it must be said that Chomsky's introduction of the terms ‘surface structure’ and ‘deep structure’..seemed a step in the right direction. 1988 Language 64 362 Much of Chomsky 1973 is devoted to working out assumptions that will allow him to maintain a surface structure [John believes [s Bill to be insane]]. 2006 Linguistics & Philos. 29 382 The distinguishing feature of such variables is that they do not correspond to any syntactic argument in the surface structure. < as lemmas |
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