surdadj.n.

Brit.

/səːd/, U.S.

/sərd/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s surde.

Etymology: < Latin surdus (in active sense) deaf, (in passive sense) silent, mute, dumb, (of sound, etc.) dull, indistinct. The mathematical sense ‘irrational’ arises from Latin surdus being used to render Greek ἄλογος (Euclid bk. x. Def.), apparently through the medium of Arabic açamm deaf, as in jaðr açamm surd root.

A. adj.

1. Mathematics. Of a number or quantity (esp. a root): That cannot be expressed in finite terms of ordinary numbers or quantities: = irrational adj. 3 (Cf. incommensurable adj. 1) (See also quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective]

sloweOE

stuntc960

dullOE

hardOE

stuntlyc1000

sotc1050

dillc1175

dulta1225

simplea1325

heavy1340

astonedc1374

sheepishc1380

dull-witteda1387

lourd1390

steerishc1411

ass-likea1425

brainless?a1439

deafc1440

sluggishc1450

short-witted1477

obtuse1509

peakish1519

wearish1519

deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520

doileda1522

gross1526

headlessa1530

stulty1532

ass-headed1533

pot-headed1533

stupid?1541

sheep's head1542

doltish1543

dumpish1545

assish1548

blockish1548

slow-witted1548

blockheaded1549

surd1551

dull-headed1552

hammer-headed1552

skit-brained?1553

buzzardly1561

witless1562

log-headeda1566

assy1566

sottish1566

dastardly1567

stupidious1567

beetle-headed1570

calvish1570

bluntish1578

cod's-headed1578

grout-headed1578

bedaft1579

dull-pated1580

blate1581

buzzard-like1581

long-eared1582

dullard1583

woodena1586

duncical1588

leaden-headed1589

buzzard1592

dorbellical1592

dunstical1592

heavy-headeda1593

shallow-brained1592

blunt-witted1594

mossy1597

Bœotian1598

clay-brained1598

fat1598

fat-witted1598

knotty-pated1598

stupidous1598

wit-lost1599

barren1600

duncifiedc1600

lourdish1600

stockish1600

thick1600

booby1603

leaden-pated1603

partless1603

thin-headed1603

leaden-skulledc1604

blockhead1606

frost-brained1606

ram-headed1608

beef-witted1609

insulse1609

leaden-spirited1609

asininec1610

clumse1611

blockheadly1612

wattle-headed1613

flata1616

logger-headeda1616

puppy-headeda1616

shallow-patedc1616

thick-brained1619

half-headed1621

buzzard-blinda1625

beef-brained1628

toom-headed1629

thick-witted1634

woollen-witted1635

squirrel-headed1637

clod-pated1639

lean-souled1639

muddy-headed1642

leaden-witteda1645

as sad as any mallet1645

under-headed1646

fat-headed1647

half-witted1647

insipid1651

insulsate1652

soft-headed1653

thick-skulleda1657

muddish1658

non-intelligent1659

whey-brained1660

sap-headed1665

timber-headed1666

leather-headeda1668

out of (one's) tree1669

boobily1673

thoughtless1673

lourdly1674

logger1675

unintelligenta1676

Bœotic1678

chicken-brained1678

under-witted1683

loggerhead1684

dunderheaded1692

unintelligible1694

buffle-headed1697

crassicc1700

numbskulled1707

crassous1708

doddy-polled1708

haggis-headed1715

niddy-noddy1722

muzzy1723

pudding-headed1726

sumphish1728

pitcher-souleda1739

duncey1743

hebete1743

chuckheaded1756

dumb1756

duncely1757

imbecile1766

mutton-headed1768

chuckle-headed1770

jobbernowl1770

dowfarta1774

boobyish1778

wittol1780

staumrel1787

opaquec1789

stoopid1791

mud-headed1793

borné1795

muzzy-headed1798

nog-headed1800

thick-headed1801

gypit1804

duncish1805

lightweight1809

numbskull1814

tup-headed1816

chuckle-pate1820

unintellectuala1821

dense1822

ninnyish1822

dunch1825

fozy1825

potato-headed1826

beef-headed1828

donkeyish1831

blockheadish1833

pinheaded1837

squirrel-minded1837

pumpkin-headed1838

tomfoolish1838

dundering1840

chicken-headed1842

like a bump on a log1842

ninny-minded1849

numbheadeda1852

nincompoopish1852

suet-brained1852

dolly1853

mullet-headed1853

sodden1853

fiddle-headed1854

numb1854

bovine1855

logy1859

crass1861

unsmart1861

off his chump1864

wooden-headed1865

stupe1866

lean-minded1867

duffing1869

cretinous1871

doddering1871

thick-head1873

doddling1874

stupido1879

boneheaded1883

woolly-headed1883

leaden-natured1889

suet-headed1890

sam-sodden1891

dopey1896

turnip-headed1898

bonehead1903

wool-witted1905

peanut-headed1906

peanut-brained1907

dilly1909

torpid-minded1909

retardate1912

nitwitted1917

meat-headed1918

mug1922

cloth-headed1925

loopy1925

nitwit1928

lame-brained1929

dead from the neck up1930

simpy1932

nail-headed1936

square-headed1936

dingbats1937

pinhead1939

dim-witted1940

pea-brained1942

clueless1943

lobotomized1943

retarded1949

pointy-headed1950

clottish1952

like a stunned mullet1953

silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954

out to lunch1955

pin-brained1958

dozy1959

eejity1964

out of one's tiny mind1965

doofus1967

twitty1967

twittish1969

twatty1975

twattish1976

blur1977

dof1979

goofus1981

dickheaded1991

dickish1991

numpty1992

cockish1996

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > prime > irrational

irrational1551

surd1551

radical1557

irradicala1690

ineffable1702

Ludolphian1886

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. ii. Pref. Quantitees partly rationall, and partly surde.

1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria vi. sig. X ij Tetraedrons side being rationall, the Axis is surde, and it beareth proportion to the side as 1. to √ z24.

1623 L. Andrewes 96 Serm. (1629) xvi. 156 Such surd numbers, such fractions we shall meet with, we shall not tell how or when to gett through.

1660 W. Leybourn tr. J. de Billy in Arithmetick, Vulgar, Decimal, & Instrumental (new ed.) iv. iv. 339 There are many sorts of surd roots, some are simple..others are compound.

1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 80 The cube root of 8 is rational, being equal to 2; but the cube root of 9 is surd or irrational.

1861 T. Lund J. Wood's Elem. Alg. 97 An equation may be cleared of a surd by transposing the terms so that the surd shall form one side, and the rational quantities the other, and then raising both sides to that power which will rationalize the surd.

1908 G. H. Hardy Course Pure Math. i. 7 If a is a rational number, the two numbers ± √ a are either rational or irrational, and..generally the latter. Numbers of this kind, when irrational, are called pure quadratic surds. A number a ± √ b..is sometimes called a mixed quadratic surd.

1959 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. (ed. 2) 379/2 Surd, a sum of one or more irrational indicated roots of numbers. Sometimes used for irrational number.

1962 H. Cohn Second Course in Number Theory iii. 40 If a, b, c are integers..we define the conjugate surds λ = (a + b √ D)/c, λ′ = (a − b √ D)/c.

†2. Deaf. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of ear > disordered hearing > [adjective] > deaf

deafc825

hearingless1398

deathc1475

as deaf as a door, doorpost, doornail1546

dunch1569

surda1682

nut-deaf1828

stock-deaf1865

soundless1890

stone-eared1895

non-hearing1958

Mutt and Jeff1960

mutt1973

mutton1983

a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 83 He..may..apprehend how all Words fall to the Ground, spent upon such a surd and Earless Generation of Men.

1819 H. Busk Vestriad i. 763 Whistlings, whizzes, strike thy senses surd.

3. figurative.

†a. Not endowed with sense or perception; insensate, unintelligent. Obsolete.In quot. 1668, deficient in perception, dull: cf. A. 3c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > [adjective]

unwittyc1000

heartlessa1382

meana1387

conceitless?c1425

insensuat1508

insensate1528

insensible?1531

miskenning1533

unsensible1560

witless1562

unfraught1587

unconceiving1593

stupid1595

small-knowing1598

surd1601

ununderstanding1611

unapprehensible1613

unperceiving?1623

unapprehensive1624

inapprehending1652

incomprehensive1652

inapprehensive1653

impenetrative1684

blind1692

uncomprehensive1694

unpenetrating1701

unmeaning1704

vacant1712

gilly-gaupus1754

unacute1775

unapprehending1794

unpenetrative1795

unwitted1828

uncomprehending1838

irrecognizant1845

vacuous1848

incomprehending1881

mush-headed1884

wantwit1894

doofus1967

acerebral1968

brain-dead1972

goofus1981

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxvii. xiii. 292 Those medicinable vertues..bestowed vpon those surd and senslesse hearbs.

1668 H. More Divine Dialogues (1713) ii. xxvi. 174 My palate is something more surd and jacent.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 44 Neither Chance nor surd or inanimate Nature could be the Efficient of such a Being.

b. Irrational, senseless, stupid. (In later use only as a direct figure from A. 1.)

ΚΠ

1610 A. Cooke Pope Ioane 60 Rupertus,..commonly called Grosthead. A great Philosopher..though it pleased your Pope Innocentius the fourth, to call him old foole, surd, and absurd companion.

1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Vnbeliefe v. xlvii. §6 Their irrational and surd conceits of scripture's sense.

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. E6^v And foul blasphemous belch from their surd mouth resounds.

1863 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) II. xvii. 295 The surd and irrational complexion of that party is due to the circumstance that all its best minds went from it.1891 H. Jones Browning as Teacher 24 The problems have a surd or irrational element in them.

†c. Not clearly or keenly perceived, dull; stingless. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > [adjective] > stinging or not stinging

stinging1525

surd1598

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 48/2 The dolour not so pungent and sharp, but somwhat more surde and benumde.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 202/2 Take..oyle of Hempeseede and surde nettles.

†d. Conveying no sense, meaningless. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > [adjective]

emptya1225

sleevelessc1450

dumb1531

insensible1538

senseless1579

weetless1579

unsignificant1603

surd1605

matterless1612

unmeaning1632

non-significative1633

brute1642

shelly1648

insignificant1651

insignificative1660

unsignificative1664

unsignifying1665

unsensed1667

meaningless1728

bilka1734

meanless1734

inexpressive1744

unideal1751

unexpressive1755

idealess1793

unsuggestive1797

tenorless1821

themeless1840

nonsensible1851

inarticulate1855

purportless1865

expressionless1871

vacuous1872

contentless1886

unmeaningful1897

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Fff1 The ceremonies of Idolatrie and Magicke, that are full of Non-significants and Surde Characters.

4. Phonetics. Uttered without vibration of the vocal cords; voiceless, ‘breathed’: opposed to sonant adj. and n. (Cf. French sourd.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > voiced or voiceless sound gen > [adjective] > voiceless

sharp?1533

surd1767

breathed1835

voiceless1842

unvoiced1886

unvoiced1894

1767 Ess. in Ann. Reg. 194/1 Mute, surd, and nasal syllables.

1773 W. Kenrick Rhetorical Gram. Eng. Lang. 27 in New Dict. Eng. Lang. All our modes of articulation, whether surd or vocal.

1863 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. (1868) 2nd Ser. vii. 297 No longer mere interjections..uncertain between surd, sonant, or aspirated enunciation.

1887 A. S. Cook tr. E. Sievers Old Eng. Gram. (ed. 2) 99 P is a surd labial stop.

5. Arabic Grammar (tr. Arabic açamm lit. deaf). Applied to verbs in which the second and third letters of the root are the same.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > with certain consonants in root

surd1776

weak1874

1776 J. Richardson Gram. Arabick Lang. iii. v. 97 The Surd verb, so called because the last radical is not heard, coalescing with the second by Teshdid.

1777 J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic & Eng. I. 138 el' asammu The surd or teshdid conjugation of Arabick verbs.

1823 W. Price Gram. 3 Oriental Langs. 112 Conjugation of the Surd Verb, della, he ogled.

B. n.

1. Mathematics. A surd or irrational number or quantity, esp. root: see A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > root

root?c1425

surd1557

radix?a1560

side1570

radical1714

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > irrational

surd1557

irrationality1570

irrationala1690

heterogeneous1728

transcendence1902

1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Ll iii Those nombers are not Surde nombers properly, but sette like Surdes. As the Square roote of .4.

1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria vii. sig. X ij ^v The Hexaedrons comprehending Spheres Dimetiente beeing rationall, his Axis is a surde.

a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 294 Surdes are Simple or Compound, Integral or Fracted.

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 83 Any Power of the Quantity under the Vinculum (in any Binomial or Trinomial Surd).

1869 ‘L. Carroll’ Phantasmagoria 110 Yet what are all such gaieties to me Whose thoughts are full of indices and surds?

attributive.1869 J. Hamblin Smith Elem. Algebra 164 Surds of the same order are those for which the root-symbol or surd-index is the same.figurative.1856 J. F. Ferrier Inst. Metaphysic (ed. 2) iv. 143 It becomes the absolutely incogitable—a surd.1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xv. 551 The old difficulty..that reappears always as the inexplicable surd of his philosophy.

2. Phonetics. A speech-sound uttered without ‘voice’; a ‘breath’ consonant: see A. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > stop > voiceless

tenuis1650

lene1751

surd1789

1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II 60 Weighs with nice ear the vowel, liquid, surd, And breaks in syllables the volant word.

1842 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 7 The tenues (otherwise surds, or whisper-letters).

1871 B. H. Kennedy Public School Lat. Gram. 7 The use of C as a surd made K superfluous.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	surd
释义	surdadj.n. Brit. /səːd/, U.S. /sərd/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s surde. Etymology: < Latin surdus (in active sense) deaf, (in passive sense) silent, mute, dumb, (of sound, etc.) dull, indistinct. The mathematical sense ‘irrational’ arises from Latin surdus being used to render Greek ἄλογος (Euclid bk. x. Def.), apparently through the medium of Arabic açamm deaf, as in jaðr açamm surd root. A. adj. 1. Mathematics. Of a number or quantity (esp. a root): That cannot be expressed in finite terms of ordinary numbers or quantities: = irrational adj. 3 (Cf. incommensurable adj. 1) (See also quots.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective] sloweOE stuntc960 dullOE hardOE stuntlyc1000 sotc1050 dillc1175 dulta1225 simplea1325 heavy1340 astonedc1374 sheepishc1380 dull-witteda1387 lourd1390 steerishc1411 ass-likea1425 brainless?a1439 deafc1440 sluggishc1450 short-witted1477 obtuse1509 peakish1519 wearish1519 deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520 doileda1522 gross1526 headlessa1530 stulty1532 ass-headed1533 pot-headed1533 stupid?1541 sheep's head1542 doltish1543 dumpish1545 assish1548 blockish1548 slow-witted1548 blockheaded1549 surd1551 dull-headed1552 hammer-headed1552 skit-brained?1553 buzzardly1561 witless1562 log-headeda1566 assy1566 sottish1566 dastardly1567 stupidious1567 beetle-headed1570 calvish1570 bluntish1578 cod's-headed1578 grout-headed1578 bedaft1579 dull-pated1580 blate1581 buzzard-like1581 long-eared1582 dullard1583 woodena1586 duncical1588 leaden-headed1589 buzzard1592 dorbellical1592 dunstical1592 heavy-headeda1593 shallow-brained1592 blunt-witted1594 mossy1597 Bœotian1598 clay-brained1598 fat1598 fat-witted1598 knotty-pated1598 stupidous1598 wit-lost1599 barren1600 duncifiedc1600 lourdish1600 stockish1600 thick1600 booby1603 leaden-pated1603 partless1603 thin-headed1603 leaden-skulledc1604 blockhead1606 frost-brained1606 ram-headed1608 beef-witted1609 insulse1609 leaden-spirited1609 asininec1610 clumse1611 blockheadly1612 wattle-headed1613 flata1616 logger-headeda1616 puppy-headeda1616 shallow-patedc1616 thick-brained1619 half-headed1621 buzzard-blinda1625 beef-brained1628 toom-headed1629 thick-witted1634 woollen-witted1635 squirrel-headed1637 clod-pated1639 lean-souled1639 muddy-headed1642 leaden-witteda1645 as sad as any mallet1645 under-headed1646 fat-headed1647 half-witted1647 insipid1651 insulsate1652 soft-headed1653 thick-skulleda1657 muddish1658 non-intelligent1659 whey-brained1660 sap-headed1665 timber-headed1666 leather-headeda1668 out of (one's) tree1669 boobily1673 thoughtless1673 lourdly1674 logger1675 unintelligenta1676 Bœotic1678 chicken-brained1678 under-witted1683 loggerhead1684 dunderheaded1692 unintelligible1694 buffle-headed1697 crassicc1700 numbskulled1707 crassous1708 doddy-polled1708 haggis-headed1715 niddy-noddy1722 muzzy1723 pudding-headed1726 sumphish1728 pitcher-souleda1739 duncey1743 hebete1743 chuckheaded1756 dumb1756 duncely1757 imbecile1766 mutton-headed1768 chuckle-headed1770 jobbernowl1770 dowfarta1774 boobyish1778 wittol1780 staumrel1787 opaquec1789 stoopid1791 mud-headed1793 borné1795 muzzy-headed1798 nog-headed1800 thick-headed1801 gypit1804 duncish1805 lightweight1809 numbskull1814 tup-headed1816 chuckle-pate1820 unintellectuala1821 dense1822 ninnyish1822 dunch1825 fozy1825 potato-headed1826 beef-headed1828 donkeyish1831 blockheadish1833 pinheaded1837 squirrel-minded1837 pumpkin-headed1838 tomfoolish1838 dundering1840 chicken-headed1842 like a bump on a log1842 ninny-minded1849 numbheadeda1852 nincompoopish1852 suet-brained1852 dolly1853 mullet-headed1853 sodden1853 fiddle-headed1854 numb1854 bovine1855 logy1859 crass1861 unsmart1861 off his chump1864 wooden-headed1865 stupe1866 lean-minded1867 duffing1869 cretinous1871 doddering1871 thick-head1873 doddling1874 stupido1879 boneheaded1883 woolly-headed1883 leaden-natured1889 suet-headed1890 sam-sodden1891 dopey1896 turnip-headed1898 bonehead1903 wool-witted1905 peanut-headed1906 peanut-brained1907 dilly1909 torpid-minded1909 retardate1912 nitwitted1917 meat-headed1918 mug1922 cloth-headed1925 loopy1925 nitwit1928 lame-brained1929 dead from the neck up1930 simpy1932 nail-headed1936 square-headed1936 dingbats1937 pinhead1939 dim-witted1940 pea-brained1942 clueless1943 lobotomized1943 retarded1949 pointy-headed1950 clottish1952 like a stunned mullet1953 silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954 out to lunch1955 pin-brained1958 dozy1959 eejity1964 out of one's tiny mind1965 doofus1967 twitty1967 twittish1969 twatty1975 twattish1976 blur1977 dof1979 goofus1981 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 numpty1992 cockish1996 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > prime > irrational irrational1551 surd1551 radical1557 irradicala1690 ineffable1702 Ludolphian1886 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. ii. Pref. Quantitees partly rationall, and partly surde. 1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria vi. sig. X ij Tetraedrons side being rationall, the Axis is surde, and it beareth proportion to the side as 1. to √ z24. 1623 L. Andrewes 96 Serm. (1629) xvi. 156 Such surd numbers, such fractions we shall meet with, we shall not tell how or when to gett through. 1660 W. Leybourn tr. J. de Billy in Arithmetick, Vulgar, Decimal, & Instrumental (new ed.) iv. iv. 339 There are many sorts of surd roots, some are simple..others are compound. 1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 80 The cube root of 8 is rational, being equal to 2; but the cube root of 9 is surd or irrational. 1861 T. Lund J. Wood's Elem. Alg. 97 An equation may be cleared of a surd by transposing the terms so that the surd shall form one side, and the rational quantities the other, and then raising both sides to that power which will rationalize the surd. 1908 G. H. Hardy Course Pure Math. i. 7 If a is a rational number, the two numbers ± √ a are either rational or irrational, and..generally the latter. Numbers of this kind, when irrational, are called pure quadratic surds. A number a ± √ b..is sometimes called a mixed quadratic surd. 1959 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. (ed. 2) 379/2 Surd, a sum of one or more irrational indicated roots of numbers. Sometimes used for irrational number. 1962 H. Cohn Second Course in Number Theory iii. 40 If a, b, c are integers..we define the conjugate surds λ = (a + b √ D)/c, λ′ = (a − b √ D)/c. †2. Deaf. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of ear > disordered hearing > [adjective] > deaf deafc825 hearingless1398 deathc1475 as deaf as a door, doorpost, doornail1546 dunch1569 surda1682 nut-deaf1828 stock-deaf1865 soundless1890 stone-eared1895 non-hearing1958 Mutt and Jeff1960 mutt1973 mutton1983 a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 83 He..may..apprehend how all Words fall to the Ground, spent upon such a surd and Earless Generation of Men. 1819 H. Busk Vestriad i. 763 Whistlings, whizzes, strike thy senses surd. 3. figurative. †a. Not endowed with sense or perception; insensate, unintelligent. Obsolete.In quot. 1668, deficient in perception, dull: cf. A. 3c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > [adjective] unwittyc1000 heartlessa1382 meana1387 conceitless?c1425 insensuat1508 insensate1528 insensible?1531 miskenning1533 unsensible1560 witless1562 unfraught1587 unconceiving1593 stupid1595 small-knowing1598 surd1601 ununderstanding1611 unapprehensible1613 unperceiving?1623 unapprehensive1624 inapprehending1652 incomprehensive1652 inapprehensive1653 impenetrative1684 blind1692 uncomprehensive1694 unpenetrating1701 unmeaning1704 vacant1712 gilly-gaupus1754 unacute1775 unapprehending1794 unpenetrative1795 unwitted1828 uncomprehending1838 irrecognizant1845 vacuous1848 incomprehending1881 mush-headed1884 wantwit1894 doofus1967 acerebral1968 brain-dead1972 goofus1981 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxvii. xiii. 292 Those medicinable vertues..bestowed vpon those surd and senslesse hearbs. 1668 H. More Divine Dialogues (1713) ii. xxvi. 174 My palate is something more surd and jacent. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. ii. 44 Neither Chance nor surd or inanimate Nature could be the Efficient of such a Being. b. Irrational, senseless, stupid. (In later use only as a direct figure from A. 1.) ΚΠ 1610 A. Cooke Pope Ioane 60 Rupertus,..commonly called Grosthead. A great Philosopher..though it pleased your Pope Innocentius the fourth, to call him old foole, surd, and absurd companion. 1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Vnbeliefe v. xlvii. §6 Their irrational and surd conceits of scripture's sense. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. E6^v And foul blasphemous belch from their surd mouth resounds. 1863 M. Pattison Ess. (1889) II. xvii. 295 The surd and irrational complexion of that party is due to the circumstance that all its best minds went from it.1891 H. Jones Browning as Teacher 24 The problems have a surd or irrational element in them. †c. Not clearly or keenly perceived, dull; stingless. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > [adjective] > stinging or not stinging stinging1525 surd1598 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 48/2 The dolour not so pungent and sharp, but somwhat more surde and benumde. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 202/2 Take..oyle of Hempeseede and surde nettles. †d. Conveying no sense, meaningless. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > [adjective] emptya1225 sleevelessc1450 dumb1531 insensible1538 senseless1579 weetless1579 unsignificant1603 surd1605 matterless1612 unmeaning1632 non-significative1633 brute1642 shelly1648 insignificant1651 insignificative1660 unsignificative1664 unsignifying1665 unsensed1667 meaningless1728 bilka1734 meanless1734 inexpressive1744 unideal1751 unexpressive1755 idealess1793 unsuggestive1797 tenorless1821 themeless1840 nonsensible1851 inarticulate1855 purportless1865 expressionless1871 vacuous1872 contentless1886 unmeaningful1897 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Fff1 The ceremonies of Idolatrie and Magicke, that are full of Non-significants and Surde Characters. View more context for this quotation 4. Phonetics. Uttered without vibration of the vocal cords; voiceless, ‘breathed’: opposed to sonant adj. and n. (Cf. French sourd.) ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > voiced or voiceless sound gen > [adjective] > voiceless sharp?1533 surd1767 breathed1835 voiceless1842 unvoiced1886 unvoiced1894 1767 Ess. in Ann. Reg. 194/1 Mute, surd, and nasal syllables. 1773 W. Kenrick Rhetorical Gram. Eng. Lang. 27 in New Dict. Eng. Lang. All our modes of articulation, whether surd or vocal. 1863 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. (1868) 2nd Ser. vii. 297 No longer mere interjections..uncertain between surd, sonant, or aspirated enunciation. 1887 A. S. Cook tr. E. Sievers Old Eng. Gram. (ed. 2) 99 P is a surd labial stop. 5. Arabic Grammar (tr. Arabic açamm lit. deaf). Applied to verbs in which the second and third letters of the root are the same. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > with certain consonants in root surd1776 weak1874 1776 J. Richardson Gram. Arabick Lang. iii. v. 97 The Surd verb, so called because the last radical is not heard, coalescing with the second by Teshdid. 1777 J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic & Eng. I. 138 el' asammu The surd or teshdid conjugation of Arabick verbs. 1823 W. Price Gram. 3 Oriental Langs. 112 Conjugation of the Surd Verb, della, he ogled. B. n. 1. Mathematics. A surd or irrational number or quantity, esp. root: see A. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > root root?c1425 surd1557 radix?a1560 side1570 radical1714 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > irrational surd1557 irrationality1570 irrationala1690 heterogeneous1728 transcendence1902 1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Ll iii Those nombers are not Surde nombers properly, but sette like Surdes. As the Square roote of .4. 1571 T. Digges in L. Digges's Geom. Pract.: Pantometria vii. sig. X ij ^v The Hexaedrons comprehending Spheres Dimetiente beeing rationall, his Axis is a surde. a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 294 Surdes are Simple or Compound, Integral or Fracted. 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 83 Any Power of the Quantity under the Vinculum (in any Binomial or Trinomial Surd). 1869 ‘L. Carroll’ Phantasmagoria 110 Yet what are all such gaieties to me Whose thoughts are full of indices and surds? attributive.1869 J. Hamblin Smith Elem. Algebra 164 Surds of the same order are those for which the root-symbol or surd-index is the same.figurative.1856 J. F. Ferrier Inst. Metaphysic (ed. 2) iv. 143 It becomes the absolutely incogitable—a surd.1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xv. 551 The old difficulty..that reappears always as the inexplicable surd of his philosophy. 2. Phonetics. A speech-sound uttered without ‘voice’; a ‘breath’ consonant: see A. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > stop > voiceless tenuis1650 lene1751 surd1789 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II 60 Weighs with nice ear the vowel, liquid, surd, And breaks in syllables the volant word. 1842 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 7 The tenues (otherwise surds, or whisper-letters). 1871 B. H. Kennedy Public School Lat. Gram. 7 The use of C as a surd made K superfluous. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † surdv.¹ Etymology: Representing Old English seordan : see sard v. Obsolete. transitive. To defile. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)] afileeOE besmiteeOE shenda950 befilec1000 bisulienc1200 defoulc1320 file1340 foilc1380 smota1387 lime1390 solwea1400 surda1400 infectc1425 filtha1450 poison?a1513 defile1530 polluve1533 inquinate1542 pollute1548 contaminate1563 bumfiddlec1595 impure1598 conspurcate1600 defoil1601 sullya1616 vilify1615 deturpate1623 impiate1623 defedate1628 dreg1628 contemerate1650 spot1741 empoison1775 a1400 Leg. Rood* (1871) 143 I sauh my child ben surded and soyled. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2021). surdv.² Etymology: < Latin surdus: see surd adj. transitive. To deaden or dull the sound of, as by a ‘sordine’ or mute. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > play stringed instrument [verb (transitive)] > damp or mute surd1625 damp1840 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing wind instrument > play wind instrument [verb (transitive)] > sound trumpet > mute trumpet surd1625 1625 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Noe in tr. Part of Du Bartas Ded. ⁋⁋j b To surd it, as young trompeters are wont. Derivatives ˈsurding n. (used attributively) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > [noun] > muting surding1885 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 70/2 A surding or muting effect produced by impeding the vibration of the strings [of a pianoforte] by contact of small pieces of buff leather. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < adj.n.1551v.¹a1400v.²1625
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surdadj.n.

† surdv.1

surdv.2

Derivatives

† surdv.¹

surdv.²