† sunyien.

Forms: Middle English soigne, Middle English sone, Middle English sonen (transmission error), Middle English soygne, Middle English soyne, Middle English soyny; Scottish pre-1700 soigne, pre-1700 sonȝe, pre-1700 sonȝhe, pre-1700 sonȝie, pre-1700 sonzie, pre-1700 sounȝie, pre-1700 sunȝe, pre-1700 sunȝie, pre-1700 sunȝie, pre-1700 sunye, pre-1700 swnȝe, pre-1700 1700s–1900s sunzie, 1800s–1900s sunyie.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (iii) perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French soigne ; essoin n.; assoin n.; sunyie v.

Etymology: Either (i) < Middle French (chiefly north-eastern) soigne, soine, sonne, songne (in law) excuse of absence (12th cent. in Old French: see note), or perhaps (ii) aphetic < either essoin n. or assoin n., or (iii) perhaps < sunyie v.Middle French soigne , etc. (in this sense) probably shows a specific semantic development of Anglo-Norman soign and Old French, Middle French soigne care (apparently < an unattested Old Dutch reflex of the same Germanic base as Gothic sunja truth, sunjis true: see sooth adj.), which has a similar, though slightly wider geographical distribution; alternatively it may be aphetic < the more widespread essoigne essoin n.

Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.

1. An excuse, a self-justification; a plea.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > [noun]

assoin1297

excusationc1380

pleaa1382

excusement1393

sunyiea1400

chose15..

excusec1500

allegation?1510

scuse1523

subterfuge1581

apology1598

alibi1857

out1919

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16395 Quen he [sc. Pilate] sagh þat al his soigne þai tok it al to ill.

1438 tr. Bk. Alexander Great (1831) 24 Quhan he sawe that na man wald ga, In the message bot sonȝe ma.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 1995 in Poems (1981) 77 All thy sonȝeis sall not auaill the.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 128 My coumpt, I sall it mak ȝow cleir, But ony circumstance or sonȝie.

a1585 P. Hume Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) ix. 70 in Poems A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 174 Þow will hing but a sunȝie.

a1687 R. McWard Επαγωνισμοι (1723) 93 But I know, your last Sonzie and Shift will be, that they admitted..Non-indulged, to preach in their Pulpits.

1898 E. W. Hamilton Mawkin of Flow xviii. 253 Are you content with that, or have ye any mair sunyies to make?

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. (2014) (at cited word) Ye mak aye sae mony sunyies.

2. Hesitation; delay.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]

longingeOE

bideOE

abodec1225

bodea1300

demura1300

dwella1300

litinga1300

delayc1300

delayingc1300

demurrancec1300

but honec1325

without ensoignec1325

abidec1330

dretchingc1330

dwellingc1330

essoinc1330

tarrying1340

litea1350

delaymenta1393

respitea1393

oversettinga1398

delayancea1400

delitea1400

lingeringa1400

stounding?a1400

sunyiea1400

targea1400

train?a1400

deferring14..

dilation14..

dayc1405

prolongingc1425

spacec1430

adjourningc1436

retardationc1437

prolongation?a1439

training1440

adjournment1445

sleuthingc1450

tarry1451

tarriance1460

prorogation1476

oversetc1485

tarriage1488

debaid1489

supersedement1492

superseding1494

off-putting1496

postponing1496

tract1503

dilating1509

sparinga1513

hafting1519

sufferance1523

tracking1524

sticking1525

stay1530

pause1532

protraction1535

tracting1535

protract of time1536

protracting1540

postposition1546

staying1546

procrastination1548

difference1559

surceasing1560

tardation1568

detract1570

detracting1572

tarryment1575

rejourning1578

detraction1579

longness1579

rejournment1579

holding1581

reprieving1583

cunctation1585

retarding1585

retardance1586

temporizing1587

by and by1591

suspensea1592

procrastinatinga1594

tardance1595

linger1597

forslacking1600

morrowing1602

recess1603

deferment1612

attendance1614

put-off1623

adjournal1627

fristing1637

hanging-up1638

retardment1640

dilatoriness1642

suspension1645

stickagea1647

tardidation1647

transtemporation1651

demurragea1656

prolatation1656

prolation1656

moration1658

perendination1658

offput1730

retardure1751

postponement1757

retard1781

traverse1799

tarrowing1832

mañana1845

temporization1888

procrastinativeness1893

deferral1895

traa dy liooar1897

stalling1927

heel-tapping1949

off-put1970

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28652 (MED) Me think þat nay wit þis resun Repentand agh to mak him bun Wit-vten sonen [a1425 Galba assoyn] to do þe mendes Efter þat to þat plight a pentes.

c1455 Quoniam Attachiamenta c. 36, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sonȝe Ather party aw at the forsaide day till aper for outyn ony sonȝe.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 97 Bot for his tre litill sonȝhe he maid.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 151 Mony slute daw and slepy duddroun Him serwit ay with sounȝie.

1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. L^v My marchandryse schaw me withouttin sunzie.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† sunyiev.

Forms: Middle English seynyn (transmission error), Middle English soigne, Middle English soine, Middle English sone, Middle English song- (in derivatives), Middle English sonye, Middle English soyne, Middle English soyny; Scottish pre-1700 soinȝe, pre-1700 soneȝe, pre-1700 sonȝe, pre-1700 sonye, pre-1700 sounȝe, pre-1700 soyne, pre-1700 sunȝe, pre-1700 sunyie, pre-1700 swnye.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: sunyie n.; essoin v.; assoin v.

Etymology: Either < sunyie n., or aphetic < either essoin v. or assoin v.Compare Old French (Flanders) sonniier to excuse oneself (13th cent. in an isolated source; either < sonne sunyie n. or perhaps aphetic < essoigner essoin v.); compare also the related Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French soignier to care (for), take care (of) (see soigneur n.) and the discussion at sunyie n.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To excuse or exculpate. Also reflexive: to make an excuse.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > exculpate

cleansea1000

skere?c1225

unwreea1250

spurge1303

sunyiea1325

disblamec1374

quita1400

whitena1400

emplasterc1405

declare1460

clear1481

absolve1496

purgea1530

free1560

clenge1592

disculp1602

uncharge1604

exonerate1655

exculpate1656

wash1659

excriminate1661

to wipe the mouth of1687

disculpate1693

whitewash1703

rehabilitate1847

a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 80^v Send iiij i chosene kniȝttes..to seon were he be sik, ware of he soined him of sik bedde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 29437 Þof þou wit cursd man commun þou sal be soyned wit resun.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 464 Sonyon, idem quod soynyn.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1464 He soyned him be his sorement þat sare him forthinkis.

2. intransitive. Scottish. To hesitate, delay; to refuse. Also transitive (reflexive) in same sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]

nillOE

loathea1200

to make it tough1297

forthinka1300

reckc1300

ruea1400

to make (it) strangec1405

to make strangenessc1407

stick1418

resistc1425

to make (it) strange?1456

steek1478

tarrowc1480

doubt1483

sunyie1488

to make (it) nice1530

stay1533

shentc1540

to make courtesy (at)1542

to make it scrupulous1548

to think (it) much1548

to make dainty of (anything)1555

to lie aback1560

stand1563

steek1573

to hang back1581

erch1584

to make doubt1586

to hang the groin1587

to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589

yearn1597

to hang the winga1601

to make squeamish1611

smay1632

bogglea1638

to hang off1641

waver1643

reluct1648

shy1650

reluctate1655

stickle1656

scruple1660

to make boggle1667

revere1689

begrudge1690

to have scruples1719

stopc1738

bitch1777

reprobate1779

crane1823

disincline1885

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (reflexive)]

sunyie1488

check1635

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)]

geleOE

studegieOE

abideOE

to do in or a (= on) fristc1175

dwellc1175

demurc1230

targec1250

dretcha1325

tarrya1375

sojourn1377

defer1382

letc1385

hinderc1386

blina1400

delay?a1400

honea1400

litea1400

overbidea1400

prolongc1425

supersede1433

hoverc1440

tarrowc1480

sunyie1488

stay?a1500

sleep1519

slack1530

protract1540

linger1548

procrastinate1548

slackc1560

slug1565

jauk1568

temporize1579

detract1584

longering1587

sit1591

prorogue1593

to time it out1613

to lie out1640

crastinate1656

taigle17..

to hang fire1782

to hold off1790

to hang it on1819

prevaricate1854

to lie over1856

to tread water1942

to drag one's feet1946

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 110 Than graithit thai thaim till harnes hastely. Thar sonȝeit nane of that gud chewalrye.

c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 1526 He sonȝeit him, or he wald forthir pas.

1508 W. Dunbar Ballade Barnard Stewart in Poems (1998) I. 178 Withe vs to livue..Quhilk neuer sall swnye for thi saik to bleid.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xi. xv. f. 167^v/2 Quhy sonȝe ȝe maist vailȝeant campionis? quhy pas ȝe nocht forthwart with gret spreit?

1568 W. Stewart in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 254 He sonȝeit no^t nor said me nay.

1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 368 He soinȝeit not to ga him self and se.

1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. Q3 They think that prelats suld nocht sunyie, Be way of deid defend thair patrimonie.

Derivatives

sunying n.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > [noun] > exculpation

skering1297

sunyinga1400

discharge1449

cleansingc1568

disaggravating1598

clearing1604

assoilment1611

washing1612

disblaminga1641

disculpation1649

acclearmenta1670

exculpationa1715

whitewashing1768

expurgation1828

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28123 Quen þat i to striueyng yede, I wald oft songyng for my lede.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Adv. 19.2.3) viii. l. 160 [He sulde suere þat, but] sonȝeing, [He sulde þe arbitry declayr].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	sunyie
释义	† sunyien. Forms: Middle English soigne, Middle English sone, Middle English sonen (transmission error), Middle English soygne, Middle English soyne, Middle English soyny; Scottish pre-1700 soigne, pre-1700 sonȝe, pre-1700 sonȝhe, pre-1700 sonȝie, pre-1700 sonzie, pre-1700 sounȝie, pre-1700 sunȝe, pre-1700 sunȝie, pre-1700 sunȝie, pre-1700 sunye, pre-1700 swnȝe, pre-1700 1700s–1900s sunzie, 1800s–1900s sunyie. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (iii) perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French soigne ; essoin n.; assoin n.; sunyie v. Etymology: Either (i) < Middle French (chiefly north-eastern) soigne, soine, sonne, songne (in law) excuse of absence (12th cent. in Old French: see note), or perhaps (ii) aphetic < either essoin n. or assoin n., or (iii) perhaps < sunyie v.Middle French soigne , etc. (in this sense) probably shows a specific semantic development of Anglo-Norman soign and Old French, Middle French soigne care (apparently < an unattested Old Dutch reflex of the same Germanic base as Gothic sunja truth, sunjis true: see sooth adj.), which has a similar, though slightly wider geographical distribution; alternatively it may be aphetic < the more widespread essoigne essoin n. Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. 1. An excuse, a self-justification; a plea. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > [noun] assoin1297 excusationc1380 pleaa1382 excusement1393 sunyiea1400 chose15.. excusec1500 allegation?1510 scuse1523 subterfuge1581 apology1598 alibi1857 out1919 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16395 Quen he [sc. Pilate] sagh þat al his soigne þai tok it al to ill. 1438 tr. Bk. Alexander Great (1831) 24 Quhan he sawe that na man wald ga, In the message bot sonȝe ma. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 1995 in Poems (1981) 77 All thy sonȝeis sall not auaill the. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 128 My coumpt, I sall it mak ȝow cleir, But ony circumstance or sonȝie. a1585 P. Hume Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) ix. 70 in Poems A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 174 Þow will hing but a sunȝie. a1687 R. McWard Επαγωνισμοι (1723) 93 But I know, your last Sonzie and Shift will be, that they admitted..Non-indulged, to preach in their Pulpits. 1898 E. W. Hamilton Mawkin of Flow xviii. 253 Are you content with that, or have ye any mair sunyies to make? 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. (2014) (at cited word) Ye mak aye sae mony sunyies. 2. Hesitation; delay. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun] longingeOE bideOE abodec1225 bodea1300 demura1300 dwella1300 litinga1300 delayc1300 delayingc1300 demurrancec1300 but honec1325 without ensoignec1325 abidec1330 dretchingc1330 dwellingc1330 essoinc1330 tarrying1340 litea1350 delaymenta1393 respitea1393 oversettinga1398 delayancea1400 delitea1400 lingeringa1400 stounding?a1400 sunyiea1400 targea1400 train?a1400 deferring14.. dilation14.. dayc1405 prolongingc1425 spacec1430 adjourningc1436 retardationc1437 prolongation?a1439 training1440 adjournment1445 sleuthingc1450 tarry1451 tarriance1460 prorogation1476 oversetc1485 tarriage1488 debaid1489 supersedement1492 superseding1494 off-putting1496 postponing1496 tract1503 dilating1509 sparinga1513 hafting1519 sufferance1523 tracking1524 sticking1525 stay1530 pause1532 protraction1535 tracting1535 protract of time1536 protracting1540 postposition1546 staying1546 procrastination1548 difference1559 surceasing1560 tardation1568 detract1570 detracting1572 tarryment1575 rejourning1578 detraction1579 longness1579 rejournment1579 holding1581 reprieving1583 cunctation1585 retarding1585 retardance1586 temporizing1587 by and by1591 suspensea1592 procrastinatinga1594 tardance1595 linger1597 forslacking1600 morrowing1602 recess1603 deferment1612 attendance1614 put-off1623 adjournal1627 fristing1637 hanging-up1638 retardment1640 dilatoriness1642 suspension1645 stickagea1647 tardidation1647 transtemporation1651 demurragea1656 prolatation1656 prolation1656 moration1658 perendination1658 offput1730 retardure1751 postponement1757 retard1781 traverse1799 tarrowing1832 mañana1845 temporization1888 procrastinativeness1893 deferral1895 traa dy liooar1897 stalling1927 heel-tapping1949 off-put1970 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28652 (MED) Me think þat nay wit þis resun Repentand agh to mak him bun Wit-vten sonen [a1425 Galba assoyn] to do þe mendes Efter þat to þat plight a pentes. c1455 Quoniam Attachiamenta c. 36, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sonȝe Ather party aw at the forsaide day till aper for outyn ony sonȝe. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 97 Bot for his tre litill sonȝhe he maid. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 151 Mony slute daw and slepy duddroun Him serwit ay with sounȝie. 1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. L^v My marchandryse schaw me withouttin sunzie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † sunyiev. Forms: Middle English seynyn (transmission error), Middle English soigne, Middle English soine, Middle English sone, Middle English song- (in derivatives), Middle English sonye, Middle English soyne, Middle English soyny; Scottish pre-1700 soinȝe, pre-1700 soneȝe, pre-1700 sonȝe, pre-1700 sonye, pre-1700 sounȝe, pre-1700 soyne, pre-1700 sunȝe, pre-1700 sunyie, pre-1700 swnye. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: sunyie n.; essoin v.; assoin v. Etymology: Either < sunyie n., or aphetic < either essoin v. or assoin v.Compare Old French (Flanders) sonniier to excuse oneself (13th cent. in an isolated source; either < sonne sunyie n. or perhaps aphetic < essoigner essoin v.); compare also the related Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French soignier to care (for), take care (of) (see soigneur n.) and the discussion at sunyie n. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To excuse or exculpate. Also reflexive: to make an excuse. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > exculpate cleansea1000 skere?c1225 unwreea1250 spurge1303 sunyiea1325 disblamec1374 quita1400 whitena1400 emplasterc1405 declare1460 clear1481 absolve1496 purgea1530 free1560 clenge1592 disculp1602 uncharge1604 exonerate1655 exculpate1656 wash1659 excriminate1661 to wipe the mouth of1687 disculpate1693 whitewash1703 rehabilitate1847 a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 80^v Send iiij i chosene kniȝttes..to seon were he be sik, ware of he soined him of sik bedde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 29437 Þof þou wit cursd man commun þou sal be soyned wit resun. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 464 Sonyon, idem quod soynyn. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1464 He soyned him be his sorement þat sare him forthinkis. 2. intransitive. Scottish. To hesitate, delay; to refuse. Also transitive (reflexive) in same sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)] nillOE loathea1200 to make it tough1297 forthinka1300 reckc1300 ruea1400 to make (it) strangec1405 to make strangenessc1407 stick1418 resistc1425 to make (it) strange?1456 steek1478 tarrowc1480 doubt1483 sunyie1488 to make (it) nice1530 stay1533 shentc1540 to make courtesy (at)1542 to make it scrupulous1548 to think (it) much1548 to make dainty of (anything)1555 to lie aback1560 stand1563 steek1573 to hang back1581 erch1584 to make doubt1586 to hang the groin1587 to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589 yearn1597 to hang the winga1601 to make squeamish1611 smay1632 bogglea1638 to hang off1641 waver1643 reluct1648 shy1650 reluctate1655 stickle1656 scruple1660 to make boggle1667 revere1689 begrudge1690 to have scruples1719 stopc1738 bitch1777 reprobate1779 crane1823 disincline1885 the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (reflexive)] sunyie1488 check1635 the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] geleOE studegieOE abideOE to do in or a (= on) fristc1175 dwellc1175 demurc1230 targec1250 dretcha1325 tarrya1375 sojourn1377 defer1382 letc1385 hinderc1386 blina1400 delay?a1400 honea1400 litea1400 overbidea1400 prolongc1425 supersede1433 hoverc1440 tarrowc1480 sunyie1488 stay?a1500 sleep1519 slack1530 protract1540 linger1548 procrastinate1548 slackc1560 slug1565 jauk1568 temporize1579 detract1584 longering1587 sit1591 prorogue1593 to time it out1613 to lie out1640 crastinate1656 taigle17.. to hang fire1782 to hold off1790 to hang it on1819 prevaricate1854 to lie over1856 to tread water1942 to drag one's feet1946 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 110 Than graithit thai thaim till harnes hastely. Thar sonȝeit nane of that gud chewalrye. c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 1526 He sonȝeit him, or he wald forthir pas. 1508 W. Dunbar Ballade Barnard Stewart in Poems (1998) I. 178 Withe vs to livue..Quhilk neuer sall swnye for thi saik to bleid. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xi. xv. f. 167^v/2 Quhy sonȝe ȝe maist vailȝeant campionis? quhy pas ȝe nocht forthwart with gret spreit? 1568 W. Stewart in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 254 He sonȝeit no^t nor said me nay. 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 368 He soinȝeit not to ga him self and se. 1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. Q3 They think that prelats suld nocht sunyie, Be way of deid defend thair patrimonie. Derivatives sunying n. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > [noun] > exculpation skering1297 sunyinga1400 discharge1449 cleansingc1568 disaggravating1598 clearing1604 assoilment1611 washing1612 disblaminga1641 disculpation1649 acclearmenta1670 exculpationa1715 whitewashing1768 expurgation1828 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28123 Quen þat i to striueyng yede, I wald oft songyng for my lede. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Adv. 19.2.3) viii. l. 160 [He sulde suere þat, but] sonȝeing, [He sulde þe arbitry declayr]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1400v.a1325
随便看	run like a hairy goat in earliest use dog run like a redshank run like the wind run line run low run low on run mad run madding run metal run money run mute run of run of a garget run of etc run of kiln run of luck run of mine run of play run of quarry run of the etc run of the kiln run of the mill run of the mine run of the quarry run of water