supplyn.
/səˈplʌɪ/, U.S. /səˈplaɪ/, Scottish English /səˈplaɪ/ Originally Scottish.
I. The action of supplying something, or condition of being supplied.† 1. Assistance, support; aid, relief. Also: a person or thing providing assistance or support. Obsolete.Scottish examples of sense 6b in the 18th and 19th centuries are sometimes interpreted as a continuation of this sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun]
fultumeOE
help971
succour?c1225
abetc1330
succouringc1330
speedc1340
subsidya1387
rescousc1390
chevisancea1400
juvamentc1400
supply1420
aid1430
favour1434
supplying1436
suffrage1445
availa1450
boteningc1450
succurrancec1450
adjuvancea1460
assistance1495
meeda1500
subventiona1500
suppliancea1500
adjutory?a1513
sistancea1513
adminiculation1531
abetment1533
assisting1553
adjument1576
society1586
aidance1593
opitulation1598
secourse1598
second1605
suppeditation1605
assistency1642
auxiliation1657
adjutancy1665
adjuvancy1677
abettal1834
sustenance1839
constructiveness1882
1420 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1862) IV. 182 The Governour sall giff his lettres baunde and seille till his forsaid cusin..of mantinance helpe and suppleie in [deu] forme.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) cxii In this cas sche [sc. Minerva] may be thy supplye.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) xv Ryght as the schip that sailith stereles Upon the rok[kis] most to harmes hye, For lak of it that suld bene hir supplye.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. x. 105 I leis..all supple of our travale and pane.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 162 Thow art..My hope, support, and haill supplie.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 17v When he sawe Nastagio bent For her supplie, whom he would reaue of life.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 24 To expend your time with vs a while, For the supply and profit of our hope. View more context for this quotation
c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas i. in Wks. (1898) I. 566 See how Penthesilea leads Her Amazonian trowpes to Troye's supplie!
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 89 Apple Trees..Want no supply, but stand secure alone. View more context for this quotation
1700 in J. Anderson Black Bk. Kincardineshire (1843) 119 His wife, whom he ordinarily carried on his back for supply, she being sick of the palsy.
2. The action of making up or compensating for a deficiency or lack, providing for a want or need, or fulfilling a demand.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun]
provisiona1325
warnison1338
chevisance138.
subministrationa1425
financec1475
suppliancea1500
supply?a1513
supplement1544
furnishment1563
furnish1633
plenishment1823
provisionment1827
resourcing1917
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [noun] > by supplying what is wanting
suppletiona1325
supplement1447
suppliancea1500
supply?a1513
supplying1570
supplementing1832
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 158 Supportand faltis with ȝour supple.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 11 For the olde Eagle will conuey thyther Hares, Conies, foules, and such other like vittell, and viandes, for the supplye of hir necessitie.
1638 F. Quarles Hieroglyphikes i. 5 Thy wants are farre more safe than their supply.
1675 W. Cunningham Diary (1887) 59 To my granduncle James, to be sent to Ireland, to my Uncle John for supplie of his necessity, 66. 13. 4.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. xxvii. 186 Why are usefull things good? because they minister to the supply of our wants and desires.
1808 L. Murray Eng. Gram. Illustr. I. iii. 297 The supply of the ellipsis..gives an uncouth appearance to these sentences.
1835 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Acharnians App. 245 A system..which drew..upon the purses of the tributary states for a supply of those pecuniary demands, which the native resources of Athens were unable to furnish.
1854 Home & Foreign Rec. Free Church of Scotl. Aug. 331/1 He is entitled in equity, for himself and his, to a supply of his needs.
1921 J. C. Fernald Hist. Eng. iii. 93 The supply of a lack in English words from the French had opened the way to constant new derivations from the classic tongues of Greek and Latin.
2003 T. G. Brown Spirit in Writings of John i.60 The supply of a need that could be supplied no other way.
3.
a. The action of providing a person or group of people with what is needed or wanted, as food, equipment, etc.; (also) an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > of something needed > of a person or thing with necessaries
servicec1350
supply1544
1544 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1936) III. 119/1 Ane respiet maid to Johnne Law..for his tressonable supple, mantenyng, fortefeing [etc.]..William Erle of Glencarne.
1578 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 272 All those [pieces] that have beene uttered out of the store,..for the supplie of the fortes.
1602 E. Hayes in J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 19 Newfound-land shall minister shipping to carrie away all our commodities, and to bring others vnto vs againe for our supplie.
1635 in W. Cramond Ann. Cullen (1888) 33 That sum guid ordour may be taiken for supplie of the said toun in tyme.
1645 J. Cheisley in Coll. Papers Commissioners Scotl. 12 Taxes, Impositions, and burdnings, which they are pressed with for the maintenance and supply of their Armies in England, Ireland, and at home in their owne Country.
1781 W. Cowper Charity 251 These have an ear for his paternal call, Who makes some rich for the supply of all.
1805 C. Collingwood Let. 7 Oct. in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1846) VII. 83 (note) The active part he takes in everything that relates to the supply of the Fleet.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xx. 197 The Native then handed him separately, and with a decent interval between each supply, his wash-leather gloves, his thick stick, and his hat.
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) (at cited word) In time of peace the method of supply is by contract for the principal articles of sustenance.
1916 A. Ballard in Oxf. Stud. Social & Legal Hist. V. 193 Occasionally..we find that some of the live stock was sent to the bishop for the supply of his household.
2000 R. H. Ferrell in R. G. Miller To save City p. xi The author of the pages that follow..has brought novelties to light in regard to the supply of the city of Berlin by air in 1948-49.
b. The action of providing or supplying a commodity which is needed or wanted.
ΚΠ
1763 J. Wilkes North Briton No. 35. Goree, of the utmost consequence..in the supply of negroes for the French West Indies.
1799 H. Davy in T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. 139 The perceptive and volitive powers depend for their continued existence on the constant supply of..phosoxydated blood to the nervous and muscular systems.
1807 Naval Anecd. vii. 185 We consider the whole of this singular passage as a kind of ruse de guerre to divert the public censure from Lord St. Vincent's Admiralty in regard to the supply of stores.
1846 Times 18 May 13 From ironfounders and others, for the supply of cast-iron street posts, and posts and pillars for street lamps.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Water-meter, an instrument for registering the supply of water.
1874 E. Coues Birds Northwest 197 Felting..made by some shoddy contractor for the supply of army clothing.
1911 Times 1 Mar. 19/1 The Commissioners of His Majesty's Works and Public Buildings are prepared to receive tenders for the supply of road materials..for a period of one year.
1947 Times 10 Feb. 2/2 If the saving that was essential was not forthcoming the company would have to resort to load shedding or temporary cuts in supply.
1998 Timber Grower Autumn 17/1 These contracts involve the supply of oak planking to the new parliament building at Westminster.
c. A means of providing a constant flow of something when required, esp. involving or constituting a system of distribution or circulation.Frequently as second element of compounds, whose range of meaning often overlaps with senses 3b and 7a.
ΚΠ
1882 Argus (Melbourne) 6 Feb. 7/1 The town of Inglewood, which has a reticulated water supply, has already taken steps to restrict the free use of water.
1894 Metal Worker 17 Feb. 38/3 I would like to ask if it was not partly due to the check valve in the cold supply of the boiler, and should not the supply pipe always be open to act as a safety valve?
1913 W. E. Kellicott Textbk. Gen. Embryol. viii. 351 The yolk stalk..includes a portion of the gut wall and a very abundant blood supply.
1937 Architects' Jrnl. 4 Mar. 401 In the pedestal there is a heater tank... Only a cold supply and waste pipe are necessary.
1961 M. G. Say Electr. Engineer's Ref. Bk. (ed. 10) xi. 8 A contactor which is normally held off by the main lighting supply, failure of which causes the pilot lighting to come into operation.
1981 E. K. Blankenbaker Modern Plumbing xix. 231/2 Disconnect the flexible supply from the base of the ball cock.
2009 New Scientist 14 Mar. 44/3 The first quantitative study of how to build an economically viable, wholly renewable electricity supply for Europe and its neighbours.
4. The action of replacing or substituting something, or of providing a replacement or substitute; esp. the temporary filling of a vacancy or carrying out of another's job, typically as a minister or teacher; the position, status, or work of a teacher, minister, etc., filling in in this way. Now chiefly attributive (see supply teacher n. at Compounds 3) and in on supply at Phrases 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > of something needed
supply1582
society > authority > office > [noun] > filling of an office
supplying1436
supply1582
society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > [noun] > temporarily officiating instead of another
supply1582
1582 W. Allen Briefe Hist. Glorious Martyrdom sig. e6 Such as..are to be sent for supplie,..let them be well trained for the pulpit.
1585 in Presbyterian Movement Reign Eliz. (1905) 53 Mr. Tay..desired the brethren to helpe him..for the supplie of his place.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xii. 138 If this supplie be made to sundrie clauses, or to one clause sundrie times iterated..then is it called by the Greekes Hypozeuxis.
1608 Bp. J. King Serm. St. Maries Oxf. 5 Where you see there are two persons, David and Salomon; and accordingly two partes, first the cession or decease of the one, secondly the succession and supply of the other.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) ii. i. 27 My releefe Must not be tost and turn'd to me in words, But finde supply immediate. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 740 The Southwind..all the Clouds together drove..; the Hills to their supplie Vapour..Sent up amain. View more context for this quotation
1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 93 This Course seems to have been instituted by way of supply or imitation of the Chamber of Mechlyn.
1692 T. Sprat 2nd Pt. Wicked Contrivance S. Blackhead & R. Young in Harleian Misc. (1745) VI. 201/2 Mr. Goodwyn,..being at a Loss for the Supply of a Chaplain at the College of Widows, had by Chance this Young offered to him.
1896 ‘I. Maclaren’ Kate Carnegie 248 A ‘probationer’, who on Saturdays can be seen at any country junction, bag in hand, on his patient errand of ‘supply’.
2006 ‘F. Chalk’ It's your Time you're Wasting (2009) 149 I have been headhunted by the man who organises Supply at Elmwood.
II. That which is supplied, and related senses.† 5. In plural or as a collective singular (with plural agreement). An additional or supplementary body of people, esp. additional troops, reinforcements. Obsolete.In early use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1.† 9.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reinforcements
succour?c1225
over-numbera1450
supplies1488
supplement1548
re-enforce1618
recrew1619
recruit1635
reinforcement1641
enforcement1643
reinforce1648
sustainer1708
re-enforcement1718
supporter1796
stiffening1900
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > a supply > a fresh or additional supply > of people or animals
supplies1488
recruit1647
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > help in trouble, danger, or difficulty > one who > group
supplies1488
relief1568
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 87 Butleris men so stroyit war that tide In-to the stour he wald no langar bide. To get supple he socht on to the staill.
a1525 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 185/7 The Ethiopis held weir apon all Egipte..for the quhilk the Egipcianis socht suple at the Grekis..quharfor the king of Athenis..send his son with gret powere.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 444 Pyrrus seeing his power to be now increased with such a supply..thrust further into the battel of the Macedonians.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 271 Though we here fal downe, We haue supplies to second our attempt. View more context for this quotation
1612 J. Smith Map Virginia 35 There we found the last Supply [of colonists], al sicke.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 159 The Earle of Salisbury craueth supply . View more context for this quotation
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. ix. 184 The two thousand supplyes which were to come into Mounster.
1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ v. 297 The Romans..sent them speedy Supplies.
1791 Outlaw Murray xliii. in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1894) IX. 196/1 Word is gane to Philiphaugh,..To meet him the morn wi some supply.
6. The food and other provisions needed by a person or group of people; spec. the food, equipment, etc., necessary for an armed force or for people engaged in a particular project or expedition.† b. In singular. Obsolete.Now merged into the more general sense 7a(b).
a. In plural.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > supplies
warnestorea1300
astorec1330
chevisancec1385
weala1400
supply1510
supply1512
furniture1549
furnishments1559
loana1578
suppeditaments1599
foisona1616
store1636
wanigan1889
society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > supplies
stuffc1440
supply1510
supply1512
bastiment1594
material1815
matériel1819
subsistence stores1819
1510 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. i. 66 Item, gif thair be ony resettis, supleis, or intercommonis with the kingis rebellis?
?c1650 Hist. Tom Thumb iii, in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 244 Finding all retir'd and gone, His hunger to suffice In cautious sort he moves along; Nature wants some Supplies.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 6 England..sent Money and other Supplies into Ireland.
1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 26 After other losses..there may be found some supplys for repairing them.
1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. v. 267 Notwithstanding the supplies which they received from the Tlascalans, they were often in want of provisions.
1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 582/1 The Surveyor-General of Ordnance, assisted by a director of supplies and transport, and a director of artillery and stores.
1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. 169 The invaders remained until their supplies were exhausted.
1942 National Geographic Mag. June 696/2 In Japanese hands Fiji would cut off our supplies from going ‘down under’ unless we could and would make the costly detour south of New Zealand.
2004 A. Field Royal Navy Strategy in Far East viii. 220 Churchill envisaged the force operating from Singapore, returning periodically to refit and replenish their supplies.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > supplies
warnestorea1300
astorec1330
chevisancec1385
weala1400
supply1510
supply1512
furniture1549
furnishments1559
loana1578
suppeditaments1599
foisona1616
store1636
wanigan1889
society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > supplies
stuffc1440
supply1510
supply1512
bastiment1594
material1815
matériel1819
subsistence stores1819
1512 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. i. 80 And it is thocht rycht odious and hevy to oure soverane lorde..that ony resset, supple, favour, intercommonyn or assistance suld be gevin to the saidis rebellis.
1584–9 J. Maxwall Commonplace Bk. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Supple That castell doith not merite mercie quhilk ȝeeldes rather for wainte of fresche supplie than at the swite of the beseiger.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. viii. 14 That now at this time your abundance may be a supply for their want, that their abundance also may be a supply for your want. View more context for this quotation
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ev/2 When this is spent, Seek for supply from me.
1689 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 64/2 The concealling the demand of a supply for ane forfault persone although not given is treason.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Supply, a fresh recruit of provisions or stores sent to a ship or fleet.
1771 A. Mackenzie Let. 17 Dec. in J. Horne's Surv. Assynt (1960) p. xxvi (note) Many Must Starve if there be No Supply provided for them.
1825 Willie Wallace in P. Buchan Gleanings Old Ballads 115 If ye be a captain as good as ye look Ye'll give a poor man some supplie.
1831 W. Scott Count Robert ix, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. II. 239 Judging that it was full time to carry some supply to Count Robert, who had been left without food the whole day.
1836 W. Irving Astoria III. xlix. 107 The slaughter of so many buffaloes had provided the party with beef for the winter, in case they met with no further supply.
7. † b. spec. A collection of materials to form the basis of an argument or treatise. Obsolete.
a. A stock, amount, or flow of something supplied or available for use.
(a) With of or as the second element of compounds.As the second element of compounds, often overlapping in meaning with sense 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > a supply
purveyance1340
substance?c1425
providencec1450
provisionc1451
furnish1500
supply1567
reply?1592
purvey?1615
product1647
sorting1785
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 20 To sturre vp in vs both a freshe supplie of sorowful teares.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) ii. ii. 188 I am proud say, that my occasions haue found time to vse 'em toward a supply of mony. View more context for this quotation
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 241 The Queen of England..ordered a supply of mony to the King of France, together, with four thousand English Souldiers.
1703 W. Dampier Voy. New Holland i. 16 Till..the greatest part of the Salt-water is congeal'd..or till a fresh Supply of it comes in again from the Sea.
a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 102 What is Grace, but an Extraordinary Supply of Ability and Strength to resist Temptations?
1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts in Wks. (1842) IV. 104 A supply of water..which can only be secured by keeping the Anicut and banks in repair.
1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 117 The greatest possible supply of human labour.
1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 34 Certain crops..require a particular alkali; the vine, for example,..and sorrel,..must needs have supplies of potash.
1868 J. R. Browne Rep. Mineral Resources States West of Rocky Mts. 336 in Rep. Mineral Resources U.S. (U.S. Dept. of Treasury) The only trouble seems to be the insufficiency of the ore supply.
1898 G. B. Shaw Candida in Plays Pleasant & Unpleasant 95 Carrying..a handbag, and a supply of illustrated papers.
1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War viii. 134 I left directions with Quartermaster Collins..to be prepared to bring up further supplies of ammunition and provisions, if I sent for them.
1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. xvi. 371 The enlargement of the growing cell depends on a supply of water, and it is therefore not surprising that limitation of the water supply of plants may lead to dwarfing.
1961 M. G. Say Electr. Engineer's Ref. Bk. (ed. 10) xviii. 20 The gas turbine does not require a supply of water.
2007 Collect it! Jan. 50/3 The globe was hinged, the inside..containing maps for colouring and a supply of crayons.
(b) With the thing contextually implied.In early use sometimes overlapping with sense 6b.
ΚΠ
1696 W. Cockburn Acct. Distempers Seafaring People ii. i. 114 The viscera, that are now affected, must have their juices altered, or else they will still be in a condition to give a continual supply [of humours], supposing the blood to be otherwise in a good condition.
1716 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 493 It cannot be believed that a Supply [of Air], by this means obtained, can long subsist a Diver.
1778 F. Burney Evelina II. xvii. 161 I shall need no fresh supply during my stay in town, as I am at little expence, and hope soon to return to Howard Grove.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ii. 12 The wine was passed, and a fresh supply ordered.
1852 J. Bonwick Notes of Gold Digger 13 The dirtied water is gently poured off every now and then, and, with a fresh supply from the stream, you puddle away.
1886 W. Newton Secrets Tramp Life Revealed 14 This ‘Guide’ cannot work this ‘graft’ alone, for he has to have a good supply for stock, a bag of ‘snide’ or base coins.
1908 Market Growers Jrnl. 11 Mar. 26/2 Arrivals of Peppers have been light for some time, yet there is a good supply on hand.
1963 F. O'Connor Let. 23 Nov. in Habit of Being (1979) 550 Louise threw potash water on Shot last week (she keeps a supply for this purpose).
2008 A. Shansky American's Journey into Buddhism i. 80 I went into one store that sold candles and incense and bought a supply for my shrine at home.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun]
supply1662
thematic1975
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > materials forming basis of composition
supply1662
1662 H. More Antidote against Atheism (ed. 3) ii. xi. 72 in Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 2) A Supply from ordinary and known Examples as convictive..of a discerning Providence.
1714 J. Swift Some Free Thoughts upon Present State Affairs (1741) 4 Systems, that..are Supplies for Pamphlets in the present Age.
8. A substitute.† a. With of. A thing used in place of another to serve the same purpose. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > a substitute
changec1460
supplier1491
quid pro quo?1535
supply1567
vicegerent1583
substitute1589
vice1597
succedane1601
surrogate1644
succedaneum1651
succedaneum1662
vicar1676
superseder?1774
supersessor1810
locum tenens1814
supplial1837
remplaçant1850
fill-in1918
Stepney1928
stand-in1933
substituter1956
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. xiii. sig. Nnviv Usinge the pointe of a sharppe bodkyn as a supplie of a steeled chezell.
b. A person acting as a temporary substitute for another, or filling a temporary vacancy; esp. (originally) a minister or preacher who temporarily takes charge of a church, replaces an incumbent minister, etc.; (now chiefly) a supply teacher. Cf. Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > deputy or substitute > temporary
supply1584
locum tenens1640
locum1885
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > temporary
supply1584
society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > supply teacher
substitute1758
substitute teacher1817
supply teacher1874
relieving teacher1885
supply1893
sub1902
1584 in R. G. Usher Presbyterian Movement Reign Queen Elizabeth (1905) 36 Mr. Newman moued whether he might get a standing supply for his place.
1697 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 10 To give notice what number of ministers was wanting, and earnestly to solicit for a suitable Supply.
1718 Bp. Robinson in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 200 I should be glad to hear from you what vacant Churches are in your parts, to the end I may..procure you a supply.
1782 J. Woodforde Diary 17 May (1926) II. 24 I cannot get a Supply for Trin: Sunday.
1888 W. D. Howells Annie Kilburn xxx Supply after supply filled his pulpit.
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Oct. 7/2 Some servants..will only stay in situations for short periods... These would make excellent supplies.
1893 E. Smith Hist. Schools of Syracuse iii. 109 After the close of the winter school in the First Ward, Mr. Smith was put into No. 10 as a supply in place of Mr. Wheaton, where he remained until Mr. Wheaton returned.
1939 Church Service Program (3rd Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.) 16 July 2 It is with pleasure that the Session announces the following Summer Supplies: July 23—Dr. C. B. Gahagen [etc.].
1957 A. Wilson Bit off Map & Other Stories 152 ‘Why can't they get a Supply in?’ ‘Supply teachers need notification.’
1974 M. Higgins Changeling i. 7 Your replacement is only a supply, and..the Head'd be only too happy to have you back.
2010 J. McNally in J. McNally & A. Blake Improving Learning in Professional Context v. 67 I think the longer you are here the more of a reputation you get... I think it's more as a, you know, a teacher, not just a supply.
a. Something supplementary, additional, or auxiliary; a supplement, an adjunct. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies
purtenancea1382
accessory1429
retinue?a1439
accessaryc1475
companion1533
annexe?1541
hanger-ona1555
supply1567
copemate1581
complement1586
fere1593
adjective1597
annexment1604
annexary1605
attendant1607
adherence1610
adjacent1610
wife1616
fellower1620
coincident1626
attendancy1654
associate1658
appanage1663
conjunct1667
perquisite1667
familiar1668
satellite1702
accompaniment1709
accompanying1761
side dish1775
obbligato1825
shadow1830
rider1859
gadget1917
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. iv. viii. 430 Hereunto ye thought it good, to adde more force, as a supplie, to aide youre wantes.
1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 21 To make himselfe the encreasing figure, whilst the rest serue but for supplyes.
a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI. Serm. (1661) 488 To do that was to be done, Christ was enough; needs no supply.
1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 197 Municipal laws are a supply to the wisdom of each individual.
b. A supplement or appendix to a literary work. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > supplement
suppeditation1578
supply1584
by-work1587
supplemental1643
sooterkin1668
Suppl.1702
parergon1724
supp1755
supplement1887
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > addition or appendix
supplement1523
appendix1549
referendary1581
supply1584
postscript1596
corollary1603
annexary1605
annexe1625
appendage1651
streamer1696
tack1705
taga1734
rider1813
pendant1837
overmatter1887
afterword1890
1584 Counter-poyson 24 As no new encounter by publike writing (as a supply) hath beene made against the same, yet shall it not be without fruite to the reader.
1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. (title page) Encreased and enlightned with certaine Annotations, Resolutions & Supplyes, not impertinent to this treatise.
1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. vi. 247 (heading) A Svpply to the Historie of Philip de Commines from the death of King Lewis the 11.
1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 1 A Svpply To The Second Part; Or The Third Part of the Letters of Monsieur De Balzac.
10.
a. As a count noun or a collective singular. A grant of money by a national legislature for the costs of government. Cf. supply day n. at Compounds 3.Usually with reference to the British Parliament and the legislatures of former British colonies.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [noun] > assignment of state money
supply1609
concordatum1625
jagir1676
vote on account1797
revote1807
pork barrel1873
token vote1923
additionality1959
1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iii. lxxxix. 85 Whereby, sayd they, the poore concussed State Shall euer be exacted for supplyes.
1622 W. Scot Course Conformitie 64 The importance..of our adoes giveth us just hope for to looke for a supply to bee granted to us by our subjects..in a greater measure then hath been at any time heretofore.
1626 J. Mede Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 236 The Commons had made a Remonstrance to his Majesty but would not grant him any supply.
1670 E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. (Camden) 57 Of this I suppose they waite the parlimt's results for supplyes.
1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 77 After these Invasions were over, They voted a Supply.
1761–2 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lxiii. 709 Notwithstanding the supplies voted him, his treasury was still very empty and very much indebted.
1817 Earl Grey in Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 28 The supplies of last year were 35 millions, and the ways and means did not exceed 20 millions.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. viii. 472 As the ordinary revenues might prove quite unequal to great exigencies, the constitution has provided another means..parliamentary supply.
1867 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 218/1 All bills authorising the expenditure of public money must originate in the House of Commons, and be based on resolutions moved in a Committee of Supply.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 517 The Commons declared..that redress of grievances must precede the grant of supplies.
1902 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 10 414 A formal motion to the effect that on a certain day the house will resolve itself into a committee to consider the supply to be granted to His Majesty.
1939 T. S. Ewart in E. Vaillancourt Knots 16 It was in Quebec..that the principle..was first fought in the Canadas and fought by the same method which had been used in Britain by withholding the grant of supply until complaints were remedied.
1953 P. K. Wattal Parl. Financial Control India 73 The proposal of a motion for the grant of supply must be made by a Minister.
2010 Business Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 25 Nov. Lifting the current 10-minute speech time capped for a backbencher in the Committee of Supply.
b. Scottish. A land tax or cess (cess n.1 1b) levied on counties and burghs, originally as a means of raising additional funds to defray the sovereign’s expenses. Cf. Commissioner of Supply n. at Phrases 2. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > land tax
land-gavelc1000
Danegeld1086
tallagec1290
tallagie1444
tollage1531
Dane-money1570
extent1597
geld1610
cess1662
land-tax1689
supply1689
single tax1879
1689 in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 56/2 Þe collector of the supply in the schyre of Edinburgh.
1691 in Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1970) 3rd Ser. XVI. 293 The first and readiest of the three months cess or supply due and payable at Mertimes last and destinat for payment of the sums and arrears in the Act of Parliament.
1754 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1974) IX. (at cited word) The Years 1643 and 1649, when a more perfect Form of levying public Burdens, called the Cess or new Supply, and a more equal Ratement of the Land-rent, called the valued Rent or Valuation, were begun and perfected.
1756 Pitcalnie MSS in Sc. National Dict. (1974) IX. (at cited word) The Sum of Two pounds, One shilling and three pence as Payment of Two Months Supply for the Terms of December and March last past due and payable to his Majesty.
1815 J. Fernie Hist. Dunfermline 25 The supply, the land cess, and what is termed equae, payable to government, amount to the yearly sum of £81:11:11.
1967 H. Armet in Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. XIII. p. xxxvii The ‘cess’ or supply granted to the Crown by the Scottish Parliament in the form of a Land Tax was based on the monthly assessment of £72,000 scots or £6000 sterling.
11. Economics. The amount of a good or service produced and offered for sale. Opposed to demand n.1 4b. Cf. aggregate supply n. at aggregate adj. and n. Compounds, supply and demand at Phrases 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > amount produced or manufactured
produce1650
supply1744
make1749
output1841
turn1870
production1878
turn-out1879
throughput1884
run1926
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects
overheating1609
consumption1662
supply1744
production1767
demand1776
effective demand1819
employment rate1833
equilibrium1871
opportunity cost1894
bankers' ramp1931
multiplier1936
multiplier effect1937
market forces1942
cost push1952
externality1957
fiscal drag1964
demand-side1975
1744 Considerations against New Duty upon Sugar 85 The recognised principle of the relative supply and demand regulating the profit or loss upon any particular commodity brought to market.
1767 J. Steuart Inq. Polit. Oecon. I. ii. ii. 174 The effect of it [sc. demand] is that the supply for the most part is found to be in proportion to it.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 234 The average produce of every sort of industry is always suited, more or les exactly, to the average consumption; the average supply to the average demand. View more context for this quotation
1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. iii. iii. §2 Demand and supply govern the value of all things which cannot be indefinitely increased.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 103 The labour which is required to get more of a commodity governs the supply of it.
1900 Ld. Aldenham Colloquy on Currency 82 If the demand exceeds the supply the price will rise. If the supply exceeds the demand the price will fall.
1934 J. R. Hicks in Rev. Econ. Stud. 2 32 This does not mean that the elasticity of supply..is necessarily infinite.
1992 Jrnl. Human Resources 27 392 The marginal cost of his/her services is Ci = g(A* , Xc), where Xc are exogenous variables determining supply.
2008 Wired May 134 The point at which the renewable supply is forever outstripped by unquenchable demand.
Phrases
a. Chiefly Scottish. To give assistance or aid. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2043 in Poems (1981) 79 Ȝe man tak trauell and mak vs sum supple.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 46 Quhair I culd nocht the Law fulfill, My warkis maid me na supplie.
1598 R. Bernard tr. Terence Phormio i. iv, in Terence in Eng. 402 Heere will I lie in a bush to make a supply, if you shall faile in anything.
1663 (?a1500) Pleasant Hist. Roswall & Lillian sig. A6 When ever thou needest, come to me, And I shall make you good supplie.
1791 Outlaw Murray xxxix, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1894) IX. 196/1 Ye must meet him or the morn And mak him some supply.
b. To make good a deficiency or lack. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. iii. f. 73/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I I find none of any countenance omitted before I come to Lindis or Witham, where I haue to make supplie of foure or fiue as followeth, albeit that their courses be not of any quantitie in comparison of those, whereof I spake in the Trent.
1629 Vse of Law 77 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light The manner of making supply when the part of the heire is not a full third.
1662 H. More Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 2) Pref. Gen. p. xvii I omitted to set down the succession of the Pythagorick School..and therefore I will here make a supply out of Diogenes Laërtius.
P2.
Commissioner of Supply n. Scottish (now historical) an official, typically a local landowner, appointed to assess and raise the supply ( 10b) in a given area, and later for other duties; chiefly in plural.From 1889 the office was gradually superseded and its functions transferred to local government.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > [noun] > exacting or collecting > collector of impost, due, or tax
tollerc1000
tolnerc1050
pernora1325
collectorc1380
receiverc1380
toll-gatherer1382
general receiver1400
coillor1420
collator1430
receiver general1439
subcollector1471
leviera1513
taker-up1548
publicana1563
under-receiver1579
Commissioner of Supply1686
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > land tax > those who levy or assess
Commissioner of Supply1686
1686 Laws & Acts 2nd Sess.1st Parl. James VII. of Scotl. 8 His Majesty with Advice foresaid, Doth Ordain the Justices of Peace, and Commissioners of Supply in both Shires to meet and adjust the Expence of the said Reparation.
1693 in Trans. Dumfries & Galloway Nat. Hist. & Antiquarian Soc. 3rd Ser. 36 42 The Commissioners of Supply which now are, or shall be herafter in the said shyres and stewartries.
a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. i. iv. §31 The commissioners of supply are the persons appointed by parliament in their yearly acts of supply, to levy the land-tax within the county to which they are named.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 184 Under the militia acts the commissioners of supply have also power to assess for failures to make up the quota for allowances to the families of militiamen.
1865 Proc. Alloa Soc. Nat. Sci. 6 Mr Lothian proposed a vote of thanks to the Commissioners of Supply for the County for the gratuitous use of the Courthouse.
1902 Rep. Crofters Comm. on People of Lewis p. lxxi, in Parl. Papers (Cd. 1327) LXXXIII. 287 He stated he was..Chief Magistrate of Stornoway; Justice of the Peace; a Commissioner of Supply and a Commissioner under the Income Tax Acts [etc.].
2000 J. Hearn Claiming Scotl. vi. 109 At the local level the key agents of government were the Sherrifs [sic] who administered and enforced the law and regularly convened the Commissioners of Supply.
P3. Economics. supply and demand: the amount of a good or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered together as the factors regulating its price, and the profits that may be derived from it. Also attributive: of or relating to these factors. Frequently in law of supply and demand.
ΚΠ
1744Supply and demand [see sense 11].
1810 Monthly Rev. Apr. 424 The universal and invariable influence of the law of supply and demand.
1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iv. iv. 368 The sixpence a day and supply-and-demand principle.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 99 The Laws of Supply and Demand may be thus stated: a rise of price tends to produce a greater supply and a less demand; a fall of price tends to produce a less supply and a greater demand.
1936 J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment v. xxi. 292 Prices are governed by the conditions of supply and demand.
1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 19 Most boys wanted to bat and because I could do both I usually found myself caught up with a ball in my hand due to the law of supply and demand.
1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 12 Dec. b6/1 A handful of determined developers..insist supply-and-demand economics dictate that more megaresorts be built.
2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 May (Central ed.) a2/1 Those fears have resulted in a so-called terrorism premium that has pushed up crude prices as much as $5 to $10 a barrel over what supply and demand would suggest.
P4. on supply: (of a person, esp. a schoolteacher) acting as a temporary substitute for another.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > as deputy or representative [phrase] > acting temporarily instead of another
on supply1848
1848 M. Gailland Diary 15 Apr. in Kansas Hist. Q. (1953) 20 519 The Father on supply celebrated Mass in the..trading post.
1885 Rep. School Managem. Comm. (School Board for London) 207 Mrs. Luxton, who is on Supply, is but a fairly good teacher; the other Assistants are painstaking and intelligent teachers and have their classes in a very satisfactory state of Discipline.
1905 Daily Chron. 1 Sept. 1/6 Wanted, an Assistant School~master, on ‘Supply.’
1912 Universe 16 Aug. 12/1 Southwark... Father Hallett [stationed] on supply at Melior Street.
1999 Times Educ. Suppl. 7 May (Appointments Suppl.) 103/2 (advt.) Many of our teachers start with us on supply and then are appointed for contracts.
P5. in short supply: not existing in large enough quantities to satisfy demand; scarce.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > insufficiency > [phrase] > not abundant
money (etc.) does not grow on trees1669
in short supply1804
thin on the ground1951
1804 Morning Post 4 Sept. Barley comes in short supply.
1811 J. MacDonald Gen. View Agric. Hebrides xiv. 462 Wool..is sometimes accidentally in very short supply.
1860 Farmer's Mag. July 84/2 The Irish cattle were in short supply, and principally composed of stirks.
1942 Times Rev. 1941 3 Jan. p. v/4 There has been an exemplary pooling of machine tools and of other requisites in short supply.
1988 L. Appignanesi Simone de Beauvoir iv. 73 All manner of food and basic commodities were in short supply.
2005 M. Atwood Penelopiad vi. 36 My uncle would not have helped anyone—believe me—simply out of the goodness of his heart, a commodity that was in short supply.
Compounds
C1. General attributive (in sense 6).In some cases, esp. in Compounds 1b, partly from supply v.1
a.
supply base n. originally Military
ΚΠ
1863 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 8 May 2/2 It is one of the most delicate of situations for an army to have a river between it and its supply base.
1948 Shell Aviation News No. 118. 9/1 Back at the main supply base of Shell-Mera a radio message is received.
1958 L. M. Uris Exodus i. xviii. 101 During the war the depot had been a major supply base for the Allies in the Middle East.
2001 Drapers Rec. 28 Apr. 33/2 (advt.) Ensuring approved specifications are reviewed and maintained at the supply base.
supply boat n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > tender or supply vessel
victuallera1572
handmaid1599
magazine ship1617
magazine1624
victualling-ship1665
tender1675
storeship1693
supply ship1778
foraging-ship1809
supply boat1823
powder-hoy1867
oiler1916
1823 Amer. Missionary Reg. 4 Contents p. v News from the supply-boat.
1897 Outing 30 327/1 The steamers upon this route are supply-boats.
2004 P. F. Hamilton Pandora's Star xix. 606 The gondolas, water taxis, and little supply boats which swarmed the canals.
supply column n. Military
ΚΠ
1878 19th Cent. May 852 As a rule, rations of all kinds are issued from the supply columns attached to the division.
1916 P. Jones Let. 12 June in War Lett. Public-school Boy (1918) 187 I have been transferred from my old post of Requisitioning Officer to Supply Officer, Cavalry Division Supply Column.
2009 Sunday Times (Nexis) 12 July 4 The soldiers were guarding a 100-vehicle supply column on its way from Sangin to Camp Bastion, the British Army base, when the ambush took place.
supply company n.
ΚΠ
1836 Rep. Chief Engineer in Docs. Board of Aldermen N.Y. (1837) III. 166 3d Ward Hose Company two carts with 1200 feet hose, [Present Number of Men] 41 Hydrant company 18 Supply company, 16 Wardens, 96.
1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 582/1 The Army Service Corps consists of 12 transport companies and 11 supply companies, officered from the supply and transport sub-department.
2009 Evening Standard (Palmerston North, N.Z.) (Nexis) 3 July 4 The last time Colonel Howard Duffy was stationed at Linton Army Camp, he led a supply company, so it has been an eye-opening experience for him to return as the camp's new commander.
supply department n. Military
ΚΠ
1805 Ld. Lake Let. 1 July in S. Parlby Brit. Indian Mil. Repos. (1824) III. 165 The whole of the Artillery stores in camp had been expended, and a deficiency in the supply department rendered it necessary to obtain provisions, previous to a recommencement of our operations.
1876 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) Supply Department, a branch of the control department.., now..replaced by the commissariat department.
1944 K. D. McCracken Baby Flat-top 57 The Head of the Supply Department is known universally as ‘Pay’.
2007 Chambersburg (Pa.) Public Opinion (Nexis) 7 Jan. (Obits.) Prior to retiring on August 31, 1983, she was a secretary at Letterkenny Army Depot in Chambersburg for 32 years in the supply department.
supply depot n.
ΚΠ
1850 Boston Daily Atlas 4 May 2/3 The British ship Ocean Queen..bound from England to Suez, with coals for the steamer supply depot, was burnt in the Indian Ocean.
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 596 Main supply depots are established at advanced bases or at convenient positions on the railway.
1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 18 Mar. 3/2 Two all-metal monoplanes have made an initial flight..carrying 1,000 pounds of gasoline each for the supply depot at Hay River.
2003 Sunday Times 30 Mar. 18/3 Supply nodes: temporary battlefield supply depots used by coalition forces.
supply line n. originally Military
ΚΠ
1864 Standard 19 Oct. 4/7 This raid is more formidable than any which has yet threatened General Sherman's supply lines.
1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 11 We were detailed to attack Jerry's supply lines.
1956 D. L. Linton Sheffield p. xxiii It can serve the other towns of the region with wholesale and retail goods, professional and social services only over ‘supply lines’ that are relatively costly in maintenance, operation, or time.
2010 N.Y. Times Mag. 24 Oct. 51/2 By one estimate, auditing supply lines to assure an absence of conflict minerals could cost as little as a penny per finished cellphone, laptop or electronic camera.
supply officer n. Military
ΚΠ
1871 1st Rep. Comm. Public Accts. (House of Commons) 84/1 Who is himself purchasing officer, contracting officer, and supply officer?
1920 Hist. 6th Engineers xv. 208 The Ordnance Detachment functioned under the supervision of the Supply Officer all through the period of the regiment's stay in Europe.
2005 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 5 Nov. 27 Richmond's desire to join the Royal Navy overcame his disappointment that because of his poor eyesight, he could do so only as a supply officer, or ‘pusser’.
supply ship n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > tender or supply vessel
victuallera1572
handmaid1599
magazine ship1617
magazine1624
victualling-ship1665
tender1675
storeship1693
supply ship1778
foraging-ship1809
supply boat1823
powder-hoy1867
oiler1916
1778 Remembrancer 5 21/2 Taking a supply ship that was coming to Scotland with cloaths, arms, and money.
1883 Cent. Mag. Feb. 547/2 The non-appearance of their supply-ships had driven the price of provisions in New Orleans almost to famine rates.
1995 A. Thomson Color of Distance (1999) xxxi. 453 There's not much to do up here except keep the ship ticking over until the supply ship comes through the gate.
supply shop n.
ΚΠ
1898 Daily News 4 May 7/4 Meat..leaped up a halfpenny a pound yesterday in the supply shops just outside Smithfield Market.
1995 Mother Earth News Dec. 52/2 Merino wool fiber (found at weaving and/or spinning supply shops for $2 an ounce).
supply station n.
ΚΠ
1858 P. M. Collins Explor. Amoor River 43 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (35th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. No. 98) XII This was one of the links in the chain of their voyages, and served them as a post and supply station.
1907 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 6 117 One of my duties was to select a site for a supply station midway in an uninhabited, and consequently foodless, country.
1909 F. Ash Trip to Mars xxxiv. 262 Airships are of no use without a supply-station.
2004 Wanderlust June 66/3 (advt.) Travel by road to Samarkand, fabled capital of Tamburlaine the Great and a major supply station on the Silk Road.
supply store n.
ΚΠ
1860 Sci. Amer. 9 June 372/2 Adjacent to the office is a supply store, where every article necessary for the building, repairing and operating the various lines is kept on hand, subject to the order of the superintendent.
1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) 204 Supply Stores... Army & Navy Auxiliary Co-operative Supply, Limited... Civil Service Supply Associations, Limited.
1946 W. Faulkner Portable Faulkner 752 A pair of offices up a flight of stairs above the supplystore.
2002 P. Raines Simple Stonescaping (2003) v. 45/2 Manufactured water feeds can be bought at supply stores and from catalogs that cater to the granite countertop trade.
supply wagon n. Military
ΚΠ
1847 Proc. N.Y. Hist. Soc. 42 The march—the flight we should rather say, continued all night, and next day till noon, when they met the supply-waggons from Fort Washington.
1894 H. H. Gardener Unofficial Patriot 275 Their supply-wagons had not come up until long after the struggle.
1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee xii. 277 The trail that Custer's supply wagons had cut into the heart of Paha Sapa soon became the Thieves' Road.
1997 B. McCrea et al. S. Afr.: Rough Guide 312 It's decorated with the horns of Wydeman, the lead ox of the supply wagon from Barkly East, who dropped dead outside the hotel in 1896.
b. With reference to the supplying of water, fuel, or another fluid to a mechanism, apparatus, etc.
supply cistern n.
ΚΠ
1818 Gentleman's Mag. May 406/1 The water, which, after various turns in leaden pipes, dropped in a well close to the boiler, from whence it was pumped up into the supply cistern.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 209 The supply cistern..must be so placed that its bottom is not lower than the highest point of the pipes.
1986 E. Hall in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) iii. iii. 354 There are however ‘cistern heaters’ which incorporate their own small, cold water supply cistern in the upper part of the unit.
supply dam n.
ΚΠ
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 266 When water is the power, the sluice of the supply-dam should be drawn up to the proper height.
1986 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 26 Dec. Police said the boy was playing with his brother, 3, when he wandered away from his parents' house about 3 p.m. towards a supply dam.
supply pipe n.
ΚΠ
1820 Louisville (Kentucky) Public Advertiser 13 May 3/3 The Missouri grounded and was obliged to put out much of her cargo—much time was also lost by the bursting of the supply pipe.
1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 150 The supply pipe ee, descending from the upper reservoir, communicates with the top and bottom of the cylinder by the horizontal pipes f and g.
1938 J.-B. O. Sneeden Introd. Internal Combustion Engin. (new ed.) viii. 141 When A is pulled downwards, the vacuum formed in the chamber M causes the flow of petrol from the supply pipe at J into the sediment bowl K.
2002 R. D. Treloar Plumbing: Heating & Gas Installations (ed. 2) v. 220 A spring-loaded non-return valve will be required on the supply pipe to prevent oil draining back to the tank.
supply pump n.
ΚΠ
1805 Lit. Mag. & Amer. Reg. Apr. 244/2 The supply pump, which brings water up, and forces it into the supply boiler, at every stroke of the engine.
1987 U.S. Patent 4,687,34 1 Most..supply pumps are equipped with pressure activating nozzles which..automatically shut off the flow of diesel..when the sensed pressure indicates that the tank is approaching surfeitness.
C2. In plural (see sense 6a), frequently as a less common alternative to the singular forms in Compounds 1, as supplies depot, supplies officer, etc.
ΚΠ
c1864 I. R. Trimble Diary in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1922) 17 18 At this date the supplies store has been closed & we are reduced to less than army rations.
1898 Engin. Mag. 16 44 Pay-roll total and supplies-cost total.
1906 Daily Chron. 16 Oct. 5/5 The unbusinesslike methods of the Supplies Office at Pretoria.
1916 Alumni Q. (Univ. Illinois) 15 June 401/1 Old grads recalled that the cadets..helped to guard the supplies depot.
1920 Jrnl. Internat. Relations 11 114 When I was there the supplies officer showed me with mournful countenance the small and rapidly dwindling supply of flour on hand, enough to last only two or three weeks.
1978 B. Lotito tr. V. Alba Transition in Spain xvii. 182 During the war, Allied squadrons used Gibraltar as a supplies depot.
2009 J. Foster tr. P. Manes As if it were Life iii. 251 The head of the women's section, Mrs. Frič, was leaving with her husband, who had held a high position in the supplies office.
C3.
supply chain n. (a) (collectively) the routes or means by which supplies (esp. those for a military force) are received; (b) Business the chain of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity.
ΚΠ
1903 Proc. U.S. Naval Inst. June 399 The people composing secondary battery ‘supply chains’.
1910 R. Morris Railroad Admin. i. 23 A railroad is better off than an army because..nobody is trying to cut its supply chain.
1956 OR 7 10 It is possible to supply the steel at approximately this rate..provided no link in the supply chain breaks.
1973 Bull. Concerned Asian Scholars 5 No. 4. 4/2 The highly mobile Philippine Army..was..free of the need for the ponderous supply chain required by the Americans.
2002 Time 14 Jan. 3 (advt.) Figure out how to expand your supply chain and create distribution channels to service all of your client's retail locations.
supply day n. Politics each of a fixed number of days on which a legislative assembly debates an opposition motion criticizing the government's proposed expenditure (cf. sense 10a).Originally and chiefly with reference to the British House of Commons (now called an opposition day); later used with reference to other assemblies, esp. the Canadian House of Commons (more commonly called an allotted day or opposition day).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > day of specific debate
supply day1792
1792 Hist. & Proc. Lords & Commons 139 He reminded the Right Hon. Gentleman of a question he had put to him the last session on a supply day, relative to 2000 additional seamen, voted then, and of the answer he had given.
1821 Morning Chron. 20 Apr. 2 As they would lose two or three Supply days by indulging members in a longer recess, he should move that the House adjourn.
1976 H. Wilson Governance of Brit. i. 19 Defeated on a snap vote on a Supply Day debate on the stocks of cordite in government depots, he threw in his hand.
1982 Hansard Commons 19 July 120 The present 29 so-called ‘Supply’ days should be replaced by 19 ‘Opposition’ days.
2006 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 23 Nov. a22 The Bloc Quebecois announced that it would use a supply day to introduce a Commons resolution: ‘That this House recognizes that the people of Quebec form a nation.’
supply–demand adj. Economics of, relating to, or designating the relationship between supply and demand; cf. supply and demand at Phrases 3.
ΚΠ
1918 H. C. Taylor Price-fixing & Cost Farm Products (Agric. Exper. Station Univ. Wisconsin Bull. No. 292) May 8 The supply-demand price of one product may be higher and that of another lower than the cost, but the combination of crops may prove profitable.
1981 W. Nugent Struct. Amer. Social Hist. v. 145 The supply-demand ratio got out of kilter in the late 1960s and the 1970s, when the boom babies reached the employment market just when more and more women regarded that same market as an attractive target.
2006 Financial Times 2 May 38/8 Tthe sharp change in the supply-demand balance for rail transportation over the last several years.
supply-driven adj. Economics motivated and propelled by the supply side of the economy; frequently contrasted with demand-driven.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [adjective] > of or relating to specific policies or actions
imperial1726
co-operative1821
protectionist1844
inflationist1876
rational1915
deflationist1921
rationalist1942
producer-oriented1946
redistributionist1949
substantivist1956
supply side1957
demand-pull1958
tax-and-spend1960
stop-and-go1961
stop-go1962
go-stop1964
supply-driven1973
demand-side1975
supply side1976
demand-driven1980
1973 Amer. Econ. Rev. 63 437/1 An autonomous, exclusively supply-driven rise of the savings rate in relation to the growth rate of population and the labor supply.
1985 Financial Times 5 Aug. 26/6 The growth is both demand- and supply-driven. On one side are fast-growing companies bursting out of..capital constraints…On the other side stand investors who are fast shedding their national prejudices in favour of international diversification.
2010 Independent (Freetown, Sierra Leone) (Nexis) 21 Dec. He said if he is elected president, his government will pursue a supply driven modernisation programme.
supply drop n. Military an act of delivering supplies by dropping them by parachute from a plane.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > parachuting > [noun] > dropping by parachute
parachute drop1928
airdrop1943
drop1943
supply drop1943
parachutage1944
paradropping1944
paradrop1945
1943 Times 30 June 2/1 Squadron Leader Thompson gave a detailed picture of one supply drop.
1947 ‘N. Shute’ Chequer Board iv. 86 Last job was a Dakota squadron in South-East Asia Command. Supply drops, I suppose.
1978 T. Allbeury Lantern Network iii. 33 You have been given details of..suitable areas for supply drops.
2010 S. Junger War i. iv. 65 There is a wall of Hescos facing south and a burn-shitter enclosed by a supply-drop parachute.
supply price n. Economics the price at which a given quantity is supplied; the lowest price that a producer will accept; contrasted with demand price.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > other specific prices
subscription price1676
mint price1758
standard1778
pool price1789
O.P.1810
stumpage1835
mint value1839
maximum price1841
piece price1865
street price1865
supply price1870
base price1876
hammer-price1900
doorbuster1917
off-price1933
reference price1943
1870 T. J. Hovell-Thurlow Trade Unions Abroad 65 [The] last condition is of the utmost importance to him, as it regulates the supply price.
1890 A. Marshall Princ. Econ. I. v. iii. 403 When the amount produced..is such that the demand price is greater than the supply price.
1936 J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment v. xxi. 300 Supply price will increase as output from a given equipment is increased.
2006 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 21 Aug. 30 It's just a matter of time before the demand price and the supply price for EOR and nonconventional resources match up.
supply roller n. a roller which supplies something to another part of a mechanism, apparatus, etc., (in early use) esp. a roller supplying ink to the other rollers of a printing press.
ΚΠ
1830 L. Hebert Reg. Arts IV. 68 When either of the forms is depressed, its distributing rollers are carried to the ink-trough to receive ink from the supply-roller, which they transfer to the form by passing over its surface as it is elevated.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2455/1 Supply-roller (Printing), an intermediate working-roller.
1931 Bull. National Res. Council (U.S.) No. 78 i. 14 The paper is wound on a supply roller, is carried over a second roller which is attached to the clock movement, and onto a third or receiving roller.
1962 R. W. Work & J. A. Kent in J. A. Kent Riegel's Industr. Chem. xi. 384 From there it goes to a second roller which rotates faster than the supply roller to produce the desired amount of stretch, usually about 400 per cent.
1996 S. J. Bigelow Troubleshooting & Repairing Computer Printers (new ed.) iv. 79 (caption) Toner supply roller.
supply-teach v. [ < supply n. + teach v., after supply teacher n.] intransitive to work as a supply teacher.Chiefly in progressive tenses.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [verb (intransitive)] > teach in school > as supply teacher
substitute teach1953
supply-teach1958
1958 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Sunday Post 20 July b9/4 Ella is home on vacation from a busy year spent preparing to supply teach this coming school term.
1968 New Statesman 22 Mar. 376/1 I am now supply teaching in London.
1980 J. Barnes Metroland iii. i. 138 I was supply teaching in Wandsworth at the time.
2005 Daily Tel. 14 Mar. 21/3 While supply-teaching, I have noticed that junior schools have reduced games' time.
supply teacher n. a teacher employed to fill in temporarily for another who is absent; esp. one who is regularly employed in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > supply teacher
substitute1758
substitute teacher1817
supply teacher1874
relieving teacher1885
supply1893
sub1902
1874 Wisconsin Jrnl. Educ. Feb. 68/2 Appoint some one else, either a supply teacher or a pupil, to hear them [sc. recitations].
1902 Daily Chron. 18 Apr. 3/2 It was agreed that ‘supply’ teachers..should be paid for the week's holiday allowed on account of the Coronation.
1963 S. Marshall Exper. in Educ. iii. 115 I happened to be ill..and the only supply teacher the L.E.A. could find at short notice was an Indian teacher.
2001 B. Hatch Internat. Gooseberry 38 Persistently following the nervous supply teacher Mrs Gerrard around the school at lunchtimes in a thin crocodile formation.
supply teaching n. the work or occupation of a supply teacher.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [noun] > school-teaching > types of
student teaching1861
ushering1866
substitute teaching1873
housemastering1884
supply teaching1914
1914 F. McElfresh in J. T. Faris et al. Sunday School at Work vii. ix. 220 Do not draw any away to do supply teaching. Let these young people have their chance to work, but do not forget them.
1940 Greeley (Colorado) Daily Tribune 25 Jan. 4/5 Mrs. Atkinson is doing supply teaching in the Denver schools.
1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Aug. 1006/5 He was a student at the London School of Economics, wanted to be a writer and did supply teaching for a living.
1997 Times Educ. Suppl. 18 July 63/1 (advt.) Attend a supply teaching open day to find out about long and short term teaching posts.
supply train n. [ < supply n. + train n.2] Military a train (train n.2 10a) carrying supplies.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > field equipment
train1523
train service1753
field equipment1787
supply train1788
field park1805
1788 F. De La Concha Diary 9 Sept. in New Mexico Hist. Rev. 34 294 He had the greatest objections to crossing the mountains and assured me that I would lose the supply train and horse herd.
1860 H. Greeley Overland Journey 55 Our route..was no longer encumbered with great army supply-trains.
1862 O. W. Norton Army Lett. 26 Sept. (1903) 121 They followed up in our rear and cut off our supply train.
1902 Words of Eye-witness 228 A person unused to supply-trains.
1997 G. Hosking Russia (1998) i. 16 Unable to rely on foraging in the sun-baked plains, the Russian army had to take with it a huge supply train.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
supplyv.1
/səˈplʌɪ/, U.S. /səˈplaɪ/ I. To provide, or provide with, something.† 2. † 4. Chiefly Scottish.† 6.
1.
a. transitive. To furnish or provide (a person) with something; (in early use) to satisfy the wants of, provide for; (now usually) to furnish with regular supplies of a commodity. Frequently with with.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything
feather?c1225
serve?c1225
astore1297
purveya1325
purveyc1325
warnishc1330
supply1384
bego1393
garnish?a1400
stuff14..
instore1432
relievec1480
providec1485
appurvey1487
support?1507
furnishc1515
repair1518
supply1529
speed1531
help (a person) to (also with)1569
sort1598
suffice1600
enduea1616
starta1640
employ1690
find1713
to fix out1725
issue1737
service1969
1384 [implied in: Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 350/1 Supplearis of thame of Roxburgh or Berwic or ony vthir of the merchearis of Inglande with hors..vittalis..or ony vthir gudis.].
1476 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 176 The said Robart sall help and suple the town of mone at hys gudly power, vnskathand hym.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 8 Honour thy Elderis; and thame supplie, Geue that thair neid of the requyre.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 208 This is the body That tooke away the match from Isabell, And did supply thee at thy garden-house In her Imagin'd person. View more context for this quotation
1647 J. Hall Poems i. 10 Feathers..Which..might..stitch't into a web, supply anew With annuary cloakes the wandring Jew.
1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana Order 27. 234 You may adde unto a Parliamentary Army an equall number of Marpesians, or Panopeans, as that Colony shall hereafter be able to supply you.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 26 He could not subsist if they should refuse to supply him.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. i. 13 They supplyed me as they could, shewing..astonishment at my Bulk and Appetite.
1727 tr. Plutarch Lives IV. 357 A few days later after Lucullus being in some concern for another Convoy, which was to supply the Army in great Abundance, ordered Adrianus to take with him a competent Force, and conduct it to his Camp.
1775 E. Burke Let. to R. Champion in Corr. (1844) II. 31 I am sincerely thankful to you for your care, in supplying us with the earliest intelligence.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. ix. 143 Can Sir Reginald Glanville's memory..supply him with no probable cause?
1863 Beedle's Sixpenny Handbk. Weston-Super-Mare 89 (advt.) S. Richards, Pork and Provision Factor... First-class Family Provisions will be constantly on hand... Families Supplied Daily.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 30 China supplies us with vast quantities of tea.
1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 22 Apr. 8/6 (advt.) Having installed a new portable gasoline wagon we can supply you with ‘gas’ in record time from our Central Garage.
1965 Life 30 Apr. 40/1 There are now 240 installations which must be supplied daily.
2002 Guardian 14 Dec. (Weekend Suppl.) 99/1 Ottakar's had..supplied me with a large glass with a bowled middle and a tapering top.
b. transitive. To provide (a thing) with what is necessary or desirable; to provide what is needed for the maintenance of. Frequently with with.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything
feather?c1225
serve?c1225
astore1297
purveya1325
purveyc1325
warnishc1330
supply1384
bego1393
garnish?a1400
stuff14..
instore1432
relievec1480
providec1485
appurvey1487
support?1507
furnishc1515
repair1518
supply1529
speed1531
help (a person) to (also with)1569
sort1598
suffice1600
enduea1616
starta1640
employ1690
find1713
to fix out1725
issue1737
service1969
1529 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis (1845) I. 396 To sustene supple mentene apperall mend and uphald..þe brig forsaid.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. Ind. 103 Entertainment of guests, how to be supplyed.
1605 in Abstr. Protocols Town Clerks of Glasgow (1896) II. 116 Willing to set fordwart, manteine and supply thair guid and godlie purpois.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. i. 17 A hundred Almes-houses, right well supply'd . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. ii. 36 Requesting your Lordship to supply his instant vse with so many Talents. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 47 Nor ha's he with him to supply his life. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 105 Feed him full and high: Indulge his Growth, and his gaunt sides supply . View more context for this quotation
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 264 The Salts..contribute very much to the abundantly supplying the Plants with what is requisite.
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 27 She..With flow'r and fruit the wilderness supplies . View more context for this quotation
1799 H. More Strict. Mod. Syst. Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 135 To supply by individual kindness those cases of hardship which laws cannot reach.
1884 H. Gibbes in H. Thompson On Tumours of Bladder 59 The growth is well supplied with blood-vessels.
1967 Sputnik Monthly Digest Nov. 178/1 The Shatura thermal power station supplied Moscow.
2006 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 16 Sept. 87 Magnificent stands of casuarinas, ironbarks and red mahogany supplied Sydney with its timber for building, fuel for cooking stoves, and charcoal for most of the 19th century.
c. transitive. To provide (something empty) with contents, an occupant, etc.; to fill. Frequently with with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up (space or a place) [verb (transitive)] > fill
afilleOE
fillOE
fullOE
chargea1250
replenish?a1425
replete?a1425
steek?1440
upfillc1440
plenish1488
prime1513
accloy1581
supplya1616
adimplete1657
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. iii. 36 Keepe..the Chaires of Iustice Supplied with worthy men. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. i. 18 An empty box..which..I come to intreat your Honor to supply . View more context for this quotation
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. 64 Thy Figure promis'd with a martial Air, But ill thy Soul supplies a Form so fair.
1821 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 39 73 The space between the top and bottom plates is supplied with fluid every down stroke of the engine only.
1876 Ann. Jrnl. Illinois State Dental Soc. 102 If we, with our delicate instruments, cannot reach these remains, how can we hope to perfectly supply the space with our filling material?
1892 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 26 Apr. 508/2 The riffle-box having in its bottom a receptacle to be suitably supplied with quicksilver.
1989 Chem. Abstr. 111 304/1 Supplying the hole with the grouting material.
2005 F. Jameson Archaeologies of Future ii. x. 376 To aim, following our format here, at supplying the empty category of the Scene with an Event.
d. transitive. Anatomy and Physiology. To convey something, esp. blood or nerve impulses, to or from (a part of the body); to send (a branch or branches) to a part of the body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > [verb (transitive)]
supply1732
1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies ii. xi. 274 The inferiour Intercostals..run along the interstices of eight or nine of the lower Ribs, namely those which the superiour Intercostals did not supply.
1732 A. Monro Anat. Treat. Nerves 34 in Anat. Humane Bones (ed. 2) The Coronary Arteries..are the only ones that supply the Heart.
1788 B. Bell Syst. Surg. (ed. 2) V. xxxvi. 241 The aorta, vena-cava, and the large blood-vessels and nerves which supply the bowels, lie all within the abdominal cavity.
1834 J. Chitty Pract. Treat. Med. Jurispr. i. 99 The left bronchus is less in diameter, having to supply the smaller lung.
1899 L. Hill Man. Human Physiol. xx. 181 The right and left subclavian arteries supply respectively the right and left shoulder and arm.
1918 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 5) 949 It [sc. the ascending terminal branch of the lateral circumflex artery] supplies twigs to the neighbouring muscles.
1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck iv. 40 The posterior primary rami of the remaining cervical nerves supply the back of the neck segmentally.
1990 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 16 Dec. ii. 13/2 A technique called direct coronary atherectomy (DCA)..to shave away the deposits that accumulate in the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle.
2007 Plumer's Princ. & Pract. Intravenous Therapy (ed. 8) v. 61 Many veins supply a particular area; if one is injured, others maintain the circulation.
e. intransitive. To sell or distribute illegal drugs.Only in legal phrases, as intent (also offer, etc.) to supply.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > selling or sale of specific things > sell specific things [verb (transitive)] > sell illicit items > esp. narcotics
push1932
deal1965
supply1968
1968 Cannabis: Rep. Advisory Comm. Drug Dependence (Home Office) 21 One approach..would be to provide a specific offence of possession with intent to supply, attracting higher penalties than the offence of simple possession.
1992 N. Dorn et al. Traffickers vi. 92 Both were sentenced to fifteen months' imprisonment each for conspiracy to supply.
2005 T. Bennett & K. Holloway Understanding Drugs, Alcohol & Crime 4 Offences that can be committed are: importation, exportation, production.., supply or offer to supply, possession and cultivation.
2009 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 6 July 3 He was later charged with possession of the drug and intent to supply.
a. transitive. To fill up, make complete; spec. to complete, make up (a number, sum, etc.). Also with up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] > complete, fill up, or make up
to make up one's mouthc1175
fulfila1225
through-fill?c1225
upspeed1338
supplya1398
araisea1440
to make outa1562
accomplish1577
complement1643
implement1843
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xli. 250 The melte hat splene, and haþ þat name of suplere ‘to fulfille’, for it supplieþ [L. supplet] þe lift side aforn þe lyuour þat it be not voyde.
c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 356 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 232 Sa tuk þai hyme for þe twelf to be, þe parfyt nowmyre for to suple.
c1480 (a1400) St. George 539 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 191 His wikit wil ȝet to suple,..he..gert george til hyme be present.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Supploye or make vp the full nombre of hundreth souldiers that lacked of that nombre called centuria, subcenturio.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 113 He supplyed vp the number of Senatours that were greatly decayed.
b. transitive. To make up a deficiency in (something) by providing or replacing what is missing; to supplement. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > with what is necessary or deficient
supplyc1480
furnish1600
succenturiate1622
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > make complete [verb (transitive)] > complete, fill up, or make up > by supplying what is wanting
performa1382
supplyc1480
upmake1485
to make up1488
mend?a1505
to stop, to fill (in or up), to supply a gap?1523
to eke out1596
help out (also through)1600
size1608
echea1616
inch out1620
to eke up1633
supplete1664
lengthen1670
supplement1749
to husband out1762
sort1880
piecenc1900
c1480 (a1400) St. Barnabas 30 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 250 Dyscipilis..þat criste assignit for to be In helpe his wark to suple.
1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 537 Shee wept and waild..And all the rest, her sorrow to supplie, Did throw forth shrieks and cries.
1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 184 Nature is supplide in him by Art.
1671 tr. J. de Palafox y Mendoza Hist. Conquest of China by Tartars xv. 285 That by their valour they might supply the little intelligence they had in this way of fighting.
1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 195 The Book..was altered and supplied by the hand of a Stranger.
3. † b. transitive. Scottish. To make good or relieve (a condition or situation which is currently unsatisfied or unsatisfactory). Obsolete.
a. transitive. To compensate for or make good (a defect, loss, etc.); to make up for (the lack or absence of something) by providing a substitute. Also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > compensate or make up for
restorea1325
to make good1389
boot1393
rewarda1398
supplya1398
to make up1472
upset1513
to fetch again1535
redeem1590
balance1594
pay1596
unpay1600
to make out1610
requitea1613
to pay home1625
encourage1628
compensate1646
compensate1656
reprise1662
to take up1662
to fetch up1665
to pay off1717
indemnify1750
to bring up arrears1788
equalize1866
reparate1956
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. iv. 299 So þat þe vertu of þe norische be in stede and supplie [1495 de Worde sowple] and fulfulle þe defaute of þe childe.
1445 in A. J. Mill Mediaeval Plays in Scotl. (1927) 131 For this instant yhere thai will haue na sic abbot bot thai will that the aldirman..and a balyhe quhom that he will tak til him, supple that faute.
1491 in J. Cooper Cartularium Eccl. St. Nicholai Aberdonensis (1888) I. 255 Alss oft as he [sc. a chaplain] falzes in execucion of his office..he sal pay i d..to him yat suppleis yat falt.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) ii. f. li These..vertues..supplyeth ye defautes that be left in ye powers of the soule by synne.
?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 12 Ane man of..sufficient doctrine to supple the regentis absens.
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill 225 That which most supplied their want of experience.
1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Pref. sig. A4 The knowing Translator hath supplyed the defect out of the Latine copies.
1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. i. §12 There will not remain many topics of discourse, unless this be called in to supply.
1709 J. Swift Project Advancem. Relig. 62 He that would keep his House in Repair, must attend every little Breach or Flaw, and supply it immediately.
1765 O. Goldsmith Traveller (ed. 2) 8 Yet, still the loss of wealth is here supplied By arts.
1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 172 Cards,..and the polish'd die, The yawning chasm of indolence supply!
1834 J. S. Macaulay Treat. Field Fortification 16 If defended by three ranks, two of them stand on the banquette; the first rank fires, the second loads, and the third rank supplies casualties.
1859 Once a Week 2 July 16 The tadpole needs his tail to swim with; and Nature kindly supplies any accident that may deprive him of it.
1917 E. S. Shuckburgh Hist. Rome to Battle of Actium 335 Hannibal's losses in battle had not been supplied by reinforcements from home.
1999 M. R. T. Macnair Law of Proof in Early Mod. Equity iii. 118 These office copies could, indeed, be used to supply defects in the records.
ΚΠ
c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist l. 1141 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 256 Salome, As befor bydine had he, Gert al the Iowis sla but hone,..for til supple þe wikitnes, Þat in hire bruthir alway wes.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 155 Lat man do yat jn him is, & syne traist jn goddis help, and he sall supplee his gude rycht.
?a1600 King James VI & I Poems (1958) II. 16 For that Thou leauis thaime not o Lorde of grace That praies The to suplee thaire pitteouse cace.
c. transitive. To fulfil or satisfy (a requirement or demand) by providing what is needed or wanted.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [verb (transitive)] > satisfy (needs or desires)
sleckc1175
stanch1340
fulfilc1384
satiatec1450
satisfyc1475
slockc1480
expletea1500
supplya1513
satisfice?1531
suffice1533
stake1550
to fill up1600
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 44 And in this peticioune we desyre that our fader of hevin prouid to us temporale sustinaunce, suppleand oure necessite.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 18 Thy nychtbour lufe, and als supplie His neid.
1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie 251 The Grecian Prince..caried a bagge full of winde to supply his want at all times.
1600 Readinge of Banes (Harl. 2013) in Chester Myst. (1818) 4 See these pagentes played to the beste of theire skill Wher to supplye all wantes shall be noe wantes of good will.
1645 J. Milton Psalm cxxxvi in Poems 16 All living creatures he doth feed, And with full hand supplies their need.
1666 A. Marvell Let. 27 Oct. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 42 Which is not from any want of ardor in the house to supply the publick necessityes.
1712 J. Swift Proposal for Eng. Tongue 7 Supplying our Wants, faster than the most visionary Projector can adjust his Schemes.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 798 Some private purse Supplies his need with an usurious loan.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. v. 165 If [he] withheld the revenues and supplied not the exigencies of the state.
1881 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 703 The sectional forms given..are intended to supply the requirements of engineers engaged in the construction of railways.
1901 W. G. Cordingley Dict. Stock Exchange Terms 56 When..there are not sufficient shares issued to supply the demands made.
1946 J. T. Adams Album Amer. Hist. III. 135 The Treasury, without Congressional authorization, issued ‘Postage Currency’, which supplied the need for small change.
2001 Independent on Sunday 21 Jan. (Review Suppl.) 39/3 I urge you to contact whichever retailing organisations supply your vinous needs.
a. transitive. To help, aid, assist; to give succour or relief to; to support, maintain. Also: to deliver (a person) from an unpleasant state or situation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)]
helpc897
filsteOE
filsenc1175
gengc1175
succourc1250
ease1330
to do succourc1374
favour1393
underset1398
supply1428
aid1450
behelp1481
adminiculate?1532
subleve1542
to help a (lame) dog over a stile1546
adjuvate1553
to stand at ——1563
assista1578
opitulate1582
stead1582
bestead1591
help out (also through)1600
serve1629
facilitate1640
auxiliate1656
juvate1708
gammon1753
lame duck1963
piggyback1968
1428–9 Cal. Edinb. Reg. House Charters Suppl. 7 Feb. The said Ionate sall help & supple at hir gudly power the saide Patrik..to wyn his landis of Homylknoll.
1464 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1464/1/9 That he nothir supple, support nor resett the saide Alane in the saide dedis.
?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 95 In medicyne the most practicianis..Thame self fra ded may not supple.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 340 He supplies king Henrie his gude father sair vexte with rebellis.
1630 J. Smith True Trav. 18 The very Bulwarke and Rampire of a great part of Europe, most fit by all Christians to have beene supplyed and maintained.
1828 Duke of Athole's Nurse xiii, in P. Buchan Anc. Ballads & Songs N. of Scotl. II. 25 O can you supply me? For she that was to meet me in friendship..Has sent nine men to slay me!
b. intransitive. To provide help, assistance, or relief. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)]
help?c1225
to shove at the cart1421
supply1446
assist?1518
to lend a hand (or a helping hand)1598
to hold handc1600
to put to one's hand (also hands)1603
seconda1609
subminister1611
to give (lend) a lift1622
to lay (a) hand1634
to give a hand1682
to bear a hand1710
to chip in1872
1446 in J. Raine Hist. & Antiq. N. Durham (1852) App. 22 That ony of our legis..supple or assist in prewe or in apert..to the saide Patrik.
1484 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 229 Gyf in tyme of hervyst we gader our teindis at he..suple and help efter as we neide.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 12v O Cupid King..Attend thir wordis that ar sa pungitiue... Bot ȝe supple, I may not thame sustene.
5. † c. transitive. To appoint or put in place as a replacement or substitute. Cf. branch II. Obsolete. rare.
a. transitive. To provide, add in (something that is missing or lacking).In quot. c1450: to accomplish (something that would otherwise be left undone).
ΚΠ
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 41 (MED) Augustin supplied swech good werkis whech he [sc. Valerius of Hippo] coude not do him-selue.
1533 T. More Apologye xlii. OO j b The knowledge the party lacketh must be supplyed the more effectually by the iudges.
1546 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 56 Quhat wantis of the hale soum..to be supleit be thaim for payment of the hale soum.
1567 N. Sanders Rocke of Churche ii. 30 The Particle ὠν, is to be supplied to these woordes, ὁ μείζων.
1697 J. Dryden Ded. Georgics in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ¶1v Having said what he thought convenient, he always left somewhat for the imagination of his Readers to supply.
1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. App. 180 Supply defective words.
1861 F. A. Paley Æschylus' Supplices (ed. 2) 591 (note) Μὴ is to be supplied from the preceding negative clause.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iv. §24. 79 Another fundamental condition of thought, omitted by Sir W. Hamilton, and not supplied by Mr. Mansel.
1953 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 16 61 Hence, I supply the preposition ‘to’ at this point in my translation.
1994 Jrnl. Consumer Res. 21 190 The ambiguity created by a cropped or incomplete object may prompt people to seek closure by supplying the missing part.
b. transitive. To make (something needed or wanted) available to someone; to provide, esp. for someone's use or consumption.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)]
affordOE
findOE
purveyc1300
chevise1340
ministera1382
upholda1417
supply1456
suppeditate1535
perfurnishc1540
previse1543
subminister1576
tend1578
fourd1581
instaurate1583
to find out1600
suffice1626
subministrate1633
affurnisha1641
apply1747
to stump up1833
to lay on1845
to come up with1858
1456 in J. Maidment Misc. Abbotsford Club (1837) 6 Thai sal supple lauchfull and honest defens of thare lifis landis heretaige.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Eiiiv That he knowe not but that I haue supplyed. All that I can his matter for to spede.
a1586 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1927) II. 304 This to supple gude men put to ȝour hand.
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. 69 The reception of light..we must now supplie..by some open Forme of the Fabrique.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 56 Dodonian Oaks no more supply'd Their Mast. View more context for this quotation
1709 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions 91 Nearer Care..supplies Sighs to my Breast, and Sorrow to my Eyes.
1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 7. 47 He will tell you, with his Eyes shut, what Province, what Mountain supplied the Liquor.
1778 J. Carver Trav. N.-Amer. xviii. 482 These [sc. remedies] Providence has bounteously supplied, by causing the Rattle Snake Plantain, an approved antidote to the poison of this creature, to grow in great profusion where-ever they are to be met with.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 387 All the tin used in England is supplied by the mines of Cornwall, which furnish 3000 tons annually.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xvi. 394 A sound cork perforated so as to form it into a ring... Half a dozen of these will supply handles to most tubes.
1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. i. 46 In order to supply the hydrochloric ether, a mixture of hydrochloric acid and alcohol is placed in the retort.
1902 Sc. Law Reporter 40 96/1 The quarrymaster who supplied the plant and tools for the work.
1910 D. G. Hogarth in Encycl. Brit. I. 248/2 The fresco-paintings..of Crete have supplied the clearest proof of it.
1959 Times 12 Nov. 14/7 Two house-cows..were kept to supply milk.
1986 M. Dibdin Rich Full Death (1988) ii. 25 Then, having supplied my address to the police, I reluctantly left the villa.
2010 Scotsman (Nexis) 21 Apr. 63 It was the first time footage had been supplied by one club to prosecute an opposition player since video evidence was made admissable by the SFA in 2004.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)]
changec1225
shifta1325
puta1400
underputc1400
put1483
put1535
subrogate1548
substitute1548
surrogate1586
counterchange1604
supplya1618
suffect1620
commute1667
succeed1667
to be in (another person's) shoes1842
sub1919
a1618 W. Raleigh Maxims of State (1651) 72 [He] feared that David would supplie Benagit in his place.
a. transitive. To provide (a military or naval force or commander) with additional troops; to reinforce. Obsolete.Now merged into the more general sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > reinforce
enforce1340
stuffc1400
renforce?1473
relieve1487
supply1487
refreshc1500
ranforce1547
strengthen1548
re-enforce1579
reinforce1589
seconda1609
recrew1637
recruit1642
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 627 (rubric) How gud Iames of douglas askit at king robert the bruce leiff to gang to supple Erll thomas randall.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1119 Agayne Wallace he prewit in mony pres, With Inglismen suppleit thaim at his mycht.
1525 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 412 To help fortefy and suple our confederat ye King of France.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 105 Where he left his most tired souldiers, and supplied his army with the people of that countrey.
1652 A. Ross Hist. World ii. iii. x. 123 The Saxons under Witskundus their Generall oftentimes rebelled, and were still subdued, they were supplyed still with Auxiliaries of Danes, and Vandals.
1791 T. Anburey Trav. Interior Parts Amer. (new ed.) I. xxxviii. 367 The enemy, who were continually supplied with fresh troops, most vigorously attacked the British line.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed viii, in Tales Crusaders I. 144 These detachments..supplied by reinforcements which more than recruited their diminished numbers.
b. intransitive. To strengthen a military position by obtaining reinforcements; = reinforce v. 2b. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (intransitive)] > obtain reinforcements
supply1579
reinforcea1616
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 482 Supplying still with a few on either side, at the length they came to a maine battell.
II. To perform, discharge, or fill as a substitute; to take the place of, replace.† 7. † 9. transitive. To take the place of; to serve as a substitute for; to replace. Obsolete.In quot. 1788: (of a preacher) to stand in for (another); cf. senses 8b, 10.
a. transitive. To discharge the duties of (an office) or fulfil (the function) of something, esp. as a substitute or replacement. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > an office or function
takec1350
execute1387
servea1450
acquitc1460
supply?a1475
discharge1542
undergo1609
fungify1650
sustain1700
society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > act as deputy for [verb (transitive)] > fulfil as
supply?a1475
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 133 This Benedict made pope but symple in connynge, made an oþer pope under hym to supplye his office.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 104 Paul sais notht yat it is sufficient to ane bischoip to haiff ane prechour to supple his office.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxvii. 24 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 103 My hart in office lame, My tongue as lamely fares, No part his part supplies.
1626 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 328 They may be removeable..and others chosen in his or their place..to supply the residue of the said yeere.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 1001 Let us seek Death, or hee not found, supply With our own hands his Office on our selves. View more context for this quotation
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xii. 203 The Joyners Mallet would supply the Office of this Tool.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. ii. 135 Worked up with wood-ashes, to supply the use of tallow.
b. transitive. To be used to complete (a particular task). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > [verb (transitive)] > be suitable, convenient, or opportune for
serve1532
supply1602
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall 8 Akornes made good bread, before Ceres taught the vse of Corne; and sharpe stones serued the Indians for Kniues, vntill the Spaniards brought them Iron: so in the infancie of knowledge, these poore instruments for want of better did supplie a turne.
8.
a. transitive. To fill or take (another's place), esp. as a successor or substitute. Also: to fill (a vacancy).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)] > occupy as a substitute
supplyc1480
c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 318 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 231 Þat we stablyste ane in þe place, þe quhyle to supple of Iudas.
1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Fungor Fungi vice alicuius,..to be in an other mannes steede, to supply an other mannes roume.
1578 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1870) I. 72 The first person contenit in ilk ane of the thrie burghis commissionis elected..sall supplie the place of the absentis.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. iii. 121 Lucentio, you shall supply the Bridegroomes place. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 834 A race of upstart Creatures, to supply Perhaps our vacant room. View more context for this quotation
1682 London Gaz. No. 1730/3 Sir Thomas Bludworth Alderman for the Ward of Aldersgate, being lately dead, the Wardmoot met this day in order to the supplying the Vacancy.
1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 305 Cant and Droning supply the Place of Sense and Reason.
1751 T. Gray Elegy xxi. 9 Their name, their years, spelt by th' unletter'd muse, The place of fame and elegy supply.
1786 T. Baldwin Airopaidia xxxxv. 193 So much heavy and cool Air is instantaneously, constantly, and forcibly depressed upon its surface, in order to supply the Vacancy.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) Covering serjeants supply the places of officers when they step out of the ranks, or are killed in action.
1831 G. P. R. James Philip Augustus I. ii The place of his casque was supplied by a large brown hood.
a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. xxiii. 103 She died; and her place was supplied by a German princess.
1910 Washington Post 10 Aug. 3 This is a safe and nutritious food supplying the place of meat or eggs.
1913 R. C. Minor Notes on Sci. of Govt. i. 9 Its members, upon the death of their first ruler, would the more readily substitute in his room one who, because of his kinship, age and experience, might appear most likely to supply his place.
1940 Arbitration Act (India) in M. N. Das Laws relating to Partition (1972) App. E. 305 Any party may serve the other parties of the arbitors..with a written notice to concur in the appointment or appointments or in supplying the vacancy.
2000 E. T. Bannet Domest. Rev. 98 Patriarchal control supplying the place of the wisdom and herbal remedies of the traditional wise woman.
b. transitive. Of a preacher or minister: to occupy or be in charge of (a church, pulpit, etc.) temporarily, or as a substitute.
ΚΠ
1650 in Wilts. Arch. & Nat. Hist. Mag. (1920) June 5 The said Chappells formerly have been supplied by a Curate att the appointment of the Viccar of the parish Church of Malmesburye.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) 231 He omitted not to Preach twice every Lords day, with the approbation of all that were Judicious and Religious. No Minister in England had his Pulpit supplyed by fewer Strangers.
1719 A. Spotswood in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 202 When the Church he now supplies, became void by the death of the former incumbent.
1783 W. Bray Sketch Tour Derbys. & Yorks. (ed. 2) 15 There was a church here early in the Saxon times, but it was dependent on Kings Sutton..and was supplied by curate.
1895 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 155 To ‘supply the pulpits’ of ministers who left home.
1914 E. A. Steiner From Alien to Citizen xxiii. 239 For a time I supplied the pulpits of various pastorless churches.
2002 Owen Sound (Ontario) Sun Times (Nexis) 1 Nov. b3 One of Westminster Seminary's graduates..was invited by the Chesley congregation to come from Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, to supply the pulpit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > supplanting or replacement > supplant, replace [verb (transitive)]
fulfila1200
underplantc1200
supplanta1398
subplanta1425
recompense?a1439
supply1567
bestead1596
second1600
reimplace1611
transplace1621
displant1630
succenturiate1650
supersede1657
substitute1675
recruit1711
replace1753
displace1774
substitute1775
supplace1777
outplace1928
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [verb (transitive)] > act as (temporary) substitute
supply1788
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 265 An auncient Lady, the wydowe and late wife of a knight of that contrey, who left her only a daughter to supplie hym.
c1606 S. Rowlands Terrible Battell D 3 [They] fall sicke; and die,..and others them supply.
1619 E. M. Bolton in tr. Florus Rom. Hist. To Rdr. sig. A6v The words which are here and there inserted..are..explanatorie of the authors meaning, supplying marginall notes.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman To Rdr. sig. B2 Thou art worth ten thousand of us; if we dye, wee may be supplied.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 1078 A comfortable heat..Which might supplie the Sun. View more context for this quotation
1689 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 628 The Hearth Tax was remitted for ever: but what intended to supply it,..is not named.
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 56 A bold peasantry,..When once destroyed, can never be supplied.
1788 M. Cutler Jrnl. 16 Nov. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 434 Mr. Dana preached here, who was supplied by Mr. D. Story.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) VI. 332 The Court has no power to strike out the word such; and if they did, what are they to supply it with?
1873 L. Wallace Fair God i. xii Lamplight..ill supplying the perfect sunshine.
10. intransitive. Of a preacher or minister: to stand in for or discharge the duties of another, esp. temporarily. Cf. supply n. 8b.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [verb (intransitive)] > act as (temporary) substitute
supply1857
1857 G. Oliver Coll. Hist. Catholic Relig. Cornwall i. 5 After supplying for some time as penitentiary at Rome, he was ordered to the English mission.
1905 J. H. Harting Hist. Sardinian Chapel 30 The Rev. Thomas Gabb..for some years..‘supplied’ at Mrs. Langdale's private chapel.
1995 M. Trott Life R. W. Sibthorp iii. 53 During the summer he supplied at St. John's Bedford Row, for Charles Jerram.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† supplyv.2
Obsolete.
1. transitive. = supplicate v. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > beseech or implore
beseechc1175
ofsechec1300
praya1350
praya1387
supply?c1400
treatc1450
entreatc1475
solicitate1563
bepray1598
exore1598
exorate1599
implorea1616
deprecate1624
beg1675
implead1682
fleech1718
impetrate1881
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. viii. l. 2210 Yif þou wilt shynen wiþ dignites, þou most bysechen and supplien hem þat ȝiuen þo dignitees.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) Ded. 2 I requyre & supplye your good grace not to desdaygne to resseyue this lityll sayd book.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Ciiv Why dost thou not supplye And desyre me thy good mayster to be.
1539 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 604 I supplie Our Blessed Creatour to sende Your Highnes encreace of honour.
1602 J. Colville Parænese 82 Vhen by our..prayers ve supplie tham to interceid for vs.
2. intransitive. With to, unto. = supplicate v. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone
clepec825
cryc1290
to pray (one) of a boon1393
to call on ——a1400
to seek on (also upon)a1400
to call upon ——c1405
sue1405
supplicate1417
peala1425
labour1442
to make suit1447–8
supply1489
suit1526
appeal1540
apply1554
incalla1572
invocate1582
beg1600
palaver1859
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. i. sig. Ajv I supplye humbly to the said right hie offyce.
a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) i. Prol. f. i/2 We supplye ryght humbly to our worthy sauyour Ihesu Cryste that his prompt grace maye be to vs presented.
1533 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 392 In your moste humble wise, ye supplye unto us, in your said letters, to graunte unto you our lycence [etc.].
3. transitive. To present (a request) in supplication. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)]
yearnOE
bid971
seek971
askOE
beseechc1175
banc1275
yerec1275
cravec1300
desirec1330
impetrec1374
praya1382
nurnc1400
pleadc1400
require1400
fraynec1430
proke1440
requisitea1475
wishc1515
supply1546
request1549
implore?c1550
to speak for ——1560
entreat1565
impetratec1565
obtest?1577
solicit1595
invoke1617
mendicate1618
petition1621
imprecate1636
conjurea1704
speer1724
canvass1768
kick1792
I will thank you to do so-and-so1813
quest1897
to hit a person up for1917
1546 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 884 To wryte to His Majeste, to supplie my present sute to his Person.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
† supplyv.3
Obsolete.
transitive. = supple v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > loose or stiff condition > [verb (transitive)]
leesea1325
lithe1362
unloosec1390
relax?a1425
supple1526
supply1534
nimble1581
relaxate1598
lax1661
limber1748
unstiffen1855
untense1970
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > sensitiveness or tenderness > make (more) sensitive or tender [verb (transitive)] > specifically of the heart
moistc1390
tender1390
woke1393
asoftc1430
supply1534
dulce1558
entender1591
douce1593
unstone1594
moisten?a1661
1534 [see supplying n.2].
1535 Goodly Primer A Prayer for the mollifying & supplyeng hard hearts.
1553 Bk. Chyldren in T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Life (rev. ed.) sig. Xvi To supply [earlier supple] the gummes and the synewes.
1660 J. Gauden Μεγαλεια Θεου 33 Mercy..oyls the wheels, and supplies the joynts, that Justice goes on with less cry and complaint.
1701 W. Temple Ess. Cure of Gout in Miscellanea: 1st Pt. (new ed.) 203 They drew down the Humours, and supplied [earlier edd. suppled] the Parts, thereby making the Passages wider.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.1420v.11384
v.2?c1400v.31534- shootserpent
- shootstructure
- shootthechute
- shootthread
- shootthrough and through
- shoottobacco
- shoottokill
- shoottrough
- shootup
- shootyarn
- shop
- shop and job
- shop around
- shop assistant
- shop attendant
- shop bell
- shop bench
- shop board
- shop book
- shop breaker
- shop business
- shop card
- shop class
- shop clerk
- shop cloth