sundownern.

Brit.

/ˈsʌnˌdaʊnə/, U.S.

/ˈsənˌdaʊnər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sundown n., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < sundown n. + -er suffix¹.

†1. Australian colloquial. A task which takes a whole day of strenuous manual labour to complete. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1846 C. P. Hodgson Reminisc. Austral. 303 This day's work is what is generally though not elegantly termed ‘eye-balling’, and its duration amounted in colonial phraseology, to a ‘Sundowner’, neither word is to be found I believe in an English dictionary, but both have very expressive meanings.

2. Australian and New Zealand colloquial. A tramp arriving at a sheep station, farm, etc., in the evening under the pretence of seeking work, so as to obtain food and shelter; esp. one who does this habitually or as a way of life. Also more generally: a tramp, a vagrant.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp

harlot?c1225

raikera1400

vacabond1404

vagrant1444

gangrela1450

briber?c1475

palliard1484

vagabondc1485

rogue1489

wavenger1493

hermit1495

gaberlunzie1508

knight of the field1508

loiterer1530

straggler1530

runagate1534

ruffler1535

hedge-creeper1548

Abraham man1567

cursitor1567

runner1567

walker1567

tinker1575

traveller1598

Tartar1602

stravagant1606

wagand1614

Circumcellion1623

meechera1625

hedge-bird1631

gaberlunzie man1649

tramp1664

stroller1681

jockey1685

bird of passage1717

randy1724

tramper1760

stalko1804

vagabondager1813

rintherout1814

piker1838

pikey1838

beachcomber1840

roadster1851

vagabondizer1860

roustabout1862

bum1864

migratory1866

potter1867

sundowner1868

vag1868

walkabout1872

transient1877

Murrumbidgee whaler1878

rouster1882

run-the-hedge1882

whaler1883

shaughraun1884

heather-cat1886

hobo1889

tussocker1889

gay cat1893

overlander1898

stake-man1899

stiff1899

bindle-stiff1900

dingbat1902

stew-bum1902

tired Tim (also Timothy)1906

skipper1925

Strandlooper1927

knight of the road1928

hobohemian1936

plain turkey1955

scrub turkey1955

derro1963

jakey1988

crusty1990

1868 Sydney Punch 14 Nov. 198 (heading) The song of the sundowner.

1870 Lictor (Sydney) 5 May 1 If anyone should doubt the distressed state of our laboring population..let him go into the country districts and note the numbers of unemployed who are wandering up and down seeking work, and living on charity, after allowing a fair per centage for ‘sundowners’.

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 26 Never a tramp was turned away empty-handed unless he was a well-known sundowner.

1899 C. E. Douglas in J. Pascoe Mr. Explorer Douglas (1957) 278 Another time, a white cockatoo travelled down the Coast, visiting every hut on the beaches like an experienced sundowner.

1928 M. Forrest Reaping Roses 41 He wondered where these sundowners slept when they came to town.

2012 Australian (Nexis) 2 Jan. 10 Some old sundowners have a mania for gathering, from selectors' and shearers' huts, and dust-heaps, heartbreaking loads of rubbish which can never be of any possible use to them.

3. Originally U.S. Navy slang. An officer who exercises overly strict discipline and control over his crew; a martinet. Later also gen.: a disciplinarian.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > strict officer

martinet1718

sundowner1882

1882 J. W. Miller & C. H. Harlow 9′–51″ 22 Sundowner.—A nautical term applied by irreverent subordinates to a commanding officer, who, when the ship was anchored at Cherbourg, ‘desired to give them every opportunity to visit Paris, but they must be aboard every day by sundown.’

1921 National Geogr. Mag. June 621/2 One of the ships of the American battle fleet was once classed as a bad ship because her captain was a notorious sun-downer—which may mean that he was tyrannical and unfair and may only mean that he was disliked.

1952 N.Y. Times 23 Nov. (Book Review section) 1/1 The Old Navy had terms for such a man as he—sun-downer, hard case, shellback... He believed in keeping men and ships up to the mark: he preferred a taut ship to a happy one.

2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon lx. 989 He raised us pretty good, and it was pretty tough on him after Mom died. But he can be a real sundowner. Gets all pissy when he sees me drink a beer.

4. U.S. colloquial. A person who works outside normal hours in addition to his or her regular employment; spec. a publicly employed doctor who practises privately after office hours. Cf. sundown n. Compounds 2, moonlighter n. 3. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > one who has more than one job

pluralist1794

sundowner1886

moonlighter1957

1886 Turf, Field & Farm 10 May 399/3 The night doctors gather the ‘stiffs’ and the ‘sundowners’ flourish around them with scalping knives.

1904 Sun (N.Y.) 14 Aug. 17 The Washington sundowner is so called because he practises a profession, usually medicine or dentistry, after the close of Government office hours, or after sundown.

1944 P. Kendall Dict. Service Slang (Army & Navy nurses slang) Sundowner, an M. D. in government employ who conducts a private practice after office hours.

1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Oct. c1 The sundowners usually sell the fruits and vegetables of their labors in farmers' markets.

a. An alcoholic drink taken at sunset or (more generally) in the early evening.Originally in British colonial use, esp. in Africa.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun] > a drink of > taken at night > specific at sunset

sundowner1909

1909 Daily Chron. 20 Oct. 6/7 The ‘sundowner’ refreshment of the West African late afternoon.

1932 E. Waugh Black Mischief viii. 298 I said we'd drop into the Brethertons for a sundowner.

1947 W. S. Maugham Creatures of Circumstance 37 See you again at six for a sun-downer.

1978 G. Greene Human Factor ii. iv. 86 He sits there on a hot evening swilling his sundowners without a care in the world.

2010 Field Feb. 61/3 Discussing Kontela's technique over a sundowner that evening, Craig Hamman put some science to the art.

b. An evening cocktail party. Cf. sundowner party n. at Compounds.Chiefly in South and East African use, originally in colonial contexts.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > drinking-party

potationa1500

symposium1711

wine-party1829

shout1854

wine1857

grog-fight1864

punch1871

grog1888

beer drink1895

cocktail party1903

cocktails1922

jollo1934

sherry party1936

shebeen1943

sundowner1944

wine and cheese (party, etc.)1961

kegger1966

sherry morning1976

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking times > evening drinks party

sundowner1944

1944 ‘Twede in Bevel’ Piet Kolonel 105 It will always be memorable that Mr. and Mrs. Ferdie Ballot threw open the doors of their house and cellar to all the officers of the Battalion on the occasion of a sundowner.

1971 D. Creed Trial of Lobo Icheka xv. 149 I'll throw a Sundowner at your place tonight... Invite anyone you feel I might like to meet.

2016 Sunday Nation (Nairobi) (Nexis) 29 May We surgeons are often approached for free consultations at social occasions like sundowners, lunch and dinner parties.

6. Originally and chiefly U.S.

a. In plural. Symptoms, such as disorientation, agitation, delusions, etc., that occur or increase significantly towards the end of the day or during the night in a person suffering from dementia. Now usually (in plural or the genitive): = sundowner syndrome n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > delusion > types of delusion

lycanthropy1584

cynanthropy1594

hob-thrush1658

wolf-madness1663

syphilomania1815

hippanthropy1847

zoanthropy1856

boanthropy1864

megalomania1885

plutomania1890

uranomania1890

micromania1892

delusions of grandeur1909

omnipotence1916

nihilism1927

apophenia1959

apophany1960

sundowner1974

sundowning1978

1974 R. J. Cadoret & L. J. King Psychiatry in Primary Care 227 Patients with organic brain syndrome often become more confused and develop delusions or hallucinations at night (so called ‘Sundowners’) and it is not unusual for families to report increased problems at night with such agitated, confused, hallucinating individuals.

1984 Aging & Senile Dementia (Pa. Dept. of Aging) vii. 7 The dementia patient will likely suffer from ‘sundowners’.

1991 Frontiers 12 136 ‘They all get sundowner's,’ says an aide. ‘Every night they lose it, and every morning some of them find it again.’

2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 14 Oct. 118/2 ‘Has he had any sundowners?’.. They were referring to that habit of walking, talking, howling all night—symptoms I had been reporting to John's doctor for several years.

2008 Daily Rec. (Baltimore) (Nexis) 19 Dec. People with Alzheimer's disease sometimes suffer from ‘sundowners’, a term for a sense of panic and confusion that grips them, often during the waning hours of the day.

2011 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Tribune (Nexis) 4 May 5 Up to 25 percent of all diagnosed Alzheimer's patients have been found to exhibit sundowner's as well.

b. A person suffering from sundowner syndrome.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > delusion > person

delusionist1845

sundowner1979

1979 Med. Econ. 24 Dec. 100/1 The most effective remedy is to have a relative spend the night with the patient... Failing that, the sundowner should be sedated at night by a little alcohol or by minor tranquilizers.

1999 NPR: Weekend All Things Considered (transcript of radio programme) (Nexis) 1 Aug. They're called sundowners because, as the sun goes down, their behavior becomes erratic.

2008 D. Kuhn & J. Verity Art Dementia Care iii. 38 Many other labels are even more dehumanizing, such as Wanderers, Feeders, Sundowners, and Screamers.

Compounds

sundowner party n. an evening cocktail party; cf. sense 5b.Originally in British colonial use; later used in some former British colonies, esp. in South and East Africa.

ΚΠ

1954 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Oct. 669/3 The Civil servants and business men whose sundowner parties are the focus of their lives.

1973 Cape Argus 24 Feb. (Mag.) 2 Bearing in mind some rather tart remarks made at last night's sundowner party, he made the forthright statement: ‘Mrs Smith very bad.’

2003 Afr. News (Nexis) 6 Oct. The minister was speaking during the Tea Board of Kenya's (TBK) annual sundowner party at a Nairobi hotel.

sundowner syndrome n. (also sundowner's syndrome, sundowners syndrome, sundowners' syndrome and with capital initials.) originally and chiefly U.S. a syndrome in which a person suffering from dementia (typically Alzheimer's in the middle stages) exhibits a marked increase in symptoms, such as disorientation, agitation, delusions, etc., towards the end of the day or during the night.

ΚΠ

1975 W. B. Miller in C. P. Rosenbaum & J. E. Beebe Psychiatric Treatm. xxx. 477/1 The so-called sundowner syndrome, where a hospitalized patient seems to have clear mentation during the day but as soon as the sun goes down (i.e., when both physical and social stimulation decrease) develops confusion and becomes a management problem.

1984 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 4 July d4/6 These meetings serve another..purpose: Here..a wife can moan about her husband's Sundowner's syndrome, the constant pacing and crying that prevents her from sleeping at night.

1997 D. Meyers Client Teaching Guides Home Health Care (ed. 2) 80/1 (list) The caregiver can list signs and symptoms of dementia... Sundowners syndrome (confusion increases at night).

2014 M. H. Manasco Introd. Neurogenic Communication Disorders ix. 214/2 Also common is sundowner syndrome... Individuals..may present as only mildly impaired during the daytime but then their cognitive and emotional state changes for the worse at nighttime.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sundowner
释义	sundownern. Brit. /ˈsʌnˌdaʊnə/, U.S. /ˈsənˌdaʊnər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sundown n., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < sundown n. + -er suffix¹. †1. Australian colloquial. A task which takes a whole day of strenuous manual labour to complete. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1846 C. P. Hodgson Reminisc. Austral. 303 This day's work is what is generally though not elegantly termed ‘eye-balling’, and its duration amounted in colonial phraseology, to a ‘Sundowner’, neither word is to be found I believe in an English dictionary, but both have very expressive meanings. 2. Australian and New Zealand colloquial. A tramp arriving at a sheep station, farm, etc., in the evening under the pretence of seeking work, so as to obtain food and shelter; esp. one who does this habitually or as a way of life. Also more generally: a tramp, a vagrant. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp harlot?c1225 raikera1400 vacabond1404 vagrant1444 gangrela1450 briber?c1475 palliard1484 vagabondc1485 rogue1489 wavenger1493 hermit1495 gaberlunzie1508 knight of the field1508 loiterer1530 straggler1530 runagate1534 ruffler1535 hedge-creeper1548 Abraham man1567 cursitor1567 runner1567 walker1567 tinker1575 traveller1598 Tartar1602 stravagant1606 wagand1614 Circumcellion1623 meechera1625 hedge-bird1631 gaberlunzie man1649 tramp1664 stroller1681 jockey1685 bird of passage1717 randy1724 tramper1760 stalko1804 vagabondager1813 rintherout1814 piker1838 pikey1838 beachcomber1840 roadster1851 vagabondizer1860 roustabout1862 bum1864 migratory1866 potter1867 sundowner1868 vag1868 walkabout1872 transient1877 Murrumbidgee whaler1878 rouster1882 run-the-hedge1882 whaler1883 shaughraun1884 heather-cat1886 hobo1889 tussocker1889 gay cat1893 overlander1898 stake-man1899 stiff1899 bindle-stiff1900 dingbat1902 stew-bum1902 tired Tim (also Timothy)1906 skipper1925 Strandlooper1927 knight of the road1928 hobohemian1936 plain turkey1955 scrub turkey1955 derro1963 jakey1988 crusty1990 1868 Sydney Punch 14 Nov. 198 (heading) The song of the sundowner. 1870 Lictor (Sydney) 5 May 1 If anyone should doubt the distressed state of our laboring population..let him go into the country districts and note the numbers of unemployed who are wandering up and down seeking work, and living on charity, after allowing a fair per centage for ‘sundowners’. 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 26 Never a tramp was turned away empty-handed unless he was a well-known sundowner. 1899 C. E. Douglas in J. Pascoe Mr. Explorer Douglas (1957) 278 Another time, a white cockatoo travelled down the Coast, visiting every hut on the beaches like an experienced sundowner. 1928 M. Forrest Reaping Roses 41 He wondered where these sundowners slept when they came to town. 2012 Australian (Nexis) 2 Jan. 10 Some old sundowners have a mania for gathering, from selectors' and shearers' huts, and dust-heaps, heartbreaking loads of rubbish which can never be of any possible use to them. 3. Originally U.S. Navy slang. An officer who exercises overly strict discipline and control over his crew; a martinet. Later also gen.: a disciplinarian. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] > strict officer martinet1718 sundowner1882 1882 J. W. Miller & C. H. Harlow 9′–51″ 22 Sundowner.—A nautical term applied by irreverent subordinates to a commanding officer, who, when the ship was anchored at Cherbourg, ‘desired to give them every opportunity to visit Paris, but they must be aboard every day by sundown.’ 1921 National Geogr. Mag. June 621/2 One of the ships of the American battle fleet was once classed as a bad ship because her captain was a notorious sun-downer—which may mean that he was tyrannical and unfair and may only mean that he was disliked. 1952 N.Y. Times 23 Nov. (Book Review section) 1/1 The Old Navy had terms for such a man as he—sun-downer, hard case, shellback... He believed in keeping men and ships up to the mark: he preferred a taut ship to a happy one. 2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon lx. 989 He raised us pretty good, and it was pretty tough on him after Mom died. But he can be a real sundowner. Gets all pissy when he sees me drink a beer. 4. U.S. colloquial. A person who works outside normal hours in addition to his or her regular employment; spec. a publicly employed doctor who practises privately after office hours. Cf. sundown n. Compounds 2, moonlighter n. 3. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > one who has more than one job pluralist1794 sundowner1886 moonlighter1957 1886 Turf, Field & Farm 10 May 399/3 The night doctors gather the ‘stiffs’ and the ‘sundowners’ flourish around them with scalping knives. 1904 Sun (N.Y.) 14 Aug. 17 The Washington sundowner is so called because he practises a profession, usually medicine or dentistry, after the close of Government office hours, or after sundown. 1944 P. Kendall Dict. Service Slang (Army & Navy nurses slang) Sundowner, an M. D. in government employ who conducts a private practice after office hours. 1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Oct. c1 The sundowners usually sell the fruits and vegetables of their labors in farmers' markets. 5. a. An alcoholic drink taken at sunset or (more generally) in the early evening.Originally in British colonial use, esp. in Africa. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun] > a drink of > taken at night > specific at sunset sundowner1909 1909 Daily Chron. 20 Oct. 6/7 The ‘sundowner’ refreshment of the West African late afternoon. 1932 E. Waugh Black Mischief viii. 298 I said we'd drop into the Brethertons for a sundowner. 1947 W. S. Maugham Creatures of Circumstance 37 See you again at six for a sun-downer. 1978 G. Greene Human Factor ii. iv. 86 He sits there on a hot evening swilling his sundowners without a care in the world. 2010 Field Feb. 61/3 Discussing Kontela's technique over a sundowner that evening, Craig Hamman put some science to the art. b. An evening cocktail party. Cf. sundowner party n. at Compounds.Chiefly in South and East African use, originally in colonial contexts. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > drinking-party potationa1500 symposium1711 wine-party1829 shout1854 wine1857 grog-fight1864 punch1871 grog1888 beer drink1895 cocktail party1903 cocktails1922 jollo1934 sherry party1936 shebeen1943 sundowner1944 wine and cheese (party, etc.)1961 kegger1966 sherry morning1976 the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking times > evening drinks party sundowner1944 1944 ‘Twede in Bevel’ Piet Kolonel 105 It will always be memorable that Mr. and Mrs. Ferdie Ballot threw open the doors of their house and cellar to all the officers of the Battalion on the occasion of a sundowner. 1971 D. Creed Trial of Lobo Icheka xv. 149 I'll throw a Sundowner at your place tonight... Invite anyone you feel I might like to meet. 2016 Sunday Nation (Nairobi) (Nexis) 29 May We surgeons are often approached for free consultations at social occasions like sundowners, lunch and dinner parties. 6. Originally and chiefly U.S. a. In plural. Symptoms, such as disorientation, agitation, delusions, etc., that occur or increase significantly towards the end of the day or during the night in a person suffering from dementia. Now usually (in plural or the genitive): = sundowner syndrome n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > delusion > types of delusion lycanthropy1584 cynanthropy1594 hob-thrush1658 wolf-madness1663 syphilomania1815 hippanthropy1847 zoanthropy1856 boanthropy1864 megalomania1885 plutomania1890 uranomania1890 micromania1892 delusions of grandeur1909 omnipotence1916 nihilism1927 apophenia1959 apophany1960 sundowner1974 sundowning1978 1974 R. J. Cadoret & L. J. King Psychiatry in Primary Care 227 Patients with organic brain syndrome often become more confused and develop delusions or hallucinations at night (so called ‘Sundowners’) and it is not unusual for families to report increased problems at night with such agitated, confused, hallucinating individuals. 1984 Aging & Senile Dementia (Pa. Dept. of Aging) vii. 7 The dementia patient will likely suffer from ‘sundowners’. 1991 Frontiers 12 136 ‘They all get sundowner's,’ says an aide. ‘Every night they lose it, and every morning some of them find it again.’ 2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 14 Oct. 118/2 ‘Has he had any sundowners?’.. They were referring to that habit of walking, talking, howling all night—symptoms I had been reporting to John's doctor for several years. 2008 Daily Rec. (Baltimore) (Nexis) 19 Dec. People with Alzheimer's disease sometimes suffer from ‘sundowners’, a term for a sense of panic and confusion that grips them, often during the waning hours of the day. 2011 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Tribune (Nexis) 4 May 5 Up to 25 percent of all diagnosed Alzheimer's patients have been found to exhibit sundowner's as well. b. A person suffering from sundowner syndrome. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > delusion > person delusionist1845 sundowner1979 1979 Med. Econ. 24 Dec. 100/1 The most effective remedy is to have a relative spend the night with the patient... Failing that, the sundowner should be sedated at night by a little alcohol or by minor tranquilizers. 1999 NPR: Weekend All Things Considered (transcript of radio programme) (Nexis) 1 Aug. They're called sundowners because, as the sun goes down, their behavior becomes erratic. 2008 D. Kuhn & J. Verity Art Dementia Care iii. 38 Many other labels are even more dehumanizing, such as Wanderers, Feeders, Sundowners, and Screamers. Compounds sundowner party n. an evening cocktail party; cf. sense 5b.Originally in British colonial use; later used in some former British colonies, esp. in South and East Africa. ΚΠ 1954 Times Lit. Suppl. 22 Oct. 669/3 The Civil servants and business men whose sundowner parties are the focus of their lives. 1973 Cape Argus 24 Feb. (Mag.) 2 Bearing in mind some rather tart remarks made at last night's sundowner party, he made the forthright statement: ‘Mrs Smith very bad.’ 2003 Afr. News (Nexis) 6 Oct. The minister was speaking during the Tea Board of Kenya's (TBK) annual sundowner party at a Nairobi hotel. sundowner syndrome n. (also sundowner's syndrome, sundowners syndrome, sundowners' syndrome and with capital initials.) originally and chiefly U.S. a syndrome in which a person suffering from dementia (typically Alzheimer's in the middle stages) exhibits a marked increase in symptoms, such as disorientation, agitation, delusions, etc., towards the end of the day or during the night. ΚΠ 1975 W. B. Miller in C. P. Rosenbaum & J. E. Beebe Psychiatric Treatm. xxx. 477/1 The so-called sundowner syndrome, where a hospitalized patient seems to have clear mentation during the day but as soon as the sun goes down (i.e., when both physical and social stimulation decrease) develops confusion and becomes a management problem. 1984 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 4 July d4/6 These meetings serve another..purpose: Here..a wife can moan about her husband's Sundowner's syndrome, the constant pacing and crying that prevents her from sleeping at night. 1997 D. Meyers Client Teaching Guides Home Health Care (ed. 2) 80/1 (list) The caregiver can list signs and symptoms of dementia... Sundowners syndrome (confusion increases at night). 2014 M. H. Manasco Introd. Neurogenic Communication Disorders ix. 214/2 Also common is sundowner syndrome... Individuals..may present as only mildly impaired during the daytime but then their cognitive and emotional state changes for the worse at nighttime. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1846
随便看	to rax out to rax up to raze to the ground to reach a crescendo to reach bottom to reach for one's etc to reach for one's gun to reach for one's revolver to reach for the etc to reach for the roof to reach for the sky to reach for the stars to reach rock bottom to reach the extent to reach the podium to reach to to reach to vomit to reach up to read a lecture to read a lesson or lecture to read a person a lecture to read a person's lips to read a person's mind to read aloud to read and sing