suppressionn.

Brit.

/səˈprɛʃn/, U.S.

/səˈprɛʃən/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s suppressyon, late Middle English– suppression, 1500s–1600s supression, 1600s subpression; Scottish pre-1700 suppressioun, pre-1700 1700s– suppression.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French suppression; Latin suppressiōn-, suppressiō.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French suppression (French suppression ) action of putting down a person, group, community, etc., by the use of force or authority (1468), action of suspending an official (1482), cessation of the normal excretion, secretion, or discharge of a body fluid (1575 in Paré; 1740 with specific reference to menstruation), withholding or withdrawal from publication or the public sphere (1636; now obsolete), omission of a letter from a word, or of a word, phrase, or other element from a sentence (1690; earlier in uncertain sense in Latin–French glossaries, glossing classical Latin suppressiō (c1380)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin suppressiōn-, suppressiō action of pressing down, state of being pressed down, unlawful retention (of money) for personal use, in post-classical Latin also concealment (5th cent.), oppression (13th cent. in a British source), act of putting a stop to, repression, dissolution of a religious house (from 15th cent. in British sources), retention (of urine) (1529 or earlier) < suppress- , past participial stem of supprimere suppress v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish supresión (end of the 15th cent.).In sense 2 probably by confusion with impression n. In the specific uses in psychology and psychoanalysis (see senses 10a and 10b) probably after German Unterdrückung (1863 (in W. Wundt) or earlier in psychology, 1895 (in J. Breuer & S. Freud Studien über Hysterie) or earlier in psychoanalysis). Compare suppress v. 2a, and also repression n. 2c. In sense 9b after suppress v. 8.

a. The action of putting down a person, group, community, etc., by the use of force or authority; reduction to a state of impotence or inactivity.With the (and sometimes with capital initial): the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII under two Acts (1536, 1539).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression

suppressingc1400

repression?a1425

oppressionc1430

repressing1431

suppression1487

nithering1489

repressa1500

abolition1529

abolishment1538

abolishing?1540

repressal1593

suppressal1612

compressure1644

repressment1837

crackdown1935

1487 W. Caxton tr. J. Legrand Bk. Good Maners iii. viii. sig. fiii^v The tyrant seketh..the suppressyon of the people.

1525 T. Wolsey Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) II. 18 The Suppression of certain exile and small Monasteries.

1536 J. Husee Let. 6 Sept. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/4/117) f. 149 Yo^r lordship can haue no more rent than the kyng hathe, which is syns the suppression.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 35 b After that victorie and suppression of the Rebels.

1699 tr. J. de La Bruyère Characters 233 His great design was to establish the Authority of the Prince, and the Safety of the People, by the suppression of the Nobility.

1753 Universal Mag. July 25/1 The suppression of Deans and Chapters was voted.

1784 W. Strickland in B. Ward Dawn Catholic Revival (1909) I. 78 On the suppression of the Society of Jesus.

1833 Niles' Weekly Reg. 8 June 236/2 The papers..contain the proclamation of the lord lieutenant, for the suppression of the Irish volunteers.

1885 J. Hawthorne Love or Name ix. 99 In other countries than America, it [sc. politics] was the appanage of the great, and was applied mainly to the suppression of the masses.

1889 F. A. Gasquet Henry VIII & Eng. Monasteries II. xi. 457 There were some 8,081 religious of all orders at the time of the suppression in England.

1921 Pacific Rev. 1 176 The formation of a new German ministry..resulted in fresh negotiations with the allies, the suppression of the communists, [etc.].

1966 F. Schurmann Ideol. & Organization Communist China (1968) Introd. 7 The authority of the pater familias in the past depended on the suppression of women.

2009 Independent (Nexis) 12 Nov. 38 We can huff and..puff about..Burmese government intransigence, China's suppression of its ethnic minorities, but there is..probably not much we can..do about it.

b. The action of putting an end to or prohibiting an action, practice, movement, etc., or of putting down a rebellion or the like by the use of force or authority.Also: the action of extinguishing (a fire); (now rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > crushing, stifling, or overwhelming

quench?c1225

stanchingc1400

suppressingc1400

suppression1528

suffocation1567

crushing1580

suffocating1621

pulverization1643

overwhelming1645

depression1656

stifling1805

burking1827

spiflication1839

restinction1891

stamping1897

submergence1898

snuffing1922

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression > of customs, movements, etc.

suppressingc1400

suppression1528

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. 250/2 He magnifyeth baptisme but to the supression of penance & of al good liuing.

1552 T. Wilson Rule of Reason (rev. ed.) sig. Oiij The firste suppression of the Popes whole power.

1574 Homilies ii. Agst. Rebell. 617 (heading) The suppression of the last rebellion.

1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois iv. 47 My loue (Like to a fire disdaining his suppression) Rag'd being discourag'd.

1657 T. Wall Comment on Times 42 To read their own shame in the suppression of mischief fruitlessly attempted.

1737 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 267 The Suppression of Play-houses.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. ii. 392 The suppression of twenty shilling notes, would probably relieve it [sc. the scarcity of gold and silver] .

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 237 The extension of the dominion and the wealth of the church, and the suppression of heresy.

1838 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 1 286 The engines..are all provided with the following useful articles, adapted not merely to the suppression of fire, but to the saving of human life [etc.].

1886 Cambr. Rev. 1 Dec. 128/1 Racing seemed to have a good effect upon the horses.., but its effect upon men called for its suppression.

1890 Athenæum 8 Mar. 310/1 The suppression of piracy and decapitating expeditions.

1943 J. S. Huxley Evol. Ethics vii. 59 The suppression of free speech and inquiry.

1971 H. Macmillan Riding Storm ix. 288 The terrible events in Hungary and the brutal suppression of the popular movement in November 1956.

2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Mar. a1/2 The Dalai Lama..called for an international inquiry into the suppression of protests there [sc. in Tibet].

c. Withholding or withdrawal from publication or the public sphere; prevention or prohibition of the circulation of a book, release of a film, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keeping from publication > [noun]

censorship1591

suppressing1591

reservation1612

suppression1628

no names, no pack drill1903

blackout1941

1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 83 Their Licensing..of these Popish Deuotions..and their suppression of all such bookes, as giue any answere to them.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1674 (1955) IV. 41 The noise of this books suppression, made it be presently bought up.

1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 510/2 A Letter to Sir John Fielding, Knight, occasioned by his extraordinary request to Mr. Garrick for the suppression of the Beggar's Opera.

1791 Monthly Rev. 5 535 Their endeavours to procure the suppression of such books as oppose their system of orthodoxy, and promote a free and rational inquiry into religious truth.

1828 Foreign Q. Rev. 2 652 Gratarol..fancying himself ridiculed, endeavoured..to obtain of the senate the suppression of the play.

1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 531 Thus I think it is clearly the duty of the state to exercise its authority in the suppression of injurious books, papers, and advertisements.

1915 A. Huxley Let. Nov. (1969) 85 An odd business..the suppression of..The Rainbow. It is always the serious books that get sat on.

1978 Mother Jones Dec. 29/1 The major objective, the suppression of the film, seemed to have been accomplished.

2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 9 Dec. (Business section) 1 Addressing the controversy created by the report's suppression,..[he] said the..investigation..was never designed to provide taxpayers with an explanation for the bank's collapse.

†2. Impression, effect. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun]

workinga1382

impression1390

actiona1398

affection1489

suppressiona1500

operation1525

influence1598

effect1608

manage1608

solicitation1626

attingency1642

influx1644

influency1651

incidence1656

attingence1678

influencing1754

impact1817

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xxvii. f. 22 (MED) This holy men..had more suppression and more heuenly hete receyved be vertue of that preciows blood than this þat come so long tyme aftir.

3. Medicine and Physiology.

a. Complete or partial cessation of urination or menstruation; an instance of this. In early use also: †difficult or painful urination or menstruation (obsolete). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > stoppage or arrest

suppression1564

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > retention of urine

suppression1564

piss-supprest1610

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > difficulty in urination

dysury1398

chaudpissea1400

strangurya1400

droppell-piss1527

strangullion1530

strangurion1547

suppression1564

drop-piss1578

hot piss1578

pain-piss1614

ischuria1675

paruria1822

1564 P. Moore Hope of Health ii. ix. f. xxxvij It is also good againste the stone and suppression of vrine.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxii. xxv. 143 It amendeth the suppression or difficultie of voiding urine [L. urinae difficultates..corrigit].

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 336 Oftentimes vpon the suppression of their courses their bellies swell and they thinke they are conceiued.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. iv. 121 Simon Pauli gave it in Suppression of Urine.

1784 S. Johnson Let. 26 June (1994) IV. 336 Macbean, after three days of illness, is dead of a suppression of urine.

1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. ii. iv. 284 The cessation of renal activity, the so-called suppression of urine.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xxv. 327 The symptoms rapidly become more severe; a subnormal temperature, profuse diarrhœa with rice-water stools, suppression of urine, cramps and toxæmia are found.

2011 Urology 77 270/2 A tumor, a stone, or benign prostatic hyperplasia caused initial strangury (difficult and painful urination), which intensified day by day, reaching ischury (suppression of urine) and finally complete retention accompanied by unbearable pain.

b. More generally: cessation, abolition, or inhibition of a physiological or pathological process, the functioning of an organ, the secretion of a hormone, etc.; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > state of being healable or curable > capacity for being suppressed

suppression1583

suppressibility1870

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > disorders of fluid secretions

redounding?1541

suppression1583

glut1597

fluctuation1620

grumousness1676

stasis1745

remora1782

hyperosmolarity1947

hyperosmolality1959

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > cessation of breathing

suppression1684

apnoea1719

sleep apnœa1976

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xxxiii. 123 In this disease you must beginne the cure with letting of blood, specially if the euill be engendred of suppression of hemorhoides or menstruis, and if age and strength will suffer it.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke ii. vi. sig. S It doth corroborate by his Balsamical vertue,..supplying vunto it al meanes, not onely for defence, but also for expulsion and suppression of al diseases.

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 24 Apnœa is a suppression of Respiration, either wholly, or at least to Sense.

1762 J. Ball Mod. Pract. Physic (ed. 2) II. xxxv. 207 But there are Jaundices not caused by suppression, but from a redundancy of bile, because some people naturally make more bile than others.

1785 Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 538 A sudden suppression of perspiration was followed by a return of her complaints with redoubled violence, and some paralytic symptoms.

1830 W. Mackenzie Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye ii. 88 Xeroma or dryness of the eye, from suppression of the secretion of the lachrymal gland, is not so much a disease existing by itself, as a symptom of various other diseases.

1860 C. Murchison tr. F. T. Frerichs Clin. Treat. Dis. Liver I. v. 193 (heading) Suppression of the function of the liver.

1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. v. 116 With prolonged administration of cortical hormones or of ACTH, it is stated that mitotic figures in the lymph nodes become infrequent, and the involution of the lymphatic organs may be due to suppression of lymphocytopoiesis.

1976 Pathol. Ann. 11 56 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be acquired in utero, or by persons in states of immune deficiency or suppression.

1999 C. Dolan Ascension Day (2000) vi. 120 Mum, trying to be businesslike, quizzed Morag about blood counts and bone marrow suppression and other such matters.

2011 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Mar. 34/3 In normal people the brainwave known as the mu wave undergoes suppression any time a person makes a voluntary movement or watches another perform the same movement.

a. The action or process of keeping something secret; refusal to disclose or reveal. Also: an instance of this. Cf. sense 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > [noun]

coverture1393

laina1400

coveringc1400

palliation?c1425

lainingc1440

lonea1450

hudder-mudder1461

hugger-mugger1529

concealment1565

celation1567

hugger1576

burial1596

smothering1602

suppression1651

disguisal1652

hugger-mug1654

latitancy1701

cover-up1927

wraps1939

the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > connotation > [noun] > implied or understood meaning > act of leaving unexpressed

suppression1651

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [noun] > ellipticalness

suppression1651

ellipticalness1681

stuntness1871

telegraphese1885

telegramese1894

1651 C. Barksdale tr. H. Grotius Authority Highest Powers sig. Y4 Suppression of unprofitable questions. And of words not found in Scripture.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. iv. 222 The incident was too extraordinary..to have any chance of suppression.

1837 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Bacon in Ess. (1843) II. 284 Unpardonable distortions and suppressions of facts.

1848 Calcutta Rev. 10 481 The charges..may be reduced to three classes; First,—obtaining evidence by unjustifiable means; Secondly, the suppression of evidence, [etc.].

1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 142 Homer, like Shakespeare, is remarkable for the suppression of himself.

1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child i. iii. 39 Proving to her, by the exhibition of his virtues and the careful suppression of his defects..that here was her mate, the man nature had set apart for her.

1957 A. E. Stevenson New Amer. III. viii. 203 There is today greater suppression of public information by the national government than there has ever before been in the history of this country, except in time of war.

2010 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Mar. 34 The suppression of truth at the heart of the abuse scandal will bewilder the Catholic faithful.

b. The restraint, holding back, or stifling (of an utterance, emotion, etc.). Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [noun] > restraint or stifling of expression

suppression1706

suppressing1711

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [noun] > constraint or suppression

self-restraint1656

self-limitation1692

constraint1706

suppression1706

self-repression1821

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > quality of not manifesting emotion > suppression of emotion

suppression1861

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Suppression, the Act of Suppressing, Smothering, &c.

1751 H. Walpole Let. 21 Mar. (1857) II. 244 He [sc. a thrush] had dangerous suppressions of breath.

1790 W. Beckford Descr. Acct. Jamaica II. 130 I should be sorry..to advance one word that could, in any instance, tend to the suppression of a sigh in their particular favour.

1829 N. P. Willis in N.-Y. Mirror 2 May 340/1 His breast Heaving with the suppression of a cry.

1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner i. 14 The self-complacent suppression of inward triumph that lurked in the narrow slanting eyes and compressed lips.

1869 A. Helps Realmah xvii. 496 In that beautiful woman's eyes there came that mist which rises before tears, or upon the conquest and suppression of tears.

1908 Strand Mag. 35 432/2 Up in the tree Tom and Mabel were almost fainting from suppression of laughter.

1963 S. S. Tomkins Affect Imagery Consciousness II. xix. 274 It has too often been supposed that the suppression of anger is necessarily the primary problem in the handling of humiliation.

1999 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 5 June Must we consider the suppression of the yawn as a measure of etiquette or should the yawn have free play?

c. Grammar. The omission of a word, phrase, or other element from a sentence; an instance of this. Also Rhetoric: a device where something is left unsaid (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > ellipsis

ellipsis1621

suppression1728

prosiopesis1922

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Suppression, in Grammar, an Omission of certain Words in a Sentence, which yet are necessary to a full and perfect Construction.

1749 J. Mason Ess. Power & Harmony Prosaic Numbers 63 A seasonable Silence, or imperfect Speech (a Figure which the Rhetoricians call a Suppression).

1806 D. Booth Introd. Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. 89 It is this substitution or suppression of the Noun, that has led some French Etymologists to derive on from I'homme, a man.

1852 J. Mulligan Expos. Grammatical Struct. Eng. Lang. 356 The suppression of a conjunctive pronoun, when it serves any other function, except that of objective, is..very rare, and not to be imitated.

1902 H. G. Atkins & L. É. Kastner Goethe's Poems 108 Frequent repetition of words or verses;..the suppression of the article, the placing of the adjective after the substantive [etc.].

1986 R. D. Smith Syntactic Quicksand 329 Suppression is a rhetorical device where words are unspoken because the speaker is unable to utter them.

2000 P. V. Jones & K. C. Sidwell Independent Study Guide to reading Lat. iv. 145 The suppression of the verb is common in passages like this, where several spoken exchanges are reported.

†5. Chemistry. The application of fire or heat from above. Only in fire (or heat) of suppression. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > [noun] > by specific means

fire (or heat) of suppression1663

steam-heating1835

solar heating1903

1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. ii. App. 352 At length intend your fire till the bottom of the Retort be glowing hot, and heap also at last quick coals upon the sand round about the Retort to give, as it were, a fire of Suppression.

1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. 79 The blood raising up heat within the bosoms, is like the fire of suppression, which in the distillation by descent, is inkindled round about the Vessel containing the matter to be distilled.

1682 G. Hartman Digby's Choice Coll. Rare Secrets 27 Put all into a Retort, and distill it in Sand, with a heat of Suppression, so that the ∆ above be stronger than that below.

1789 Edinb. New Dispensatory (ed. 2) i. ii. 84 An earthen or coated glass one, may be worked in the naked fire, or with what is called a fire of suppression.

†6. Astronomy. The lowering of the apparent position of a star in the sky as a result of atmospheric effects. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] > an optical illusion > optical distortions

refraction1698

suppression1702

aerial perspective1704

irradiation1834

double image1880

barrel distortion1889

pincushion distortion1892

Poggendorff illusion1898

Ponzo illusion1942

pincushioning1947

space myopia1962

pincushion1968

Müller-Lyer1972

1702 V. Mandey tr. J. J. Hainlin Synopsis Mathematica: Astron. ii. v. 353 Refraction, is the Elevation or Suppression of any Star by reason of..the Vapors Elevating themselves from the Earthly Globe.

7. Prosody. The process by which an unstressed syllable is lightly accented or elided in order to conform to the prevailing metrical pattern; an instance of this.Now usually known as demotion; cf. promotion n. 1h.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > specific

rhetorical accent1728

suppression1751

recession1855

thought accent1897

stress maximum1908

fall-rise1921

promotion1956

paroxytonization1973

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > lowering or raising of normal stress

suppression1751

promotion1956

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. 157 The great peculiarity of Milton's versification..is the elision of one vowel before another, or the suppression of the last syllable of a word ending with a vowel.

1850 W. N. Lettsom tr. Fall of Nibelungers Pref. p.xxix Though written as one long line, it is treated..as two short ones, and consequently admits the suppression of the unaccented syllable at the beginning of each of its two parts.

1956 S. Chatman in Kenyon Rev. 18 424 What I have called ‘metrical tension’ can conveniently be described as ‘promotions’ or ‘suppressions’ of the stress levels of normal non-verse speech under the pressures of the abstract metrical pattern.

1973 Word 1970 26 55 These examples, from Prator, illustrate suppression and promotion respectively.

1995 A. Holder Rethinking Meter i. 27 First, we have the suppression, or ‘demotion’ (the technical term), of a syllable—‘Ah’—which..would seem to call for stress out of expressive considerations.

8. Chiefly Botany. Absence or non-development of some part or organ normally or typically present; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [noun] > suppression or non-growth

suppression1824

1824 J. E. Smith Eng. Flora I. 5 This may arise from occasional suppression of some pistils, often incident to plants of a simple structure, and indeed to all plants when the source of nourishment is weakened.

1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §647 Suppression is liable to occur in all the parts of plants, and gives rise to various abnormalities.

1915 R. Marloth Flora S. Afr. IV. 18 The typical structure of the spikelet is often obscured by the modification, reduction or suppression of certain parts, and especially the suppression of flowers.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xxi. 659 With few exceptions mammals are quadrupeds. Only in the whales, dolphins..and in the sea-cows (Sirenia ) is there a suppression of the hind-legs, connected, of course, with the fact that these mammals live in water.

1993 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 80 295 Genetic analysis has shown that suppression of stamens and pistils takes place by means of separate genetic pathways.

2006 S. R. Ringer in C. C. Ainsworth Flowering & its Manip. v. 104 Suppression of organs, particularly leaf-like organs, can have phylogenetic significance.

a. Prevention or inhibition of an action or phenomenon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun]

withsetting1340

arrestc1400

stanchingc1400

prevention1447

forbarringc1449

stop1544

preventing1563

stopple1578

cohibition1586

intercepting1598

stonda1604

attachment1609

preclusion1616

antevertinga1656

aversion1664

interpellation1814

suppression1859

stemming1914

1859 Proc. Royal Soc. 10 75 The suppression of all, or nearly all the blue, indigo, and violet portion of the spectrum.

1904 Motor 28 June 606/1 He did not foresee that motor engineers..were quite capable of successfully attacking so simple a task as the suppression of noise.

1945 Electronic Engin. 17 455 Resulting in better damping of the receiver diaphragm and consequently suppression of the effects of resonance.

1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxv. 72 Up to 80 dB suppression of signals from other radar transmitters..at a different operating frequency.

2007 W. Lowrie Fund. Geophysics (ed. 2) iii. 143/2 The instrument should respond to a wide range of frequencies in the ground motion, without preferential amplification or excessive suppression of frequencies.

b. Prevention of electrical interference.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > prevention of interference > [noun]

protection1890

suppression1930

1930 Pop. Mech. 30 June 946/1 For radio-equipped automobiles, resistors for the suppression of interference from ignition systems now are being produced.

1964 R. F. Ficchi Electr. Interference vii. 110 Capacitors are used when suppression is required on two commutator motors.

1992 RS Components: Electronic & Electr. Products July 997/1 Metallised polyester film capacitors, epoxy encapsulated in flame-retardant plastic cases, specifically designed for 250 V r.m.s. mains interference suppression.

2003 T. Gorman Scale Model Ship Propulsion iv. 39/2 It is therefore sensible for all motors to be fitted with radio suppression equipment.

10.

a. Psychology. Inhibition or reduction of a neural, psychological, or behavioural activity or reaction; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > restraint by more powerful force

suppression1894

1894 J. E. Creighton & E. B. Titchener tr. W. M. Wundt Lect. Human & Animal Psychol. 206 It may sometimes be observed that these phenomena of suppression do not extend to the entire image.

1951 T. C. Ruch in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. v. 172/2 Suppression exists in two forms. The first is termed ‘suppression of motor activity’..and the second form is ‘suppression of electrical activity’.

1971 K. H. Pribram Lang. of Brain vii. 138 Thus some sort of suppression of responsiveness must occur when an imbalance in the ordinary mode of excitation is produced, and their suppression exceeds the malfunction produced solely by disuse.

1974 J. W. Atkinson & D. Birch in J. W. Atkinson & J. O. Raynor Motivation & Achievement xv. 274 The impact of some feature of the immediate environment is not so much an instigation to activity as the opposite, suppression of an activity.

2002 P. Willner & P. J. Mitchell in H. A. H. D'Haenen et al. Biol. Psychiatry II. xviii-1. 707/2 A long-term (7 weeks) suppression of home-cage locomotor activity has been reported following a single shock session.

b. Psychoanalysis. The action or process whereby unacceptable thoughts, memories, or desires are dealt with by deliberately eliminating them from consciousness.Sometimes contrasted with repression, which is usually considered an unconscious process. Cf. repression n. 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > repression

suppression1896

resistance1905

repression1909

scotomization1927

1896 G. F. Stout Analytic Psychol. II. 148 The avoidance of conflict may take place in one of two modes. Either the whole line of thought is abandoned.., or it proceeds through the mere suppression of one of the antagonist groups, by the superior strength of the other.

1910 I. H. Coriat Abnormal Psychol. i. iv. 66 Suppression of certain memories or experiences having a strong emotional meaning can lead to hysterical symptoms.

1913 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Interpretation of Dreams 68 The psychic energy accumulated during the day through inhibition or suppression becomes the main-spring of the dream at night.

1955 E. Mosbacher tr. S. Ferenczi Final Contrib. Psycho-anal. iv. 265 With suppression one does not feel the pain, only the effort which is necessary to ‘alienate over’ the pain. With repression one does not even feel this any longer.

2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Feb. 48 An invitation to readers to ask themselves how much Freudian repression they have observed in themselves and their acquaintances—as opposed to conscious suppression, denial, self-deception,..and other sources of self-blindness.

11. Genetics. Total or partial restoration of the original phenotypic expression of a mutated gene by a second mutation occurring at a different site (or, esp. in early use, by a chromosomal duplication, etc.); an instance of this. Cf. suppressor n. 2.

ΚΠ

1932 Amer. Naturalist 66 323 Several cases in which the principal effect was the suppression of a particular mutant character in Drosophila melanogaster have been reviewed or described in a preliminary way.

1952 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 38 44 A mutation arose which resulted in suppression of a pyrimidine requirement in three mutants presumed to be allelic.

1989 N. V. Fedoroff in D. E. Berg & M. M. Howe Mobile DNA xiv. 397/2 As noted earlier, the element sequences that mediate suppression of gene expression are near element ends.

2002 D. Moore & L. N. Frazer Essent. Fungal Genetics 90 Suppression due to a second forward mutation in the same gene (called intragenic suppression) is generally caused by a second mutation re-establishing the correct reading frame in a strain carrying a frame-shift mutation.

Compounds

C1. attributive with the sense ‘of, relating to, or advocating suppression’.

ΚΠ

1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London III. vii. 199 These suppression chaps intend to enforce the penal statute, and compel us to go to church!

1883 G. W. Rusden Hist. New Zealand II. xiii. 356 The Governor, forgetful of the suppression laws,..argued that as a rule public men in the colony had been temperate in times of excitement.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 2 July 2/1 In favour of a rigorous suppression policy.

1975 L. R. Jeppson et al. Mites Injurious to Econ. Plants xiii. 465 Another suppression method is to select mite resistant cotton varieties for planting.

2010 V. Felbab-Brown Shooting Up vi. 171 Successful suppression policies should cause prices [of marijuana] to rise and consumption to fall.

C2.

suppression order n. a directive ordering the suppression of something; (now esp.) (chiefly Australian and New Zealand) a court or government order preventing the public disclosure of information relating to particular legal proceedings; cf. gagging order n. at gagging adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1871 N.Y. Times 23 July 1/3 (heading) A defense of Gov. Hoffmann by his Inspector-General—how the governor was informed of the suppression order.

1936 Mail (Adelaide) 28 Nov. 9/4 A report from the Crown Law authorities as to the power of a magistrate to make a suppression order in the circumstances surrounding this particular case.

1980 Crisis Apr. 150/1 It was Trumbul's [sic] telegram to President Lincoln that prevented the violence and convinced the President to set aside the suppression order.

2005 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 25 July 10 Several weeks ago, a High Court judge lifted a suppression order in a high-profile case because the order had been widely flouted on the internet.

Derivatives

suˈppressionist n. an advocate of suppression.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression > advocate of

suppressionist1829

repressionist1860

1829 H. Smith New Forest II. v. 131 Although the goodnatured Dr. Dotterel had provided a bonfire for the amusement of the fair-going urchins, he was too staunch a suppressionist to be present.

1913 H. G. Wells Passionate Friends x. 311 The reactionaries and suppressionists who would stifle the discussion of the woman's position and crush out her hopes of emancipation.

2002 Chron. Higher Educ. (Nexis) 22 Feb. 11 Students..who questioned whether unbelief should be taught in a department of religion were decried as suppressionists and censors inhibiting the free flow of ideas.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	suppression
释义	suppressionn. Brit. /səˈprɛʃn/, U.S. /səˈprɛʃən/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s suppressyon, late Middle English– suppression, 1500s–1600s supression, 1600s subpression; Scottish pre-1700 suppressioun, pre-1700 1700s– suppression. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French suppression; Latin suppressiōn-, suppressiō. Etymology: < (i) Middle French suppression (French suppression ) action of putting down a person, group, community, etc., by the use of force or authority (1468), action of suspending an official (1482), cessation of the normal excretion, secretion, or discharge of a body fluid (1575 in Paré; 1740 with specific reference to menstruation), withholding or withdrawal from publication or the public sphere (1636; now obsolete), omission of a letter from a word, or of a word, phrase, or other element from a sentence (1690; earlier in uncertain sense in Latin–French glossaries, glossing classical Latin suppressiō (c1380)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin suppressiōn-, suppressiō action of pressing down, state of being pressed down, unlawful retention (of money) for personal use, in post-classical Latin also concealment (5th cent.), oppression (13th cent. in a British source), act of putting a stop to, repression, dissolution of a religious house (from 15th cent. in British sources), retention (of urine) (1529 or earlier) < suppress- , past participial stem of supprimere suppress v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish supresión (end of the 15th cent.).In sense 2 probably by confusion with impression n. In the specific uses in psychology and psychoanalysis (see senses 10a and 10b) probably after German Unterdrückung (1863 (in W. Wundt) or earlier in psychology, 1895 (in J. Breuer & S. Freud Studien über Hysterie) or earlier in psychoanalysis). Compare suppress v. 2a, and also repression n. 2c. In sense 9b after suppress v. 8. 1. a. The action of putting down a person, group, community, etc., by the use of force or authority; reduction to a state of impotence or inactivity.With the (and sometimes with capital initial): the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII under two Acts (1536, 1539). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression suppressingc1400 repression?a1425 oppressionc1430 repressing1431 suppression1487 nithering1489 repressa1500 abolition1529 abolishment1538 abolishing?1540 repressal1593 suppressal1612 compressure1644 repressment1837 crackdown1935 1487 W. Caxton tr. J. Legrand Bk. Good Maners iii. viii. sig. fiii^v The tyrant seketh..the suppressyon of the people. 1525 T. Wolsey Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) II. 18 The Suppression of certain exile and small Monasteries. 1536 J. Husee Let. 6 Sept. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/4/117) f. 149 Yo^r lordship can haue no more rent than the kyng hathe, which is syns the suppression. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 35 b After that victorie and suppression of the Rebels. 1699 tr. J. de La Bruyère Characters 233 His great design was to establish the Authority of the Prince, and the Safety of the People, by the suppression of the Nobility. 1753 Universal Mag. July 25/1 The suppression of Deans and Chapters was voted. 1784 W. Strickland in B. Ward Dawn Catholic Revival (1909) I. 78 On the suppression of the Society of Jesus. 1833 Niles' Weekly Reg. 8 June 236/2 The papers..contain the proclamation of the lord lieutenant, for the suppression of the Irish volunteers. 1885 J. Hawthorne Love or Name ix. 99 In other countries than America, it [sc. politics] was the appanage of the great, and was applied mainly to the suppression of the masses. 1889 F. A. Gasquet Henry VIII & Eng. Monasteries II. xi. 457 There were some 8,081 religious of all orders at the time of the suppression in England. 1921 Pacific Rev. 1 176 The formation of a new German ministry..resulted in fresh negotiations with the allies, the suppression of the communists, [etc.]. 1966 F. Schurmann Ideol. & Organization Communist China (1968) Introd. 7 The authority of the pater familias in the past depended on the suppression of women. 2009 Independent (Nexis) 12 Nov. 38 We can huff and..puff about..Burmese government intransigence, China's suppression of its ethnic minorities, but there is..probably not much we can..do about it. b. The action of putting an end to or prohibiting an action, practice, movement, etc., or of putting down a rebellion or the like by the use of force or authority.Also: the action of extinguishing (a fire); (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > crushing, stifling, or overwhelming quench?c1225 stanchingc1400 suppressingc1400 suppression1528 suffocation1567 crushing1580 suffocating1621 pulverization1643 overwhelming1645 depression1656 stifling1805 burking1827 spiflication1839 restinction1891 stamping1897 submergence1898 snuffing1922 society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression > of customs, movements, etc. suppressingc1400 suppression1528 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. 250/2 He magnifyeth baptisme but to the supression of penance & of al good liuing. 1552 T. Wilson Rule of Reason (rev. ed.) sig. Oiij The firste suppression of the Popes whole power. 1574 Homilies ii. Agst. Rebell. 617 (heading) The suppression of the last rebellion. 1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois iv. 47 My loue (Like to a fire disdaining his suppression) Rag'd being discourag'd. 1657 T. Wall Comment on Times 42 To read their own shame in the suppression of mischief fruitlessly attempted. 1737 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 267 The Suppression of Play-houses. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. ii. 392 The suppression of twenty shilling notes, would probably relieve it [sc. the scarcity of gold and silver] . View more context for this quotation 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 237 The extension of the dominion and the wealth of the church, and the suppression of heresy. 1838 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 1 286 The engines..are all provided with the following useful articles, adapted not merely to the suppression of fire, but to the saving of human life [etc.]. 1886 Cambr. Rev. 1 Dec. 128/1 Racing seemed to have a good effect upon the horses.., but its effect upon men called for its suppression. 1890 Athenæum 8 Mar. 310/1 The suppression of piracy and decapitating expeditions. 1943 J. S. Huxley Evol. Ethics vii. 59 The suppression of free speech and inquiry. 1971 H. Macmillan Riding Storm ix. 288 The terrible events in Hungary and the brutal suppression of the popular movement in November 1956. 2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Mar. a1/2 The Dalai Lama..called for an international inquiry into the suppression of protests there [sc. in Tibet]. c. Withholding or withdrawal from publication or the public sphere; prevention or prohibition of the circulation of a book, release of a film, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keeping from publication > [noun] censorship1591 suppressing1591 reservation1612 suppression1628 no names, no pack drill1903 blackout1941 1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens 83 Their Licensing..of these Popish Deuotions..and their suppression of all such bookes, as giue any answere to them. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1674 (1955) IV. 41 The noise of this books suppression, made it be presently bought up. 1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 510/2 A Letter to Sir John Fielding, Knight, occasioned by his extraordinary request to Mr. Garrick for the suppression of the Beggar's Opera. 1791 Monthly Rev. 5 535 Their endeavours to procure the suppression of such books as oppose their system of orthodoxy, and promote a free and rational inquiry into religious truth. 1828 Foreign Q. Rev. 2 652 Gratarol..fancying himself ridiculed, endeavoured..to obtain of the senate the suppression of the play. 1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 531 Thus I think it is clearly the duty of the state to exercise its authority in the suppression of injurious books, papers, and advertisements. 1915 A. Huxley Let. Nov. (1969) 85 An odd business..the suppression of..The Rainbow. It is always the serious books that get sat on. 1978 Mother Jones Dec. 29/1 The major objective, the suppression of the film, seemed to have been accomplished. 2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 9 Dec. (Business section) 1 Addressing the controversy created by the report's suppression,..[he] said the..investigation..was never designed to provide taxpayers with an explanation for the bank's collapse. †2. Impression, effect. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] workinga1382 impression1390 actiona1398 affection1489 suppressiona1500 operation1525 influence1598 effect1608 manage1608 solicitation1626 attingency1642 influx1644 influency1651 incidence1656 attingence1678 influencing1754 impact1817 a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xxvii. f. 22 (MED) This holy men..had more suppression and more heuenly hete receyved be vertue of that preciows blood than this þat come so long tyme aftir. 3. Medicine and Physiology. a. Complete or partial cessation of urination or menstruation; an instance of this. In early use also: †difficult or painful urination or menstruation (obsolete). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > stoppage or arrest suppression1564 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > retention of urine suppression1564 piss-supprest1610 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > urinary disorders > [noun] > difficulty in urination dysury1398 chaudpissea1400 strangurya1400 droppell-piss1527 strangullion1530 strangurion1547 suppression1564 drop-piss1578 hot piss1578 pain-piss1614 ischuria1675 paruria1822 1564 P. Moore Hope of Health ii. ix. f. xxxvij It is also good againste the stone and suppression of vrine. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxii. xxv. 143 It amendeth the suppression or difficultie of voiding urine [L. urinae difficultates..corrigit]. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 336 Oftentimes vpon the suppression of their courses their bellies swell and they thinke they are conceiued. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. iv. 121 Simon Pauli gave it in Suppression of Urine. 1784 S. Johnson Let. 26 June (1994) IV. 336 Macbean, after three days of illness, is dead of a suppression of urine. 1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. ii. iv. 284 The cessation of renal activity, the so-called suppression of urine. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xxv. 327 The symptoms rapidly become more severe; a subnormal temperature, profuse diarrhœa with rice-water stools, suppression of urine, cramps and toxæmia are found. 2011 Urology 77 270/2 A tumor, a stone, or benign prostatic hyperplasia caused initial strangury (difficult and painful urination), which intensified day by day, reaching ischury (suppression of urine) and finally complete retention accompanied by unbearable pain. b. More generally: cessation, abolition, or inhibition of a physiological or pathological process, the functioning of an organ, the secretion of a hormone, etc.; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > state of being healable or curable > capacity for being suppressed suppression1583 suppressibility1870 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > disorders of fluid secretions redounding?1541 suppression1583 glut1597 fluctuation1620 grumousness1676 stasis1745 remora1782 hyperosmolarity1947 hyperosmolality1959 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > cessation of breathing suppression1684 apnoea1719 sleep apnœa1976 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xxxiii. 123 In this disease you must beginne the cure with letting of blood, specially if the euill be engendred of suppression of hemorhoides or menstruis, and if age and strength will suffer it. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke ii. vi. sig. S It doth corroborate by his Balsamical vertue,..supplying vunto it al meanes, not onely for defence, but also for expulsion and suppression of al diseases. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 24 Apnœa is a suppression of Respiration, either wholly, or at least to Sense. 1762 J. Ball Mod. Pract. Physic (ed. 2) II. xxxv. 207 But there are Jaundices not caused by suppression, but from a redundancy of bile, because some people naturally make more bile than others. 1785 Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 538 A sudden suppression of perspiration was followed by a return of her complaints with redoubled violence, and some paralytic symptoms. 1830 W. Mackenzie Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye ii. 88 Xeroma or dryness of the eye, from suppression of the secretion of the lachrymal gland, is not so much a disease existing by itself, as a symptom of various other diseases. 1860 C. Murchison tr. F. T. Frerichs Clin. Treat. Dis. Liver I. v. 193 (heading) Suppression of the function of the liver. 1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. v. 116 With prolonged administration of cortical hormones or of ACTH, it is stated that mitotic figures in the lymph nodes become infrequent, and the involution of the lymphatic organs may be due to suppression of lymphocytopoiesis. 1976 Pathol. Ann. 11 56 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be acquired in utero, or by persons in states of immune deficiency or suppression. 1999 C. Dolan Ascension Day (2000) vi. 120 Mum, trying to be businesslike, quizzed Morag about blood counts and bone marrow suppression and other such matters. 2011 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Mar. 34/3 In normal people the brainwave known as the mu wave undergoes suppression any time a person makes a voluntary movement or watches another perform the same movement. 4. a. The action or process of keeping something secret; refusal to disclose or reveal. Also: an instance of this. Cf. sense 1c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > [noun] coverture1393 laina1400 coveringc1400 palliation?c1425 lainingc1440 lonea1450 hudder-mudder1461 hugger-mugger1529 concealment1565 celation1567 hugger1576 burial1596 smothering1602 suppression1651 disguisal1652 hugger-mug1654 latitancy1701 cover-up1927 wraps1939 the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > connotation > [noun] > implied or understood meaning > act of leaving unexpressed suppression1651 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [noun] > ellipticalness suppression1651 ellipticalness1681 stuntness1871 telegraphese1885 telegramese1894 1651 C. Barksdale tr. H. Grotius Authority Highest Powers sig. Y4 Suppression of unprofitable questions. And of words not found in Scripture. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. iv. 222 The incident was too extraordinary..to have any chance of suppression. 1837 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Bacon in Ess. (1843) II. 284 Unpardonable distortions and suppressions of facts. 1848 Calcutta Rev. 10 481 The charges..may be reduced to three classes; First,—obtaining evidence by unjustifiable means; Secondly, the suppression of evidence, [etc.]. 1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 142 Homer, like Shakespeare, is remarkable for the suppression of himself. 1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child i. iii. 39 Proving to her, by the exhibition of his virtues and the careful suppression of his defects..that here was her mate, the man nature had set apart for her. 1957 A. E. Stevenson New Amer. III. viii. 203 There is today greater suppression of public information by the national government than there has ever before been in the history of this country, except in time of war. 2010 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Mar. 34 The suppression of truth at the heart of the abuse scandal will bewilder the Catholic faithful. b. The restraint, holding back, or stifling (of an utterance, emotion, etc.). Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [noun] > restraint or stifling of expression suppression1706 suppressing1711 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [noun] > constraint or suppression self-restraint1656 self-limitation1692 constraint1706 suppression1706 self-repression1821 the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > quality of not manifesting emotion > suppression of emotion suppression1861 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Suppression, the Act of Suppressing, Smothering, &c. 1751 H. Walpole Let. 21 Mar. (1857) II. 244 He [sc. a thrush] had dangerous suppressions of breath. 1790 W. Beckford Descr. Acct. Jamaica II. 130 I should be sorry..to advance one word that could, in any instance, tend to the suppression of a sigh in their particular favour. 1829 N. P. Willis in N.-Y. Mirror 2 May 340/1 His breast Heaving with the suppression of a cry. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner i. 14 The self-complacent suppression of inward triumph that lurked in the narrow slanting eyes and compressed lips. 1869 A. Helps Realmah xvii. 496 In that beautiful woman's eyes there came that mist which rises before tears, or upon the conquest and suppression of tears. 1908 Strand Mag. 35 432/2 Up in the tree Tom and Mabel were almost fainting from suppression of laughter. 1963 S. S. Tomkins Affect Imagery Consciousness II. xix. 274 It has too often been supposed that the suppression of anger is necessarily the primary problem in the handling of humiliation. 1999 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 5 June Must we consider the suppression of the yawn as a measure of etiquette or should the yawn have free play? c. Grammar. The omission of a word, phrase, or other element from a sentence; an instance of this. Also Rhetoric: a device where something is left unsaid (now historical). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > ellipsis ellipsis1621 suppression1728 prosiopesis1922 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Suppression, in Grammar, an Omission of certain Words in a Sentence, which yet are necessary to a full and perfect Construction. 1749 J. Mason Ess. Power & Harmony Prosaic Numbers 63 A seasonable Silence, or imperfect Speech (a Figure which the Rhetoricians call a Suppression). 1806 D. Booth Introd. Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. 89 It is this substitution or suppression of the Noun, that has led some French Etymologists to derive on from I'homme, a man. 1852 J. Mulligan Expos. Grammatical Struct. Eng. Lang. 356 The suppression of a conjunctive pronoun, when it serves any other function, except that of objective, is..very rare, and not to be imitated. 1902 H. G. Atkins & L. É. Kastner Goethe's Poems 108 Frequent repetition of words or verses;..the suppression of the article, the placing of the adjective after the substantive [etc.]. 1986 R. D. Smith Syntactic Quicksand 329 Suppression is a rhetorical device where words are unspoken because the speaker is unable to utter them. 2000 P. V. Jones & K. C. Sidwell Independent Study Guide to reading Lat. iv. 145 The suppression of the verb is common in passages like this, where several spoken exchanges are reported. †5. Chemistry. The application of fire or heat from above. Only in fire (or heat) of suppression. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > [noun] > by specific means fire (or heat) of suppression1663 steam-heating1835 solar heating1903 1663 R. Boyle Some Considerations Usefulnesse Exper. Nat. Philos. ii. App. 352 At length intend your fire till the bottom of the Retort be glowing hot, and heap also at last quick coals upon the sand round about the Retort to give, as it were, a fire of Suppression. 1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. 79 The blood raising up heat within the bosoms, is like the fire of suppression, which in the distillation by descent, is inkindled round about the Vessel containing the matter to be distilled. 1682 G. Hartman Digby's Choice Coll. Rare Secrets 27 Put all into a Retort, and distill it in Sand, with a heat of Suppression, so that the ∆ above be stronger than that below. 1789 Edinb. New Dispensatory (ed. 2) i. ii. 84 An earthen or coated glass one, may be worked in the naked fire, or with what is called a fire of suppression. †6. Astronomy. The lowering of the apparent position of a star in the sky as a result of atmospheric effects. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] > an optical illusion > optical distortions refraction1698 suppression1702 aerial perspective1704 irradiation1834 double image1880 barrel distortion1889 pincushion distortion1892 Poggendorff illusion1898 Ponzo illusion1942 pincushioning1947 space myopia1962 pincushion1968 Müller-Lyer1972 1702 V. Mandey tr. J. J. Hainlin Synopsis Mathematica: Astron. ii. v. 353 Refraction, is the Elevation or Suppression of any Star by reason of..the Vapors Elevating themselves from the Earthly Globe. 7. Prosody. The process by which an unstressed syllable is lightly accented or elided in order to conform to the prevailing metrical pattern; an instance of this.Now usually known as demotion; cf. promotion n. 1h. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [noun] > accent > stress accent > specific rhetorical accent1728 suppression1751 recession1855 thought accent1897 stress maximum1908 fall-rise1921 promotion1956 paroxytonization1973 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > lowering or raising of normal stress suppression1751 promotion1956 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 88. 157 The great peculiarity of Milton's versification..is the elision of one vowel before another, or the suppression of the last syllable of a word ending with a vowel. 1850 W. N. Lettsom tr. Fall of Nibelungers Pref. p.xxix Though written as one long line, it is treated..as two short ones, and consequently admits the suppression of the unaccented syllable at the beginning of each of its two parts. 1956 S. Chatman in Kenyon Rev. 18 424 What I have called ‘metrical tension’ can conveniently be described as ‘promotions’ or ‘suppressions’ of the stress levels of normal non-verse speech under the pressures of the abstract metrical pattern. 1973 Word 1970 26 55 These examples, from Prator, illustrate suppression and promotion respectively. 1995 A. Holder Rethinking Meter i. 27 First, we have the suppression, or ‘demotion’ (the technical term), of a syllable—‘Ah’—which..would seem to call for stress out of expressive considerations. 8. Chiefly Botany. Absence or non-development of some part or organ normally or typically present; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [noun] > suppression or non-growth suppression1824 1824 J. E. Smith Eng. Flora I. 5 This may arise from occasional suppression of some pistils, often incident to plants of a simple structure, and indeed to all plants when the source of nourishment is weakened. 1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §647 Suppression is liable to occur in all the parts of plants, and gives rise to various abnormalities. 1915 R. Marloth Flora S. Afr. IV. 18 The typical structure of the spikelet is often obscured by the modification, reduction or suppression of certain parts, and especially the suppression of flowers. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xxi. 659 With few exceptions mammals are quadrupeds. Only in the whales, dolphins..and in the sea-cows (Sirenia ) is there a suppression of the hind-legs, connected, of course, with the fact that these mammals live in water. 1993 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 80 295 Genetic analysis has shown that suppression of stamens and pistils takes place by means of separate genetic pathways. 2006 S. R. Ringer in C. C. Ainsworth Flowering & its Manip. v. 104 Suppression of organs, particularly leaf-like organs, can have phylogenetic significance. 9. a. Prevention or inhibition of an action or phenomenon. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] withsetting1340 arrestc1400 stanchingc1400 prevention1447 forbarringc1449 stop1544 preventing1563 stopple1578 cohibition1586 intercepting1598 stonda1604 attachment1609 preclusion1616 antevertinga1656 aversion1664 interpellation1814 suppression1859 stemming1914 1859 Proc. Royal Soc. 10 75 The suppression of all, or nearly all the blue, indigo, and violet portion of the spectrum. 1904 Motor 28 June 606/1 He did not foresee that motor engineers..were quite capable of successfully attacking so simple a task as the suppression of noise. 1945 Electronic Engin. 17 455 Resulting in better damping of the receiver diaphragm and consequently suppression of the effects of resonance. 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxv. 72 Up to 80 dB suppression of signals from other radar transmitters..at a different operating frequency. 2007 W. Lowrie Fund. Geophysics (ed. 2) iii. 143/2 The instrument should respond to a wide range of frequencies in the ground motion, without preferential amplification or excessive suppression of frequencies. b. Prevention of electrical interference. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > prevention of interference > [noun] protection1890 suppression1930 1930 Pop. Mech. 30 June 946/1 For radio-equipped automobiles, resistors for the suppression of interference from ignition systems now are being produced. 1964 R. F. Ficchi Electr. Interference vii. 110 Capacitors are used when suppression is required on two commutator motors. 1992 RS Components: Electronic & Electr. Products July 997/1 Metallised polyester film capacitors, epoxy encapsulated in flame-retardant plastic cases, specifically designed for 250 V r.m.s. mains interference suppression. 2003 T. Gorman Scale Model Ship Propulsion iv. 39/2 It is therefore sensible for all motors to be fitted with radio suppression equipment. 10. a. Psychology. Inhibition or reduction of a neural, psychological, or behavioural activity or reaction; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > restraint by more powerful force suppression1894 1894 J. E. Creighton & E. B. Titchener tr. W. M. Wundt Lect. Human & Animal Psychol. 206 It may sometimes be observed that these phenomena of suppression do not extend to the entire image. 1951 T. C. Ruch in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. v. 172/2 Suppression exists in two forms. The first is termed ‘suppression of motor activity’..and the second form is ‘suppression of electrical activity’. 1971 K. H. Pribram Lang. of Brain vii. 138 Thus some sort of suppression of responsiveness must occur when an imbalance in the ordinary mode of excitation is produced, and their suppression exceeds the malfunction produced solely by disuse. 1974 J. W. Atkinson & D. Birch in J. W. Atkinson & J. O. Raynor Motivation & Achievement xv. 274 The impact of some feature of the immediate environment is not so much an instigation to activity as the opposite, suppression of an activity. 2002 P. Willner & P. J. Mitchell in H. A. H. D'Haenen et al. Biol. Psychiatry II. xviii-1. 707/2 A long-term (7 weeks) suppression of home-cage locomotor activity has been reported following a single shock session. b. Psychoanalysis. The action or process whereby unacceptable thoughts, memories, or desires are dealt with by deliberately eliminating them from consciousness.Sometimes contrasted with repression, which is usually considered an unconscious process. Cf. repression n. 2c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > sublimation of libido > [noun] > repression suppression1896 resistance1905 repression1909 scotomization1927 1896 G. F. Stout Analytic Psychol. II. 148 The avoidance of conflict may take place in one of two modes. Either the whole line of thought is abandoned.., or it proceeds through the mere suppression of one of the antagonist groups, by the superior strength of the other. 1910 I. H. Coriat Abnormal Psychol. i. iv. 66 Suppression of certain memories or experiences having a strong emotional meaning can lead to hysterical symptoms. 1913 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Interpretation of Dreams 68 The psychic energy accumulated during the day through inhibition or suppression becomes the main-spring of the dream at night. 1955 E. Mosbacher tr. S. Ferenczi Final Contrib. Psycho-anal. iv. 265 With suppression one does not feel the pain, only the effort which is necessary to ‘alienate over’ the pain. With repression one does not even feel this any longer. 2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Feb. 48 An invitation to readers to ask themselves how much Freudian repression they have observed in themselves and their acquaintances—as opposed to conscious suppression, denial, self-deception,..and other sources of self-blindness. 11. Genetics. Total or partial restoration of the original phenotypic expression of a mutated gene by a second mutation occurring at a different site (or, esp. in early use, by a chromosomal duplication, etc.); an instance of this. Cf. suppressor n. 2. ΚΠ 1932 Amer. Naturalist 66 323 Several cases in which the principal effect was the suppression of a particular mutant character in Drosophila melanogaster have been reviewed or described in a preliminary way. 1952 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 38 44 A mutation arose which resulted in suppression of a pyrimidine requirement in three mutants presumed to be allelic. 1989 N. V. Fedoroff in D. E. Berg & M. M. Howe Mobile DNA xiv. 397/2 As noted earlier, the element sequences that mediate suppression of gene expression are near element ends. 2002 D. Moore & L. N. Frazer Essent. Fungal Genetics 90 Suppression due to a second forward mutation in the same gene (called intragenic suppression) is generally caused by a second mutation re-establishing the correct reading frame in a strain carrying a frame-shift mutation. Compounds C1. attributive with the sense ‘of, relating to, or advocating suppression’. ΚΠ 1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London III. vii. 199 These suppression chaps intend to enforce the penal statute, and compel us to go to church! 1883 G. W. Rusden Hist. New Zealand II. xiii. 356 The Governor, forgetful of the suppression laws,..argued that as a rule public men in the colony had been temperate in times of excitement. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 2 July 2/1 In favour of a rigorous suppression policy. 1975 L. R. Jeppson et al. Mites Injurious to Econ. Plants xiii. 465 Another suppression method is to select mite resistant cotton varieties for planting. 2010 V. Felbab-Brown Shooting Up vi. 171 Successful suppression policies should cause prices [of marijuana] to rise and consumption to fall. C2. suppression order n. a directive ordering the suppression of something; (now esp.) (chiefly Australian and New Zealand) a court or government order preventing the public disclosure of information relating to particular legal proceedings; cf. gagging order n. at gagging adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1871 N.Y. Times 23 July 1/3 (heading) A defense of Gov. Hoffmann by his Inspector-General—how the governor was informed of the suppression order. 1936 Mail (Adelaide) 28 Nov. 9/4 A report from the Crown Law authorities as to the power of a magistrate to make a suppression order in the circumstances surrounding this particular case. 1980 Crisis Apr. 150/1 It was Trumbul's [sic] telegram to President Lincoln that prevented the violence and convinced the President to set aside the suppression order. 2005 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 25 July 10 Several weeks ago, a High Court judge lifted a suppression order in a high-profile case because the order had been widely flouted on the internet. Derivatives suˈppressionist n. an advocate of suppression. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > [noun] > suppression or repression > advocate of suppressionist1829 repressionist1860 1829 H. Smith New Forest II. v. 131 Although the goodnatured Dr. Dotterel had provided a bonfire for the amusement of the fair-going urchins, he was too staunch a suppressionist to be present. 1913 H. G. Wells Passionate Friends x. 311 The reactionaries and suppressionists who would stifle the discussion of the woman's position and crush out her hopes of emancipation. 2002 Chron. Higher Educ. (Nexis) 22 Feb. 11 Students..who questioned whether unbelief should be taught in a department of religion were decried as suppressionists and censors inhibiting the free flow of ideas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1487
随便看	pinfish pinfishes pinfit pinfitting pinflat pinfold pinfolded pinfolding pinfolds pinfooted ping ping jockey ping-man ping-pong ping-pong ball ping-pong bat ping-pong diplomacy ping-pong diplomat ping-pong drum ping-pong game ping-pong match ping-pong materials ping-pong paddle ping-pong player ping-pong table