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单词 sunbeam
释义

sunbeamn.

Brit. /ˈsʌnbiːm/, U.S. /ˈsənˌbim/
Forms: see sun n.1 and beam n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: sun n.1, beam n.1
Etymology: < sun n.1 + beam n.1In the late Old English form sunnebeam (see quot. lOE at sense 1a) perhaps showing the reflex of the genitive singular of the first element, i.e. sunnan (in a phonologically reduced form). In sense 2 probably after Tupi or a related language; compare Tupi kwarasy ‘sun’ (in quot. 1613 as ourissia) and also the following, which appears to record compounds of that word:1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiii. 297/1 This [Humming] Bird by the Brasilians is also called..Guara-cyaba, that is a Sun-beam Bird, and Guara-cigaba, the hair of the Sun.
1.
a. A beam or ray of sunlight. In early use occasionally also: †rays of sunlight collectively (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > [noun] > sunlight or sunshine > ray of
beamc885
sunbeamOE
sunray1596
fire-glance1662
streamer1697
sunglade1832
sun-darta1835
sun shaft1837
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) x. 82 Þa gesæt he sume dæge under sunnbeame ana on sundran.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 106 Hwæt fremað þam blindan seo beorhta sunbeam?
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 678 (Laud) Her ateowede cometa se steorra on Auguste & scan iii monðas ælce morgen swilce sunnebeam.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 18979 All all swa summ þe sunne bæm. Bishineþþ all þe blinde.
c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) 624 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 480 He saiȝh hire neb, and turnde a-ȝein so briȝht so sonne-bem.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 592 Of hise mouth it stod a stem, Als it were a sunnebem.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11228 Þe sun beme Gais thoru þe glas.
?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) l. 2961 (MED) Þe sonn-bemes full bright schane.
a1500 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Stowe) l. 16212 (MED) Lyke vn-to the Sonne Bemys, Shynynge most hoote the Sommerys day.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxii. f. 42 Hygh trees..dyd cast..a pleasant..shadowe, and defended them..from the vehement heat of the sunne beames.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. B2 The Mermaides..drying their waterie tresses in the Sunne beames.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. ii. 39 The quivering light which is spread by the refraction of the Sun-beames in the water.
1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 37 The gay motes that people the Sun Beams.
1706 A. Pope Let. 10 Apr. in Corr. (1956) I. 16 Some [verses] I have contracted, as we do Sun-beams, to improve their..Force.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. iii. 131 A fine park..[with] spacious vistoes, under which those who walked were shaded from the sun-beams.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xv. 169 Sparkling sunbeams dancing on chamber windows.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. i. 2 The slanting sunbeams shone through the transparent shavings that flew before the steady plane.
1914 H. G. Wells in Cent. Mag. Feb. 571/1 As noiseless as a dancing sunbeam.
1990 C. Sagan in Wisconsin (Madison) State Jrnl. 9 Sept. (Parade Suppl.) 12/2 Look at the Earth in this picture..a pale, blue dot... on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.
2008 Church Times 9 May 40/3 Dashing rains and streaky sunbeams take turns to soak the house.
b. figurative and in figurative contexts, usually with reference to happiness or understanding.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > quality of causing joy or delight > [noun] > an instance or source of joy or delight
playeOE
mirthOE
blissa1000
winOE
sunbeamc1175
delight?c1225
joyc1275
delightingc1350
joying1388
delicec1390
delectation?a1425
rejoice1445
delectabilitiesa1500
deliciositiesa1500
delectables1547
delicacy1586
venery1607
deliciousness1651
thrilling1747
peaches and cream1920
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7278 Crist iss ec soþ sunne bæm Þatt all þiss werelld lihhteþþ.
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) 73 Heil..Sterre from whom went forþ riht Þe Sonne-Beem, our herre.
c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 28 (MED) As bihoueþ take good kepe þat we..euere honge oure harpe an heiȝ fro þe erþe in þe hote sonnebemes of riȝtwisnesse.
a1475 (?1445) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 366 Now helpe us, good lady..Of the blessid sonne beem ȝeue us summe light.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Pref. f. C ijv The clere radiaunt sunnebeames of his holy woorde.
1624 J. Davies Psalm XXI in Compl. Poems (1876) II. vii. 154 The sunn-beames of Thy face will cheare his hart.
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. vii. 105 The Intellectual world, being..made all Lucid, Intellectual, and shining with the Sun-beams of eternall Truth.
1738 S. Boyse Transl. & Poems (new ed.) 288 How often..A thousand vain Pretenders make their Claim? Like Flies attend the Summer of our Day, And in the Sunbeams of our Fortunes play.
1787 E. Wallace Let. to Friend 12 Women, totally divested of natural affection, and every decency and virtue..are placed, in the sunbeams of parade and success.
1807 Salmagundi 1 Oct. 314 [They] were delighted to see the sun-beams once more play in his countenance.
1853 Arthur's Home Mag. May 561/1 It is even thus with the sunbeams of the human heart.
1971 J. Hoyles Waning Renaissance iii. xii. 161 The sunbeams of man's mind piercing through the clouds of ignorance and superstition.
2004 K. Haffner Pilgrim's Probl. iv. 71 Even in the darkest of nights there are still sunbeams of joy.
c. A person, esp. a woman or girl, who brings happiness to the lives of others; a happy or vivacious person. Cf. (little) ray of sunshine n. at ray n.5 Phrases, sunshine n. 3c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [noun] > action of cheering > one who or that which cheers
gladderc1405
blithera1525
lifter1535
heartener1601
enlivener1774
sunbeam1872
ray of sunshine1885
cheerer-upper1907
1872 J. H. Mathews Belle Powers' Locket i. 17 What true ‘sunbeams’ they had proved to her, cheering and brightening the young life which had been so early darkened by her great loss.
1886 C. M. Yonge Chantry House II. xxi. 190 She was always a sunbeam, with her ever ready attention.
1943 F. Thompson Candleford Green viii. 133 Girls..of the type then called ‘sunbeams in the home’: good, affectionate, home-loving girls.
1970 G. Heyer Charity Girl x. 150 She couldn't conceive how she had ever contrived to exist without ‘our sweet little sunbeam’.
2003 Independent 3 Sept. (Review section) 3/3 A nurse walks down the corridor singing: ‘Hello sunbeams! How are you today?’
2. Originally: any of various brightly-coloured or iridescent hummingbirds native to South America. In later use spec.: any of the South American hummingbirds of the genus Aglaeactis, typically having brown or reddish plumage with iridescent patches on the back and rump (frequently with distinguishing word).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Apodiformes > [noun] > family Trochilidae (humming-bird) > unspecified and miscellaneous types of
zumbador1758
sunbeam1769
black warrior1831
hermit-bird1837
Anna's hummingbird1839
jacobin1843
straight-tail1843
vervain hummingbird1847
wedge-bill1848
fiery topaz1854
sungem1856
wood-star1859
calliope1861
rainbow1861
sabre-wing1861
sawbill1861
swallowtail1861
sword-bill1861
thorn-bill1861
visor-bearer1861
warrior1861
wood-nymph1861
puffleg1869
calliope hummingbird1872
flame-bearer1882
shear-tail1885
plature1890
rainbow starfrontlet1966
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage viii. ii. 615 The Brasilians called it Ourissia, which signifieth the Sun-beame... It flieth so swift..that the wings cannot be seen... The feathers are beautified with yellow, green, & other colours.]
1769 T. Smollett Present State All Nations VIII. 445 Their [sc. humming birds'] feathers, which way soever you turn them, appear of a different colour and hue, like those of the sun-beams through a prism, on which account, it is not unfitly called by the natives the sun-beam.
1856 J. Gould Monogr. Trochilidæ (1861) III. Pl. 179 (heading) Aglæactis cupripennis. Shining Sun-beam.
1870 P. Gillmore tr. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds 466 The Indians call these darlings Sun-beams.
1934 Auk 51 146 Large patches of the orange parasite..brought beauty to the tree tops and lured the Sunbeams to investigate.
1989 J. V. Remsen & M. A. Traylor Annotated List Birds of Bolivia 9 The Black-hooded Sunbeam (Aglaeactis pamela)..is found only on brushy slopes of the eastern Andes.
2010 T. S. Schulenberg et al. Birds of Peru (rev. ed.) 234 All sunbeams have a tuft of white or rufous feathers on the breast, and the rump usually is some shade of iridescent purple.

Phrases

written with a sunbeam (or in sunbeams) and variants [after post-classical Latin solis radio scriptum (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian)] : written in bright, conspicuous characters; very clearly marked. Chiefly in figurative contexts.Now usually in allusion to, or with direct quotation of, quot. 1775.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > manifest [phrase]
written with a sunbeam (or in sunbeams)1626
needless to say1770
society > communication > writing > state of having been written > [adjective] > written prominently
written with a sunbeam (or in sunbeams)1626
writ (also written) large1826
1626 C. Potter in tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Quarrels To Rdr. sig. Av It is a truth as cleare as if it were Solis radio scriptum, in the Prouerbe of Tertullian, written with a Sunne-beame.
1654 W. Eyre Vindiciæ Justificationis Gratuitæ vi. 52 The Assumption is written with a Sun beam throughout the Scripture.
1740 J. Smith Char. Rev. G. Whitefield 3 'Tis written in Sunbeams, that a Man may run and read.
1775 A. Hamilton Farmer Refuted 38 The sacred rights of mankind..are written, as with a sun beam, in the whole volume of human nature, by the hand of the divinity itself.
1830 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 507 Proofs bearing the marks of truth as if written with a sunbeam.
1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. xlvi. 136 Such words fall too often on our cold and careless ears with the triteness of long familiarity; but to Octavia..they seemed to be written in sunbeams.
1967 Gastonia (N. Carolina) Gaz. 14 July 4 a/7 As if it were written with a sunbeam by The Hand Of Divinity.

Compounds

sunbeam-proof adj. Obsolete that blocks out sunlight; opaque.In later use chiefly with allusion to quot. 1820.
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley Cloud in Prometheus Unbound 199 Over a torrent sea, Sunbeam-proof, I hang like a roof.
1871 M. C. Houstoun Wide of Mark III. iv. 34 The gloomy grandeur of the ‘sunbeam-proof’ clouds.

Derivatives

ˈsunbeamed adj. lit by or featuring sunbeams (literal and figurative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > [adjective] > of or relating to sunlight > as bright as the sun
sunnisha1413
sunnyc1500
sun-bright1579
sunshiny1590
sun-like?1593
sunbeamed1598
sunshining1629
sun-clad1637
sunbeamy1821
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 168 To beholde with your Sunne beamed eyes. View more context for this quotation
1847 J. W. Lester Criticisms p. xi We have plucked a few flowers, sunbeamed, while on our way to the temple of the Holiest.
1988 Times 13 July 21/7 The sunbeamed entry of Slim.
2015 Crain's Detroit Business (Nexis) 25 May 26 The recurring image of Hackel with rolled shirtsleeves against a blue sky and sunbeamed backdrop.
ˈsunbeamy adj. lit by sunbeams; sunny, bright, shining; pleasant, amiable.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > [adjective] > of or relating to sunlight > as bright as the sun
sunnisha1413
sunnyc1500
sun-bright1579
sunshiny1590
sun-like?1593
sunbeamed1598
sunshining1629
sun-clad1637
sunbeamy1821
1821 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 6 Oct. Fancy faints in the chase of a bow That was bright in a sunbeamy show'r.
1890 ‘A. Thomas’ Love of Lady I. ix. 160 Her sunbeamy nature.
1897 Pall Mall Mag. Dec. 444 [Her hair hung] in soft, golden, sunbeamy masses down her back.
1964 Press-Telegram (Long Beach, Calif.) 22 July b8/3 On sunbeamy days, the Gibbs are up and tip toeing around.
2007 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 8 Nov. a28 Mr. Romney..has..incorporated such sunbeamy phrases and anecdotes into his repertory on the stump.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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