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单词 superfine
释义

superfineadj.n.

Brit. /ˈsuːpəfʌɪn/, /ˈsjuːpəfʌɪn/, /ˌsuːpəˈfʌɪn/, /ˌsjuːpəˈfʌɪn/, U.S. /ˈˌsupərˈˌfaɪn/
Forms: late Middle English superfyne, 1500s– superfine.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: super- prefix, fine adj.
Etymology: < super- prefix + fine adj. Compare Middle French, French superfin (1544), Spanish superfino (1575), also Middle French soprefin (1578). Compare post-classical Latin superfinitas quality of being very fine (13th cent.).The example dated c1440 of superfyne from Lydgate given by N.E.D. (1917), forming the basis of a sense ‘?Exceedingly subtle’ is in fact a mistranscription of serpentyne; compare:c1475 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Harl. 2251) f. 281v This Agnus dei..Whiche wessh away al venym serpentyne On caluarye.
A. adj.
1. Very subtle, delicate, or refined; exceptionally capable of delicate perception or sensitive to subtle impressions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > very small in amount or degree
superfine1575
tiny1598
minute1606
exiguous1630
myriate1665
delicate1692
miniature1714
infinitesimal1733
diminutive1741
weeny1790
inappreciable1802
teeny1802
scrumptious1834
teeny-weeny1842
teeny-tiny1849
tee-tiny1872
minuscule1878
1575 G. Gascoigne Certayne Notes Instr. in Posies sig. T.ij For many inuentions are so superfine, that they are Vix good.
1695 J. Locke Reasonableness Christianity (1696) 305 The bulk of Mankind have not leisure for Learning and Logick, and superfine distinctions of the Schools.
1737 Brit. Librarian May 310 It is inferr'd that our Language is discredited, by borrowing so much, even to the making our selves unintelligible in our own Country, as that super-fine Orator did who declared, [etc.].
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. iii. 33 Madame,..trains up a youthful d'Orleans generation in what superfinest morality one can.
1872 Index 24 Feb. 60/3 We yield the credit of such superfine perception to Unitarianism.
1949 Lawrence (Kansas) Daily Jrnl.-World 29 Nov. 2/4 One young man of superfine tastes averred that she was the most satisfying accompanist he had heard in many a day.
1991 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 7 Oct. a7 The question..got caught up in a tragicomic tangle of superfine distinctions.
2. Excessively refined or fastidious; highly elegant or sophisticated.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > fastidiousness > [adjective]
chisa700
estfula1000
esquaymous1303
squeamousc1325
overnicec1350
curiousc1380
dangerousc1386
delicatea1393
preciousc1395
nicec1400
skigc1400
over-delicatea1425
daintethc1430
ticklec1456
quaint1483
dauncha1500
pickinga1500
feat?1529
elegant?1533
queasy1545
fine1546
fine-fingered1549
fastidious?1555
fine-mouthed1559
chary1567
weamish1571
saucy1573
dainty1576
superfine1576
niced1577
overcurious1579
nicing1581
fineish1582
prick-me-dainty1583
daint1590
finical1592
tiptoe-nice1593
nice1594
nicking1598
choice1601
squeamish1608
marchpane1609
hypercritical1611
particular1616
finicking1661
overcritical1667
just so1696
penurious1703
fal-lal1747
ogertful1754
nackety1756
quiddling1789
pernickety1808
pershittie1808
taffety1814
hypercritic1820
faddy1824
finicky1825
meticulous1827
daintified1834
squeamy1838
picksome1855
choosey1862
picky1867
hyperaesthetic1879
persnickety1885
précieux1891
perskeet1897
tasty1905
Nice Nelly1922
perfectionist1942
snicketya1960
perfectionistic1968
1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. vii. f. 39v Beng not artyficially procured nor by toto superfine curiosity frisled.
1622 T. Venner Via Recta (ed. 2) 170 Them that out of a superfine daintinesse cannot liue but by sweete meates.
1786 F. Burney Court Jrnls. & Lett. (2011) I. 96 We..met..such super fine men in Laced Liveries, that we attempted not to question them.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 241 A pair of superfine ladies' footmen.
1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 264 The care of his granddaughter left entirely to a vulgar old nurse and a super~fine housekeeper.
1915 J. H. A. Macdonald Life Jottings v. 57 One day a superfine gentleman spoke to the hawker.
3. Of very fine size or texture; consisting of especially small particles or slender threads. Of a file or comb: having extremely fine teeth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [adjective] > fine
smallc1540
superfine1706
society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [adjective] > types of file
fine-toothed1601
round-off1801
cross-cut1827
superfine1872
double-cut-
1613 R. Anton Moriomachia sig. B4v He was a full halfe yard broad betwixt the eyes, and almost eighteene ynches by the rule (wanting but the breadth of a super-fine wyer) from the crowne to the heele.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso ii. lxxi. 348 Princes were now no longer able..to throw dust in their Subjects Eyes, though it were most artificial and superfine.
1676 T. Cock Kitchin-physick iii. 69 'Tis made thus: Take half a peck of Oatmeal, take from it the superfine flowre, put it to soke three or four days in a stand.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Superfine, very fine or thin; as Superfine Wire, Thread, Cards, &c.
1797 Monthly Mag. Dec. 477/1 This will make a difference of one-third of an inch, or the breadth of seventeen teeth, in a superfine comb.
1811 Baltimore Med. & Philos. Lycæum July 244 The superfine powder thus separated is observed to be of a much higher colour than the residue.
1872 R. Moore Artizans' Guide 203 It is best to first draw-file it with a medium fine file, and finish with a superfine file.
1922 C. J. Ritchey Quests for Salvation iii. 66 Epicureanism taught that the gods, made of superfine atoms, lived somewhere between the various worlds in a state of blessed immortality.
2005 C. Mendelson Laundry iii. xxii. 367 Microdenier, or microfiber, fabrics are woven from superfine fibers.
4. Of a manufactured or processed product: of the highest grade or quality. Of a natural or prepared substance: extremely pure or refined.Often difficult to distinguish from sense A. 3, purity or fineness of grain or thread frequently being considered a characteristic of high quality.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] > specifically of manufactured goods
superfine1680
super1895
1680 Don Tomazo 84 A Composition to their Hearts desire, consisting of one Third Copper, artificially tinctur'd with Yellow, one half Third Gold, and half Third Emery, and one Third super-fine Silver.
1682 in W. R. Scott Rec. Sc. Cloth Manufactory New Mills (1905) 40 John Rae is ordered when he gives out wool..to sett down a letter for a distinction that is C for course M for midleing F for fine and S.F. for super fine.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 332 Till you observe your Cyder to be very transparent, which then may be called Superfine.
1759 Newport (Rhode Island) Mercury 14 Aug. 4/2 To be sold cheap,..superfine Demy, superfine medium, superfine Post,..and several Sorts of Common Paper.
1774 Chesterfield's Lett. (1792) I. 238 The very best wool, which we make use of here in manufacturing our superfine cloths.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I cxcviii. 102 The wax was superfine, its hue vermillion.
1847 C. Morfit tr. É. F. Celnart Perfumery xx. 104 To a pound of superfine olive oil, add eight whole cloves and ½ oz. of cinnamon.
1872 L. P. Meredith Teeth (1878) 12 The bread, pastry, cake, etc., so much in use and made of superfine flour.
1922 S. Sassoon Diary 18 Apr. (1981) I. 144 I sat there puffing carefully at a superfine cigar.
1940 N. Tranter Harsh Heritage 60 While admittedly this is a dear whisky, I think that with suitable advertising, the superfine quality will ensure it a warm reception.
2007 H. K. Forsyth Constant Gardener vii. 459/1 Those bloodlines now extend through many of the great studs producing superfine merino wool.
5. Exceedingly good, excellent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > surpassing excellence > [adjective]
sunderlyOE
noblec1330
precellentc1384
passantc1385
especialc1386
passinga1387
surmountingc1407
superlative?a1430
precelling?1435
pre-eminenta1460
outrepassed1477
divine1488
pre-excellenta1500
superexcellent1508
transcending1528
pre-ordinate1543
exceeding1552
superexcelling1554
exquisite1578
surpassingc1580
summary1587
paragon1593
transcendent1598
overmatchful1609
termless1609
overtoppinga1615
paramounta1626
overtowering1639
surpassant1654
transcendental1701
superior1711
towery1731
prize1739
supernala1817
tiptopsome1819
tip-topping1826
par excellence1839
superfine1850
towering1894
1850 E. FitzGerald Let. 9 Mar. (1889) I. 201 I have read but very little of late; indeed my eyes have not been in superfine order.
1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. ii. 47 In the fixed purpose of making an ecclesiastical gentleman of me, with the superfinest of manners.
1911 Plumbers, Gas & Steam Fitters' Jrnl. Mar. 28/2 The music was superfine.
2003 ‘S. Pax’ Weblog Diary 11 Feb. in Baghdad Blog 93 The local servers ping, but no pages load, then suddenly for ten minutes all is superfine.
B. n.
In plural. Goods of superfine quality (see sense A. 4). Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > high quality goods
first1700
superfines1721
1721 Inventory W. Hamond 12 in Particulars Estates South-sea Company I. Woollen Manufacture..40 Superfines 1☩E at 17 l. 10 s.
1785 Strother's Jrnl. (1912) (modernized text) ii. 94 These superfines..are no better in quality than those plains.
1812 J. Bigland Beauties Eng. & Wales XVI. 787 The chief manufacture..is cloth, which was formerly almost wholly of the coarser kinds; but the manufacture of superfines has of late..increased.
1880 J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 20 Superfines, 1/ 4; Spanish Esparto, Fine, 1/ 4.
1907 C. Beadle Chapters on Papermaking III. i. 8 The stuff is more mellow and clean when using brass bars, and more suitable for superfines and photo papers.
1999 J. Smail Merchants, Markets & Manuf. vi. 103 The cost of making copies of the West Country superfines which Peter obtained in London.

Compounds

superfine sugar n. now chiefly U.S. finely granulated sugar.The usual term for caster sugar in the United States (see castor-sugar n. at castor n.2 Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > other types of sugar
white sugar1423
red sugar?a1425
sugar of Candy1553
ambered sugara1665
superfine sugar1759
preserving sugar1863
basket sugar1902
1759 New Universal Hist. Arts & Sci. II. 266/2 Boil a pound of superfine sugar in four ounces of rose-water to the consistence of tablettes.
1823 J. Guy Guy's Tutor's Assistant 43 3 lbs. of superfine sugar.
1998 C. Lemos Everybody's San Francisco Cookbook 79 In a bowl, stir together the superfine sugar, rum, liqueur, and lemon zest.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

superfinev.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: superfine adj.
Etymology: < superfine adj.
Obsolete.
intransitive. With upon. To make excessively fine distinctions or over-elaborate arguments about.In quot. 1689: to persuade or coerce by refined arguments.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > be different [verb (intransitive)] > distinguish between
skillc1200
shadea1400
discernc1400
superfine1689
to distinguish far1719
1689 F. Turner in Brit. Critic July (1838) 172 I apprehend that parson of Lambeth has superfined upon our brother of B. and W.
a1690 R. Barclay Truth Triumphant (1692) Pref. p. xiii It [sc. religion] has been branched and broken into so many Parts and Points; and more, that some Men have so boldly and critically Super-fined upon them.
1693 W. Penn Some Fruits of Solitude §188. 60 He that superfines upon other Men's Actions, cozens himself, as well as injures them.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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adj.n.1575v.1689
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