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单词 superficiality
释义

superficialityn.

Brit. /ˌsuːpəˌfɪʃɪˈalᵻti/, /ˌsjuːpəˌfɪʃɪˈalᵻti/, U.S. /ˌsupərˌfɪʃiˈælədi/
Forms: 1500s superficialyte, 1600s– superficiality.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: superficial adj., -ity suffix.
Etymology: < superficial adj. + -ity suffix. In sense 1 after Middle French superficialité surface (a1374 in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently in a small number of attestations in the early 16th cent.; French superficialité ‘lack of depth or thoroughness’ subsequently from 1731). With sense 2 compare post-classical Latin superficialitas (1532), Spanish superficialidad (first half of the 15th cent. in an isolated attestation, subsequently from the 18th cent.). Compare earlier superficialty n.
1. The quality of belonging to, forming, or being situated in or near, the surface.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > quality of relating to or being at
superficiality1530
superficialness1731
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 278/2 Superficialyte, superficialité.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. x. 322 By which Salts the colours of bodies are sensibly qualified, and receive degrees of lustre or obscurity, superficiality or profundity. View more context for this quotation
1776 tr. G. Beccaria Treat. Artific. Electr. iii. ii. 188 The superficiality of the electricity of deferent electrified bodies is demonstrated.
1841 Med. Times 18 Dec. 143/1 The superficiality of the sound was no evidence that it was not seated at the mitral orifice.
1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. ii. ii. 166 The relative superficiality or centrality of these nerves.
1921 Ecology 2 299 The forest-floor herbs and shrubs studied were mainly shallow-rooted and..the same superficiality held true for many of the roots of even tree dominants.
1959 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 250 476 The superficiality of the sodium penetration into the glass could be demonstrated readily by holding the highly discoloured etched specimen over a bunsen flame.
2008 U. Er et al. in G. Lanzino & R. F. Spetzler Cavernous Malformations Brain & Spinal Cord x. 73/2 A ‘blooming’ artifact from the hemosiderin-stained surrounding tissue may give a false impression of superficiality.
2. Lack of depth or thoroughness; shallowness of learning, character, or treatment. Also: an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > carelessness or lack of thoroughness or exactness
superficiality1618
perfunctoriness1626
slovenliness1641
overliness1650
perfunction1656
cursoriness1727
slightness1817
slapdash1826
rough and readiness1854
superficialism1860
slapdasherya1871
sloppiness1884
slapdashness1929
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > [noun] > superficiality
superficiality1618
superficialness1624
superficialty1826
superficialism1830
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > superficial knowledge > [noun] > quality of
shallowness1590
superficiality1618
superficialness1624
superficialism1830
the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > superficiality or hollowness
superficiality1618
superficialness1624
outsideness1647
externality1684
floatiness1839
1618 B. Holyday Τεχνογαμια iv. i. sig. I2 Neglecting in the meane time more solid obseruations; whilest their fancies (I will not say iudgements) are weakly satisfied with these fruitlesse superficialities.
1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana iii. ii. 143 The praesumed meer superficiality, i.e. Improfundity of the species.
1661 H. Dawbeny Sober Disc. Liturgies vi. 34 The charge of serving God in Prayer with rudeness, unpreparedness, barrenness, superficiality.
1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra Introd. sig. B2 A formal superficiality of Religion.
1749 Visct. Bolingbroke Lett. Spirit Patriotism 58 And hence all that superficiality in speaking, for want of information.
1751 S. Richardson Clarissa (ed. 3) VIII. xlix. 216 Arrogant as some are of their superficialities..a Lady at Eighteen, take the world thro', is more prudent and conversable than a man at Twenty-five.
1823 C. Lamb Mrs. Battle's Opinions on Whist in Elia 77 She despised superficiality, and looked deeper than the colours of things.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxiv. 146 Talkers whose noisy superficiality cost them nothing.
1893 H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey I. xi. 254 The superficiality so common a hundred years ago in religion as in other matters.
1920 School Rev. 28 265 A superficiality of knowledge and a lack of persistency and accuracy in thought and action are too characteristic even of the graduates of our schools.
1963 Life 20 Dec. 158/3 Other impressions accumulated—of cocktail parties, press conferences, and the other superficialities that are part of my job.
2003 New Yorker 28 July 93/1 Murphy has a bee in his bonnet about the superficiality that stains American society, and you can't exactly blame him.
3. Surface area. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > [noun] > a) dimension(s) > property of having two dimensions > surface extent or area
superficialty?a1425
area?a1560
capacity?a1560
superficies1571
content1576
spread1584
continenta1608
containdure1623
surfacea1640
superficiality1690
1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus 327 The Dodecaedron is larger than all the other together..in..Superficiality.
1708 R. Neve Math. made Plain ii. iv. 98 (heading) Of Plano-Steriometry, or the Mensuration of the Superficiality of Solid Bodies.
1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 150 It is necessary to know how to find the superficiality [of solid bodies].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1530
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