sumpn.

Brit.

/sʌmp/, U.S.

/səmp/

Forms: late Middle English sompe, 1500s–1600s sumpe, 1600s– sump, 1700s–1800s sumph, 1800s sumpt.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymons: Dutch somp; Middle Low German sump.

Etymology: < (i) Middle Dutch somp, sump (Dutch regional (West Flanders) zompe ), or its cognate (ii) Middle Low German sump (German regional (Low German) Sump ), cognate with Middle High German sumpf (German Sumpf ), all in the senses ‘marsh, swamp, morass, pool, puddle’ < a different ablaut grade of the Germanic base of swamp n.Compare West Frisian sompe , and ( < Middle Low German) Old Swedish somper (Swedish sump ), early modern Danish sump , sumpe (Danish sump , (now regional) sumpe ). Specific senses. With sense 1 compare swamp n. In the specific uses in mining and metallurgy perhaps after German Sumpf in its specific senses ‘drainage pit’ (already in Middle High German), ‘pit used to collect water at the bottom of a mine, deepest part of a mining shaft’ (late 14th cent.), ‘pit at the bottom of a furnace to collect the metal at the first fusion’ (16th cent.). Earlier attestation in a place name. Earlier currency in sense 1 is apparently implied by the field name Brunes sumpe (1241, Dedham, Essex (now lost)); compare also le Sompe (1450; now The Sump, Hockley, Essex).

1. A marsh, swamp, morass. Later also: a muddy pool or puddle. Now somewhat rare (chiefly regional in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun]

marsheOE

fenc888

sladec893

moorOE

mossOE

marshlandlOE

lay-fena1225

lay-mirea1225

moor-fenc1275

flosha1300

strother?a1300

marish1327

carrc1330

waterlanda1382

gaseync1400

quaba1425

paludec1425

mersec1440

sumpa1450

palus?1473

wash1483

morass1489

oozea1500

bog?a1513

danka1522

fell1538

soga1552

Camarine1576

gog1583

swale1584

sink1594

haga1600

mere1609

flata1616

swamp1624

pocosin1634

frogland1651

slash1652

poldera1669

savannah1671

pond-land1686

red bog1686

swang1691

slack1719

flowa1740

wetland1743

purgatory1760

curragh1780

squall1784

marais1793

vlei1793

muskeg1806

bog-pit1820

prairie1820

fenhood1834

pakihi1851

terai1852

sponge1856

takyr1864

boglet1869

sinkhole1885

grimpen1902

sphagnum bog1911

blanket bog1939

string bog1959

the world > the earth > water > lake > small body or puddle > [noun]

plashlOE

pulkc1300

pludc1325

puddlec1390

sumpa1450

flush1487

dub?a1513

plashet1575

pool1596

slab1610

pudge1671

flodge1696

pant1807

pothole1867

push1886

splashet1896

a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 425 Myth I ryde be sompe and syke.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Sump, Sumph, a bog, a swamp, a miry pool.

1851 Gloss. Provinc. Words Cumberland Sump, a puddle.

1905 J. H. McCarthy Dryad 265 Swift Spanish soldiers came..picking their way easily over the sump in which the Athenians wallowed.

1986 B. Lopez Arctic Dreams ix. 360 In harness they dragged sledges across the trench and rubble of sea ice and through vast sumps of soft snow.

2. Mining.

a. An excavation made underground, typically at or near the bottom of a mine shaft, to collect water seeping into the tunnels of the mine.dredge-sump: see the first element.

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society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > reservoir or sump

sump1633

sump hole1754

standage1842

dib-hole1883

1633 in R. S. France Thievely Lead Mines 1629–1935 (1951) 188 A Lad to drawe a sump.

1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 159 They may cause open'd, Drifts, and Sumps, to see If any one by other wronged be.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis iii. iii. 145 They are mindful to sink their first Shaft in order that they may..have a little Sump or pit in that place as a bason for receiving the water of the Lode.

1866 Morning Star 18 Dec. 6/2 The break-down of a portion of the winding machinery..has prevented the sumph being emptied of its water.

1922 H. H. Stoek et al. Stud. Coal Mine Haulage Illinois iii. xiv. 49 The method generally employed for removing the coal that falls into a sump is to have it hand shoveled into a mine car.

1954 W. D. Walker & J. H. Dumire Coal-mine Hazards from Overlying Gasoline Pipelines (U.S. Bureau Mines Information Circular) No. 7708. 7 The water surface at the central sump of the inactive mine was examined, and evidence of gasoline was not found.

2004 Jrnl. Mammal. 85 379/2 Recycled water from the pit sump.

†b. Chiefly British regional. A mine shaft that does not communicate with the surface, used esp. to provide access or ventilation to different levels of the mine. Also: the bottom of a shaft or far end of a drift under construction. Obsolete.

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society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > horizontal

drift1653

sump1681

heading1811

driftway1843

drive1856

day drift1859

downdrift1868

header1872

1681 T. Houghton Rara Avis in Terris ii. 101 Having first plum'd your Shaft, Turn, Lobs and Sumps by the Rules afore-deliver'd.

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. U3^v The second is so proportioned to supply the first and third Sump, to supply the second, and so on.

1796 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVIII. 142 A shaft or sump, as the miners term it, was made to the depth of several fathoms, immediately below the bottom of the waste.

1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire Gloss. Wind-holes, shafts or sumps sunk to convey wind or air.

1833 T. Sopwith Mining Distr. Alston Moor xi. 129 From the sump a drift is made, and the vein, if rich, is worked by headings and stoups as before.

1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 54 Sump,..in driving a stone drift, or in sinking a pit, that portion kept a yard or more in advance of the drift or pit, to enable the gunpowder to act to greater advantage upon the parts left.

1898 Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc. 25 293 Then a tunnel was driven at right angles in the marls for a short distance and a second shaft called the sump sunk at the end of this tunnel to the rock salt.

†c. British regional (northern). The front section of a block of coal that is being taken out of the coalface. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1849 Mining Almanack 403 Sump,..the part of a judd of coal first brought down.

1880 Trans. Mining Inst. Scotl. 1879–80 1 54 In those cases a hewer may not make such a large jud, and frequently only kirves part of the width, taking out a ‘sump’ or a ‘back end’, as the case may be.

1888 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham (ed. 3) 65 Punch-Prop,..Also a short prop..placed by a hewer under his sump or back-end when there is any danger of its dropping down.

†3. Metallurgy. In a furnace: a pit or receptacle used to collect molten metal. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > other parts of furnaces

sump1673

stoking-hole1683

stoking-place1744

mid-feather1748

bottoming hole1815

trunnel-head1819

keystone1821

vault1825

well1825

nose-hole1832

fore-stone1839

nose1839

tongs-carriage1839

tunnel-head1843

glory-hole1849

1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 114 The mine when melted runs down into the Sump.

1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 424/2 The metal is tapped off into an iron sump.

a. A naturally occurring or man-made pit, pond, reservoir, or tank used to collect water, other liquids, or dissolved or suspended material contained in liquids; a salt pond, cesspool, etc.

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the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well

water piteOE

wellOE

pitOE

pulkc1300

draw-wellc1410

draught-wellc1440

winchc1440

brine-well1594

salt spring1601

sump1680

pump well1699

spout-well1710

sump hole1754

pit-well1756

sink1804

bucket-well1813

artesian well1829

shallow well1877

dip-well1894

garland-well1897

village pump1925

the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] > for evaporating salt

sump1680

sump hole1754

saltgardens1848

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > salt manufacture > [noun] > pond or well providing salt-water

sump1680

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun] > for fluid > sunk or indented

sump1680

well1848

scoop1871

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > sewage treatment > [noun] > use of cesspools or lagoons > cesspool or pit

sink1413

midden pita1425

sinkhole1456

suspiralc1512

sentine1537

dung pit1598

muck pit1598

sinker1623

bumby1632

sump1680

sump hole1754

jaw-hole1760

recess1764

cesspool1783

dead-hole1856

soil-tank1861

cesspit1864

lagoon1909

sewage lagoon1930

1680 Tynemouth Parl. Reg. in Archaeologia Aeliana (1898) New Ser. 19 211 He was drowned in Mr. Lawson's sumpe.

1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 10 The Sea-water they commonly at Spring-Tide let into Ponds called Sumps, from whence 'tis pumpt into their Pans.

1791 R. E. Raspe tr. I. Born Amalgamation Gold & Silver Ores 128 Assays and samples must be taken of the coarsest and heaviest sediment in the bottom of the washing-tub, and of the sediments in the sumps.

1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 45 He had a wooden box or boot made, twelve feet high, which he placed in the sump or well, and into this he inserted the lower end of the pump.

1893 Newcastle Daily Jrnl. 11 July 6/2 It was not true that there were three or four houses with ‘sumps’ in them, giving off offensive odours.

1914 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 24 Mar. 1008/2 The continuous method of washing and cleaning evaporated salt which consists in forming within a sump a saturated brine solution, placing the solution in agitation by withdrawing the same from within the sump and thence returning the withdrawn solution to the said sump.

1975 Sci. Amer. Oct. 23/3 As fast as the heavy water leaked out it was collected in a sump and pumped directly back into the reactor.

2005 National Business Rev. (N.Z.) (Nexis) 23 Sept. 52 A hearing before independent commissioners..will determine if the airport can continue to channel waste water into sumps in the ground that are surrounded by filtering stones and sand.

b. figurative. Something likened to a drainage pit or cesspool.

ΚΠ

1963 T. Morris & P. Morris Pentonville iii. 69 Pentonville represents one of the sumps of the English prison system; a receptacle into which the sludge is continuously drained.

2003 New Statesman (Nexis) 8 Sept. In the sump of society, a vortex into which everyone is sucked, all manner of yellow pressmen, porn stars and gangsters figure.

5. A reservoir containing lubricating oil for an engine; (in later use) spec. one attached to the bottom of the crankcase of an internal combustion engine; = oil sump n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 4a(b). Also called oil pan.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > other parts

thermo-siphon1834

crank-case1878

manifolda1884

hot tube1889

sump1894

hit-and-miss governor1897

engine pit1903

retard1903

head1904

gasket1915

gravity tank1917

cylinder block1923

transfer case1923

swirl chamber1934

manifolding1938

ignition switch1952

catalytic converter1955

small block1963

cat1988

1894 Electr. Engineer 30 Nov. 629/1 The oil escaping from the bearings drains into the lower part of the crank-chamber and thence into a sump placed below the level of the engine-room floor.

1904 Automotor Jrnl. 30 July 899/1 The oil is then allowed to drain back into the sump from which the pump takes its supply.

1980 J. McClure Blood of Englishman i. 9 Droopy was removing the sump... He..extended a hand for a No. 8 ring spanner.

2011 T. Fry Caring for your Car iv. 53 The drain plug will be set into the bottom of the sump/oil pan, or on the side close to the bottom.

6. Caving and Diving. An underground passage or chamber in which water collects; esp. one that is flooded.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > pot-hole or swallow-hole

water sink1553

swallow1610

swallow-hole1660

estuary1665

swallet1668

cockpit1683

sinkhole1772

sink1791

pot1797

water-swallow1811

shake-hole1823

pothole1826

fleet-hole1839

spout hole1849

katavothron1869

ponor1890

sump1951

1951 C. H. D. Cullingford Exploring Caves iii. 46 Strictly speaking, a sump is a chamber where water collects at the lowest level in a system where water circulates (compare the ‘sump’ in a motor-car engine).

1967 Potholing & Caving (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) 20/1 To penetrate sumps which are too long for ‘free diving’ (some of them more than 200 ft. in length), breathing apparatus has to be used.

2018 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 15 July The first section of the dive was the longest sump—350 yards entirely underwater.

Compounds

sump drift n. Mining a drift (drift n. 15) that conveys water to a sump.

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society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > horizontal > types of

level1721

roadway1832

side drift1837

narrow1850

entry1854

rise heading1872

cross-head1877

sump drift1880

gopher-drift1881

stone-heading1892

1880 Mining & Sci. Press (San Francisco) 7 Aug. 85/2 Work in the sump drift on the 3000 level progresses well.

1908 Bi-monthly Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers Nov. 776 At C, Fig. 3, is a sump-drift, supplying sump, A, with clear water, from which level it is raised to the surface by pumps.

1980 CIM Bull. (Canad. Inst. Mining & Metall.) Apr. 76/2 Mining in the open pit had advanced to within 90 feet of the 600-level sump drift by the end of 1978.

sump fuse n. Mining a waterproof fuse used in underwater blasting.

ΚΠ

1833 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 27 Aug. For wet holes, Sump Fuze and Waterproof Chargers may be had, by the use of which Rocks may be blasted with ease several feet under water.

1840 Mechanics' Mag. 26 Dec. 603/2 Having placed the cartridge bag with the necessary quantity of powder therein and sump fuse attached, in the hole, a sufficient quantity of sand..is to be poured in to fill the hole.

1950 Sydney Morning Herald 7 Oct. 15/3 (advt.) Heavy pistons, liners, and crank-shafts...5 cases blue sump fuse (34290ft) and various other items.

sump guard n. a cowling used to protect the sump of a motor vehicle from being damaged by road debris.Quot. 1951 shows a use of oil-sump guard in the same sense (cf. oil sump n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 4a(b)).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > covering over specific parts

cowling1917

sump guard1957

1951 Commerc. Motor 7 Dec. 487/1 An oil-sump guard made from heavy-gauge corrugated steel is an accessory for Big Bedford vehicles which has recently been marketed.]

1957 Commerc. Motor 15 Feb. 79/2 Various accessories..include a range of fresh-air heaters, a 60W. fog lamp, windscreen washers, reversing lamp, an extra driving mirror, a petrol-tank lock and a sump guard.

1980 J. Barnett Palmprint vii. 62 A heavy stone clanged against the sumpguard.

2001 Times 22 Oct. (Sports Daily) s7/3 A rock, the size of a cricket ball, bent the protective sump guard under the engine.

sump head n. Mining (now chiefly historical) the uppermost part of a sump shaft.

ΚΠ

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. T3^v Spurfork, a small sort of Fork..sometimes used to hold Doorsteds in Drifts, or at Sumpheads asunder.

1887 Geol. Mag. 3rd Decade 4 407 The Workmen themselves, but more especially the Labourers, at the Sump-heads and in the Gates, have been often affrighted with such a Noise and dismal Rattle, as if sometimes the Shaft had run in.

1996 S. Murphy Grey Gold vi. 127 Thomas Jewell and his three partners cut out a sump head and sank the first part of the sump which bears his name nearly 12 fm from February to June 1873.

sump hole n. a pit or hole (either in a mine or at ground level) used to collect water or other liquids; a cesspool; also figurative (cf. cesspool n. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well

water piteOE

wellOE

pitOE

pulkc1300

draw-wellc1410

draught-wellc1440

winchc1440

brine-well1594

salt spring1601

sump1680

pump well1699

spout-well1710

sump hole1754

pit-well1756

sink1804

bucket-well1813

artesian well1829

shallow well1877

dip-well1894

garland-well1897

village pump1925

the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] > for evaporating salt

sump1680

sump hole1754

saltgardens1848

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > reservoir or sump

sump1633

sump hole1754

standage1842

dib-hole1883

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > sewage treatment > [noun] > use of cesspools or lagoons > cesspool or pit

sink1413

midden pita1425

sinkhole1456

suspiralc1512

sentine1537

dung pit1598

muck pit1598

sinker1623

bumby1632

sump1680

sump hole1754

jaw-hole1760

recess1764

cesspool1783

dead-hole1856

soil-tank1861

cesspit1864

lagoon1909

sewage lagoon1930

1754 Acct. 5 Oct. in Denison Family Papers (W. Yorks. Archive Service: WYL160/129/4) Dressing the Sumphole.

1840 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 2 404 Why is it that parts of the North-east and North-west wards are germs of fever and hot-beds of disease? Because sump-holes, stagnant water, and inundated or damp cellars everywhere abound in them.

1919 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 58 327 Well-constructed trenches are floored with a duckboard path and under-drained by a gutter with occasional sumpholes which are emptied by suction pumps.

1955 S. J. Perelman Let. 20 Nov. in Don't tread on Me (1987) 180 Someone a good deal more articulate than me will have to chronicle the miles of cheap shoe-stores, costume jewelry booths,..not to mention the tide of raddled faces that undulates past... This really is the sump-hole of the universe.

2006 J. Nadin Lancs. Mining Disasters i. iv. 25 Rescuers descended into the sump hole where the mine water collects at the shaft bottom.

sump man n. Mining (now historical) a worker who assists a pitman in sinking mine shafts or operating pumping machinery.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who works specific mining equipment

sump man1825

pipeman1863

pumpman1902

winding-engineman1904

1825 B. Disraeli Inq. Amer. Mining Companies (ed. 3) 47 Upwards of 140 English, in the various capacities of smelters, metallurgists,..blacksmiths, sumpmen, &c. form the expedition.

1921 Classified Index Occupations (U.S. Bureau of Census) 34/1 Sump man, coal mine.

2000 B. A. Tenebaum & J. N. McElveen in O. Marshall English-Speaking Communities Lat. Amer. i. iii. 53 John Rule..had recruited throughout Cornwall for the captains, carpenters, miners, sumpmen, engineers, wheelwrights, foundrymen and mill-men.

sump oil n. (a) oil collected from the sump of an oil well (now rare); (b) lubricating oil in the sump of an engine, esp. that of a motor vehicle.

ΚΠ

1903 Daily Californian (Bakersfield) 26 June 5/3 From the best information sump oil seems to be selling at from 20 to 25 cents at the well.

1950 Pop. Mech. May 148/1 Every year about 500,000,000 gallons of sump oil are spread on dirt roads to lay the dust, hauled away to dumps, burned as low-cost fuel, or poured down the drain.

2013 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 Sept. 6 A failed turbo oil seal might have caused the turbo to siphon sump oil into the combustion chambers.

sump pit n. now chiefly North American a pit or hole used to collect water or other liquids; (now) esp. one dug beneath the basement of a building to collect rainwater and excess moisture, from where it is pumped out.

ΚΠ

1864 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 15 Oct. Suppl. 9/6 A number of men were engaged in emptying the ‘sump pit’ at the bottom of the shaft.

1916 Struct. Conservation 2 11/2 We used a system of drains connected with a sump pit under the concrete floors of these deep basements.

1972 Arctic Anthropol. 9 5/2 Excavators at Itazuke found six very deep pits... Their situation suggests instead that they were dug as sump pits to aid in drainage.

2004 R. German Remodeling Basement i. 10/2 Water seeping around or under the foundation and floor flows to the lowest point,..drains to the sump pit, and is pumped away.

sump plank n. Mining (now rare) a plank used in covering the bottom of a shaft.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > bottom of mine or working > part of temporary bottom

sump plank1845

1845 Wolverhampton Chron. 15 Oct. 3/2 A man on the pit bank, Edward Thomas, hooted to the engine-man to ‘short’, and as soon as he did so, heard the deceased fall on the sump planks.

1872 Engineering 24 May 352/2 The sump planks at the bottom of the shaft are likewise exposed to violent concussions from the cage coming down to rest upon them.

1931 Colliery Guardian 21 Aug. 652/2 The sump planks were not, as a rule, put back after bailing operations.

sump pump n. chiefly North American a pump used to remove water or other liquid from a sump; (in later use) esp. one used to drain the sump pit of a building.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1108/1 Hogger pump, the top pump in the sinking-pit of a mine. The lower is the sump-pump.

1933 Sewage Wks. Jrnl. 5 807 The sump pump handles wash water from the lower floor of the station, and from the underdrains of the building.

2017 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 30 July 11 As floodwater approaches, a key weapon in keeping it out of your house is a functioning sump pump.

sump shaft n. Mining (now chiefly historical) a shaft that has a sump (sense 2a) or that provides access to different levels of a mine (cf. sense 2b).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > other types

stulm1693

whim-shaft1759

sump shaft1778

channel1816

staple1818

incline shaft1842

raise1877

stair-pit1883

subshaft1889

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 171 Sumph shaft western bottoms.

1869 R. F. Burton Explor. Highlands Brazil I. xxv. 249 Higher up the [pumping] process is carried on by the plunger-bolts, until the water is conveyed through the sump-shaft to the surface.

1913 Amer. & Eng. Annotated Cases XXVIII. 20/1 There was a ‘sump’ shaft, with a cage in it, communicating between the two levels [of a mine]. This the men often used, although it was dangerous.

2013 Western Morning News (Plymouth) 13 July (Art & Antiques section) 4 Unusual photographic postcards and images including..a group of miners at the new sump shaft Old Dolcoath.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sump
释义	sumpn. Brit. /sʌmp/, U.S. /səmp/ Forms: late Middle English sompe, 1500s–1600s sumpe, 1600s– sump, 1700s–1800s sumph, 1800s sumpt. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymons: Dutch somp; Middle Low German sump. Etymology: < (i) Middle Dutch somp, sump (Dutch regional (West Flanders) zompe ), or its cognate (ii) Middle Low German sump (German regional (Low German) Sump ), cognate with Middle High German sumpf (German Sumpf ), all in the senses ‘marsh, swamp, morass, pool, puddle’ < a different ablaut grade of the Germanic base of swamp n.Compare West Frisian sompe , and ( < Middle Low German) Old Swedish somper (Swedish sump ), early modern Danish sump , sumpe (Danish sump , (now regional) sumpe ). Specific senses. With sense 1 compare swamp n. In the specific uses in mining and metallurgy perhaps after German Sumpf in its specific senses ‘drainage pit’ (already in Middle High German), ‘pit used to collect water at the bottom of a mine, deepest part of a mining shaft’ (late 14th cent.), ‘pit at the bottom of a furnace to collect the metal at the first fusion’ (16th cent.). Earlier attestation in a place name. Earlier currency in sense 1 is apparently implied by the field name Brunes sumpe (1241, Dedham, Essex (now lost)); compare also le Sompe (1450; now The Sump, Hockley, Essex). 1. A marsh, swamp, morass. Later also: a muddy pool or puddle. Now somewhat rare (chiefly regional in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] marsheOE fenc888 sladec893 moorOE mossOE marshlandlOE lay-fena1225 lay-mirea1225 moor-fenc1275 flosha1300 strother?a1300 marish1327 carrc1330 waterlanda1382 gaseync1400 quaba1425 paludec1425 mersec1440 sumpa1450 palus?1473 wash1483 morass1489 oozea1500 bog?a1513 danka1522 fell1538 soga1552 Camarine1576 gog1583 swale1584 sink1594 haga1600 mere1609 flata1616 swamp1624 pocosin1634 frogland1651 slash1652 poldera1669 savannah1671 pond-land1686 red bog1686 swang1691 slack1719 flowa1740 wetland1743 purgatory1760 curragh1780 squall1784 marais1793 vlei1793 muskeg1806 bog-pit1820 prairie1820 fenhood1834 pakihi1851 terai1852 sponge1856 takyr1864 boglet1869 sinkhole1885 grimpen1902 sphagnum bog1911 blanket bog1939 string bog1959 the world > the earth > water > lake > small body or puddle > [noun] plashlOE pulkc1300 pludc1325 puddlec1390 sumpa1450 flush1487 dub?a1513 plashet1575 pool1596 slab1610 pudge1671 flodge1696 pant1807 pothole1867 push1886 splashet1896 a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 425 Myth I ryde be sompe and syke. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Sump, Sumph, a bog, a swamp, a miry pool. 1851 Gloss. Provinc. Words Cumberland Sump, a puddle. 1905 J. H. McCarthy Dryad 265 Swift Spanish soldiers came..picking their way easily over the sump in which the Athenians wallowed. 1986 B. Lopez Arctic Dreams ix. 360 In harness they dragged sledges across the trench and rubble of sea ice and through vast sumps of soft snow. 2. Mining. a. An excavation made underground, typically at or near the bottom of a mine shaft, to collect water seeping into the tunnels of the mine.dredge-sump: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > reservoir or sump sump1633 sump hole1754 standage1842 dib-hole1883 1633 in R. S. France Thievely Lead Mines 1629–1935 (1951) 188 A Lad to drawe a sump. 1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 159 They may cause open'd, Drifts, and Sumps, to see If any one by other wronged be. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis iii. iii. 145 They are mindful to sink their first Shaft in order that they may..have a little Sump or pit in that place as a bason for receiving the water of the Lode. 1866 Morning Star 18 Dec. 6/2 The break-down of a portion of the winding machinery..has prevented the sumph being emptied of its water. 1922 H. H. Stoek et al. Stud. Coal Mine Haulage Illinois iii. xiv. 49 The method generally employed for removing the coal that falls into a sump is to have it hand shoveled into a mine car. 1954 W. D. Walker & J. H. Dumire Coal-mine Hazards from Overlying Gasoline Pipelines (U.S. Bureau Mines Information Circular) No. 7708. 7 The water surface at the central sump of the inactive mine was examined, and evidence of gasoline was not found. 2004 Jrnl. Mammal. 85 379/2 Recycled water from the pit sump. †b. Chiefly British regional. A mine shaft that does not communicate with the surface, used esp. to provide access or ventilation to different levels of the mine. Also: the bottom of a shaft or far end of a drift under construction. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > horizontal drift1653 sump1681 heading1811 driftway1843 drive1856 day drift1859 downdrift1868 header1872 1681 T. Houghton Rara Avis in Terris ii. 101 Having first plum'd your Shaft, Turn, Lobs and Sumps by the Rules afore-deliver'd. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. U3^v The second is so proportioned to supply the first and third Sump, to supply the second, and so on. 1796 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVIII. 142 A shaft or sump, as the miners term it, was made to the depth of several fathoms, immediately below the bottom of the waste. 1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire Gloss. Wind-holes, shafts or sumps sunk to convey wind or air. 1833 T. Sopwith Mining Distr. Alston Moor xi. 129 From the sump a drift is made, and the vein, if rich, is worked by headings and stoups as before. 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 54 Sump,..in driving a stone drift, or in sinking a pit, that portion kept a yard or more in advance of the drift or pit, to enable the gunpowder to act to greater advantage upon the parts left. 1898 Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc. 25 293 Then a tunnel was driven at right angles in the marls for a short distance and a second shaft called the sump sunk at the end of this tunnel to the rock salt. †c. British regional (northern). The front section of a block of coal that is being taken out of the coalface. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1849 Mining Almanack 403 Sump,..the part of a judd of coal first brought down. 1880 Trans. Mining Inst. Scotl. 1879–80 1 54 In those cases a hewer may not make such a large jud, and frequently only kirves part of the width, taking out a ‘sump’ or a ‘back end’, as the case may be. 1888 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham (ed. 3) 65 Punch-Prop,..Also a short prop..placed by a hewer under his sump or back-end when there is any danger of its dropping down. †3. Metallurgy. In a furnace: a pit or receptacle used to collect molten metal. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > other parts of furnaces sump1673 stoking-hole1683 stoking-place1744 mid-feather1748 bottoming hole1815 trunnel-head1819 keystone1821 vault1825 well1825 nose-hole1832 fore-stone1839 nose1839 tongs-carriage1839 tunnel-head1843 glory-hole1849 1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 114 The mine when melted runs down into the Sump. 1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 424/2 The metal is tapped off into an iron sump. 4. a. A naturally occurring or man-made pit, pond, reservoir, or tank used to collect water, other liquids, or dissolved or suspended material contained in liquids; a salt pond, cesspool, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well water piteOE wellOE pitOE pulkc1300 draw-wellc1410 draught-wellc1440 winchc1440 brine-well1594 salt spring1601 sump1680 pump well1699 spout-well1710 sump hole1754 pit-well1756 sink1804 bucket-well1813 artesian well1829 shallow well1877 dip-well1894 garland-well1897 village pump1925 the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] > for evaporating salt sump1680 sump hole1754 saltgardens1848 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > salt manufacture > [noun] > pond or well providing salt-water sump1680 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > [noun] > for fluid > sunk or indented sump1680 well1848 scoop1871 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > sewage treatment > [noun] > use of cesspools or lagoons > cesspool or pit sink1413 midden pita1425 sinkhole1456 suspiralc1512 sentine1537 dung pit1598 muck pit1598 sinker1623 bumby1632 sump1680 sump hole1754 jaw-hole1760 recess1764 cesspool1783 dead-hole1856 soil-tank1861 cesspit1864 lagoon1909 sewage lagoon1930 1680 Tynemouth Parl. Reg. in Archaeologia Aeliana (1898) New Ser. 19 211 He was drowned in Mr. Lawson's sumpe. 1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 10 The Sea-water they commonly at Spring-Tide let into Ponds called Sumps, from whence 'tis pumpt into their Pans. 1791 R. E. Raspe tr. I. Born Amalgamation Gold & Silver Ores 128 Assays and samples must be taken of the coarsest and heaviest sediment in the bottom of the washing-tub, and of the sediments in the sumps. 1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 45 He had a wooden box or boot made, twelve feet high, which he placed in the sump or well, and into this he inserted the lower end of the pump. 1893 Newcastle Daily Jrnl. 11 July 6/2 It was not true that there were three or four houses with ‘sumps’ in them, giving off offensive odours. 1914 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 24 Mar. 1008/2 The continuous method of washing and cleaning evaporated salt which consists in forming within a sump a saturated brine solution, placing the solution in agitation by withdrawing the same from within the sump and thence returning the withdrawn solution to the said sump. 1975 Sci. Amer. Oct. 23/3 As fast as the heavy water leaked out it was collected in a sump and pumped directly back into the reactor. 2005 National Business Rev. (N.Z.) (Nexis) 23 Sept. 52 A hearing before independent commissioners..will determine if the airport can continue to channel waste water into sumps in the ground that are surrounded by filtering stones and sand. b. figurative. Something likened to a drainage pit or cesspool. ΚΠ 1963 T. Morris & P. Morris Pentonville iii. 69 Pentonville represents one of the sumps of the English prison system; a receptacle into which the sludge is continuously drained. 2003 New Statesman (Nexis) 8 Sept. In the sump of society, a vortex into which everyone is sucked, all manner of yellow pressmen, porn stars and gangsters figure. 5. A reservoir containing lubricating oil for an engine; (in later use) spec. one attached to the bottom of the crankcase of an internal combustion engine; = oil sump n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 4a(b). Also called oil pan. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > other parts thermo-siphon1834 crank-case1878 manifolda1884 hot tube1889 sump1894 hit-and-miss governor1897 engine pit1903 retard1903 head1904 gasket1915 gravity tank1917 cylinder block1923 transfer case1923 swirl chamber1934 manifolding1938 ignition switch1952 catalytic converter1955 small block1963 cat1988 1894 Electr. Engineer 30 Nov. 629/1 The oil escaping from the bearings drains into the lower part of the crank-chamber and thence into a sump placed below the level of the engine-room floor. 1904 Automotor Jrnl. 30 July 899/1 The oil is then allowed to drain back into the sump from which the pump takes its supply. 1980 J. McClure Blood of Englishman i. 9 Droopy was removing the sump... He..extended a hand for a No. 8 ring spanner. 2011 T. Fry Caring for your Car iv. 53 The drain plug will be set into the bottom of the sump/oil pan, or on the side close to the bottom. 6. Caving and Diving. An underground passage or chamber in which water collects; esp. one that is flooded. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > pot-hole or swallow-hole water sink1553 swallow1610 swallow-hole1660 estuary1665 swallet1668 cockpit1683 sinkhole1772 sink1791 pot1797 water-swallow1811 shake-hole1823 pothole1826 fleet-hole1839 spout hole1849 katavothron1869 ponor1890 sump1951 1951 C. H. D. Cullingford Exploring Caves iii. 46 Strictly speaking, a sump is a chamber where water collects at the lowest level in a system where water circulates (compare the ‘sump’ in a motor-car engine). 1967 Potholing & Caving (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) 20/1 To penetrate sumps which are too long for ‘free diving’ (some of them more than 200 ft. in length), breathing apparatus has to be used. 2018 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 15 July The first section of the dive was the longest sump—350 yards entirely underwater. Compounds sump drift n. Mining a drift (drift n. 15) that conveys water to a sump. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > horizontal > types of level1721 roadway1832 side drift1837 narrow1850 entry1854 rise heading1872 cross-head1877 sump drift1880 gopher-drift1881 stone-heading1892 1880 Mining & Sci. Press (San Francisco) 7 Aug. 85/2 Work in the sump drift on the 3000 level progresses well. 1908 Bi-monthly Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers Nov. 776 At C, Fig. 3, is a sump-drift, supplying sump, A, with clear water, from which level it is raised to the surface by pumps. 1980 CIM Bull. (Canad. Inst. Mining & Metall.) Apr. 76/2 Mining in the open pit had advanced to within 90 feet of the 600-level sump drift by the end of 1978. sump fuse n. Mining a waterproof fuse used in underwater blasting. ΚΠ 1833 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 27 Aug. For wet holes, Sump Fuze and Waterproof Chargers may be had, by the use of which Rocks may be blasted with ease several feet under water. 1840 Mechanics' Mag. 26 Dec. 603/2 Having placed the cartridge bag with the necessary quantity of powder therein and sump fuse attached, in the hole, a sufficient quantity of sand..is to be poured in to fill the hole. 1950 Sydney Morning Herald 7 Oct. 15/3 (advt.) Heavy pistons, liners, and crank-shafts...5 cases blue sump fuse (34290ft) and various other items. sump guard n. a cowling used to protect the sump of a motor vehicle from being damaged by road debris.Quot. 1951 shows a use of oil-sump guard in the same sense (cf. oil sump n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 4a(b)). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > covering over specific parts cowling1917 sump guard1957 1951 Commerc. Motor 7 Dec. 487/1 An oil-sump guard made from heavy-gauge corrugated steel is an accessory for Big Bedford vehicles which has recently been marketed.] 1957 Commerc. Motor 15 Feb. 79/2 Various accessories..include a range of fresh-air heaters, a 60W. fog lamp, windscreen washers, reversing lamp, an extra driving mirror, a petrol-tank lock and a sump guard. 1980 J. Barnett Palmprint vii. 62 A heavy stone clanged against the sumpguard. 2001 Times 22 Oct. (Sports Daily) s7/3 A rock, the size of a cricket ball, bent the protective sump guard under the engine. sump head n. Mining (now chiefly historical) the uppermost part of a sump shaft. ΚΠ 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. T3^v Spurfork, a small sort of Fork..sometimes used to hold Doorsteds in Drifts, or at Sumpheads asunder. 1887 Geol. Mag. 3rd Decade 4 407 The Workmen themselves, but more especially the Labourers, at the Sump-heads and in the Gates, have been often affrighted with such a Noise and dismal Rattle, as if sometimes the Shaft had run in. 1996 S. Murphy Grey Gold vi. 127 Thomas Jewell and his three partners cut out a sump head and sank the first part of the sump which bears his name nearly 12 fm from February to June 1873. sump hole n. a pit or hole (either in a mine or at ground level) used to collect water or other liquids; a cesspool; also figurative (cf. cesspool n. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well water piteOE wellOE pitOE pulkc1300 draw-wellc1410 draught-wellc1440 winchc1440 brine-well1594 salt spring1601 sump1680 pump well1699 spout-well1710 sump hole1754 pit-well1756 sink1804 bucket-well1813 artesian well1829 shallow well1877 dip-well1894 garland-well1897 village pump1925 the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] > for evaporating salt sump1680 sump hole1754 saltgardens1848 society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > reservoir or sump sump1633 sump hole1754 standage1842 dib-hole1883 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > sewage treatment > [noun] > use of cesspools or lagoons > cesspool or pit sink1413 midden pita1425 sinkhole1456 suspiralc1512 sentine1537 dung pit1598 muck pit1598 sinker1623 bumby1632 sump1680 sump hole1754 jaw-hole1760 recess1764 cesspool1783 dead-hole1856 soil-tank1861 cesspit1864 lagoon1909 sewage lagoon1930 1754 Acct. 5 Oct. in Denison Family Papers (W. Yorks. Archive Service: WYL160/129/4) Dressing the Sumphole. 1840 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 2 404 Why is it that parts of the North-east and North-west wards are germs of fever and hot-beds of disease? Because sump-holes, stagnant water, and inundated or damp cellars everywhere abound in them. 1919 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 58 327 Well-constructed trenches are floored with a duckboard path and under-drained by a gutter with occasional sumpholes which are emptied by suction pumps. 1955 S. J. Perelman Let. 20 Nov. in Don't tread on Me (1987) 180 Someone a good deal more articulate than me will have to chronicle the miles of cheap shoe-stores, costume jewelry booths,..not to mention the tide of raddled faces that undulates past... This really is the sump-hole of the universe. 2006 J. Nadin Lancs. Mining Disasters i. iv. 25 Rescuers descended into the sump hole where the mine water collects at the shaft bottom. sump man n. Mining (now historical) a worker who assists a pitman in sinking mine shafts or operating pumping machinery. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who works specific mining equipment sump man1825 pipeman1863 pumpman1902 winding-engineman1904 1825 B. Disraeli Inq. Amer. Mining Companies (ed. 3) 47 Upwards of 140 English, in the various capacities of smelters, metallurgists,..blacksmiths, sumpmen, &c. form the expedition. 1921 Classified Index Occupations (U.S. Bureau of Census) 34/1 Sump man, coal mine. 2000 B. A. Tenebaum & J. N. McElveen in O. Marshall English-Speaking Communities Lat. Amer. i. iii. 53 John Rule..had recruited throughout Cornwall for the captains, carpenters, miners, sumpmen, engineers, wheelwrights, foundrymen and mill-men. sump oil n. (a) oil collected from the sump of an oil well (now rare); (b) lubricating oil in the sump of an engine, esp. that of a motor vehicle. ΚΠ 1903 Daily Californian (Bakersfield) 26 June 5/3 From the best information sump oil seems to be selling at from 20 to 25 cents at the well. 1950 Pop. Mech. May 148/1 Every year about 500,000,000 gallons of sump oil are spread on dirt roads to lay the dust, hauled away to dumps, burned as low-cost fuel, or poured down the drain. 2013 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 Sept. 6 A failed turbo oil seal might have caused the turbo to siphon sump oil into the combustion chambers. sump pit n. now chiefly North American a pit or hole used to collect water or other liquids; (now) esp. one dug beneath the basement of a building to collect rainwater and excess moisture, from where it is pumped out. ΚΠ 1864 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 15 Oct. Suppl. 9/6 A number of men were engaged in emptying the ‘sump pit’ at the bottom of the shaft. 1916 Struct. Conservation 2 11/2 We used a system of drains connected with a sump pit under the concrete floors of these deep basements. 1972 Arctic Anthropol. 9 5/2 Excavators at Itazuke found six very deep pits... Their situation suggests instead that they were dug as sump pits to aid in drainage. 2004 R. German Remodeling Basement i. 10/2 Water seeping around or under the foundation and floor flows to the lowest point,..drains to the sump pit, and is pumped away. sump plank n. Mining (now rare) a plank used in covering the bottom of a shaft. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > bottom of mine or working > part of temporary bottom sump plank1845 1845 Wolverhampton Chron. 15 Oct. 3/2 A man on the pit bank, Edward Thomas, hooted to the engine-man to ‘short’, and as soon as he did so, heard the deceased fall on the sump planks. 1872 Engineering 24 May 352/2 The sump planks at the bottom of the shaft are likewise exposed to violent concussions from the cage coming down to rest upon them. 1931 Colliery Guardian 21 Aug. 652/2 The sump planks were not, as a rule, put back after bailing operations. sump pump n. chiefly North American a pump used to remove water or other liquid from a sump; (in later use) esp. one used to drain the sump pit of a building. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1108/1 Hogger pump, the top pump in the sinking-pit of a mine. The lower is the sump-pump. 1933 Sewage Wks. Jrnl. 5 807 The sump pump handles wash water from the lower floor of the station, and from the underdrains of the building. 2017 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 30 July 11 As floodwater approaches, a key weapon in keeping it out of your house is a functioning sump pump. sump shaft n. Mining (now chiefly historical) a shaft that has a sump (sense 2a) or that provides access to different levels of a mine (cf. sense 2b). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > shaft > other types stulm1693 whim-shaft1759 sump shaft1778 channel1816 staple1818 incline shaft1842 raise1877 stair-pit1883 subshaft1889 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 171 Sumph shaft western bottoms. 1869 R. F. Burton Explor. Highlands Brazil I. xxv. 249 Higher up the [pumping] process is carried on by the plunger-bolts, until the water is conveyed through the sump-shaft to the surface. 1913 Amer. & Eng. Annotated Cases XXVIII. 20/1 There was a ‘sump’ shaft, with a cage in it, communicating between the two levels [of a mine]. This the men often used, although it was dangerous. 2013 Western Morning News (Plymouth) 13 July (Art & Antiques section) 4 Unusual photographic postcards and images including..a group of miners at the new sump shaft Old Dolcoath. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sumpv. Brit. /sʌmp/, U.S. /səmp/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: sump n. Etymology: < sump n. Mining. †1. intransitive. To excavate a mine shaft. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > dig shaft sump1700 stope1778 drift1849 drive1859 raise1872 1700 2nd Abstr. State of Mines Bwlchyr-Eskir-Hyr 12 in W. Shiers Familiar Disc. conc. Mine-adventure We are Sumping and driving in the new Work in good firm..Oar. 1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 277 Many [miners]..were sumping, driving, and roofing in other parts of the work. 2. transitive. To insert (a cutting device) into a coalface or rock face. Occasionally also intransitive: to enter or make a cut in a coalface or rock face. Also with in, into. Cf. sump n. 2c, sumping n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > other (coal-)mining procedures underbeit1670 buck1683 bank1705 bunding1747 urge1758 slappet1811 tamp1819 jowl1825 stack1832 sprag1841 hurry1847 bottom1851 salt1852 pipe1861 mill1868 tram1883 stope1886 sump1910 crow-pick1920 stockpile1921 spec1981 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > other specific activities in mining > in coal-mining trap1842 ride1854 overwind1858 sump1910 1910 Coal Trade Jrnl. 29 June 515/2 They sump in on one side and travel across the place on a chain. 1921 Coal Age 5 May 786/1 The cutter bar is placed against the roof and sumped in to its full length of 9 ft. 1927 Goodman Mining Handbk. (Goodman Manuf. Co.) 402 When sumped, the cutterarm is fed downward and the shearing cut completed. 1966 S. D. Woodruff Methods Working Coal & Metal Mines III. 176 The cutting head is lowered to the floor and sumped into the coal. 2014 N. Bilgin et al. Mech. Excavation in Mining & Civil Industr. xv. 323 They [sc. chain saws] reduce production and time losses due to their ability of sumping horizontally or vertically to enter a new bench. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1450v.1700
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sumpn.

Compounds

sumpv.