† summityn.

Forms: late Middle English summite, late Middle English summitee, late Middle English summyte, late Middle English sumyte, 1500s sommitie, 1500s sumitie, 1500s–1600s summitie, 1500s–1600s summitye, 1500s–1800s summity, 1600s summytie; also Scottish pre-1700 sumite, pre-1700 summitie, pre-1700 summyte, pre-1700 summytie.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French sommité.

Etymology: < Middle French sommité, summité (French sommité ; now archaic) highest point or topmost part of certain things (end of the 13th cent. in Old French; the figurative uses in sense 3 are not paralleled in French until considerably later than in English: 19th cent.) < classical Latin summitās (in geometry) surface (2nd cent. a.d. in a writer on land surveying), (in philosophy) culminating state (2nd cent. a.d. in Apuleius), in post-classical Latin also end, extremity (Vulgate), highest degree (2nd or 3rd cent. in Tertullian), top part, supreme highness in rank or authority (4th cent.), supreme importance, key point (12th cent. in British sources) < summus highest, the top of (see sum n.¹) + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix).Compare Catalan summitat, Spanish sumidad, Italian sommità (all 14th cent.), Portuguese summidade (late 16th cent.).

Obsolete (archaic in later use).

1. The topmost part of something; = summit n. 1a.Quot. ?a1425 could alternatively show a form of summit n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top

headOE

copa1000

heightOE

topc1000

highestlOE

crest1382

coperounc1400

summita1425

summity?a1425

toppet1439

altitude?a1475

upperest1484

principala1533

pitcha1552

supremity1584

culm1587

period1595

spire1600

upward1608

cope1609

fastigium1641

vertex1641

culmen1646

supreme1652

tip-top1702

peak1785

helm1893

altaltissimo1975

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 103^v (MED) Þe arme be streched out, and be þer put in þi fist, or þi nefe, or fyngers, or þe summyte [L. summitas] of þi shuldre vnder þe armehole.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 240 Sette hem [sc. seeds] myddel depe in drie Lond and in weet lond in the summyte [c1450 Bodl. Add. summitee; L. summitate; rhyme be] Aboue.

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xiv. sig. E.j. The very summitie or vpmost parte of the thing to be measured.

1585 S. Daniel in tr. P. Giovio Worthy Tract contayning Disc. Imprese To Sir E. Dimmock sig. *.ij On the sommitie of some high Piller.

?1600 H. Plat Delightes for Ladies sig. E7^v The oyle..fleeting on the top or summity of your water.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Baroscope The Summity of the Tube is for a Space void of Quicksilver.

1742 W. Ellis Timber-tree Improved (ed. 3) II. 82 For Fuel, great and small Coal, which is made by charring the slenderest Birch and Summities of the Twigs; as, of the Tops and Loppings.

2. The highest point or ridge of a mountain, hill, or similar geographical feature; = summit n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > summit

knollc888

knapc1000

copc1374

crest?a1400

head?a1425

summit1481

summitya1500

mountain topa1522

hilltop1530

stump1664

scalp1810

bald1838

van1871

dod1878

berg-top1953

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 984 On est half fra þe Caspis se, Swa risande in til summyte [a1550 Wemyss summytie].

a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 1665 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 275 Frome hicht of þe sumiteis Descendand amongis þe waleis.

?1556 L. Digges Tectonicon vi. sig. C.ii First ye shal mesure the circuite of the fote, or base of the Mountain: then the compasse of the summitie or toppe.

1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes i. 37 Vpon the summity of the high hill, is a flat of great circuit.

1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 62 When we reach'd the Summities where we hoped to find very uncommon things, we were forc'd to give over our design by the Fog and Snow.

3. figurative.

a. The highest attainable point of achievement, success, development, etc.; = summit n. 3. [In quot. 1862 probably after French sommité sociale (1823 or earlier in this sense; 1824 or earlier in sense ‘eminent person’).]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > peak of perfection

perfection1340

pointc1400

pinnaclec1450

firmament1526

tipe1548

vertical point1559

acmea1568

status1577

summity1588

sublimation1591

turret1593

topgallant1597

non ultra?1606

vertical1611

non plus ultra1647

ne ultraa1657

verticle1658

summit1661

ne plus ultra1664

ne plus1665

nonplus1670

tip-top1702

pink1720

sublime1748

eminencea1854

it1896

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > state of or advanced condition > highest point

prickOE

heighta1050

full1340

higha1398

pointc1400

roofa1500

top-castle1548

ruff1549

acmea1568

tip1567

noontide1578

high tide1579

superlative1583

summity1588

spring tide1593

meridian1594

period1595

apogee1600

punctilio1601

high-water mark1602

noon1609

zenith1610

auge1611

apex1624

culmination1633

cumble1640

culmen1646

climax1647

topc1650

cumulus1659

summit1661

perigeum1670

highest1688

consummation1698

stretch1741

high point1787

perihelion1804

summary1831

comble1832

heading up1857

climacteric1870

flashpoint1878

tip-end1885

peak1902

noontime1903

Omega point1981

1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 92 Plato and Aristotle in the Summitie of their Ethicall..and Metaphysicall Idees, haue displaied some such philosophicall quiddities.

1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah 125 When a man groweth to the summitie of such malice against himselfe as that natural affection..is quite exiled out of memory.

1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II p. lxix They are not in the summity of the Priesthood.

1844 F. W. D'Arusmont Biography 19 The whole agricultural force became, in the summities of its intelligence, a military force, and, in its labour, a brute force.

1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta I. iv. 80 In making his approaches towards the social summities.

b. A person or thing of the highest rank or distinction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > preceding in order > first of a series

foremosta1250

summity1624

protoplast1645

front rank1872

lead-off1886

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον i. 2 Lysis and Philolaus, call it [sc. the supreme deity] an vnspeakeable number, or a summity of the greatest or smallest number.

1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 130 The two chief summities of this Sacerdotal Hierarchy, the two Patriarchates of Rome and Constantinople.

1685 H. More Paralipomena Prophetica xlii. 361 So soon as they were two Summities or Preeminences Ecclesiastical.

1844 Era 3 Mar. 5/4 Among the crowd which encumbered the vast edifice,..almost all the literary and artistical summities of the capital were to be found.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	summity
释义	† summityn. Forms: late Middle English summite, late Middle English summitee, late Middle English summyte, late Middle English sumyte, 1500s sommitie, 1500s sumitie, 1500s–1600s summitie, 1500s–1600s summitye, 1500s–1800s summity, 1600s summytie; also Scottish pre-1700 sumite, pre-1700 summitie, pre-1700 summyte, pre-1700 summytie. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French sommité. Etymology: < Middle French sommité, summité (French sommité ; now archaic) highest point or topmost part of certain things (end of the 13th cent. in Old French; the figurative uses in sense 3 are not paralleled in French until considerably later than in English: 19th cent.) < classical Latin summitās (in geometry) surface (2nd cent. a.d. in a writer on land surveying), (in philosophy) culminating state (2nd cent. a.d. in Apuleius), in post-classical Latin also end, extremity (Vulgate), highest degree (2nd or 3rd cent. in Tertullian), top part, supreme highness in rank or authority (4th cent.), supreme importance, key point (12th cent. in British sources) < summus highest, the top of (see sum n.¹) + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix).Compare Catalan summitat, Spanish sumidad, Italian sommità (all 14th cent.), Portuguese summidade (late 16th cent.). Obsolete (archaic in later use). 1. The topmost part of something; = summit n. 1a.Quot. ?a1425 could alternatively show a form of summit n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > highest point or top headOE copa1000 heightOE topc1000 highestlOE crest1382 coperounc1400 summita1425 summity?a1425 toppet1439 altitude?a1475 upperest1484 principala1533 pitcha1552 supremity1584 culm1587 period1595 spire1600 upward1608 cope1609 fastigium1641 vertex1641 culmen1646 supreme1652 tip-top1702 peak1785 helm1893 altaltissimo1975 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 103^v (MED) Þe arme be streched out, and be þer put in þi fist, or þi nefe, or fyngers, or þe summyte [L. summitas] of þi shuldre vnder þe armehole. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 240 Sette hem [sc. seeds] myddel depe in drie Lond and in weet lond in the summyte [c1450 Bodl. Add. summitee; L. summitate; rhyme be] Aboue. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xiv. sig. E.j. The very summitie or vpmost parte of the thing to be measured. 1585 S. Daniel in tr. P. Giovio Worthy Tract contayning Disc. Imprese To Sir E. Dimmock sig. .ij On the sommitie of some high Piller. ?1600 H. Plat Delightes for Ladies* sig. E7^v The oyle..fleeting on the top or summity of your water. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Baroscope The Summity of the Tube is for a Space void of Quicksilver. 1742 W. Ellis Timber-tree Improved (ed. 3) II. 82 For Fuel, great and small Coal, which is made by charring the slenderest Birch and Summities of the Twigs; as, of the Tops and Loppings. 2. The highest point or ridge of a mountain, hill, or similar geographical feature; = summit n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > summit knollc888 knapc1000 copc1374 crest?a1400 head?a1425 summit1481 summitya1500 mountain topa1522 hilltop1530 stump1664 scalp1810 bald1838 van1871 dod1878 berg-top1953 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 984 On est half fra þe Caspis se, Swa risande in til summyte [a1550 Wemyss summytie]. a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 1665 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 275 Frome hicht of þe sumiteis Descendand amongis þe waleis. ?1556 L. Digges Tectonicon vi. sig. C.ii First ye shal mesure the circuite of the fote, or base of the Mountain: then the compasse of the summitie or toppe. 1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes i. 37 Vpon the summity of the high hill, is a flat of great circuit. 1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 62 When we reach'd the Summities where we hoped to find very uncommon things, we were forc'd to give over our design by the Fog and Snow. 3. figurative. a. The highest attainable point of achievement, success, development, etc.; = summit n. 3. [In quot. 1862 probably after French sommité sociale (1823 or earlier in this sense; 1824 or earlier in sense ‘eminent person’).] ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [noun] > peak of perfection perfection1340 pointc1400 pinnaclec1450 firmament1526 tipe1548 vertical point1559 acmea1568 status1577 summity1588 sublimation1591 turret1593 topgallant1597 non ultra?1606 vertical1611 non plus ultra1647 ne ultraa1657 verticle1658 summit1661 ne plus ultra1664 ne plus1665 nonplus1670 tip-top1702 pink1720 sublime1748 eminencea1854 it1896 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > state of or advanced condition > highest point prickOE heighta1050 full1340 higha1398 pointc1400 roofa1500 top-castle1548 ruff1549 acmea1568 tip1567 noontide1578 high tide1579 superlative1583 summity1588 spring tide1593 meridian1594 period1595 apogee1600 punctilio1601 high-water mark1602 noon1609 zenith1610 auge1611 apex1624 culmination1633 cumble1640 culmen1646 climax1647 topc1650 cumulus1659 summit1661 perigeum1670 highest1688 consummation1698 stretch1741 high point1787 perihelion1804 summary1831 comble1832 heading up1857 climacteric1870 flashpoint1878 tip-end1885 peak1902 noontime1903 Omega point1981 1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 92 Plato and Aristotle in the Summitie of their Ethicall..and Metaphysicall Idees, haue displaied some such philosophicall quiddities. 1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah 125 When a man groweth to the summitie of such malice against himselfe as that natural affection..is quite exiled out of memory. 1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II p. lxix They are not in the summity of the Priesthood. 1844 F. W. D'Arusmont Biography 19 The whole agricultural force became, in the summities of its intelligence, a military force, and, in its labour, a brute force. 1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta I. iv. 80 In making his approaches towards the social summities. b. A person or thing of the highest rank or distinction. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > preceding in order > first of a series foremosta1250 summity1624 protoplast1645 front rank1872 lead-off1886 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον i. 2 Lysis and Philolaus, call it [sc. the supreme deity] an vnspeakeable number, or a summity of the greatest or smallest number. 1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 130 The two chief summities of this Sacerdotal Hierarchy, the two Patriarchates of Rome and Constantinople. 1685 H. More Paralipomena Prophetica xlii. 361 So soon as they were two Summities or Preeminences Ecclesiastical. 1844 Era 3 Mar. 5/4 Among the crowd which encumbered the vast edifice,..almost all the literary and artistical summities of the capital were to be found. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?a1425
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